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21 electrolyte
N1. विद्युत\electrolyteअपघट्यThe salt solution is an example of electrolyte. -
22 produce
b. ( = bring out) [+ gift, gun] sortir ; [+ ticket, documents, witness] produirec. ( = cause) causer3. noun━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━✦ Lorsque produce est un verbe, l'accent tombe sur la deuxième syllabe: prəˈdju:s, lorsque c'est un nom, sur la première: ˈprɒdju:s.* * *1. ['prɒdjuːs], US [-duːs]noun [U] produits mpl2. [prə'djuːs], US [-'duːs]transitive verb1) ( cause) gen, Biology produire [result, effect, plant]; provoquer [reaction, change]2) Agriculture, Industry [region, farmer, company] produire ( from à partir de); [worker, machine] fabriquer3) (generate, create) produire [heat, sound, energy]; rapporter [gains, profits, returns]4) ( present) produire [passport, report]; fournir [evidence, argument, example]to produce something from — sortir quelque chose de [pocket, bag]
5) Cinema, Music, Radio, Television produire [show, film]; GB Theatre mettre [quelque chose] en scène [play]6) ( put together) préparer [meal]; mettre au point [argument, timetable, package, solution]; éditer [brochure, guide] -
23 brilliant
['brɪlɪənt] 1. сущ.1) бриллиантSyn:2) полигр. диамант2. прил.1) искрящийся, блестящий, сверкающийSyn:2) замечательный, примечательный, отличительный3) блестящий, выдающийся, замечательный ( о человеке)It was brilliant of him to find a solution so quickly. — Здорово, что он так быстро нашёл решение.
Syn: -
24 ideal
1. n идеал2. n верх совершенства, образец, идеалhe is the very ideal of a friend — лучшего друга, чем он, не найти
3. n филос. идеальное, совершенное4. a идеальный, отличный, совершенный, превосходный5. a воображаемый, абстрактный, мысленный6. a нереальный, неосуществимый7. a филос. идеалистическийСинонимический ряд:1. abstract (adj.) abstract; hypothetical; theoretical; transcendent; transcendental2. conceptual (adj.) conceptual; ideational; notional3. flawless (adj.) flawless; indefectible4. imaginary (adj.) chimerical; fanciful; fantastic; illusory; imaginary; impractical; unreal; visionary5. perfect (adj.) absolute; complete; consummate; exemplary; model; perfect; supreme; ultimate; very6. typical (adj.) archetypal; classic; classical; fitting; paradigmatic; prototypal; prototypical; quintessential; representative; suitable; typical7. goal (noun) aim; goal; intention; object; objective; target8. ideals (noun) ideals; mores; scruples9. longing (noun) aspiration; dream; longing10. model (noun) archetype; beau ideal; conception; ensample; epitome; example; exemplar; mirror; model; paradigm; pattern; phenomenon; prototype; standard; type11. paragon (noun) jewel; nonesuch; nonpareil; paragon; phoenixАнтонимический ряд:common; commonplace; historical; imperfect; material; mean; ordinary; palpable; physical; practical; pragmatic; real; substantial -
25 singular
1. n грам. единственное число2. n грам. слово в единственном числе3. n грам. редк. отдельный человек или предмет4. a исключительный, необыкновенный, замечательный5. a странный, необычный, своеобразный6. a единственный; единичный7. a спец. особый, сингулярный, исключительныйСинонимический ряд:1. exceptional (adj.) exceptional; extraordinary; phenomenal; remarkable; uncustomary; unimaginable; unordinary; unthinkable; unusual; unwonted2. only (adj.) alone; lone; only; solitary; solo; unexampled; unrepeatable3. several (adj.) individual; particular; respective; several4. strange (adj.) bizarre; curious; eccentric; erratic; freakish; funny; idiosyncratic; novel; odd; oddball; outlandish; peculiar; quaint; queer; quirky; rummy; strange; surprising; uncouth; unnatural; weird5. unique (adj.) discrete; rare; separate; single; sole; uncommon; uniqueАнтонимический ряд:common; customary; familiar; frequent; general; habitual; normal; numerous; ordinary; plural; regular; typical; usual -
26 standard
1. n знамя, флаг, штандарт2. n стандарт, норма; образец3. n уровень4. n моральные и социальные нормыhe has no standards — он не понимает, что хорошо и что плохо
5. n критерий6. n эталон, единица измерения7. n денежный стандартbe below the standard — быть ниже нормы; быть ниже стандарта
8. n тех. нормаль; нормативdiscretionary standard — дискреционная, диспозитивная норма
contractual standard — норматив, предусмотренный договором
standard output — производственная норма; норма выработки
