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81 TAA
абсолютная высота прибытия в район аэродрома; TAAНаименьшая абсолютная высота, которая обеспечит минимальный запас высоты в 300 м (1000 фут) над всеми объектами, расположенными в створе дуги круга радиусом 46 км (25 м. миль) с центром в начальной контрольной точке захода на посадку (IAF) или, если IAF отсутствует, в промежуточной контрольной точке (IF), ограниченном прямыми линиями, соединяющими концы этой дуги с IF. Совместно значения ТАА, связанные с некоторой схемой захода на посадку, рассчитаны на охват зоны в 360° вокруг IF.terminal arrival altitude; TAAThe lowest altitude that will provide a minimum clearance of 300 m (1 000 ft) above all objects located in an arc of a circle defined by a 46 km (25 NM) radius centred on the initial approach fix (IAF), or where there is no IAF on the intermediate fix (IF), delimited by straight lines joining the extremity of the arc to the IF. The combined TAAs associated with an approach procedure shall account for an area of 360 degrees around the IF.(AN 4; PANS-OPS/I; PANS-OPS/II)Official definition added to AN 4 by Amdt 53 (25/11/2004), and modified by Amdt 13 (25/11/2004) to PANS-OPS/I.Русско-английский словарь международной организации гражданской авиации > TAA
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82 последовательность прямых
= последовательность образующих прямых(напр. при формировании поверхности лопатки) family of straight linesРусско-английский словарь по машиностроению > последовательность прямых
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83 распространяться
гл. propagate; spread; gain ground, gain currencyраспространяемся рефлекс — spread reflex (refl.)
Синонимический ряд:1. идет (глаг.) идет; исходит2. испускается (глаг.) изливается; излучается; испускается; источается; льется; струится3. разносится (глаг.) разноситсяРусско-английский большой базовый словарь > распространяться
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84 Corduroy
A term that is commonly known as 2 & 2 rib, or two ribs alternating on face and back of children's stockings. ———————— A strong cotton cloth used for suitings. It is cut pile fabric, and has hard-wearing qualities. The weave has a cord or rib surface with either round or flat tops, with pile formed by the weft. When woven with a twill back it is known as a " Genoa back," and when a plain back is used it is termed " tabby back " corduroy. Fabrics of this class are woven in the same way as velvets, except that the pile picks are bound by the warp so as to form straight lines of floats; thus producing a ribbed surface. After weaving, the material undergoes (before cutting) the same stiffening and liming process as velvets. Corduroys are made in many varieties, known as fine reed, eight shafts, thicksets, constitutions, cables, etc. (see Constitutionals). The illustration shows a corduroy design, wherein crosses show ground weaves and filled squares the pile picks. An illustration is given of the cloth with the pile cut. The ribs may vary from 12 to 1 per inch ▪ -
85 Lance Stitch
A simple embroidery stitch used in ticking, it consists of short straight lines forming design. -
86 angle
I [ˈæŋgl] noun1) the (amount of) space between two straight lines or surfaces that meet:زاوِيَهan angle of 90°.
2) a point of view:وِجْهَة نَظَرfrom a journalist's angle.
3) a corner.زاوِيَه الطَّريق II [ˈæŋgl] verbto use a rod and line to try to catch fish:يَصِيد السَّمَك بِالصِّنَّارَهangling for trout.
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87 parallel
[ˈpærəlel]1. adjective1) (of straight lines) going in the same direction and always staying the same distance apart:مُتَوازٍThe road is parallel to/with the river.
2) alike (in some way):مُماثِلThere are parallel passages in the two books.
2. adverbin the same direction but always about the same distance away:بِمُوازاةWe sailed parallel to the coast for several days.
3. noun1) a line parallel to another:خَط مُتَوازٍDraw a parallel to this line.
2) a likeness or state of being alike:تَماثُل، تَوازٍIs there a parallel between the British Empire and the Roman Empire?
3) a line drawn from east to west across a map etc at a fixed distance from the equator:خَط العَرْضThe border between Canada and the United States follows the forty-ninth parallel.
4. verbto be equal to:يَكون لَه شَبيه، يُضاهيHis stupidity can't be paralleled.
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88 ruled
adjectivehaving straight lines drawn across:مُسَطَّرruled paper.
