state+land

- accepting station
- access station
- aerodynamic broadcast station
- affiliated station
- airborne decameter radio station
- Alcatel station
- all-mine telephone station
- amplifying station
- analog switching station
- analog-digital station
- analytical photogrammetric station
- automatic trunk station
- background station
- backhaul station
- backlogged station
- balanced station
- base station
- base-airborne station
- base-radio station
- BB-switching back-to-back station
- BB-switching end terminal station
- BB-switching n-way branching station
- beacon station
- boat-radio station
- booster station
- broadcasting node station
- broadcasting station
- broadcasting-satellite space station
- buffer station
- callers-telephone station
- car-subscriber station
- CB station
- central fire-alarm station
- central station
- central-searching station
- channel station
- channel-attached station
- civil band station
- class-A station
- class-B station
- class-C station
- class-D station
- coastal Earth station
- coastal station
- coastal terrestrial radio station
- commercial radio station
- communication relay station
- compact hand station
- computerized data exchange station
- container terrestrial station
- control station
- control-measuring station
- converted-base station
- crossing station
- data station
- data-transmission station
- destination station
- digital communication station
- digital photogrammetic station
- digital switching station
- digital terminal station
- display station
- diving telephone station
- drift station
- Earth station
- electronic mobile station
- emergency frequency station
- emergency-position indicating radiobeacon station
- emergency-radio station
- exchange-service station
- feeder-amplifier station
- fifth generation radio station
- fifth-class mobile station
- first-class mobile station
- fixed control station
- fixed station
- fixed-frequency station
- fixed-microwave auxiliary station
- FM-broadcasting station
- forwarding station
- four-course radio-range station
- fourth class mobile station
- fourth-generation radio station
- gate station
- graphic station
- ground station
- ground wireless station
- head wagon radio station
- head-end station
- heavy mobile station
- helicopter radio station
- hydroacoustic station
- IF drop insertion station
- IF repeating branching station
- IF repeating through station
- IF repeating TV drop insertion station
- image station
- industrial-communication station
- inquiry station
- integrated station
- intercom station
- interfered radio station
- interferencing radio station
- intermediate station
- intradepartment-communication center station
- land mobile station
- land station
- life-raft radio station
- light-weight mobile station
- line station
- line waterside USB-station
- line-network station
- locomotive radio station
- loudspeaking-communication station
- low-power television frequency station
- magnetic-tape station
- main station
- major relay station
- managing-radio station
- manual-trunk station
- master station
- media command station
- media control station
- meter-band station
- microwave repeating station
- microwave station
- minor-relay station
- mobile-Earth station
- mobile-radio station
- mobile-television station
- mobile-tropospheric station
- movable radio station
- multiband station
- municipal radio station
- network station
- newsroom station
- nodal coastal radio station
- nodal-communication station
- nonmagnetic diving station
- nonserviced repeater station
- on-board station
- operative-communication station
- passive station
- physical station
- piezoelectric batteryless station
- pipeline control USB-station
- play station
- pole-mounted station
- portable radio station
- portable relay station
- primary station
- priority mobile station
- rack-mounted station
- radio station
- radio-beacon monitor station
- radio-beacon station
- radiodirection-finder station
- radio-positioning land station
- radio-positioning mobile station
- radio-range station
- radiosonde station
- radiotelegraph station
- radiotelephone station
- railway radio station
- reading station
- readout station
- receiving-earth station
- regenerating station
- relay station
- remote feeding station
- remote forwarding station
