-
21 твердый
(твёрдый)прил.hard ( не мягкий); solid ( не жидкий); firm, strong ( крепкий); firm перен. ( непоколебимый); steadfast ( стойкий); stable ( установленный)твердый духом человек — a steadfast/unflinching man
стать твердой ногой где-л. — to secure a firm footing somewhere
твердое задание — specified/definite task
твердое намерение — unwavering/steady/fixed purpose
твердое тело — физ. solid
твердое убеждение — strong/firm conviction
твердый согласный — лингв. hard consonant
•• -
22 κράτος
Grammatical information: n.Compounds: Often as 1. member, e. g. ἀ-κρατής `without strength, power (over others or over oneself)'; oppos. ἐγ-κρατής `having power over, controlling (oneself)' with ἐγκράτεια, - έω etc.; αὑτο-κρατής `having power over oneself, independent'; more usual αὑτο-κράτωρ `with unlimited power' (Ar., Th.); details in Debrunner FS Tɨèche (Bern 1947) 11f.; also - κρέτης in Aeol. and Arc. Cypr. PN, e. g. Σω-κρέτης.Derivatives: Beside κράτος, κρέτος there are several adjectives: 1. κρατύς `strong, powerful' (Hom.; only κρατὺς Άργεϊφόντης, verse-end) with κρατύνω, ep. also καρτ- `strengthen, conso;idate, rule' (Il.) with κρατυσμός `strenghtening', κρατυντήριος `id.', - τικός `id.' (medic.), κρατύντωρ `controller' ( PMag. Leid.). - 2. κρατερός (Il., A. Pr. 168, anap.), καρτερός (Il.) `id.' (IA.); also as 1. member, e.g. κρατερό-φρων (Il.). καρτερέω, also with prefix, e.g. δια-, `be steadfast, hold out, overcome onseself' (IA.) with καρτερία (Pl., X.), - ρησις (Pl.) `holding on, firmness', - ρικός (Att.); καρτερόω `strengthen' (Aq., Herm.). - 3. κραταιός `id.' (Il.), also as plant-name (Ps.-Dsc.; Strömberg Pflanzennamen 82); rarely as 1. member, e.g. κραταιό-φρων ( PMag.). With κραταιότης = κράτος (LXX), κραταιόω `strengthen' (LXX, NT) with κραταίωμα, - ωσις (LXX). Fem. κραταιίς (Od.; Schwyzer 385). - 4. Primary comparison: comp. κρείττων, (Atticising) κρείσσων with sec. - ει- for κρέσσων (Ion., Pi.); Dor. κάρρων, Cret. κάρτων; denomin. κρειττόομαι `have excrescences', with κρείττωσις (Thphr.). sup. κράτιστος, ep. κάρτ-, (Il.), with - τεύω `be the best, surpass' (Pi., Att.); -( ε)ία as title, `highness' (pap.). -- 5. Adv. κάρτα `in a high degree, very' (Ion. and trag.). - 6. As 1. member often κραται- ( καρται-), e.g. κραται-γύαλος `with strong breast-pieces' (T 361). Further Κρατι-, Καρτι- in PN, e.g. Κρατί-δημος, Καρτί-νικος; also Κρατ(ο)-, Κρατε- a. o. (Bechtel Hist. Personennamen 256). Hypocoristic short-names Κρατῖνος (Schwyzer 491, Chantraine Formation 205), Κρατύλος, Κράτυλλος (Leumann Glotta 32, 217 a. 225 A. 1), Κρατιεύς (Boßhardt Die Nom. auf - ευς 126). On Κρεσφόντης s. v. - 7. Verb: κρατέω (Il.), Aeol. κρετέω, aor. κρατῆσαι (posthom.), κρέτησαι (Sapph.), often with prefix, e.g. ἐπι-, κατα-, περι-, `controll, possess, rule, conquer'; with ( ἐπι- etc.) κράτησις `power, rule' (Th., LXX), ( δια-, ἐπι-) κρατητικός `controlling' (late), ( δια-)κράτημα `support, grip' (medic.); κρατητής `possessor' (Procl.); κρατῆρας τοὺς κρατοῦντας H. for κρατητῆρας (Lewy KZ 59, 182). But ἐγκρατέω from ἐγ-κρατής, ναυ-κρατέω, - τία from ναυ-κρατής etc.; s. above. καρταίνειν κρατεῖν H. -- 8. On κρατευταί s. v.Etymology: With the full grade in Aeol. κρέτος interchanges regularly the zero grade in κρατύς, κάρτα (on ρα: αρ Schwyzer 342). Through analogy arose both κράτος, κάρτος and the compp. κάρρων \< *κάρσ(σ)ων \< *κάρτι̯ων and κάρτων beside the old fullgrade κρέσσων \< *κρέτι̯ων; details in Seiler Steigerungsformen 53 ff. A zero grade of the σ-stem in κρέτος is supposed in Κρεσ-φόντης ( \< *Κρετσ-; Kretschmer Glotta 24, 237, Heubeck Beitr. z. Namenforsch. 5, 26). - The relation of the forms is not always clear. The adjective κρατερός, καρτερός may conrain a alternating ρ-stem (Benveniste Origines 17, Leumann Hom. Wörter 115), if it is not an analogical innovation to κράτος, κρατέω (e.g. Schwyzer 482). The form Κρατι-, Καρτι-, which appears only in PN, will not be old (like e.g. in κυδι-άνειρα: κῦδος), but rest on analogy (after Άλκι-, Καλλι- a. o.; Frisk Nom. 70). On κάρτα cf. e.g. τάχα, ἅμα. The 1. member κραται- may have been built after παλαι- a. o.; and κραταιός after παλαιός? (cf. Schwyzer 448). Diff. Risch 117: κραταιός back formation to κραταιή for *κράταια, fem. to κρατύς ( Πλαταιαί: πλατύς). Also κρατέω is discussed. Against the obvious explanation as denominative of κράτος (Schwyzer 724; κρατῆσαι only posthom.) see Leumann Hom. Wörter 113ff.; he assumes in κρατέω a backformation to ἐπικρατέω from ἐπι-κρατής (Hom. only adv. ἐπικρατέως). Again diff. Specht KZ 62, 35 ff. - An exact agreement to κράτος etc. is not found. Close are Skt. krátu- m. `power, mind, will', Av. xratu- m. `id.'. The objections that the Indo-Ir. word indicates primarily spiritual qualities ar refuted by OE cræft ` Kraft, physical strength, power', also `insight, craft etc.'. The Germanic word for `hard', Got. hardus etc., which is usually adduced, differs in vowel (IE *kortú- against *kr̥tú- to * kret-). - Cf. Mayrhofer KEWA s. krátuh.Page in Frisk: 2,8-10Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κράτος