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89 sector
[ˈsektə] nouna section of a circle whose sides are a part of the circumference and two straight lines drawn from the centre to the circumference.قِسْم، قِطاع -
90 νεύω
Aνεύσω Od.16.283
, etc.: [tense] aor. ἔνευσα, [dialect] Ep. νεῦσα (v. infr.): [tense] pf. , etc. ([tense] fut. [voice] Med. νεύσομαι only in compds.):— incline in any direction:1 nod, beckon, as a sign,νεύσω μέν τοι ἐγὼ κεφαλῇ Od.16.283
;νεῦσ' Αἴας Φοίνικι Il.9.223
, cf. Od.17.330;νεῦσαν ἐς ἀλλήλους h.Hom.7.9
; , cf. 178.3; beckon with the hand,δεξιᾷ δέ μοι ἔνευσε Ezek.Exag.73
: c. inf., beckon to one to do a thing, in token of command, .2 nod or bow in token of assent,ἐπὶ γλεφάροις ν. Pi.I.8(7).50
; νεῦσον,Κρονίων Id.P.1.71
;νεῦσον, τέκνον, πείσθητι S.Ph. 484
, cf. Ar. Pax 883: c. acc. et inf., grant, assure, promise that..,νεῦσε δέ οἱ λαὸν σόον ἔμμεναι Il.8.246
: c. inf. [tense] fut., Pi.O.7.67: c. inf. [tense] aor., AP6.244 (Crin.): c. acc. rei, grant, promise,νεῦσε δέ οἱ κούρην h.Cer. 445
, cf. 463; (lyr.), cf. E.Alc. 978 (lyr.).3 generally, nod, bend forward, of warriors, Il.13.133;νεῦον τὸ αἰδοῖον Hdt.2.48
;λόφος καθύπερθεν ἔνευεν Il.3.337
, cf. Alc.15.3, etc.;στάχυες νεύοιεν ἔραζε Hes.Op. 473
, etc.;ν. κάτω
stoop,E.
El. 839;ν. ἐς τὴν γῆν Ar.V. 1110
, cf. Theoc.22.90: c. acc.,οὕτω νῦν μνηστῆρες.. νεύοιεν κεφαλὰς δεδμημένοι Od.18.237
;ἐς πέδον κάρα νεῦσαι φόβῳ S.Ant. 270
, cf. 441.4 incline, slope, ν. ἀπό τινος εἴς τι incline to wards, Th.4.100; εἰς τὸ αὐτὸ ν. tend to the same point, Pl.Lg. 945d; πρὸς τὸ λυπῆσαν, πρὸς τοῖς ῥήμασιν, Alex.Aphr. Pr.1.48,78; of countries, etc., slope, ν. εἰς δύσεις, πρὸς τὸ πέλαγος, Plb.1.42.6, 1.73.5, etc.; of buildings, etc., look, face, εἰς νότον, etc., PLond.3.978 (iv A.D.), etc.;μηδαμοῦ ν.
to be in equilibrium,Plb.
6.10.7;ταῖς πρῴραις ἔξω νεύοντα τὰ σκάφη Id.1.26.12
: Geom., of straight lines, verge, tend to a point (i. e. to pass through it when produced), Arist.AP0.76b9, Apollon.Perg.1.2, etc.: metaph., to be inclined,ἄλλως ν. Theoc.7.109
; ν. εἰς ὀργάν, εἰς ἔλεον, APl.4.136 (Antiphil.);ἐπὶ χάριν Phalar.Ep.78
;πρὸς γαστέρα Ath.14.659a
;πρὸς θῆλυ Trag.Adesp.355
.II metaph., decline, fall away,ἐκ.. τῶν ποτε λαμπρῶν νεύει βίοτος, νεύει δὲ τύχα E.Fr. 153
: in Neo-Platonic philosophy, decline, sink in the scale of Being, Plot.2.9.4, etc.III νεύει· ἐπανέρχεται ἢ μᾶλλον φεύγει, Hsch.IV [voice] Pass., only [tense] pf. part. νενευμένος inclined, Teucerin Cat.Cod.Astr.7.202. (Cf. Skt. návate 'turn round', Lat. nuo.) -
91 συμβάλλω
συμβάλλω, [tense] fut. - βᾰλῶ: [tense] aor. - έβᾰλον, inf. - βᾰλεῖν: [tense] pf. - βέβληκα: [tense] aor. 1 [voice] Pass. - εβλήθην:—of these tenses Hom. uses only [tense] pres. [voice] Act., [tense] aor. [voice] Act. and [voice] Med., but most commonly [dialect] Ep. intr. [tense] aor. forms συμβλήτην, -βλήμεναι, [voice] Med. σύμβλητο, -βληντο, -βλήμενος, subj. [ per.] 2sg. - βλήεαι prob. cj. for - βλήσεαι in Il.20.335, [ per.] 3sg. [var] contr.A- βληται Od.7.204
:—throw together, dash together, σύν ῥ' ἔβαλον ῥινούς, of men in close combat, Il.4.447, 8.61; , Ar. Pax 1274 (hex.), X.HG4.3.19, etc.; bring together, unite, e.g. of rivers that fall into one another, ; :— [voice] Med.,πολλοὶ ποταμοὶ σ. τὸ σφέτερον ὕδωρ Hdt.4.50
(cf. δάκρυα δάκρυσι ς. E.Or. 336 (lyr., [voice] Act.)); ὁ Ἀκεσίνης τῷ Ἰνδῷ τὸ ὕδωρ ς. Arr.An.6.1.5; σ. τὰ ὦτα πρὸς τὴν γῆν have their ears reaching to.., Arist.HA 606a15:—[voice] Pass., κατὰ τὰς ῥᾶγας συμβεβλημένων [τῶν δακτύλων] Sor. 2.60.4 intr. in [voice] Act., fit (cf.σύμβολον 1.1
), Arist.EE 1239b14; to be suitable,τὰ χεδροπὰ σ. εἰς τὰς νέας Thphr.CP3.20.7
(unless = sow, set).b to be profitable,σ. τῷ πολιτικῷ.. δικαίῳ εἶναι Phld.Rh.2.285
S.;σ. ἀναμένειν ἡμέραν μίαν Gal.16.496
.5 intr., come together, ἔνθα δίστομοι.. σ. ὁδοί where two roads join, S.OC 901, cf. Str.6.3.7; τὰ συμβάλλοντα the watersmeet, IG9(2) p.xi (Delph., iii/ii B.C.); [φλὲψ] σ. τῇ ἀποσχίσει Arist.HA 514a12
; collide,τοὺς τύπους ἀνάγκη συμβάλλειν ἑαυτοῖς Thphr.Sens.52
: Geom., meet, τὸ σημεῖον, καθ' ὃ συμβάλλουσιν the point in which (the straight lines) meet, Archim.Sph.Cyl.1.23, etc.6 βλέφαρα σ. ὕπνῳ close the eyes in sleep, A.Ag.15; σ. ὄμμα, in death, ib. 1294 (but ποῖον ὄμμα συμβαλῶ; how shall I meet her eyes with mine? E.IA 455).7 generally, join, unite, σ. σχοινία twist ropes (cf. συμβολεύς), Ar. Pax 37; soτοπεῖα IG22.1672.311
(iv B.C.);ὠμόλινον σ. πεντάπλουν Hp.Fist.4
;στέφανον Philostr.Her.Prooem.