- remote monitoring station
- repeater station
- reserve terrestrial radio station
- retransmitting station
- road station
- rural-subscriber station
- satellite station
- second class mobile station
- secondary station
- sectional communication center station
- semistationary terrestrial station
- sensing station
- serviced station
- serviced-repeater station
- ship-Earth station
- ship-radio station
- six-channel relay transmission station
- slave station
- solar radio station
- source station
- spark-safe radio station
- standard frequency-and-time signal station
- state radio station
- state relay station
- stationary relay station
- stationary station
- stationary terrestrial station
- subcontrol station
- subscriber station
- subscription station
- supervised station
- switching station
- tail wagon radio station
- telecode communication station
- telegraph station
- telemetering station
- telephone-and-telegraph station
- television pickup station
- temporary fire communiation station
- terminal communication station
- terminal exchange station
- terminal network station
- terminal telegraph station
- terrestrial ship radio station
- terrestrial station
- terrestrial terminal station
- terrestrial-coastal station
- third class mobile station
- three-wire diving station
- toll station
- train communication station
- transfer station
- transmitting Earth station
- transport station
- transportable earth station
- tributary station
- tropospheric communication station
- trunk telephone station
- TV-transmitting station
- ultra-short-band station
- underground terminal station
- unified diving station
- unmanned station
- USB-station
- user station
- videotex station
- wall-mounted station
- working station

- accrued tax
- accumulated-earnings tax
- accumulated profits tax
- ad valorem tax
- advance tax
- advance corporate tax
- advertising tax
- alcohol tax
- alcoholic beverage tax
- amusement tax
- annual tax
- assessed tax
- average tax
- back tax
- bequest tax
- beverage tax
- bill tax
- bills of exchange tax
- budgeted taxes
- building tax
- business tax
- capital tax
- capital acquisition tax
- capital gains tax
- capital transactions tax
- capital transfer tax
- capital yield tax
- capitation tax
- car tax
- cargo tax
- cascade tax
- chain-store tax
- company income tax
- compensating tax
- complementary tax
- concession tax
- consumption tax
- conveyance tax
- corporate tax
- corporate income tax
- corporate profit tax
- corporation tax
- corporation income tax
- court taxes
- death tax
- death and gift tax
- defence tax
- deferred taxes
- deferred income taxes
- degressive tax
- delinquent tax
- direct tax
- discriminatory tax
- dividend withholding tax
- documentary stamp tax
- domestic tax
- donor's tax
- double tax
- earned income tax
- employment tax
- entertainment taxes
- environmental tax
- equalization tax
- estate tax
- excessive tax
- excess profits tax
- exchange tax
- excise tax
- export tax
- federal tax
- fixed assets tax
- flat tax
- flat rate tax
- foreign exchange tax
- foreign trade tax
- foreign withholding tax
- franchise tax
- gambling tax
- gasoline tax
- general property tax
- general sales tax
- gift tax
- graded tax
- graduated tax
- graduated income tax
- graduated poll tax
- green tax
- gross income tax
- gross profits tax
- gross receipts tax
- head tax
- hidden tax
- highway tax
- immovable property tax
- immovable property gains tax
- immovable property transfer tax
- import tax
- import equalization tax
- import turnover tax
- imposed tax
- income tax
- income tax on corporations
- income tax on individuals
- income tax on shareholders
- indirect tax
- industrial and commercial profits tax
- inheritance tax
- insurance tax
- land tax
- land-value tax
- legacy tax
- legal entity tax
- licence tax
- liquor tax
- local taxes
- long-term capital gains tax
- lump-sum tax
- luxury tax
- matured tax
- maximum tax
- minimum tax
- mortgage tax
- motor vehicle tax
- multiple stages tax
- multistage cumulative turnover tax
- municipal taxes
- national tax
- negative income tax
- net wealth tax
- net worth tax
- normal tax
- nuisance tax
- occupational tax
- oil tax
- one-time tax
- oppressive taxes
- outlay taxes
- output tax
- pay-as-you-earn tax
- pay-as-you-go tax
- payroll tax