9. n проба10. n класс11. n разг. рост12. n средний размер; размер для стандартной фигуры13. n непременный номер в программе14. a нормальный, стандартный, соответствующий установленному образцу15. a общепринятый, нормативный, образцовый16. a образцовый, классический; выдержавший проверку временем17. a средний, нормальныйstandard fitting — средний размер ; размер для стандартной фигуры
18. a отвечающий санитарному стандартуabove the standard — быть выше нормы; быть выше стандарта
19. n стойка; подставка; опора20. n амер. столб21. n тех. стояк22. n тех. воен. станина; опорная сошка23. n тех. штамбовое растение24. n тех. лес. подрост25. n тех. бот. флаг, парус26. a стоячий27. a штамбовыйСинонимический ряд:1. official (adj.) authoritative; conclusive; official; sanctioned2. regular (adj.) approved; average; basic; conventional; normal; orthodox; regular; regulation; routine; sample; stock; typical3. assize (noun) assize4. basis (noun) archetype; basis; beau ideal; benchmark; criterion; ensample; example; exemplar; gauge; ideal; mark; measure; mirror; model; paradigm; pattern; phenomenon; requirement; rule; sample; test; touchstone; yardstick5. flag (noun) banderole; banner; bannerol; burgee; color; colours; emblem; ensign; flag; gonfalon; gonfanon; jack; oriflamme; pendant; pennant; pennon; streamer; symbol6. norm (noun) norm; ordinary; usual7. support (noun) bar; rod; support; timber; uprightАнтонимический ряд: -
27 Economy
Portugal's economy, under the influence of the European Economic Community (EEC), and later with the assistance of the European Union (EU), grew rapidly in 1985-86; through 1992, the average annual growth was 4-5 percent. While such growth rates did not last into the late 1990s, portions of Portugal's society achieved unprecedented prosperity, although poverty remained entrenched. It is important, however, to place this current growth, which includes some not altogether desirable developments, in historical perspective. On at least three occasions in this century, Portugal's economy has experienced severe dislocation and instability: during the turbulent First Republic (1911-25); during the Estado Novo, when the world Depression came into play (1930-39); and during the aftermath of the Revolution of 25 April, 1974. At other periods, and even during the Estado Novo, there were eras of relatively steady growth and development, despite the fact that Portugal's weak economy lagged behind industrialized Western Europe's economies, perhaps more than Prime Minister Antônio de Oliveira Salazar wished to admit to the public or to foreigners.For a number of reasons, Portugal's backward economy underwent considerable growth and development following the beginning of the colonial wars in Africa in early 1961. Recent research findings suggest that, contrary to the "stagnation thesis" that states that the Estado Novo economy during the last 14 years of its existence experienced little or no growth, there were important changes, policy shifts, structural evolution, and impressive growth rates. In fact, the average annual gross domestic product (GDP) growth rate (1961-74) was about 7 percent. The war in Africa was one significant factor in the post-1961 economic changes. The new costs of finance and spending on the military and police actions in the African and Asian empires in 1961 and thereafter forced changes in economic policy.Starting in 1963-64, the relatively closed economy was opened up to foreign investment, and Lisbon began to use deficit financing and more borrowing at home and abroad. Increased foreign investment, residence, and technical and military assistance also had effects on economic growth and development. Salazar's government moved toward greater trade and integration with various international bodies by signing agreements with the European Free Trade Association and several international finance groups. New multinational corporations began to operate in the country, along with foreign-based banks. Meanwhile, foreign tourism increased massively from the early 1960s on, and the tourism industry experienced unprecedented expansion. By 1973-74, Portugal received more than 8 million tourists annually for the first time.Under Prime Minister Marcello Caetano, other important economic changes occurred. High annual economic growth rates continued until the world energy crisis inflation and a recession hit Portugal in 1973. Caetano's system, through new development plans, modernized aspects of the agricultural, industrial, and service sectors and linked reform in education with plans for social change. It also introduced cadres of