; [αἱ φλέβες] σ. [τὸ σῶμα] εἰς ἕν Arist.PA 668b24
; fit together,ἁρμούς IG7.4255.23
(Oropus, iv B.C.); σ. καὶ κολλῆσαι ib. 22.1668.73 (iv B.C.);κεραῖαι συμβεβλημέναι PCair.Zen.566.10
(iii B.C.); δεξιὰς σ. ἀλλήλοισι join hands, E.IA58.8 σ. συμβόλαιά τινι or πρός τινα make a contract with a person, esp. lend him money on bond, D. 34.1, Pl.R. 425c, cf. Th.5.77 ([voice] Med.); συμβόλαιον εἰς τἀνδράποδα συμβεβλημένον money lent on the security of the slaves, D.27.27: abs., in same sense, Isoc.21.13; make a contract, Pl.Alc.1.125d, OGI669.21 (Egypt, i A.D.), Cod.Just.1.3.55.4; of a marriage contract, Mitteis Chr.372 vi 22, cf. 8 (ii A.D.); advance, lend,πέρα μεδίμνου κριθῶν Is.10.10
; ἱμάτια, χρυσία, etc., Ar.Ec. 446; ἐπί τισι on certain terms, D.H.6.29;σ. δανεισμῷ Pl.Lg. 921d
; ὁ συμβαλών the lender, creditor, D.56.2, cf. D.H.5.63 (but οἱ συμβ. the borrowers, debtors, Id.4.9):— [voice] Med., with [tense] pf. [voice] Pass., pay a share, contribute, ὁλκάδα οἱ συμβαλέεσθαι give him a merchant-vessel, Hdt.3.135, cf. Lys.32.24, X.Ages. 2.27; σ. χρήματά τινι εἰς τροφὴν τῶν στρατιωτῶν advance it, Id.An. 1.1.9, cf. IG7.2418 (Thebes, iv B.C.);τριήρεις εἰς κίνδυνον Isoc.4.98
; (iii B.C.).9 generally, contribute:— [voice] Pass.,συμβάλλεταί τις.. μερίς Alex.149.4
:—in this sense mostly in [voice] Med., τέμενος συμβάλλεσθαι add thereto, Pi.I.1.59; , cf. Hp.Aër.2, Sosip.1.37, Damox.2.11; τὸ μὴ ἀγανακτεῖν.. ἄλλα τέ μοι πολλὰ συμβάλλεται, καὶ.. many circumstances contribute to my feeling no vexation, and especially.., Pl.Ap. 36a;σ. βοήθειαν οὐ σμικρὰν πρός τι Id.Lg. 836b
; τιμὴν καὶ δόξαν τῇ πόλει ς. Isoc.Ep.8.6;οὐ δεῖ λογίζεσθαι, πότερος πλείω συμβέβληται X.Oec.7.13
; freq. with μέρος as obj., ἔργων οὐκ ἐλάχιστον μέρος ς. And.1.143;μέρος σ. πρὸς ἀρετήν Pl.Lg. 836d
, cf. R. 331b, D.41.11;οὐκ ἐλάχιστον μέρος πρὸς εὐδαιμονίαν Isoc.7.79
;συμβαλλέσθω τὸ μέρος ἕκαστος εἰς τὸ ἀνάλωμα PHal.1.108
, cf. 113 (iii B.C.);τὴν μεγίστην εἰς αὐτὰ μοῖραν Pl.Ti. 47c
, cf. X.Cyr.6.1.28: also abs., οὔτε ποταμὸς οὔτε κρήνη οὐδεμία ἐσδιδοῦσα ἐς πλῆθός οἱ συμβάλλεται contributes to its volume, Hdt.4.50;σ. πρὸς τὸ λανθάνειν X.Cyr.2.4.21
, cf. Isoc.7.21; συμβαλλόμενα contributory causes, Thphr.Sud.6: abs., to be helpful, , cf. Pl.Lg. 905b, D.21.133; φόνου κηκὶς ξ. contributes to the proof, A.Ch. 1012: rarely c. gen. partit., ξυμβάλλεται πολλὰ τοῦδε δείματος many things contribute [ their share] of this fear, i.e. join in causing it, E.Med. 284.10 συμβάλλεσθαι γνώμας contribute one's opinion to a discussion, Hdt.8.61;περί τινος Pl.Plt. 298c
;συμβαλέσθαι περί τινος λόγους X.Cyr.2.2.21
; λόγον σ. περὶ βίου contribute an opinion about life, Pl.Lg. 905c; also συμβαλέσθαι τι to have something to say, Id. Ion 532c, cf. 533a; ταῦτά σοι περὶ Ἔρωτος ς. Id.Smp. 185c; συμβαλοῦ γνώμην contribute your opinion, help in judging, S.OC 1151; σ. τὴν γνώμην τῆς βουλῆς, with or without εἰς τὸν δῆμον, communicate it, IG22.79.6, 103.17, al.; cast votes, Schwyzer 84.15 (Tylisus, v B.C.).II συμβάλλειν (sc. λόγους) converse, σ. τινί or πρός τινα, Plu.2.222c, Act.Ap.4.15:—[voice] Med., ἀτὰρ τί ἐγὼ περὶ κλοπῆς ς.; X.An.4.6.14.II bring men together in hostile sense, pit them against each other, match them,ἀμφοτέρους θεοὶ σύμβαλον Il.20.55
;ἐμὲ.. καὶ Μενέλαον συμβάλετε.. μάχεσθαι 3.70