- penalty tax
- per capita tax
- personal property tax
- poll tax
- pollution tax
- premium taxes
- profits tax
- progressive tax
- prohibitive tax
- property tax
- proportional tax
- provincial tax
- provisional tax
- public tax
- purchase tax
- pyramidal tax
- real estate tax
- real property tax
- real property transfer tax
- realty transfer tax
- receipts tax
- regressive tax
- remittance tax
- repressive tax
- resource tax
- retail sales tax
- retained profits tax
- revaluation tax
- revenue tax
- road taxes
- sales tax
- sales and turnover tax
- schedular tax
- securities tax
- security tax
- self-employment tax
- separate tax
- service tax
- severance tax
- short-term capital gains tax
- sin tax
- single tax
- social security tax
- specific tax
- spendings tax
- stamp tax
- state tax
- state excise taxes
- stock exchange turnover tax
- stockhoder's tax
- stock transfer tax
- sumptuary tax
- supplementary tax
- tonnage tax
- trade tax
- transaction tax
- transfer tax
- turnover tax
- underlying tax
- undistributed profit tax
- unpaid tax
- use tax
- value-added tax
- wage tax
- wealth tax
- wholesale sale tax
- windfall profits tax
- withholding tax
- withholding tax on dividends
- withholding tax on savings
- tax at source
- tax in kind
- tax on cargo
- tax on corporation
- tax on dividends
- tax on excess profits
- tax on gross receipts
- tax on gross revenue
- tax on importation
- tax on the income
- tax on inheritance
- tax on interest income
- tax on international transactions
- tax on land
- tax on motor vehicles
- tax on patents
- tax on personal income
- tax on profits
- tax on purchase of a motor vehicle
- tax on savings
- tax on stock exchange dealings
- tax on trade
- tax chargeable on the income
- tax due
- taxes levied at a flat rate
- tax payable
- tax withheld
- after taxes
- before taxes
- exempt from taxes
- free of taxes
- liable to tax
- subject to tax
- abate a tax
- abolish a tax
- apply taxes
- assess a tax
- be exempt from taxes
- be liable to tax
- calculate tax on profits
- charge a tax
- collect taxes
- compute a tax
- cut down taxes
- decrease taxes
- deduct taxes
- deduct taxes at source
- defer taxes
- dodge taxes
- evade taxes
- exempt from taxes
- impose a tax
- increase taxes
- kick against taxes
- lay a tax
- levy a tax
- lower a tax
- pay a tax
- raise taxes
- rebate a tax
- recover a tax
- reduce taxes
- reform taxes
- relieve from taxes
- remit taxes to appropriate authorities
- withhold taxes
- tax abatement
- tax accruals
- tax arrears
- tax assessment form
- tax audit
- tax bracket
- tax declaration
- tax delinquency
- tax divide
- tax fraud
- tax offence
- tax rate
- tax rebate
- tax receipts
- tax return
- tax roll
- tax status
- tax treatment
- tax yield
- tax at source
- tax capital gains
- tax capital gains realized on the disposal of immovable property
- tax income

abandon the takeoff abeam the left pilot position abeam the right pilot position abort the flight abort the takeoff above the glide slope absorb the shock energy accelerate the rotor accelerate to the speed adhere to the flight plan adhere to the track adjust the cable adjust the compass adjust the engine adjust the heading advice to follow the controller's advance affect the regularity affect the safety align the aircraft align the aircraft with the center line align the aircraft with the runway alter the heading amplify the signal apparent drift of the gyro apply the brake approach the beam approve the limitations approve the tariff area of coverage of the forecasts arrest the development of the stall arrive over the aerodrome assess the damage assess the distance assess the suitability assume the control attain the power attain the speed at the end of at the end of segment (полета) at the end of stroke (поршня) at the ground level at the start of cycle at the start of segment (полета) avoid the obstacle backward movement of the stick balance the aircraft balance the control surface balance the propeller bear on the accident before the turbine below the glide slope below the landing minima bend the cotterpin ends be off the track be on the level on the hour block the brake boundary of the area brake the propeller break the journey bring the aircraft back bring the aircraft out by altering the heading cage the