forward-looking technocrats at various levels. The general motto of Caetano's version of the Estado Novo was "Evolution with Continuity," but he was unable to solve the key problems, which were more political and social than economic. As the boom period went "bust" in 1973-74, and growth slowed greatly, it became clear that Caetano and his governing circle had no way out of the African wars and could find no easy compromise solution to the need to democratize Portugal's restive society. The economic background of the Revolution of 25 April 1974 was a severe energy shortage caused by the world energy crisis and Arab oil boycott, as well as high general inflation, increasing debts from the African wars, and a weakening currency. While the regime prescribed greater Portuguese investment in Africa, in fact Portuguese businesses were increasingly investing outside of the escudo area in Western Europe and the United States.During the two years of political and social turmoil following the Revolution of 25 April 1974, the economy weakened. Production, income, reserves, and annual growth fell drastically during 1974-76. Amidst labor-management conflict, there was a burst of strikes, and income and productivity plummeted. Ironically, one factor that cushioned the economic impact of the revolution was the significant gold reserve supply that the Estado Novo had accumulated, principally during Salazar's years. Another factor was emigration from Portugal and the former colonies in Africa, which to a degree reduced pressures for employment. The sudden infusion of more than 600,000 refugees from Africa did increase the unemployment rate, which in 1975 was 10-15 percent. But, by 1990, the unemployment rate was down to about 5-6 percent.After 1985, Portugal's economy experienced high growth rates again, which averaged 4-5 percent through 1992. Substantial economic assistance from the EEC and individual countries such as the United States, as well as the political stability and administrative continuity that derived from majority Social Democratic Party (PSD) governments starting in mid-1987, supported new growth and development in the EEC's second poorest country. With rapid infrastruc-tural change and some unregulated development, Portugal's leaders harbored a justifiable concern that a fragile environment and ecology were under new, unacceptable pressures. Among other improvements in the standard of living since 1974 was an increase in per capita income. By 1991, the average minimum monthly wage was about 40,000 escudos, and per capita income was about $5,000 per annum. By the end of the 20th century, despite continuing poverty at several levels in Portugal, Portugal's economy had made significant progress. In the space of 15 years, Portugal had halved the large gap in living standards between itself and the remainder of the EU. For example, when Portugal joined the EU in 1986, its GDP, in terms of purchasing power-parity, was only 53 percent of the EU average. By 2000, Portugal's GDP had reached 75 percent of the EU average, a considerable achievement. Whether Portugal could narrow this gap even further in a reasonable amount of time remained a sensitive question in Lisbon. Besides structural poverty and the fact that, in 2006, the EU largesse in structural funds (loans and grants) virtually ceased, a major challenge for Portugal's economy will be to reduce the size of the public sector (about 50 percent of GDP is in the central government) to increase productivity, attract outside investment, and diversify the economy. For Portugal's economic planners, the 21st century promises to be challenging. -
28 best
A n1 (most enjoyable, pleasant) the best le/la meilleur/-e m/f ; it's the best of the stories cette histoire, c'est la meilleure ; the North will have the best of the weather c'est le nord du pays qui profitera du beau temps ; I think we've had the best of the day je pense que le beau temps est fini pour aujourd'hui ; to look the best être le mieux ; to sound the best avoir le meilleur son, sonner le mieux ; to taste the best être le/la meilleur/-e ; to smell the best avoir la meilleure odeur ;2 (of the highest quality, standard) the best le/la meilleur/-e m/f ; the best there is le meilleur qui soit ; the best of its kind le meilleur du genre ; it's not her best (of book, play) ce n'est pas le/la meilleur/-e qu'elle ait écrit/-e ; only the best is good enough for me/my son pour moi/mon fils je veux ce qu'il y a de mieux ; only the best is good enough for