; σ. σκύμνον λέοντος σκύλακι κυνός set one to fight with the other, Hdt.3.32; ἄνδρα ἀνδρὶ καὶ ἵππον ἵππῳ ς. Id.5.1;τοὺς ἡβῶντας σ. εἰς ἔριν περὶ ἀρχῆς X.Lac.4.2
; ἀλεκτρυόνας ς. Id.Smp.4.9;ἄνδρας φίλους Id.Cyr.6.1.32
;εἰς χεῖρα δοῦλον δεσπότῃ μὴ συμβάλῃς Philem. 206
: metaph., ἀναισχυντίᾳ σ. τινὰ καὶ προσγυμνάζειν make him contend with.., Pl.Lg. 647c.b [voice] Med., join in fight,σὺν δ' ἐβάλοντο μάχεσθαι ἐναντίον Il.12.377
.c intr., come together,σύμβαλον μάχεσθαι 16.565
; also ς. alone, come to blows, engage, ; freq. in Hdt., either abs., as 1.77,82, or c. dat. pers., ib.80, 104;Ἄρης Ἄρει δυμβαλεῖ, Δίκα Δίκᾳ A.Ch. 461
(lyr.); Ἕλληνες Μήδοις ς. Simon.136; alsoσ. πρός τινα X.Cyr.7.1.20
, Isoc.4.69;εἰς μονομαχίαν πρός τινα Str.14.5.16
; συμβάλλων coming into collision, Pl.Plt. 273a, cf. Wilcken Chr.16.6 (ii A.D.).2 σ. πόλεμον καὶ δηϊοτῆτα engage in war, Il.12.181 (prob. interpol.); so in Trag.,σ. βάκχαις μάχην E.Ba. 837
;ἔχθραν τινί Id.Med.44
; ἔριν φίλοις ib. 521: metaph., συμβαλεῖν ἔπη κακά bandy reproaches, S. Aj. 1323; .3 [voice] Med., fall in with one, meet him, c. dat., freq. in Hom., who uses [dialect] Ep. [tense] aor. forms beginning ξυμβλη- or συμβλη- solely in this sense,Νέστορι δὲ ξύμβληντο Il.14.27
, cf. 39;εἰ δ' ἄρα τις.. ξύμβληται ὁδίτης Od.7.204
;ξυμβλήμενος ἄλλος ὁδίτης 11.127
; ὅτε κεν συμβλήσεαι (leg. - βλήεαι)αὐτῷ Il.20.335
;ξυμβλήτην ἀλλήλοιιν Od.21.15
.4 so in [voice] Act., συμβαλών having met, A.Ch. 677; οἱ συμβάλλοντες those who come in contact with one, Plu.Marc.20; φιλοσόφῳ ς. Arr.Epict.3.9.13, cf. 12, POxy. 1063 (ii/iii A.D.), PFay.129.2 (iii A.D.).III compare,σμικρὰ μεγάλοισι Hdt.2.10
;ἑωυτόν τινι Id.3.160
;ἓν πρὸς ἕν Id.4.50
;τι πρός τι Lycurg.68
;πρὸς ἄλληλα Pl.Tht. 186b
;οὐδὲν ἦν τούτων.. πρὸς ἀτταγῆνα συμβαλεῖν Phoenicid.2.5
:—[voice] Pass., Hdt.2.10, 3.125; τὸ ἀργύριον τὸ Βαβυλώνιον πρὸς τὸ Εὐβοικὸν συμβαλλόμενον τάλαντον the Babyl. talent being compared with, reduced to, the Euboic, ib.95.b compare for the purpose of checking, μέτρῳ συμβεβλημένῳ πρὸς τὸ χαλκοῦν Wilcken Chr.410.11 (iii B.C.), etc.2 [voice] Med., reckon, compute, Hdt.2.31, 4.15, 6.63,65:—[voice] Pass.,ἡ ὁδὸς ἡ ἡμερησίη ἀνὰ διηκόσια στάδια συμβέβληταί μοι Id.4.101
.3 conclude, infer, conjecture, interpret,συμβαλεῖν τι Pi.N.11.33
; σ. ὅτι .. Pl.Cra. 412c; τοῦτο ς. S.OC 1474; τοῦτο σ., ὅτι.. Ar.V.50; τὰ πρὶν οὐκ εὔγνωστα ς. E.Or.[1394];εὖ ξυνέβαλεν αὐτά Ar.Eq. 427
;ἣν [νόσον] οὐδ' ἂν εἷς γνοίη ποτ' οὐδ' ἂν ξυμβάλοι Id.V.72
;σ. ἔπη E.Med. 675
;τοὖναρ Id.IT55
;τὴν μαντείαν Pl.Cra. 384a
;τὸν χρησμόν Arist.Fr. 532
, cf. 76;σήματα σ., εἰ.. ἤ.. Arat.1146
: abs., καθὼς συμβάλλομεν ἐκ τοὖ .. Sor.2.63:—[voice] Med., abs., Heraclit.47, freq. in Hdt., as 2.33, 4.87: c. acc., make out, understand, τὸ πρῆγμα ib. 111;σ. τι ἔκ τινος 6.107
; τῇδε, ὅτι .. from the fact that.., 3.68: c. acc. et inf., 1.68, 2.33, 112, al.; folld. by indirect question, 4.45.IV agree, arrange,καθάπερ ξυνέβαλον ἢ διέθεντο IG12.46.14
;πρὸς ἐμὲ πάντες συμβάλλετε X.Cyr. 6.2.41
:—[voice] Med., make a treaty, Foed. ap. Th.5.77; agree upon, fix, settle,λόφον εἰς ὃν δέοι ἁλίζεσθαι X.An.6.3.3
;ἔδει σε, καθότι συνεβάλου ἡμῖν, Ἡρακλείδην.. ἀπεσταλκέναι PCair.Zen.314.1
(iii B.C.).Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > συμβάλλω
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92 τμῆμα
