străbo

* * *

străbo, ōnis, m. (collat. form stră-bōnus, i, Petr. 68, 8; v. also strabus), = strabôn.

Lit., that has oblique, distorted eyes, i. e. one who squints strongly, a squinter (class.): ecquos (deos) si non tam strabones, at paetulos esse arbitramur? * Cic. N. D. 1, 29, 80; Hor. S. 1, 3, 44, Petr. 39, 11; Dig. 21, 1, 12.—

Trop., one who looks askance, i. e. an envious, jealous person (ante-class.), Lucil. ap. Non. 27, 7 (Sat. Fragm. 27, 8); Varr. ib. 4 (opp. integris oculis).

Străbo, ōnis, m. [1. strabo], a Roman surname, Cic. Att. 12, 17; 14, 1; id. Ac. 2, 25, 81 al.; cf. Plin. 11, 37, 55, § 150.

străbo, ōnis, m. (collat. form stră-bōnus, i, Petr. 68, 8; v. also strabus), = strabôn.

Lit., that has oblique, distorted eyes, i. e. one who squints strongly, a squinter (class.): ecquos (deos) si non tam strabones, at paetulos esse arbitramur? * Cic. N. D. 1, 29, 80; Hor. S. 1, 3, 44, Petr. 39, 11; Dig. 21, 1, 12.—

Trop., one who looks askance, i. e. an envious, jealous person (ante-class.), Lucil. ap. Non. 27, 7 (Sat. Fragm. 27, 8); Varr. ib. 4 (opp. integris oculis).

Străbo, ōnis, m. [1. strabo], a Roman surname, Cic. Att. 12, 17; 14, 1; id. Ac. 2, 25, 81 al.; cf. Plin. 11, 37, 55, § 150.

• Among blinds the squinting rules. (Erasmus)

Ἡρακλέης (-έης, -έος, -έος, -εῖ, -ῆι, -έα, -εες.)

δέκα indecl. ten (Hom.+; loanw. in rabb.; Jos., Bell. 2, 146 as a round number; Ath. 6, 1 μέγιστος ἀριθμὸς … ὁ δέκα πυθαγορικούς) Mt 20:24; 25:1, 28; Mk 10:41; Lk 15:8; 17:12, 17; 19:15, 16f, 24f. ἐν δ. χιλιάσεν 14:31; δ. ἀπόστολοι Ac 2:14 D; ἡμέρας … ὀκτὼ ἢ δ. 25:6; θλῖψιν ἡμερῶν δ. Rv 2:10 (ten days as a relatively short period of time as Gen 24:55; Da 1:12, 14); horns 12:3; 13:1; 17:3, 7, 12, 16 (Da 7:7, 20, 24); soldiers IRo 5:1; kingdoms B 4:4f (Da 7:24, 7); cp. Rv 17:12; δ. λόγοι the Ten Commandments (Ex 34:28; Dt 10:4) B 15:1.— δεκαδύο (ins in Meisterhans³-Schw. p. 159; Schweizer 164; Nachmanson 147; pap in Mayser 316; Polyb., Plut., EpArist, Joseph., LXX; TestJob 15:4) twelve Ac 19:7; 24:11 both v.l.; B 8:3; GEb 34, 62 (cp. Just., A I, 39, 3 ἄνδρες δ.).—δεκαέξ, expressed var. (ins, pap, LXX, Strabo 2, 5, 42): ἦν ἐτῶν ιϚ´ (δέκα ἓξ most codd., δέκα ἑπτά H; cp. TestJob 26:1) was sixteen years of age GJs 12:3. For ἑξακόσιαι δεκαέξ or ἑξακόσιαι δέκα ἕξ six hundred and sixteen Rv 13:18 v.l. see Dssm., LO 237 (=LAE 276–78; s. M-M s.v. δεκαέξ) and L-S-J-M s.v. δέκα.— δεκαοκτώ (ins in Meisterhans³-Schw. 161 and Schweizer 165; Cleonides [II A.D.], Introductio Harmonica 2; pap, LXX; Jos., C. Ap. 1, 230; TestJud 9:2; ApcMos 1) eighteen Lk 13:4, 11 (16 δ. καὶ ὀκτώ as JosAs 27:2; s. Thackeray 188); B 9:8 (Jos., Ant. 1, 178).— δεκαπέντε (ins in Meisterhans³-Schw. 160, 12; pap in Mayser 316; Polyb., Diod S, Plut., Joseph., LXX; ParJer 7:7; GrBar 4:10; πέντε καὶ δέκα ἐτῶν TestAbr B 9 p. 113, 19 [Stone p. 74]) fifteen J 11:18; Ac 27:5 v.l., 28; Gal 1:18 (ἡμ. δεκ. means our two weeks as Appian, Liby. 108 §507 [πεντεκαίδεκα ἡμ.]; Jos., Ant. 13, 427; Beros[s]us 680: Fgm. 8 [140] p. 390, 15 Jac. [in Jos., C. Ap. 1, 140]; OGI 210, 7 [247/48]).— δεκατέσσαρες (ins in Schweizer 165; OGI 672, 13; pap in Mayser 316; Polyb., Diod S, Strabo, Plut., Joseph., LXX; TestAbr A 17 p. 99, 18 [Stone p. 46]; TestJob 25:1; TestIss 1:10) fourteen Mt 1:17 (on the numerical difficulties here s. HSchöllig, ZNW 59, ’68, 261–68); 2 Cor 12:2; Gal 2:1 (LDieu, Quatorze ans ou quatre ans?: ETL 14, ’37, 308–17; PFriesenhahn, Hellenistische Wortzahlenmystik, ’35).—DELG s.v. δέκα. DELG s.v. δέκα. M-M. TW.