him seul le meilleur peut lui convenir ;3 ( most competent) the best le/la meilleur/-e m/f ; she's one of the best c'est l'une des meilleures ; to be the best at être le/la meilleur/-e en [subject, game] ; who's the best at drawing/swimming? qui dessine/nage le mieux? ;4 (most appropriate, desirable or valid) the best le/la meilleur/-e m/f ; it's the best I've got c'est le meilleur que j'aie ; it's for the best ( recommending course of action) c'est la meilleure solution ; ( of something done) c'est tant mieux ; to do sth for the best faire qch pour le mieux ; it's not the best of times to do ce n'est pas le meilleur moment pour faire ;5 ( most favourable) the best le mieux ; the best we can hope for/say le mieux qu'on puisse espérer/dire ; at best au mieux ; I find it difficult to do at the best of times j'ai déjà du mal à le faire ; he's a difficult man at the best of times déjà en temps ordinaire il est difficile à vivre ; to make the best of sth s'accommoder de qch ;6 (peak, height) to be at its best [wine, cheese] être parfait ; [city, view, landscape] être le/la plus beau/belle ; this is modern art at its best c'est ce que l'art moderne peut produire de mieux ; to be at one's best (physically, in mood) être au mieux de sa forme ; to be at one's best writing poetry/playing villains exceller dans la poésie/dans les rôles de méchants ; this is Eliot at her best c'est Eliot dans ce qu'elle a fait de meilleur ; it was not in the best of taste ce n'était pas du meilleur goût ; the best of friends les meilleurs amis du monde ;7 ( greatest personal effort) to do one' s best to do faire de son mieux or faire (tout) son possible pour faire ; is that the best you can/the car can do? c'est le mieux que tu puisses/que la voiture puisse faire? ; to get the best out of obtenir le meilleur de [pupil, worker], tirer le meilleur parti de [gadget] ;8 (virtues, qualities) to bring out the best in sb [crisis, suffering] inciter qn à donner le meilleur de lui-même ;9 ( most advantageous or pleasing part) the best of it is gen le mieux, c'est que ; ( most amusing) le plus beau, c'est que ; to get the best of avoir la part du lion dans [deal, bargain] ; gagner dans [arrangement] ;10 ( good clothes) to keep sth for best garder or réserver qch pour les grandes occasions ; ⇒ Sunday best ;11 ( good wishes) ( on an occasion) meilleurs vœux mpl ; ( friendly greeting) amitiés fpl ; give her my best transmets-lui mes meilleurs vœux or amitiés ; all the best! ( good luck) bonne chance! ; ( cheers) à ta santé! ; all the best, Ellie ( in letter) amitiés, Ellie ; wishing you all the best on your retirement meilleurs vœux de bonheur pour votre retraite ;12 ( winning majority) best of three/five au meilleur des trois/cinq ; to play (the) best of three jouer au meilleur des trois ; it's the best of five c'est au meilleur des cinq.1 ( most excellent or pleasing) meilleur ; the best book I've ever read/written le meilleur livre que j'aie jamais lu/écrit ; the best idea she's had all day la meilleure idée qu'elle ait eue de la journée ; the best hotel in town le meilleur hôtel de la ville ; the best thing about sth/about doing ce qu'il y a de mieux dans qch/lorsqu'on fait ; one of the best things about sth/about doing l'un des plus grands avantages de qch/lorsqu'on fait ; to look best être le mieux ; to sound best avoir le meilleur son, sonner le mieux ; to taste best être le/la meilleur/-e ; to smell best avoir la meilleure odeur ; this wine is best served chilled ce vin est parfait si on le sert frais ; she looks best in black c'est en noir qu'elle est le mieux ; she speaks the best French c'est elle qui parle le mieux français ; she said it in her best French elle l'a dit dans son meilleur français ; in your best handwriting dans ta plus belle écriture ; my best dress ma plus belle robe ; my best sheets mes plus beaux draps ; ‘best before end May’ ‘à consommer de préférence avant fin mai’ ;2 ( most competent) [teacher, poet] meilleur ; the award for best actor le prix du meilleur acteur ; who is the best swimmer? qui nage le mieux? ; to be best at être le/la meilleur/-e en [subject, sport] ; être le/la meilleur/-e à [instrument] ; to be best at cooking cuisiner le mieux ; the best mother you could wish for la meilleure mère dont on puisse rêver ; may the best man win! que le meilleur gagne! ;3 ( most appropriate or suitable) [tool, example, way, time, idea] meilleur ; these ones are best for cutting paper pour couper du papier ceux-ci sont le mieux ; they're best for