A part cut off, section, piece, Pl.Smp. 191d, al.; segment of a line, Id.R. 509d, Euc.2.11, etc.; of a circle (i.e. portion cut off by a chord), Arist.Metaph. 1035a34 (pl.), APr. 41b18, Mete. 343a12, Euc.3 Def.6, etc.; also of the portion cut off by radii, sector, τὰ ἀφαιρούμενα ὑπὸ τῶν ἐκ τοῦ κέντρου [τμήματα] Arist. Cael. 290a3, cf. Str.2.5.34; of lunes,ὁ τετραγωνισμὸς ὁ διὰ τῶν τμημάτων Arist.Ph. 185a16
; of segments of other figures cut off by straight lines or planes, Democr.155, Archim.Con.Sph.Prooem., al.; and of segments bounded by a circle and a circumscribed polygon, Papp.316.2. -
93 ἐφεξῆς
A in order, in a row, one after another,ἵζεσθαι Hdt.5.18
; ; , etc.; ἵστασθ' ἐ. πάντες all in a row, Id.Fr. 66;ἐ. ἐπὶ κέρως τεταγμέναι Eub.67.4
, Xenarch.4.6;φάλαγγα βάθος ἐ. X.HG7.5.23
;τὰ ἐ. λεγόμενα Pl.Sph. 261d
;ἵν' ἐ. ἡμῖν ὁ λόγος ἴῃ Id.Plt. 281d
;τὰς πράξεις ἐ. διελθεῖν Isoc.4.26
; ἐ. ἀποκρίνεσθαι in a connected manner, Ruf.Interrog.2: c. Art.,ᾖα τὰς ἐ. [πολιτείας] ἐρῶν Pl. R. 449a
, cf. Lg. 696e; ἡ ἐ. γωνία the adjacent angle, Euc.1.14; αἱ ἐ. τομαί adjacent sections, of branches of a hyperbola and its conjugate, Apollon. Perg.Con.2.19; γραμμαὶ ἐ. κείμεναι a series of straight lines, Archim.Spir.10; ἡ ἐ. [οἰκία] next door, Men.Inc.2.31;τὸ ἐ. ῥητέον Pl.Phdr. 239d
, cf. Arist.Cael. 281a28, etc.2 c. dat., next to, Pl. Prm. 149a, al.;τὸ ἐ. τούτοις Id.Phlb. 34d
;ἐ. τοῖς εἰρημένοις Arist. Pol. 1294a32
: rarely c. gen., [ γωνίας] Pl. Ti. 55a.II successively, continuously, esp. withπᾶς, ἐ. πάντας X. Oec.12.10
;δῃοῦν πᾶσαν τὴν γῆν ἐ. Id.HG4.6.4
;τὴν Ἑλλάδα πᾶσαν ἐ. ἁρπάζειν D.8.55
;μὴ τοῖς αἰτίοις, ἀλλὰ πᾶσιν ἐ. ὀργίζεσθαι Id.Prooem.38.2
.2 less freq. of Time,τρεῖς ἡμέρας ἐπεξῆς Hdt.2.77
, cf. Lys.19.52;ἐ. τέτταρες Ar. Ra. 915
;δὶς ἐ. Call. Epigr.37
.3 thereupon, immediately afterwards,εὐθὺς ἐ. D.18.31
;εἰσελθὼν οἴκαδε καὶ ἐ. οὑτωσὶ καθεζόμενος Id.21.119
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94 rechtlijnig denken
rechtlijnig denkenVan Dale Handwoordenboek Nederlands-Engels > rechtlijnig denken
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95 карта
map, chart
(географическая)
- (график, схема, таблица) — chart, card
- (заданий, работ) — card
-, аэронавигационная — aeronautical chart
карта участка земной поверхности с указанием рельефа местности и искусственных ориентиров (напр., населенных пунктов), специально предназначенная для самолетовождения. — а representation of а portion of the earth, its culture and relief, specifically designed to meet the requirements of air navigation.
- в нормальной равноугольной конической проекции (проекции ламберта) — lambert chart
- в равноугольной ципиндрической проекции (проекции меркатора) — mercator chart
- выполнения (регламентных работ) осмотров самолета (двигателя) — airplane (engfne) inspection work card
- допусков и посадок — fits and clearances chart
карта допусков и посадок содержит информацию о допусках и посадках собираемого узла и величины моментов затяжки крепежа. — reference only shall be made to fits and clearances charts for assembly fits and clearаnse tolerances and for assernbly torque values.
- задания на регламентные работы — task card
- контроля (проверки системы или оборудования) — check list, checklist
- контроля, обычного (нормального) — normal check list