-
23 धर्म
dhárma1) m. (rarely n. gaṇa ardharcâ̱di;
the older form of the RV. is dhárman q.v.) that which is established orᅠ firm, steadfast decree, statute, ordinance, law;
usage, practice, customary observance orᅠ prescribed conduct, duty;
right, justice (often as a synonym of punishment);
virtue, morality, religion, religious merit, good works ( dhármeṇa orᅠ - māt ind. according to right orᅠ rule, rightly, justly, according to the nature of anything;
cf. below;
mesthita mfn. holding to the law, doing one's duty) AV. etc. etc.;
Law orᅠ Justice personified (as Indra ṠBr. etc.;
as Yama MBh. ;
as born from the right breast of Yama andᅠ father of Ṡama, Kāma andᅠ Harsha ib. ;
as Vishṇu Hariv. ;
as Prajā-pati andᅠ son-in-law of Daksha Hariv. Mn. etc.;
as one of the attendants of the Sun L. ;
as a Bull Mn. VIII, 16 ;
as a Dove Kathās. VII, 89, etc..);
the law orᅠ doctrine of Buddhism (as distinguished from the sañgha orᅠ monastic order MWB. 70);
the ethical precepts of Buddhism ( orᅠ the principal dharma called sūsra, as distinguished from the abhi-dharma orᅠ, further dharma andᅠ from the vinaya orᅠ discipline, these three constituting the canon of Southern Buddhism MWB. 61);
the law of Northern Buddhism (in 9 canonical scriptures,
viz. Prajñā-pāramitā, Gaṇḍa-vyūha, Daṡa-bhūmîṡvara, Samadhirāja, Laṇkâvatāra, Saddharma-puṇḍarika, Tathagata-guhyaka, Lalita-vistara, Suvarṇa-prabhāsa, ib. 69);
nature, character, peculiar condition orᅠ essential quality, property, mark, peculiarity (= sva-bhāva L. ;
cf. daṡa-dh-gata ṠBr. etc. etc.;
upamānôpameyayordh-, the tertium comparationis Pāṇ. 2-1, 55 Sch.);
a partic. ceremony MBh. XIV, 2623 ;
sacrifice L. ;
the ninth mansion Var. ;
an Upanishad. L. ;
associating with the virtuous L. ;
religious abstraction, devotion L. ;
= upamā L. (cf. above);
a bow Dharmaṡ. ;
a Soma-drinker L. ;
N. of the 15th Arhat of the present Ava-sarpiṇī L. ;
of a son of Anu andᅠ father of Ghṛita Hariv. ;
of a son of Gāndhāra andᅠ father of Dhṛita Pur. ;
of a son of Haihaya andᅠ father of Netra BhP. ;
of a son of Pṛithu-ṡravas andᅠ of Uṡanas ib. ;
of a son of Su-vrata VP. (cf. dharma-sūtra);
of a son of Dīrgha-tapas, Vāyup. ;
of a king of Kaṡmīra, Rāj. IV, 678 ;
of another man ib. VII, 85 ;
of a lexicographer etc. ( alsoᅠ - paṇḍita, - bhaṭṭa andᅠ - ṡāstrin) Cat. ;
+ Cf. Lat. firmus,
Lith. dermé
dharma2) Nom. P. - mati, to become, law Vop. ;
3) in comp. for - man q.v.
- धर्मकञ्चुक
- धर्मकथक
- धर्मकथा
- धर्मकरोपाध्याय
- धर्मकर्मन्
- धर्मकाङ्क्षिणी
- धर्मकाण्ड
- धर्मकाम
- धर्मकाय