cutting paper, not fabric c'est pour couper du papier et non pas du tissu qu'ils conviennent le mieux ; it is best for older children cela convient mieux aux enfants plus âgés ; the best person for the job la personne qui convient le mieux pour ce travail ; the best thing to do la meilleure chose à faire ; the best thing would be to do, it would be best to do le mieux serait de faire ; it would be best if he did le mieux serait qu'il fasse ;4 ( most beneficial) [exercise, food] meilleur ; to consider what is best for sb réfléchir à ce qui est le mieux pour qn.C adv ( superlative of well) le mieux ; to behave/fit/hear best se comporter/aller/entendre le mieux ; the best fed/qualified/organized le mieux nourri/qualifié/organisé ; the best organized person la personne la mieux organisée ; the best prepared/equipped/loved le plus préparé/équipé/aimé ; the best loved woman la femme la plus aimée ; to like sth best aimer qch le mieux or le plus ; to like sth best of all aimer qch mieux or plus que tout ; best of all mieux que tout ; he works best on his own c'est seul qu'il travaille le mieux ; to do best réussir le mieux ; who did best? qui a le mieux réussi? ; to do sth as best one can faire qch de son mieux ; you'd best do ○ tu ferais mieux de faire ; such advice is best ignored/followed il vaut mieux ignorer/suivre de tels conseils ; you know best c'est toi le meilleur juge.D vtr (defeat, outdo) ( in argument) avoir le dessus sur [person] ; (in contest, struggle) battre, vaincre [opponent] ; to be bested in an argument avoir le dessous dans une discussion.to do sth with the best of them faire qch avec tout un chacun ; it happens to the best of us (mishap, failure) ça arrive à tout le monde ; ( death) c'est notre lot à tous. -
29 perfect
B adj1 ( flawless) [arrangement, behaviour, blend, condition, copy, crime, example, French, health, match, performance, shape, score, technique, weather, world] parfait (for pour) ; [choice, holiday, moment, name, opportunity, place, partner, solution] idéal (for pour) ; [hostess] exemplaire ; she is perfect for the part/the job c'est la personne idéale pour le rôle/ce travail ; that screw will be perfect for the job cette vis fera parfaitement l'affaire ; that recording is less than perfect cet enregistrement laisse franchement à désirer ; that jacket is a perfect fit cette veste va parfaitement ; to do sth with perfect timing faire qch au bon moment ; everything is perfect tout est parfait ; ‘all right?’-‘perfect! ’ ‘ça va?’-‘parfait!’ ;2 ( total) [stranger, fool] parfait (before n) ; [pest] véritable (before n) ; to have a perfect right to do avoir parfaitement le droit de faire ;3 Ling the perfect tense le parfait.C vtr perfectionner. -
30 produce
A, US [transcription][-du;s] n ¢ produits mpl ; agricultural produce produits agricoles ; ‘produce of Spain’ ‘produit d'Espagne’.2 Agric, Ind [region, industry, farmer, company] produire (from à partir de) ; [worker, machine] fabriquer ;3 ( biologically) [gland, animal, plant] produire ; to produce young produire des petits ; to produce children donner naissance à des enfants, procréer hum ;4 ( generate) produire [heat, electricity, sound, energy, fumes, gas] ; rapporter [gains, profits, returns] ; to produce electricity from coal produire de l'électricité à partir du charbon ;5 (form, create) [school, course, era, country] produire [scientist, artist, worker] ; the country that produceed Picasso le pays qui a vu naître Picasso ; to produce a work of art produire une œuvre d'art ;6 ( present) produire [passport, voucher, document, report, statement] ; fournir [evidence, argument, example] ; to produce sth from sortir qch de [pocket, bag] ; to produce sth from behind one's back faire apparaître qch de derrière son dos ;7 Cin, Mus, Radio, TV produire [film, programme, show] ; GB Theat mettre [qch] en scène [play] ; well-produced [film, programme, recording] bien réalisé ;8 ( put together) préparer [meal] ; mettre au point [argument, timetable, package, solution] ; éditer [leaflet, brochure, guide] ; a well-produced brochure une brochure bien faite ;9 Sport ( achieve) marquer [goal] ; obtenir [result] ; to produce a fine performance jouer remarquablement ;10 Math prolonger [line]. -
31 Bayesian theory
Statsa statistical theory and method for drawing conclusions about the future occurrence of a given parameter of a statistical distribution by calculating from prior data on its frequency of occurrence. The theory is useful in the solution of theoretical and applied problems in science, industry, and government, for example, in econometrics and finance. -