διθάλασσος, ον (s. θάλασσα; Strabo 1, 1, 8; 2, 5, 22; Dio Chrys. 5, 9 [in the Syrtis]; Dionys. Perieget. 156; SibOr 5, 334) ‘with the sea on both sides’. τόπος δ. Ac 27:41 is a semantic unit signifying a point (of land jutting out with water on both sides); s. Warnecke, Romfahrt 86–90; for other explanations s. Breusing 202 ‘a reef’, based on Strabo 1, 1, 8; ‘sandbank’ AWeiser, Die Apostelgesch. ’85, 658 and 665, so also JRoloff, Die Apostelgesch. ’81, 357; ‘canal’ JSmith, The Voyage and Shipwreck of St. Paul⁴ 1880, 143; sim. HBalmer, D. Romfahrt des Ap. Pls 1905, 413ff; ‘a small strait’ FBrannigan, ThGl 25, ’33, 186. L-S-J-M ‘headland’; REB ‘cross-currents’. S. Haenchen ad loc.; for critique of H. and others s. Warnecke, loc. cit.

δίκαιος, αία, ον (s. δικαιοσύνη; Hom.+; loanw. in rabb.)

① pert. to being in accordance with high standards of rectitude, upright, just, fair

ⓐ of humans

α. In Gr-Rom. tradition a δ. pers. is one who upholds the customs and norms of behavior, including esp. public service, that make for a well-ordered, civilized society (Hom, Od. 6, 120f hospitality and fear of God mark an upright pers.; Dem. 3, 21 a δίκαιος πολίτης gives priority to the interest of the state). Such perspective opened a bridge to Greco-Romans for understanding of Jewish/Christian perspectives: e.g. the description of an eccl. overseer (w. σώφρων, ὅσιος) Tit 1:8. Both polytheistic and monotheistic societies closely associated uprightness, with special reference to behavior toward humans (cp. Pla., Rep. 4, 443; Aristot. EN 5, 1, 1129a-1130a), and piety in reference esp. to familial obligations and deity (Augustus enshrined the perspective, taking pride in being awarded a crown for his δικαιοσύνη and εὐσέβεια Res Gestae 34). In keeping with OT tradition, NT writers emphasize a connection between upright conduct and sense of responsibility to God; δ. like צַדִּיק=conforming to the laws of God and people. General definition ὁ ποιῶν τὴν δικαιοσύνην δ. ἐστιν one who does what is right, is righteous 1J 3:7; cp. Rv 22:11.