-, контрольная (к технопогичеcкой карте) — check card (for task card)
-, контрольная (обязательных проверок перед взлетом/посадкой) — check list /checklist/ (before takeoff and landing)
- контрольная, предвзлетная — takeoff check list
-, контрольная, предпосадочная — landing check list never land without completing the landing checklist.
- контрольных проверок — check list, checclist
-, крупномасштабная — large-scale map
карта малых участков земной поверхности, — large-scale map covers small area.
- магнитных склонений — (magnetic) variation chart
-, мелкомасштабная — small-scale map
- неразрушающего контроля — non-destructive inspection card
-, нивелировочная — rigging chart
-, обнаружения и устранения неисправностей — trouble shooting card
-, операционная (технопогическая) — instruction card
- оформления сборки (агрегата) — (accessory) assembly procedure card
- организации технологическогo процесса ремонта — overhaul flow card
- поиска неисправностей — trouble shooting card
-, полетная — aeronautical chart
- послеполетных работ — post-flight work card
- пристрелки (стрелкового оружия) — boresighting chart
- пристрелки двух, параллельно установленных пулеметов или пушек — boresighting chart for parallel fire
- расчета запаса топлива до аэродрома назначения — fuel to destination chart
- расчета запаса топлива до запасного аэродрома — fuel to alternate chart
- расчета полета на режиме наибольшей (максимальной) дальности — long range cruise chart
- (выполнения) регламентных работ — scheduled maintenance task card
- ремонта, технопогическая — overhaul flow card
- с инструкцией для пассажиров при аварийной ситуации — safety instructions card
- с координатной сеткой — gridded map
- смазки — lubrication chart
-, технологическая — instruction card
-, технологическая (выполнения регламентных работ) — (scheduled maintenance) task card
-, технологическая (выполнения регламентных работ по двигателю (самолету) — engine (airplane) scheduled maintenance task card
- (в) центральной проекции — great circle chart
на данной карте ортодромические курсы изображаются прямыми линиями, — chart, constructed on the gnomonic projection showing circle courses as straight lines.
масштаб к. — map scale
чтение к. — reading of the map
выполнять no методике, указанной в технологической карте — perform smth as prescribed /instructed/ in task card
завершать проверки no карте контроля — complete the check list
проверять выполнение всех действий по карте контрольных проверок — complete checklist
never land before completing your landing checklists.
прокладывать курс на к. — plot the course on the chartРусско-английский сборник авиационно-технических терминов > карта
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96 площадь
area
(поверхность, зона, участок)
- вертикального оперения — vertical tail area
- выходного сечения сопла — nozzle exit area
- горизонтального оперения — horizontal tail area
- диска (воздушного) винта — propeller disc area
- диска несущего винта — rotor disc area
- зацепления (шестерни) — engaging surface
- касания шины е землей — tire contact area
- компенсации (руля) — balance area
- критического сечения сопла — nozzle throat area
- крыла — wing area
- крыла без подфюзеляжной части — net wing area gross wing area less part covered by fuselage.