32 Daguerre, Louis Jacques Mandé
SUBJECT AREA: Photography, film and optics[br]b. 18 November 1787 Carmeilles-en-Parisis, Franced. 10 July 1851 Petit-Bry-sur-Marne, France[br]French inventor of the first practicable photographic process.[br]The son of a minor official in a magistrate's court, Daguerre showed an early aptitude for drawing. He was first apprenticed to an architect, but in 1804 he moved to Paris to learn the art of stage design. He was particularly interested in perspective and lighting, and later showed great ingenuity in lighting stage sets. Fascinated by a popular form of entertainment of the period, the panorama, he went on to create a variant of it called the diorama. It is assumed that he used a camera obscura for perspective drawings and, by purchasing it from the optician Chevalier, he made contact with Joseph Nicéphore Niepce. In 1829 Niepce and Daguerre entered into a formal partnership to perfect Niepce's heliographic process, but the partnership was dissolved when Niepce died in 1833, when only limited progress had been made. Daguerre continued experimenting alone, however, using iodine and silver plates; by 1837 he had discovered that images formed in the camera obscura could be developed by mercury vapour and fixed with a hot salt solution. After unsuccessfully attempting to sell his process, Daguerre approached F.J.D. Arago, of the Académie des Sciences, who announced the discovery in 1839. Details of Daguerre's work were not published until August of that year when the process was presented free to the world, except England. With considerable business acumen, Daguerre had quietly patented the process through an agent, Miles Berry, in London a few days earlier. He also granted a monopoly to make and sell his camera to a Monsieur Giroux, a stationer by trade who happened to be a relation of Daguerre's wife. The daguerreotype process caused a sensation when announced. Daguerre was granted a pension by a grateful government and honours were showered upon him all over the world. It was a direct positive process on silvered copper plates and, in fact, proved to be a technological dead end. The future was to lie with negative-positive photography devised by Daguerre's British contemporary, W.H.F. Talbot, although Daguerre's was the first practicable photographic process to be announced. It captured the public's imagination and in an improved form was to dominate professional photographic practice for more than a decade.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsOfficier de la Légion d'honneur 1839. Honorary FRS 1839. Honorary Fellow of the National Academy of Design, New York, 1839. Honorary Fellow of the Vienna Academy 1843. Pour le Mérite, bestowed by Frederick William IV of Prussia, 1843.Bibliography14 August 1839, British patent no. 8,194 (daguerrotype photographic process).The announcement and details of Daguerre's invention were published in both serious and popular English journals. See, for example, 1839 publications of Athenaeum, Literary Gazette, Magazine of Science and Mechanics Magazine.Further ReadingH.Gernsheim and A.Gernsheim, 1956, L.J.M. Daguerre (the standard account of Daguerre's work).—1969, The History of Photography, rev. edn, London (a very full account).J.M.Eder, 1945, History of Photography, trans. E. Epstean, New York (a very full account).JWBiographical history of technology > Daguerre, Louis Jacques Mandé
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33 Harrison, John
[br]b. 24 March 1693 Foulby, Yorkshire, Englandd. 24 March 1776 London, England[br]English horologist who constructed the first timekeeper of sufficient accuracy to determine longitude at sea and invented the gridiron pendulum for temperature compensation.[br]John Harrison was the son of a carpenter and was brought up to that trade. He was largely self-taught and learned mechanics from a copy of Nicholas Saunderson's lectures that had been lent to him. With the assistance of his younger brother, James, he built a series of unconventional clocks, mainly of wood. He was always concerned to reduce friction, without using oil, and this influenced the design of his "grasshopper" escapement. He also invented the "gridiron" compensation pendulum, which depended on the differential expansion of brass and steel. The excellent performance of his regulator clocks, which incorporated these devices, convinced him that they could also