—Ro 5:7. δικαίῳ νόμος οὐ κεῖται law does not apply to an upright person 1 Ti 1:9. οὐκ ἔστιν δίκαιος Ro 3:10 (cp. Eccl 7:20); δ. παρὰ τῷ θεῷ righteous in the sight of God Ro 2:13; δ. ἐναντίον τοῦ θεοῦ (Gen 7:1; Job 32:2) Lk 1:6. W. φοβούμενος τὸν θεόν of Cornelius Ac 10:22. W. εὐλαβής (Pla., Pol. 311ab ἤθη εὐλαβῆ κ. δίκαια, τὸ δικαιον κ. εὐλαβές) Lk 2:25. W. ἀγαθός (Kaibel 648, 10; Jos., Ant. 8, 248; 9, 132 ἀνὴρ ἀγ. κ. δίκ.; s. ἀγαθός 2aα) 23:50; ἀθῷος (Sus 53) 1 Cl 46:4; ὅσιος (En 103:9) 2 Cl 15:3; ταπεινός B 19:6. (ὡς δίκαιον καὶ ἀναμάρτητον Just., D. 47, 5). Serving God w. a pure heart makes one δ. 2 Cl 11:1. Hence the δίκαιοι=the just, the upright in a specif. Israelite-Christian sense Mt 13:43 (cp. Da 12:3 Theod.) Lk 1:17; 1 Pt 3:12 (Ps 33:16); 1 Cl 22:6 (Ps 33:16); 33:7; 45:3f; 48:3 (Ps 117:20); 2 Cl 6:9; 17:7; 20:3f; B 11:7 (Ps 1:5f); MPol 14:1; 17:1; also of those who only appear upright (cp. Pr 21:2) Mt 23:28; Lk 18:9; 20:20; specifically of Christians Mt 10:41; Ac 14:2 D; 1 Pt 4:18 (Pr 11:31); Hv 1, 4, 2. W. apostles MPol 19:2; cp. 1 Cl 5:2. Esp. of the righteous of the OT: πατέρες δ. 1 Cl 30:7. W. prophets Mt 13:17; 23:29 (perh. teachers: DHill, NTS 11, ’64/65, 296–302). Of Abel (Did., Gen. 181, 10) Mt 23:35 (construction with τοῦ αἵματος deserves consideration: GKilpatrick, BT 16, ’65, 119); Hb 11:4; Enoch 1 Cl 9:3; Lot 2 Pt 2:7f (Noah: Just., D. 20, 1; 138, 1; δίκαιοι καὶ πατριάρχαι ibid. 67, 7); John the Baptist (w. ἅγιος) Mk 6:20; δ. τετελειωμένοι just persons made perfect (i.e., who have died) Hb 12:23. Opp. ἄδικοι (Pr 17:15; 29:27; En 99:3; 100:7) Mt 5:45; Ac 24:15; 1 Pt 3:18; ἁμαρτωλοί (Ps 1:5; En 104:6 and 12; PsSol 2:34) Mt 9:13; Mk 2:17; Lk 5:32; 15:7; ἁμαρτωλοί and ἀσεβεῖς (Ps 1:5f) 1 Ti 1:9; 1 Pt 4:18 (Pr 11:31); πονηροί (Pr 11:15) Mt 13:49 (μοχθηροί Tat. 3, 2). W. regard to the Last Judgment, the one who stands the test is δ. righteous Mt 25:37, 46.—Ro 1:17 (s. ζάω 2bβ); Gal 3:11; Hb 10:38 (all three Hab 2:4; cp. Larfeld I 494); Ro 5:19. Resurrection of the just Lk 14:14; prayer Js 5:16; cp. 5:6 (1bβ below). Joseph, who is interested in doing the right thing honorable, just, good (Jos., Ant. 15, 106; Diod S 33, 5, 6 ἀνδρὸς εὐσεβοῦς κ. δικαίου; Conon [I B.C.–I A.D.]: 26 Fgm. 1, 17 Jac.; Galen CMG V/10, 3 p. 33, 13f [XVIII/1 p. 247 K.] ἄνδρες δ.) Mt 1:19 (w. connotation of ‘merciful’ DHill, ET 76, ’65, 133f; s. δικαιοσύνη 3b).