gyroscope calibrate the compass calibrate the indicator calibrate the system calibrate the tank cancel the drift cancel the flight cancel the forecast cancel the signal capture the beam carry out a circuit of the aerodrome carry out the flight center the autopilot center the wiper change the frequency change the pitch change the track check the reading chop the power circle the aerodrome clean the aircraft clean up the crack clearance of the aircraft clearance over the threshold clear for the left-hand turn clear the aircraft clear the obstacle clear the point clear the runway climb on the course close the buckets close the circuit close the flight come clear of the ground commence the flight commence the landing procedure compare the readings compensate the compass compensate the error compile the accident report complete the circuit complete the flight complete the flight plan complete the turn compute the visual range conditions beyond the experience conditions on the route considering the obstacles construct the procedure containerize the cargo continue operating on the fuel reserve continue the flight continue the takeoff contribute towards the safety control the aircraft control the pitch convert the frequency convey the information correct the trouble correspond with the operating minima counteract the rotor torque coverage of the chart cover the route crosscheck the readings cross the airway data on the performance decelerate in the flight decelerate the aircraft to decrease the deviation decrease the pitch decrease the speed de-energize the bus define the failure deflate the tire deflect the control surface (напр. элерон) delay the turn delimit the runway delimit the taxiway delineate the runway delineate the taxiway deliver the baggage deliver the clearance denote the obstacle denoting the obstacle depart from the rules departure from the standards depress the pedal detach the load detach the wing determinate the cause determine amount of the error determine the delay determine the extent of damage determine the friction determine the sign of deviation detract from the safety development of the stall deviate from the flight plan deviate from the glide slope deviate from the heading deviation from the course deviation from the level flight discharge the cargo disclose the fares discontinue the takeoff disengage the autopilot displace the center-of-gravity disregard the indicator disseminate the forecast drain the tank draw the conclusion drift off the course drift off the heading drop the nose duck below the glide path ease the aircraft on effect adversely the strength (напр. фюзеляжа) elevation of the strip eliminate the cause of eliminate the hazard eliminate the ice formation eliminate the source of danger (для воздушного движения) enable the aircraft to endanger the aircraft endange the safety endorse the license energize the bus enforce rules of the air engage the autopilot ensure the adequate provisions enter the aircraft enter the aircraft stand enter the airway enter the final approach track enter the spin enter the tariff into force enter the traffic circuit enter the turn entry into the aerodrome zone entry into the flare erection of the gyro establish the characteristics establish the flight conditions establish the procedure exceeding the stalling angle exceed the stop execute the manoeuvre execute the turn expedite the clearance express the altitude extend the agreement extend the landing gear extend the legs extreme aft the center-of-gravity extreme forward the center-of-gravity eye height over the threshold fail into the spin fail to follow the procedure fail to observe the limitations fail to provide the manuals fall into the spin feather the propeller file the flight plan first freedom of the air flight inbound the station flight outbound the station flight over the high seas flight under the rules fly above the weather fly at the altitude fly into the sun fly into the wind fly on the autopilot fly on the course fly on the heading fly the aircraft 2. пилотировать воздушное судно fly the beam fly the circle fly the glide-slope beam fly the great circle fly the heading fly the rhumb line fly under the autopilot fly under the supervision of focus the light follow the beam follow the glide slope follow