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1 DWELLING
(noun) mar (mard-) (home), also már; DWELLING (adj) \#farnë (a pl form? Sg farna? Only attested in the compound orofarnë "mountain-dwelling". Note: farnë is also the pa.t. of farya- "suffice", as well as a noun "foliage"); DWELLING-PLACE nórë (land, region where certain people live, nation, native land, family); DWELLING UNDERGROUND hróta (artificial cave, rockhewn hall). The word ambar, usually translated "world", is also associated with "home, dwelling" in one source. –VT45:33, 46:13, cf. LT1:251, LotR:505 cf. Letters:224, VT47:6, NDOR, PM:365, VT46:13 -
2 TRESPASS
(noun) \#úcarë (isolated from úcaremmar "our sins/trespasses"; verb úcar- "to sin, trespass" (pl. aorist úcarer, úcarir attested). The noun \#úcarë was the word used in Tolkien's final version of the Quenya Lord's Prayer; a draft version has \#rohta (pl. rohtar) = "trespass" or "debt". Compare TRESPASSERS \#rohtalië or \#ruhtalië (i.e. "trespass-people", incorporating lië "people"?) from the same source. For other words for "trespasser" or "debtor", see DEBTOR. –VT43:19, 21 -
3 FINGER
(noun) leper (pl. leperi given). In an earlier source, the Etymologies, Tolkien gave the Quenya word for "finger" as lepsë (possibly with stem lepsi-, as indicated by the deleted ancestral form lepti, see VT45:27). The term ortil (ortill-, pl. ortilli given), "up-point", is also used for "finger". Special words for the various fingers, see THUMB, INDEX FINGER/FIRST FINGER, MIDDLE FINGER, FOURTH FINGER, LITTLE FINGER. Adj. FINGERED \#lepta (isolated from raccalepta "clawfingered") PICK (UP, OUT) WITH THE FINGERS or FEEL WITH FINGERTIPS lepta- –VT44:16/VT45:27/VT47:10 14, 24, LEP, SD:68, 72 (vb) lepta- (feel with fingertips; to pick up/out with the fingers) –VT44:16, VT47:10, 25 -
4 FLOURISH
(noun) rincë (stem *rinci-) (quick stroke) –RIK, VT46:11 (the latter source indicating that the proper reading is "quick stroke", not "quick shake" as in the Etymologies as printed in LR) -
5 STINK
(noun, = *"stench") holwë, STINKING *holwëa (given as "olwea" in source; see Quenya-English wordlist for further discussion of why the form with initial h- may be preferred) –PE13:162, 145 -
6 BOW
(vb) luhta- (Note: a homophone means "enchant"), \#caw- (cited in source as cawin "I bow", 1st pers. aorist; in Tolkien's later conception it would be difficult to account for w in this position, and we should perhaps read *cav- with pa.t. *canwë); BOW (noun) quinga, cú (also = crescent Moon), lúva, cúnë (crescent); RAINBOW helyanwë ("sky-bridge"), Ilweran, Ilweranta (LT2:348 has iluquinga "sky-bow", but this word was obsoleted when Tolkien changed the meaning of ilu from "sky" to "universe".) BOWLEGGED quingatelco (So it is translated, but this must really be a noun: "bow-leg" [quinga + telco]. No Quenya adjectives end in –o, unless this is the only one. Read *quingatelca for "bow-legged"? Cf. one of the other words from the same source, sincahonda, changed from sincahondo in an earlier draft – but at that time Tolkien had already omitted quingatelco and hence did not change its ending: See SD:72.) –VT47:35, LT1:257, SD 68, 72, KWIG, KU3, LT1:256, LotR:1154, LT1:271 -
7 EVIL
(adj.) ulca (see also WICKED), úmëa (but in a later source, the latter is said to mean "abundant, swarming, teaming"), úra (nasty), EVILEYED henulca; EVIL-SMELLING saura (Þ) (foul, putrid) – in one attested compound also \#sauri-; see FOUL. EVIL as noun: ulco (stem ulcu- as in the ablative ulcullo; pl. "evils" presumably *ulqui; another version of the relevant text uses úro as the noun "evil"; the adj. ulca is also seemingly used as noun in a sentence apparently meaning “if one speaks evil”, VT49:19). FREE FROM EVIL aman (see BLESSED). –VT49:14, VT43:23-24, SD:68, 72, UGU, THUS, VT43:23-24, WJ:399 -
8 WATCH
(vb) \#tir- (cited in source as tirin "I watch", 1st pers. aorist), also attested as pa.t. tirnë, imperative tira and fut. tiruva is attested (the last is translated "shall heed" in the source), WATCH-TOWER tirion; WATCH (noun) tirissë, also short tiris, tiriss- (vigil) –TIR, VT47:31, MC:222 cf. 215, LT1:258, QL:93, LT1:268 -
9 WED
verya-; the verb is intransitive and the person wedded appears in the allative (veryanen senna *”I married him/her”, compare English “get married to”). The word verya- also means “dare”, but since this is transitive and would always be followed by a direct object, the two verbs can be distinguished. – Transitive verta- means “to give in marriage” or “to take as husband or wife” (to oneself). In an earlier source, Tolkien gave the verb “to wed” as vesta-. Noun WEDDING veryanwë (going with verya- and verta-); in an earlier source, Tolkien gave this word as vestalë. Veryanwë is also attested with pronominal suffixes: veryanwesta, genitive veryanwesto “(of) your wedding”, with a dual form of “your”; also veryanweldo with a plural “your”. –VT49:45, BES, WED -
10 FIRST