β. of things relating to human beings ἔργα 1J 3:12; αἷμα δ. (Jo 4:19; La 4:13=αἷμα δικαίου Pr 6:17, where αἷ. δίκαιον is a v.l.) blood of an upright, or better, an innocent man Mt 23:35 (s. 1bβ below), and esp. 27:4, where δ. is v.l. for ἀθῷον; AcPl Ha 11, 8; ψυχὴ δ. upright soul (cp. Pr 10:3; s. also GrBar 10:5) 2 Pt 2:8; πνεῦμα δ. upright spirit Hm 5, 2, 7; ἐντολή (w. ἁγία and ἀγαθή) Ro 7:12. κρίσις (Dt 16:18; Is 58:2; 2 Macc 9:18; 3 Macc 2:22; Jos., Ant. 9, 4) J 5:30; 7:24; 8:16 v.l.; 2 Th 1:5; B 20:2. Pl. Rv 16:7; 19:2. φύσει δικαίᾳ by an upright nature IEph 1:1 (Hdb. ad loc.; Orig., C. Cels. 5, 24, 8); ὁδὸς δ. (Vi. Aesopi I G 85 P. of the ‘right way’) 2 Cl 5:7; B 12:4; pl. Rv 15:3.

ⓑ of transcendent beings. Because of their privileged status as authority figures, the idea of fairness or equity is associated w. such entities (for δ. in the sense of ‘equitable’ in a very explicit form s. Strabo 4, 18, 7).

α. God (NRhizos, Καππαδοκικά 1856, p. 113: it is gener. assumed that deities are just or fair, but the attribute is esp. affirmed in an ins fr. Tyana Θεῷ δικαίῳ Μίθρᾳ.—JMordtmann, MAI 10, 1885, 11–14 has several exx. of ὅσιος κ. δίκαιος as adj. applied to gods in west Asia Minor.—δικ. of Isis: PRoussel, Les cultes égypt. à Delos 1916, p. 276.—Oft. in OT; Jos., Bell. 7, 323, Ant. 11, 55 [w. ἀληθινός]; Just., A II, 12, 6, D. 23, 2) just, righteous w. ref. to God’s judgment of people and nations κριτὴς δ. a righteous judge (Ps 7:12; 2 Macc 12:6; PsSol 9:2; cp. the description of Rhadamanthys, Pind., O. 2, 69) 2 Ti 4:8; δ. ἐν τοῖς κρίμασιν 1 Cl 27:1; 60:1; cp. 56:5 (Ps 140:5); πατὴρ δ. J 17:25; cp. Ro 3:26; 1J 2:29; cp. 3:7; ὁ θεὸς ὁ παντοκράτωρ δ. AcPlCor 2:12. W. ὅσιος (Ps 144:17; Dt 32:4) Rv 16:5. W. πιστός 1J 1:9.

β. of Jesus who, as the ideal of an upright pers. is called simply ὁ δ. the upright one (HDechent, D. ‘Gerechte’, Eine Bezeichnung für d. Messias: StKr 100, 1928, 439–43) Ac 7:52; 22:14; Mt 27:19, cp. 24 v.l.; 1J 2:1; 3:7b; Lk 23:47 (for Gr-Rom. associations in favor of upright, esp. in Lk 23:47 s. Danker, Benefactor ’82, 345f. GKilpatrick, JTS 42, ’41, 34–36, prefers innocent, so also Goodsp., Probs. 90f, but against this interp. s. RHanson, Hermathena 60, ’42, 74–78; RKarris, JBL 105, ’86, 65–74). W. ἅγιος Ac 3:14. On the qu. whether Js 5:6 applies to Jesus, s. KAland, TLZ ’44, 103 and MDibelius, Commentary (Hermeneia), ad loc. (but s. Greeven’s note in this comm. p. 240, 58: ‘perhaps a veiled, melancholy allusion to the death of James’).—Also of angels Hs 6, 3, 2.