up the aircraft forfeit the reservation freedom of the air fuel the tank fulfil the conditions gain the air supremacy gain the altitude gain the glide path gain the power gain the speed gather the speed get into the aerodrome get on the course get the height give the way go out of the spin govern the application govern the flight govern the operation grade of the pilot licence guard the frequency handle the baggage handle the flight controls have the runway in sight head the aircraft into wind hold on the heading hold over the aids hold over the beacon hold the aircraft on the heading hold the brake hold the heading on the compass hold the position hold the speed accurately hover at the height of hovering in the ground effect identify the aerodrome from the air identify the aircraft identify the center line impair the operation impair the safety impose the limitations in computing the fuel in conformity with the specifications increase a camber of the profile increase the pitch increase the speed indicate the location from the air inherent in the aircraft initiate the turn install in the aircraft install on the aircraft intercept the beam intercept the glide slope International Relations Department of the Ministry of Civil Aviation interpretation of the signal in the case of delay in the event of a mishap in the event of malfunction introduction of the corrections issue the certificate jeopardize the flight judge the safety keep clear of the aircraft keep out of the way keep tab on the fleet keep the aircraft on keep the altitude keep the ball centered keep the pace keep to the minima kick off the drift kill the landing speed landing off the aerodrome land into the wind land the aircraft latch the pitch stop (лопасти воздушного винта) latch the propeller flight stop lateral the center-of-gravity lay the route lead in the aircraft lead out the aircraft leave the airspace leave the altitude leave the plane leave the runway level the aircraft out lie beyond the range line up the aircraft load the gear load the generator load the structure lock the landing gear lock the landing gear down lock the landing gear up lock the legs longitudinal the center-of-gravity lose the altitude lose the speed loss the control lower the landing gear lower the legs lower the nose wheel maintain the aircraft at readiness to maintain the altitude maintain the course maintain the flight level maintain the flight procedure maintain the flight watch maintain the flying speed maintain the heading maintain the parameter make a complaint against the company make the aircraft airborne make the course change make the reservation manipulate the flight controls mark the obstacle mean scale of the chart meet the airworthiness standards meet the conditions meet the specifications misjudge the distance modify the flight plan monitor the flight monitor the frequency moor the aircraft mount on the frame move off from the rest move the blades to higher move the pedal forward name-code of the route neglect the indicator note the instrument readings note the time observe the conditions observe the instruments observe the readings obtain the correct path obtain the flying speed obtain the forecast offer the capacity off-load the pump on the base leg on the beam on the cross-wind leg on the down-wind leg on the eastbound leg on the final leg on the left base leg on the speed on the upwind leg open the buckets open the circuit open the door inward outward operate from the aerodrome operate under the conditions overcome the obstacle overcome the spring force overflying the runway overpower the autopilot overrun the runway overshoot capture of the glide slope over the territory over the top over the wing park in the baggage participation in the investigation passing over the runway pass the signal past the turbine perform the service bulletin pick up the signal pick up the speed pilot on the controls pitch the nose downward place the aircraft place the flaps in plane of symmetry of the aeroplane plot the aircraft potential hazard to the safe power the bus present the minimum hazard preserve the clearance pressurize the bearing produce the signal profitability over the route prolongation of the rating properly identify the aircraft protect the circuit prove the system