minya (cf. Minyar "Firsts", the first clan among the Elves), inga (this is also a noun "top"), *yesta (but this is a noun “beginning” according to a later source, PE17:120), FIRSTBORN (= the Elves) Minnónar, sg. \#Minnóna. (*Yesta is emended from the actual reading esta; see BEGINNING. For FIRSTBORN, Etym has Estanessi, which would similarly become *Yestanessi, but this word is propably obsoleted by the later [TLT] form Minnónar. Writers should use the latter word.) FIRST-BEGOTTEN Minyon (a personal name. The element yon, translated "begotten", may be a reduced form of yondo "son". Alternatively, and perhaps more likely, Minyon may be the adjective minya "first" turned into a masculine name by adding the masculine ending -on. In that case, the literal meaning is simply *"First One". But it is possible that on is actually derived from the stem ONO "beget", and that "First-begotten" really is the literal meaning.) FIRST FINGER lepetas (evidently lepetass-) (index finger), also tassa –MIN/Silm:434/WJ:420, ING, ESE, WJ:403, VT47:10, VT48:5 -
11 FAT
(adj.) tiuca (thick), lárëa (rich); GROW FAT tiuya- (swell). FAT (noun) lar (also used = riches), larma (the latter possibly "pig-fat"; the first part of the gloss is not certainly legible in Tolkien's manuscript. Another gloss of larma is "flesh"; in a later source a similar word is used for “raiment”.) –TIW, VT45:26 -
12 FATE
umbar (umbart-) (doom; the form amarto in LT2:348 could be obsolete, but ambar from the same source may be a valid word also in LotR-style Quenya – see DOOM), marto (fortune, lot); manar, mandë (doom, final end, fortune [usually = final bliss]); FATED marta (which adjective also seems to be the noun "fate" in later sources; see VT45:33, VT46:13). *LIGHT-FATED calambar –MBARAT/LotR:1157, MANAD, VT45:33/VT46:12, VT49:41, 42 -
13 FLY
(verb) \#wil- (cited in source as wilin "I fly", 1st pers. aorist), pa.t. willë (cf. wili- "sail, float, fly" in LT1:273). In exilic Quenya, read v- for w- in these words. FLY TO (i.e. "escape to") \#ruc- (+ allative, e.g. *rucin i orontinnar "I fly to the mountains"; the verb ruc- otherwise means "fear", constructed with "from" of the object feared); FLY OR STREAM IN THE WIND hlapu- (part. hlápula is attested), FLYING rimpa (rushing); SEND FLYING horta- –WIL, VT44:7, MC:223, RIP, KHOR (noun) pí (small insect) –VT47:35 -
14 LETTER
tengwa (pl. tengwar is attested; this word was used primarily of the Fëanorian letters. However, the term "Tengwar of Rúmil" occurring in LotR:1151 seems to indicate that the word tengwa can indeed be used of a letter of any kind, not only the Fëanorian letters. In non-technical use tengwa may also be translated "consonant" [q.v.]. It is uncertain whether tengwa "letter" can be used in the sense mail, text sent in the post; the primary meaning is clearly "character, a single symbol in writing".) The noun tengwa is also the source of the verb tengwa- “read”. – Another word for “letter” is sarat (pl. sarati is attested) – an older [MET] word Tolkien notes was used of "a 'letter' or any individual significant mark", used of the Rúmilian letters after the invention of the Fëanorian Tengwar (but cf. the term "Tengwar of Rúmil" mentioned above). –TEK, WJ:396, VT49:48, LotR:1151 -
15 PIERCING
maica (sharp), terevë (fine, acute), laica (keen, sharp, acute). (The printed Etymologies has a final –e instead of –a, but according to VT45:25 this is a misreading. A word laike = laicë does appear in the source, but this is the noun corresponding to laica: "acuteness, keenness of perception". The conceptual validity of both laica and laicë with these meanings may however be questioned, since laica is the adjective "green" in later sources: laicë would then be expected to mean *"greenness".) FINE PIERCED HOLE terra –Silm:434, LT1:255, LT2:337, LAIK, VT46:18 -
16 READ
tengwa- (verb denominated from tengwa “letter”), conjugated in many forms in source: aorist [teng]wa, present [teng]wëa, past [teng]wanë, perfect e[teng]wië; READING (verbal noun) tengwië (also attested with suffixes: tengwiesto “of your [dual] reading”). –VT49:47-48, 54 -
17 SNOW
lossë (spesifically "fallen snow", also adjective "snow-white"; †olos, †olossë. Etym also gives niquë, but this word is obsoleted by a statement in WJ:417: "nique does not refer to snow, but to cold". This statement may obsolete niquetil "snowcap" in LT1:266. Is niquis "snow" from the same source a valid word? GL:35 has fáwë "snow" and fauta "it snows".) LIGHT SNOW is, SNOW-WHITE lossë (which may also be the noun "snow"), SNOWDROP nieninquë (lit. "white tear") –RGEO:69, GOLÓS, NIK-W-, NEI, LT1:256, LT1:262/266 -
18 TASTE
(vb) \#tyav- (cited in source as tyavin "I taste", 1st pers. aorist); TASTE (noun) tyávë (pl. tyáver is attested in the compound lámatyáver "sound-tastes"; see SOUND-TASTE.) –KYAB, MR:215 -
19 WRITE
\#tec- (3rd pers. aorist tecë is given); noun WRITING sarmë (in the Etymologies also tengwë, but in a later source this word is said to mean "indication, sign, token", and this meaning may be predominant in Tolkien's later Quenya; pl tengwi is attested); WRITING SYSTEM tencelë (spelling); WRITINGS parma (book) –VT39:8, TEK cf. WJ:394, 395, LT2:346
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