② The neuter denotes that which is obligatory in view of certain requirements of justice, right, fair, equitable (Dio Chrys. 67 [17], 12; Jos., Ant. 15, 376; cp. Strabo 4, 18, 7; s. Larfeld I 494) δ. παρὰ θεῷ it is right in the sight of God 2 Th 1:6. Also δ. ἐνώπιον τοῦ θεοῦ Ac 4:19; δ. καὶ ὅσιον it is right and holy 1 Cl 14:1, pl. Phil 4:8; δ. ἐστιν it is right Eph 6:1; w. inf. foll. Phil 1:7; 1 Cl 21:4 (cp. Hyperid. 6, 14; PSI 442, 14 [III B.C.] οὐ δίκαιόν ἐστι οὕτως εἶναι; Sir 10:23; 2 Macc 9:12; 4 Macc 6:34); δ. ἡγοῦμαι I consider it right (Diod S 12, 45, 1 δ. ἡγοῦντο) 2 Pt 1:13; τὸ δ. (Appian, Bell. Civ. 4, 97 §409 τὸ δ.=the just cause; Arrian, Anab. 3, 27, 5; Polyb.; IMagnMai; SEG XLI, 625, 5; pap; 2 Macc 4:34; 10:12; 3 Macc 2:25; EpArist; Jos., Bell. 4, 340 Ant. 16, 158; το νῦν δ. Tat. 1, 3) what is right Lk 12:57. τὸ δ. παρέχεσθαι give what is right Col 4:1. ὸ̔ ἐὰν ᾖ δ. δώσω ὑμῖν whatever is right I will give you Mt 20:4 (Diod S 5, 71, 1 τὸ δίκαιον άλλήλοις διδόναι; 8, 25, 4). Abstract for concrete (Philipp. [=Demosth. 12] 23 μετὰ τοῦ δ.; Dio Chrys. 52 [69], 6 ἄνευ νόμου κ. δικαίου; Ael. Aristid, 46 p. 302 D.) τὸ δίκαιον ὀρθὴν ὁδὸν ἔχει uprightness goes the straight way Hm 6, 1, 2. Pl. (Diod S 15, 11, 1; 19, 85, 3; Appian, Samn. 11 §4 al.; Lucian, Dial. Mort. 30, 1; Jos., Ant. 19, 288; SibOr 3, 257; Just., A I, 68, 3 δ. ἀξιοῦν; D. 28, 4 φυλάσσει τὰ αἰώνια δ.) δίκαια βουλεύεσθαι have upright thoughts Hv 1, 1, 8 (cp. λαλεῖν Is 59:4; ἐκζητήσεται 1 Macc 7:12; κρίνειν Ar. 15, 4; Just., A II, 15, 5).—B. 1180. DELG s.v. δίκη. M-M. TW. Spicq. Sv.

Θυάτειρα (-ιρα), ων, τά (Polyb. 16, 1, 7; 32, 27, 10; Strabo 13, 4, 4; Ptolem. 5, 2, 14; Appian, Syr. 30 §150; ins. On the acc. in-αν Rv 1:11 v.l., s. B-D-F §57; Mlt-H. 128) Thyatira, a city in Lydia in Asia Minor, on the Lycus R. betw. Pergamum and Sardis, founded by Macedonian Greeks (s. Strabo loc. cit.; OGI 211 w. note 2). Its busy industrial life included notably the dyeing of purple cloth. There was in Th. a guild of dyers (βαφεῖς), the existence of which is attested by numerous ins (CIG 3497–98 [=IGR IV, 1213; 1265]; 3496; other ins in WBuckler, Monuments de Thyatire: Rev. de philol. 37, 1913, 289–331. Also the ins that the guild of purple-dyers in Thessalonica dedicated to a certain Menippus of Thyatira: LDuchesne and ChBayet, Mission au Mont Athos 1876, p. 52 no. 83). Ac 16:14; Rv 1:11; 2:18, 24.—EZiebarth, RhM 51, 1896, 632ff; AWikenhauser, Die Ap-Gesch. 1921, 410f (lit.); CHemer, The Letters to the Seven Churches of Asia in Their Local Setting ’86, 106–28 (for epigraphic sources, s. p. 244f); Kraft, Hdb. ’74, 67ff; BHHW III 1981; Pauly-W. VI/1, 657–59.—M-M.