pull out of the spin pull the aircraft out of pull the control column back pull the control stick back pull up the helicopter puncture the tire push the aircraft back push the aircraft down push the control column push the control stick put into the spin put on the course put the aircraft into production put the aircraft on the course put the aircraft over raise the landing gear reach the altitude reach the flight level reach the glide path reach the speed reach the stalling angle read the drift angle read the instruments receive the signal record the readings recover from the spin recover from the turn recovery from the manoeuvre recovery from the stall recovery from the turn rectify the compass reduce the hazard reestablish the track regain the glide path regain the speed regain the track register the aircraft release the aircraft release the landing gear release the landing gear lock release the load release the uplock relocate the plane's trim remedy the defect remedy the trouble remove the aircraft remove the crack remove the tangle render the certificate renew the license renew the rating replan the flight report reaching the altitude report reaching the flight level report the heading reset the gyroscope restart the engine in flight restore the system restrict the operations resume the flight resume the journey retain the lever retract the landing gear return the aircraft to service reverse the propeller roll in the aircraft roll into the turn roll left on the heading roll on the aircraft roll on the course roll out of the turn roll out on the heading roll out the aircraft roll right on the heading rotate the aircraft rotate the bogie rules of the air run fluid through the system run off the runway run out the landing gear schedule the performances seat the brush second freedom of the air secure the mishap site select the course select the flight route select the frequency select the heading select the mode select the track angle separate the aircraft serve out the service life set at the desired angle set the course set the flaps at set the heading set the propeller pitch set the throttle lever set up the speed shift the center-of-gravity shop out the skin simulate the instruments responses slacken the cable slave the gyroscope smooth on the heading smooth out the crack smooth out the dent smooth the signal space the aircraft spin the gyro rotor state instituting the investigation (авиационного происшествия) state submitting the report (об авиационном происшествии) steady airflow about the wing steer the aircraft stop the crack propagation stop the leakage submit the flight plan substitute the aircraft supervision approved by the State supply the signal swing the compass swing the door open switch to the autopilot switch to the proper tank takeoff into the wind take off power to the shaft take over the control take the bearing take the energy from take the readings take the taxiway take up the backlash take up the position tap air from the compressor terminate the agreement terminate the control terminate the flight test in the wind tunnel test the system the aircraft under command the route to be flown the route to be followed the runway is clear the runway is not clear the search is terminated through on the same flight throughout the service life tighten the turn time in the air time the valves titl of the gyro to define the airspace transfer the control transit to the climb speed trim the aircraft turn into the wind turn off the system turn on the system turn the proper tank on unarm the system uncage the gyroscope unfeather the propeller unlatch the landing gear unlatch the pitch stop (лопасти воздушного винта) unstall the aircraft unstick the aircraft uplift the freight violate the law wander off the course warn the aircraft wind the generator with decrease in the altitude withdraw from the agreement with increase in the altitude within the frame of within the range withstand the load work on the aircraft write down the readings