- धर्मकार
- धर्मकारण
- धर्मकार्य
- धर्मकाल
- धर्मकीर्ति
- धर्मकील
- धर्मकूट
- धर्मकूप
- धर्मकृच्छ्र
- धर्मकृत्
- धर्मक्रित्य
- धर्मकेतु
- धर्मकोश
- धर्मकोष
- धर्मकोशव्याख्या
- धर्मक्रिया
- धर्मक्षेत्र
- धर्मखण्ड
- धर्मगञ्ज
- धर्मगवेष
- धर्मगहनाभ्युद्गतराज
- धर्मगुप्
- धर्मगुप्त
- धर्मगोप
- धर्मघट
- धर्मघोष
- धर्मघ्न
- धर्मचक्र
- धर्मचक्षुस्
- धर्मचन्द्र
- धर्मचर
- धर्मचरण
- धर्मचर्या
- धर्मचारिन्
- धर्मचिन्तक
- धर्मचिन्तन
- धर्मचिन्ता
- धर्मचिन्तिन्
- धर्मच्छल
- धर्मज
- धर्मजन्मन्
- धर्मञिज्ञासा
- धर्मजीवन
- धर्मज्ञ
- धर्मज्ञान
- धर्मतत्त्व
- धर्मतन्त्र
- धर्मतस्
- धर्मता
- धर्मतीर्थ
- धर्मत्याग
- धर्मत्रात
- धर्मत्व
- धर्मद
- धर्मदक्षिणा
- धर्मदत्त
- धर्मदर्शन
- धर्मदर्शिन्
- धर्मदान
- धर्मदार
- धर्मदास
- धर्मदिन्ना
- धर्मदीप
- धर्मदीपिका
- धर्मदुघा
- धर्मदृढाभेद्यसुनिलम्ब्ब
- धर्मदृश्
- धर्मदृष्टि
- धर्मदेव
- धर्मदेशक
- धर्मदेशना
- धर्मदोग्ध्री
- धर्मद्रवी
- धर्मद्रुह्
- धर्मद्रोण
- धर्मद्रोहिन्
- धर्मद्वार
- धर्मद्वेषिन्
- धर्मद्वैतनिर्णय
- धर्मधर
- धर्मधातु
- धर्मधात्री
- धर्मधारय
- धर्मधुर्य
- धर्मधृक्
- धर्मधृत्
- धर्मधेनु
- धर्मध्वज
- धर्मनद
- धर्मनन्दन
- धर्मनन्दिन्
- धर्मनाथ
- धर्मनाभ
- धर्मनाशा
- धर्मनित्य
- धर्मनिबन्ध
- धर्मनिवेश
- धर्मनिष्ठ
- धर्मनिष्पत्ति
- धर्मनेत्र
- धर्मंदद
- धर्मपञ्चविंशतिका
- धर्मपट्ट
- धर्मपट्टन
- धर्मपति
- धर्मपत्तन
- धर्मपत्त्र
- धर्मपत्नी
- धर्मपथ
- धर्मपथिन्
- धर्मपर
- धर्मपरायण
- धर्मपरिक्षा
- धर्मपर्याय
- धर्मपाठक
- धर्मपाल
- धर्मपाश
- धर्मपीठ
- धर्मपीडा
- धर्मपुत्र
- धर्मपुर
- धर्मपुरस्कार
- धर्मपुराण
- धर्मपूत
- धर्मप्रकाश
- धर्मप्रचार
- धर्मप्रतिरूपक
- धर्मप्रदीप
- धर्मप्रधान
- धर्मप्रभास
- धर्मप्रमाणपरिच्छेद
- धर्मप्रवक्त्रि
- धर्मप्रवचन
- धर्मप्रवृत्ति
- धर्मप्रश्न
- धर्मप्रस्थ
- धर्मप्रिय
- धर्मप्रेक्ष
- धर्मप्लव
- धर्मबल
- धर्मबाणिजिक
- धर्मबाह्य
- धर्मबिन्दु
- धर्मबुद्धि
- धर्मभगिनी
- धर्मभग्न
- धर्मभागिन्
- धर्मभाणक
- धर्मभिक्षुक
- धर्मभीरु
- धर्मभृत्
- धर्मभृत
- धर्मभ्रातृ
- धर्ममति
- धर्ममय
- धर्ममहामात्र
- धर्ममात्र
- धर्ममार्ग
- धर्ममित्र
- धर्ममीमांसा
- धर्ममूल
- धर्ममृज्
- धर्ममेघ
- धर्ममेरु
- धर्मयज्ञ
- धर्मयशस्
- धर्मयुक्त
- धर्मयुग
- धर्मयुज्
- धर्मयुद्ध
- धर्मयोगेश्वर
- धर्मयोनि
- धर्मरक्षिता
- धर्मरत
- धर्मरति
- धर्मरत्न
- धर्मरथ
- धर्मरसायन
- धर्मरहस्य
- धर्मराज्
- धर्मराज
- धर्मराजन्
- धर्मराजिका
- धर्मरात्री
- धर्मरुचि
- धर्मरोधिन्
- धर्मलक्षण
- धर्मलोप
- धर्मवत्
- धर्मवत्सल
- धर्मवर्तिन्
- धर्मवर्धन
- धर्मवर्मन्
- धर्मवसुप्रद
- धर्मवाचस्पति
- धर्मवाणिजक
- धर्मवाणिजिक
- धर्मवाणिज्यक
- धर्मवाद
- धर्मवासर
- धर्मवाह
- धर्मवाहन
- धर्मवाह्य
- धर्मविचार
- धर्मविजय
- धर्मविद्
- धर्मविद्या
- धर्मविधर्मन्
- धर्मविधि
- धर्मविप्लव