καυστηριάζω (καυτήρ ‘burner’ Pind., P. 1, 95, also καυστήρ) pf. pass. ptc. κεκαυστηριασμένος (Strabo 5, 1, 9 ed. GKramer [1844] v.l.; Leontius 40 p. 79, 9; perh. BGU 952, 4.—καυτηριάζω in Hippiatr. 1, 28 vol. I p. 12, 4) ‘brand with a red-hot iron’ (Strabo), sear fig., pass. κεκαυστηριασμένων τὴν ἰδίαν συνείδησιν seared in their own consciences 1 Ti 4:2 (v.l. κεκαυτηριασμένων; schol. on Lucian 137, 11 Rabe is dependent on this; the imagery suggests crime published w. a branding mark on the perpetrator: Straub 20f).—DELG s.v. καίω 5. M-M. TW.

σύσσημον, ου, τό (σῆμα; συν-Tdf.; since Menand. [Per. 792 S.=362 Kö], as Phryn. p. 418 Lob. explains in rejecting the word; Diod S, Strabo, Plut., LXX; loanw. in rabb.)

① an action or gesture previously agreed upon as a signal, signal, sign (freq. in military context of someth. raised up Aeneas Tact. 223; Diod. Sic. 11, 22, 1; 19, 30, 1; a gilded shield 20, 51, 1; a special piece of headware Strabo 6, 3, 3) ς.=giving of a kiss to a potential victim Mk 14:44.—M-M. TW.

② a device used as a means of recognition or rallying point for members of a group, sign, token, standard, banner αἴρειν σύσσημον raise a sign ISm 1:2 (the idiom αἴρειν σύσσημον is freq. used in ref. to military action [s. pass. cited 1 above; s. also Is 5:26, to which Ignatius prob. alludes]. But our pass. focuses on corporate identity; s. Is 49:22).

τετραάρχης, ου, ὁ (some edd. spell it τετράρχης; on this s. B-D-F §124; W-S.§5, 24b; Mlt.-H. 63 al.) a petty prince dependent on Rome and with rank and authority lower than those of a king, tetrarch (Strabo, Joseph., ins: s. the reff. in Schürer I 333–35 n. 12. Also Plut., Anton. 942 [56, 7]; 943 [58, 11]; Polyaenus 8, 39), orig., ruler of the fourth part of a region (Strabo 12, 5, 1 [567]); later, when the orig. sense was wholly lost (Appian, Mithrid. 46 §178; 58 §236 there are more than four Galatian tetrarchs), title of a petty prince who ruled by courtesy of Rome. In our lit. Herod Antipas is given this title (as well as in OGI 416, 3; 417, 4; Jos., Ant. 17, 188; 18, 102; 109; 122) Mt 14:1; Lk 3:19; 9:7; Ac 13:1; ISm 1:2.—BNiese, RhM n.s. 38, 1883, 583ff; Pauly-W. 2, IV 1089–97; Kl. Pauly V 632f; BHHW III 1956f.—DELG s.v. ἀρχω C. M-M.