[ˊdʒɔ:rdʒɪǝ] Джорджия, штат на Юге США <назв. в честь короля Англии Георга [George II] (1683—1760)>. Сокращение: *GA. Прозвища: «имперский штат Юга» [*Empire State of the South], «страна южных янки» [Yankee Land of the South], «арахисовый штат» [Peanut State], «штат белой бедноты» [Cracker State], «штат стервятников» [Buzzard State]. Житель штата: Georgian. Столица: г. Атланта [*Atlanta I]. Девиз: «Мудрость, справедливость и умеренность» [*‘Wisdom, justice and moderation']. Песня: «Джорджия в сердце моём» [‘Georgia on my mind’]. Цветок: роза гладкая [Cherokee rose]. Дерево: виргинский дуб [live oak]. Птица: коричневый певчий дрозд [brown thrasher]. Площадь: 150000 кв. км (57,919 sq. mi.) (21- е место). Население (1992): 6,7 млн. (11- е место). Крупнейшие города: Атланта [*Atlanta I], Колумбус [Columbus], Мейкон [Macon], Саванна [Savannah]. Экономика. Основные отрасли: обрабатывающая промышленность, лесное хозяйство, сельское хозяйство, химическая промышленность. Основная продукция: текстиль, транспортное оборудование, продукты питания, одежда, бумага и изделия из дерева, продукция химической промышленности, мрамор, изделия из стекла и керамики. Сельское хозяйство. Основные культуры: арахис, хлопок, кукуруза, соя, табак, луговые травы. Животноводство (1991): скота — 1,4 млн., свиней — 1,1 млн., птицы — 8,8 млн. Лесное хозяйство: сосна, твёрдодревесные породы. Минералы: каолин, бокситы. Рыболовство (1986): на 24,5 млн. долл. История. Первые поселения были основаны ген. Джеймсом Оглторпом [Oglethorpe, James] в 1733 для бедных и подвергающихся религиозным преследованиям англичан. Оглторп разгромил испанские войска, вторгшиеся из Флориды, у Блади- Марша [Bloody Marsh] в 1742. Во время Войны за независимость жители колонии захватили арсенал в Саванне в 1775 и отправили оружие американской армии; они вели партизанские действия против английских войск ген. Корнуоллиса [Cornwallis], дважды освобождая Огасту [Augusta], и в конце концов вынудили англичан к эвакуации из Саванны в 1782. Достопримечательности: «Маленький Белый дом» в Уорм-Спринге, где 12 апреля 1945 скончался президент Франклин Д. Рузвельт [*Roosevelt, Franklin D.]; сады Коллауэй [Callaway Gardens]; парк- заповедник Джекилл-Айленд; реставрированная деревня 1850-х гг. Уэствилл [Westville]; Алпайн- Хелен [Alpine Helen], крошечный городок в горах, превращённый в альпийскую деревню; посёлок Далонега [Dahlonega], связанный с первой в истории США золотой лихорадкой; гора Стоун- Маунтин [Stone Mountain] и «Шесть флагов над Джорджией» [Six Flags over Georgia]; парк на месте Андерсонвиллской тюрьмы и мемориальное кладбище Андерсонвилл [Andersonville Prison Park and National Cemetery]; места сражений Гражданской войны Чикамога [Chickamauga] и Чаттануга [Chattanooga]; Музей ВВС; Окефеноки [Okefenokee] в юго-восточной части штата является одним из самых больших болот в США, значительную его часть занимает национальный заповедник для пернатых, аллигаторов, медведей и оленей. Наиболее известные личности, связанные со штатом Джорджия: Аарон, Ханк [*Aaron, Henry (Hank)], бейсболист; Колдуэлл, Эрскин [*Caldwell, Erskine], писатель; Картер, Джимми ( Джеймс) [*Carter, Jimmie], 39-й президент США; Кобб, Тай ( Тайрус) [*Cobb, Ty], бейсболист; Фремонт, Джон [*Fremont, John C.], исследователь Дальнего Запада; Харрис, Джоэл [*Harris, Joel Chandler], писатель; Кинг, Мартин Лютер [*King, Martin Luther], борец за гражданские права негров; Митчелл, Маргарет [*Mitchell, Margaret], писательница; Робинсон, Джеки [*Robinson, Jackie], бейсболист. Ассоциации: оплот южан во время Гражданской войны, штат подвергся опустошительному разрушению, когда армия северян под командованием ген. Шермана совершила свой марш через Джорджию [‘March Through Georgia']; наиболее развитый в экономическом отношении штат Юга США по традиции ассоциируется с белой беднотой [*‘Cracker State'], «библейским поясом» [*Bible Belt], арахисом [*Peanut State]; быстро растущую Атланту иногда называют «южным Чикаго» [*‘Chicago of the South']