- धर्मविरोधवत्
- धर्मविवरण
- धर्मविव्रिति
- धर्मविवर्धन
- धर्मविवेक
- धर्मविवेचन
- धर्मवृत्ति
- धर्मवृद्ध
- धर्मवैतंसिक
- धर्मव्यतिक्रम
- धर्मव्यवस्था
- धर्मव्याध
- धर्मशरीर
- धर्मशर्मन्
- धर्मसाटप्रतिच्छन्न
- धर्मशाला
- धर्मशासन
- धर्मशास्त्र
- धर्मसास्त्रिन्
- धर्मशील
- धर्मशुद्धि
- धर्मशेरवण
- धर्मश्रेष्ठिन्
- धर्मसंयुक्त
- धर्मसंसृत
- धर्मसंहिता
- धर्मसंकथा
- धर्मसङ्ग
- धर्मसंगर
- धर्मसंगीति
- धर्मसंग्रह
- धर्मसंचय
- धर्मसंज्ञ
- धर्मसत्यव्रत
- धर्मसत्यव्रतेयु
- संतानसू
- धर्मसभा
- धर्मसमय
- धर्मसम्प्रदायदीपिका
- धर्मसहाय
- धर्मसागर
- धर्मसांकथ्य
- धर्मसाधन
- धर्मसार
- धर्मसारथि
- धर्मसावर्णि
- धर्मसावर्णिक
- धर्मसिंह
- धर्मसिन्धु
- धर्मसुत
- धर्मसुबोधिनी
- धर्मसू
- धर्मसूक्त
- धर्मसूत्र
- धर्मसेतु
- धर्मसेन
- धर्मसेवन
- धर्मस्कन्ध
- धर्मस्थ
- धर्मस्थल
- धर्मस्थविर
- धर्मस्थितिता
- धर्मस्थूणाराज
- धर्मस्मारक
- धर्मस्मृति
- धर्मस्वामिन्
- धर्महन्तृ
- धर्महानि
- धर्महीन
-
24 धर्मन्
dharmánm. bearer, supporter, arranger RV. ;
N. of a son of Bṛihad-rāja andᅠ father of Kṛitaṃ-jaya VP. ;
(dhâ̱rman) n. (older than dhárma q.v., in later language mostly ifc.;
cf. below) support, prop, hold RV. VS. ;
established order of things, steadfast decree (of a god, esp. of Mitra-Varuṇa), any arrangement orᅠ disposition;
will, pleasure;
law, rule, duty;
practice, custom, mode, manner ( dhármaṇā, - mabhis;
- maṇaspári in regular order, naturally;
svāyadharmaṇe at one's own pleasure;
dharmaṇi with the permission of, ádhidh- against the will of <gen.>) RV. AV. VS. ;
(esp. ifc.) nature, quality, characteristic mark orᅠ attribute ṠBr. (cf. an-ucchitti-) MBh. (cf. uñcha- <add.>, kshatra-, phala-, phena.) Var. (cf. dasyu- <add.>) Kap. (cf. cid-dh- <add.>) Kāv. (cf. vināṡa-.)
- 1
- 2
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Apostasy in Christianity — Judas betrays Jesus with a kiss. Judas Iscariot, one of the Twelve Apostles, became an apostate.[1] Apostasy in Christianity refers to the rejection of Christianity by someone who formerly was a Christian. The term apostasy comes from the Greek… … Wikipedia
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GOD — IN THE BIBLE The Bible is not a single book, but a collection of volumes composed by different authors living in various countries over a period of more than a millennium. In these circumstances, divergencies of emphasis (cf. Kings with… … Encyclopedia of Judaism
Mardil Voronwë — Tolkien s legendarium character Aliases The Good Steward , The Steadfast , The Faithful, First Ruling Steward of Gondor Race Man (Middle earth) Book(s) The Peopl … Wikipedia