ἀποστεγάζω (s. στέγη) 1 aor. ἀπεστέγασα (in the sense ‘uncover’: Strabo; IG XII/3, 325, 30 [Thera, II A.D.]; Jer 49:10 Sym.; in the sense ‘cover’: Theoph., De Causis Plantarum 5, 6, 5; Aristot., Problemata 924a, 37) unroof τ. στέγην remove the roof Mk 2:4 (so Strabo 4, 4, 6 pass. of a custom of unroofing and roofing a temple on the same day; 8, 3, 30 of a statue of Zeus: if Z. stood up he would unroof the temple; Artem. 2, 36 p. 137, 26; SIG 852, 29f στοὰ … ἀπεστέγασται μὲν ὅλη).—S. lit. on στέγη.—DELG s.v. στέγω.

Ἰουδαία, ας, ἡ (יְהוּדָה; but the word is to be derived fr. Aram. יְהוּדַי; fr. the adj. Ἰουδαῖος with γῆ or χώρα supplied, as Philo, Leg. ad Gai. 281) ‘Judea’ (since Clearchus, the pupil of Aristotle: Fgm. 6 [ in Jos., C. Ap. 1, 179]; ins [Schürer II 1 n. 2]; PRyl 189, 5; LXX; Philo).

① the southern part of Palestine in contrast to Samaria, Galilee, Perea and Idumea, Judea (s. Mk 3:7f; Ac 9:31; so LXX and oft. Joseph., Just. Also Strabo 16, 2, 34 w. Galil. and Samar.) Mt 2:1, 5, 22; 3:1; 4:25; 24:16; Mk 3:7; 13:14; Lk 1:65; 2:4; 3:1; 5:17; 6:17; 21:21; J 4:3, 47, 54; 7:1, 3; 11:7; Ac 1:8; 8:1; 9:31; 12:19; 15:1; 21:10; 28:21; Ro 15:31; 2 Cor 1:16; Gal 1:22; AcPl Ha 8, 29f=BMM verso 2. Metaph. of the inhabitants Mt 3:5 (Ἰ. χώρα Mk 1:5; see Ἰουδαῖος 1).—Buhl 64–75; HGuthe, RE IX 556–85; XXIII 713f (lit.); BHHW II 901; YAharoni, The Land of the Bible² ’79; MStern, in CRINT I/1, 308–76.

② Judea, broadly understood as the region occupied by the people of Israel, Judea =‘land of the Judeans (Jews)’, i.e. Palestine (Nicol. Dam. [I B.C.]: 90 Fgm. 96 Jac. [in Jos., Ant. 14, 9]; Diod S 40, 3, 2; Strabo 16, 2, 34; Memnon [I B.C. / I A.D.]: 434 Fgm. 1, 18, 9 Jac.; Ptolem. 5, 16, 1; cp. 15, 6–8 and Apotelesmatica 2, 3, 29 and 31. Cass. Dio 37, 16; 47, 28; Tacitus, Hist. 5, 9, 1; LXX; EpArist 4 and12; Philo, Leg. ad Gai. 200; Joseph.; Just., D. 32, 4.—On the NT: ELevesque, Vivre et Penser 3, ’43/44, 104–11 denies the wider use) Lk 1:5; 4:44 (v.l. Γαλιλαίας, s. the entry, end); 7:17; 23:5; Ac 10:37; 11:1, 29; 1 Th 2:14. πᾶσα ἡ χώρα τῆς Ἰ. the whole Judean (Jewish) country Ac 26:20. εἰς τὰ ὅρια τῆς Ἰ. πέραν τοῦ Ἰορδάνου into the Judean (Jewish) territory beyond the Jordan Mt 19:1; cp. Mk 10:1. On the mention of Judea Ac 2:9 cp. the variants and conjectures in Nestle; EvDobschütz, ZWT 45, 1902, 407–10; Harnack, AG 1908, 65f; SKrauss, ZDPV 33, 1910, 225; OLagercrantz, Eranos 10, 1910, 58–60; LKöhler, ET 22, 1911, 230f. Also BZ 1, 1903, 219; 7, 1909, 219; 9, 1911, 218; ZNW 9, 1908, 253f; 255f; Haenchen ad loc.; TRE XXV 591–96.—OEANE III 253–57. M-M. EDNT. TW.

SM Strabo