[ˏpensɪlˊveɪnjǝ] Пенсильвания, штат на Северо-Востоке США <*Penn + sylvania лат. лесная страна>. Полное назв.: Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. Сокращение: PA. Прозвища: «штат замкового камня» [*Keystone State], «квакерский штат» [*Quaker State], «страна Уильяма Пенна» [*Land of William Penn], «угольный штат» [*Coal State], «нефтяной штат» [*Oil State], «стальной штат» [*Steel State]. Житель штата: пенсильванец [Pennsylvanian]. Столица: г. Гаррисберг [Harrisburg]. Девиз: «Добродетель, свобода и независимость» [*‘Virtue, liberty and independence’]. Цветок: горный лавр [mountain laurel]. Птица: куропатка [ruffed grouse]. Дерево: гемлок/тсуга, хвойное вечнозелёное дерево семейства сосновых [hemlock]. Насекомое: светлячок [firefly]. Животное: большой датский дог [Great Dane]. Площадь: 116083 кв. км. (44,820 sq. mi.) (32- е место). Население (1992): 12 млн. (5- е место). Крупнейшие города: Филадельфия [*Philadelphia], Питсбург [*Pittsburgh], Эри [Erie], Аллентаун [Allentown]. Экономика. Основные отрасли: сталелитейная промышленность, металлообработка, машиностроение, туризм, радиоэлектроника, химическая промышленность, медицина, швейная промышленность, пищевая промышленность и сельское хозяйство. Основная промышленная продукция: металл, металлоизделия, продовольствие, машины, электромеханизмы, электроника, пластмассы, кирпич и др. строительные материалы. Сельское хозяйство. Основные культуры: кукуруза, грибы, яблоки, картофель, озимая пшеница, овёс, фуражные травы, овощи, табак, виноград. Животноводство (1985): скота — 1,96 млн., свиней — 800 тыс., овец — 88 тыс., птицы — 22,5 млн. Лесное хозяйство: сосна, дуб, клён. Минералы: уголь, железо, цемент, щебень, известь, строительный песок и гравий. Рыболовство (1992): на 395 тыс. долл. История. Первым европейским поселением была шведская колония (1643), захваченная вскоре голландцами (1655), а затем англичанами (1664). В 1681 территория в уплату королевского долга была передана квакеру Уильяму Пенну [*Penn, William]. К началу Войны за независимость крупнейший город штата — «город братской любви» — Филадельфия [*Philadelphia] славился как центр культуры и просвещения, где жил и работал Бенджамин Франклин. Во время Войны за независимость и в 1790—1800 гг. Филадельфия была столицей США. Суровую и трудную зиму 1777—78 гг. войска Вашингтона провели в Валли-Фордже [Valley Forge] в Пенсильвании. Декларация независимости (1776) и Конституция США (1787) были приняты в Филадельфии. В наст. время Пенсильвания — один из наиболее экономически развитых штатов, где ведущее место занимает тяжёлая промышленность (1-е место по выплавке чугуна и стали, 2-е по добыче угля). Высоко развиты машиностроение, химическая, нефтеперерабатыающая, лёгкая промышленность. Филадельфия — второй по значению морской порт страны. Достопримечательности: места, связанные с провозглашением независимости США [Independence National Historical Park in Philadelphia]; Музей науки института Франклина [Franklin Institute Science Museum]; Филадельфийский художественный музей [*Philadelphia Art Museum]; военные мемориалы: Геттисберг [Gettysburg National Military Park], Валли-Фордж [Valley Forge National Historic Park], район так называемых «пенсильванских немцев» [*Pennsylvania Dutch region]; ферма Эйзенхауэра [*Eisenhower farm] вблизи Геттисберга; Хёрши [*Hershey], пригород Филадельфии, где находятся предприятия известной компании по производству шоколада; Институт Карнеги [*Carnegie Institute] в Питсбурге; спортивные базы в горах Поконо [Pokono Mts.]; ущелье реки Пайн-Крик [Pine Creek River Gorge]; Аллеганские горы [*Alleghenies]; парк Лорел-Хайлендс [Laurel Highlands] и о-в а Преск [Presque Isle]. Знаменитые пенсильванцы: Бьюкенен, Джеймс [*Buchanan, James], 15-й президент США; Карнеги, Эндрю [*Carnegie, Andrew], промышленник и филантроп; Фостер, Стивен [*Foster, Stephen], автор популярных песен; Франклин, Бенджамин [*Franklin, Benjamin], учёный, дипломат, государственный деятель; Маршалл, Джордж [*Marshall, George], генерал и госсекретарь; Меллон, Эндрю [*Mellon, Andrew], финансист и филантроп; Пири, Роберт [*Peary, Robert], адмирал, полярный исследователь; Росс, Бетси [*Ross, Betsy], швея, сшившая первый американский флаг. Ассоциации: «страна Уильяма Пенна» [*William Penn’s country]; вотчина квакеров [*Quaker State]; Филадельфия — «город братской любви» [*City of Brotherly Love], первая столица США; провозглашение независимости [*Independence Hall, *Liberty Bell]; Бенджамин Франклин [*Franklin, Benjamin, the Philadelphia lawyer]; высшее общество [high society] и могущественная масонская ложа [Masonic Lodge]; сталелитейные заводы Питсбурга [*Smoky City] и угольные шахты [Coal Country]; необычайные вкрапления в американскую действительность патриархального уклада «пенсильванских немцев» [*Pennsylvania Dutch, *Amish]

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