- крыла, общая — gross wing area
площадь поверхности крыла, ограниченная двумя законцовками, передней и задней кромками и прямыми линиями, соединяющими эти кромки при пересечении фюзеляжа и мотогондол (без учета зализов). — the area of the surface bounded by two wing tips, leading and trailing edges and by straight lines joining intersection of their edges (ignoring fillets) with the fuselage wing nacelles.
- крыла с подфюзеляжной частью — gross wing area
- крыла, чистая — net wing area
-, лобовая — frontal area
- лобового сопротивления — drag area
- лопасти (воздушного) винта — propeller blade area
- лопасти (воздушного) винта, эффективная — effective propeller blade area
- миделевого сечения (фюзеляжа) — (fuselage) mid-section area
- несущей поверхности — lifting surface area
-, сметаемая воздушным винтом — propeller disc area
площадь круга, сметаемого лопастями воздушного винта, при этом радиус круга равен радиусу винта. — area of the circle described by the tips of the propeller bfades.
-, сметаемая несущим винтом — main rotor disc area
-, сметаемая хвостовым винтом — tail /anti-torque/ rotor disc area
- опоры — bearing area
- поперечного сечения — cross-sectional area
-, притертая (прикатанная, пришлифованная) — area of contact
-, производственная — production area
- соприкосновения — contact area
правило площадей располагаться no п. пола — area rule be spaced over the floor areaРусско-английский сборник авиационно-технических терминов > площадь
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97 Hertz, Heinrich Rudolph
[br]b. 22 February 1857 Hamburg, Germanyd. 1 January 1894 Bonn, Germany[br]German physicist who was reputedly the first person to transmit and receive radio waves.[br]At the age of 17 Hertz entered the Gelehrtenschule of the Johaneums in Hamburg, but he left the following year to obtain practical experience for a year with a firm of engineers in Frankfurt am Main. He then spent six months at the Dresden Technical High School, followed by year of military service in Berlin. At this point he decided to switch from engineering to physics, and after a year in Munich he studied physics under Helmholtz at the University of Berlin, gaining his PhD with high honours in 1880. From 1883 to 1885 he was a privat-dozent at Kiel, during which time he studied the electromagnetic theory of James Clerk Maxwell. In 1885 he succeeded to the Chair in Physics at Karlsruhe Technical High School. There, in 1887, he constructed a rudimentary transmitter consisting of two 30 cm (12 in.) rods with metal balls separated by a 7.5 mm (0.3 in.) gap at the inner ends and metallic plates at the outer ends, the whole assembly being mounted at the focus of a large parabolic metal mirror and the two rods being connected to an induction coil. At the other side of his laboratory he placed a 70 cm (27½ in.) diameter wire loop with a similar air gap at the focus of a second metal mirror. When the induction coil was made to create a spark across the transmitter air gap, he found that a spark also occurred at the "receiver". By a series of experiments he was not only able to show that the invisible waves travelled in straight lines and were reflected by the parabolic mirrors, but also that the vibrations could be refracted like visible light and had a similar wavelength. By this first transmission and reception of radio waves he thus confirmed the theoretical predictions made by Maxwell some twenty years earlier. It was probably in his experiments with this apparatus in 1887 that Hertz also observed that the voltage at which a spark was able to jump a gap was significantly reduced by the presence of ultraviolet light. This so-called photoelectric effect was subsequently placed on a theoretical basis by Albert Einstein in 1905. In 1889 he became Professor of Physics at the University of Bonn, where he continued to investigate the nature of electric discharges in gases at low pressure until his death after a long and painful illness. In recognition of his measurement of radio and other waves, the international unit of frequency of an oscillatory wave, the cycle per second, is now universally known as the Hertz.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsRoyal Society Rumford Medal 1890.BibliographyMuch of Hertz's work, including his 1890 paper "On the fundamental equations of electrodynamics for bodies at rest", is recorded in three collections of his papers which are available in English translations by D.E.Jones et al., namely Electric Waves (1893), Miscellaneous Papers (1896) and Principles of Mechanics (1899).Further ReadingJ.G.O'Hara and W.Pricha, 1987, Hertz and the Maxwellians, London: Peter Peregrinus. J.Hertz, 1977, Heinrich Hertz, Memoirs, Letters and Diaries, San Francisco: San Francisco Press.R.Appleyard, 1930, Pioneers of Electrical Communication.See also: Heaviside, OliverKFBiographical history of technology > Hertz, Heinrich Rudolph
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98 Howe, Elias
[br]b. 9 July 1819 Spencer, Massachusetts, USAd. 3 October 1867 Bridgeport, Connecticut, USA[br]American inventor of one of the earliest successful sewing machines.[br]Son of Elias Howe, a farmer, he acquired his mechanical knowledge in his father's mill. He left school at 12 years of age and was apprenticed for two years in a machine shop in Lowell, Massachusetts, and later to an instrument maker, Ari Davis in Boston, Massachusetts, where his master's services were much in demand by Harvard University. Fired by a desire to invent a sewing machine, he utilized the experience gained in Lowell to devise a shuttle carrying a lower thread and a needle carrying an upper thread to make lock-stitch in straight lines. His attempts were so rewarding that he left his job and was sustained first by his father and then by a partner. By 1845 he had built a machine that worked at 250 stitches per minute, and the following year he patented an improved machine. The invention of the sewing machine had an enormous impact on the textile industry, stimulating demand for cloth because making up garments became so much quicker. The sewing machine was one of the first mass-produced consumer durables and was essentially an American invention. William Thomas, a London manufacturer of shoes, umbrellas and corsets, secured the British rights and persuaded Howe to come to England to apply it to the making of shoes. This Howe did, but he quarrelled with Thomas after less than one year. He returned to America to face with his partner, G.W.Bliss, a bigger fight over his patent (see I.M. Singer), which was being widely infringed. Not until 1854 was the case settled in his favour. This litigation threatened the very existence of the new industry, but the Great Sewing Machine Combination, the first important patent-pooling arrangement in American history, changed all this. For a fee of $5 on every domestically-sold machine and $1 on every exported one, Howe contributed to the pool his patent of 1846 for a grooved eye-pointed needle used in conjunction with a lock-stitch-forming shuttle. Howe's patent was renewed in 1861; he organized and equipped a regiment during the Civil War with the royalties. When the war ended he founded the Howe Machine Company of Bridgeport, Connecticut.[br]Further ReadingObituary, 1867, Engineer 24.Obituary, 1867, Practical Magazine 5.F.G.Harrison, 1892–3, Biographical Sketches of Pre-eminent Americans (provides a good account of Howe's life and achievements).N.Salmon, 1863, History of the Sewing Machine from the Year 1750, with a biography of Elias Howe, London (tells the history of sewing machines).F.B.Jewell, 1975, Veteran Sewing Machines, A Collector's Guide, Newton Abbot (a more modern account of the history of sewing machines).C.Singer (ed.), 1958, A History of Technology, Vol. V, Oxford: Clarendon Press (covers the mechanical developments).D.A.Hounshell, 1984, From the American System to Mass Production 1800–1932. TheDevelopment of Manufacturing Technology in the United States, Baltimore (examines the role of the American sewing machine companies in the development of mass-production techniques).RLH -
99 Ramsden, Jesse
SUBJECT AREA: Mechanical, pneumatic and hydraulic engineering[br]b. 6 October 1735 (?) Halifax, Yorkshire, Englandd. 5 November 1800 Brighton, Sussex, England[br]English instrument-maker who developed machines for accurately measuring angular and linear scales.[br]Jesse Ramsden was the son of an innkeeper but received a good general education: after attending the free school at Halifax, he was sent at the age of 12 to his uncle for further study, particularly in mathematics. At the age of 16 he was apprenticed to a cloth-worker in Halifax and on completion of the apprenticeship in 1755 he moved to London to work as a clerk in a cloth warehouse. In 1758 he became an apprentice in the workshop of a London mathematical instrument-maker named Burton. He quickly gained the skill, particularly in engraving, and by 1762 he was able to set up on his own account. He married in 1765 or 1766 the youngest daughter of the optician John Dollond FRS (1706– 61) and received a share of Dollond's patent for making achromatic lenses.Ramsden's experience and reputation increased rapidly and he was generally regarded as the leading instrument-maker of his time. He opened a shop in the Haymarket and transferred to Piccadilly in 1775. His staff increased to about sixty workers and apprentices, and by 1789 he had constructed nearly 1,000 sextants as well as theodolites, micrometers, balances, barometers, quadrants and other instruments.One of Ramsden's most important contributions to precision measurement was his development of machines for obtaining accurate division of angular and linear scales. For this work he received a premium from the Commissioners of the Board of Longitude, who published his descriptions of the machines. For the trigonometrical survey of Great Britain, initiated by General William Roy FRS (1726–90) and continued by the Board of Ordnance, Ramsden supplied a 3 ft (91 cm) theodolite and steel measuring chains, and was also engaged to check the glass tubes used to measure the fundamental base line.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsFRS 1786; Royal Society Copley Medal 1795. Member, Imperial Academy of St Petersburg 1794. Member, Smeatonian Society of Civil Engineers 1793.Bibliography1774, Description of a New Universal Equatorial Instrument, London; repub. 1791. 1777, Description of an Engine for Dividing Mathematical Instruments, London. 1779, Description of an Engine for Dividing Straight Lines on MathematicalInstruments, London.1779, "Description of two new micrometers", Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society 69:419–31.1782, "A new construction of eyeglasses for such telescopes as may be applied to mathematical instruments", Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society 73:94–99.Further ReadingR.S.Woodbury, 1961, History of the Lathe to 1850, Cleveland, Ohio; W.Steeds, 1969, A History of Machine Tools 1700–1910, Oxford (both provide a brief description of Ramsden's dividing machines).RTS -
100 Strahlenbüschel
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