be used in a sea dock to compete for the longitude prize. In 1714 the Government had offered a prize of £20,000 for a method of determining longitude at sea to within half a degree after a voyage to the West Indies. In theory the longitude could be found by carrying an accurate timepiece that would indicate the time at a known longitude, but the requirements of the Act were very exacting. The timepiece would have to have a cumulative error of no more than two minutes after a voyage lasting six weeks.In 1730 Harrison went to London with his proposal for a sea clock, supported by examples of his grasshopper escapement and his gridiron pendulum. His proposal received sufficient encouragement and financial support, from George Graham and others, to enable him to return to Barrow and construct his first sea clock, which he completed five years later. This was a large and complicated machine that was made out of brass but retained the wooden wheelwork and the grasshopper escapement of the regulator clocks. The two balances were interlinked to counteract the rolling of the vessel and were controlled by helical springs operating in tension. It was the first timepiece with a balance to have temperature compensation. The effect of temperature change on the timekeeping of a balance is more pronounced than it is for a pendulum, as two effects are involved: the change in the size of the balance; and the change in the elasticity of the balance spring. Harrison compensated for both effects by using a gridiron arrangement to alter the tension in the springs. This timekeeper performed creditably when it was tested on a voyage to Lisbon, and the Board of Longitude agreed to finance improved models. Harrison's second timekeeper dispensed with the use of wood and had the added refinement of a remontoire, but even before it was tested he had embarked on a third machine. The balance of this machine was controlled by a spiral spring whose effective length was altered by a bimetallic strip to compensate for changes in temperature. In 1753 Harrison commissioned a London watchmaker, John Jefferys, to make a watch for his own personal use, with a similar form of temperature compensation and a modified verge escapement that was intended to compensate for the lack of isochronism of the balance spring. The time-keeping of this watch was surprisingly good and Harrison proceeded to build a larger and more sophisticated version, with a remontoire. This timekeeper was completed in 1759 and its performance was so remarkable that Harrison decided to enter it for the longitude prize in place of his third machine. It was tested on two voyages to the West Indies and on both occasions it met the requirements of the Act, but the Board of Longitude withheld half the prize money until they had proof that the timekeeper could be duplicated. Copies were made by Harrison and by Larcum Kendall, but the Board still continued to prevaricate and Harrison received the full amount of the prize in 1773 only after George III had intervened on his behalf.Although Harrison had shown that it was possible to construct a timepiece of sufficient accuracy to determine longitude at sea, his solution was too complex and costly to be produced in quantity. It had, for example, taken Larcum Kendall two years to produce his copy of Harrison's fourth timekeeper, but Harrison had overcome the psychological barrier and opened the door for others to produce chronometers in quantity at an affordable price. This was achieved before the end of the century by Arnold and Earnshaw, but they used an entirely different design that owed more to Le Roy than it did to Harrison and which only retained Harrison's maintaining power.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsRoyal Society Copley Medal 1749.Bibliography1767, The Principles of Mr Harrison's Time-keeper, with Plates of the Same, London. 1767, Remarks on a Pamphlet Lately Published by the Rev. Mr Maskelyne Under theAuthority of the Board of Longitude, London.1775, A Description Concerning Such Mechanisms as Will Afford a Nice or True Mensuration of Time, London.Further ReadingR.T.Gould, 1923, The Marine Chronometer: Its History and Development, London; reprinted 1960, Holland Press.—1978, John Harrison and His Timekeepers, 4th edn, London: National Maritime Museum.H.Quill, 1966, John Harrison, the Man who Found Longitude, London. A.G.Randall, 1989, "The technology of John Harrison's portable timekeepers", Antiquarian Horology 18:145–60, 261–77.J.Betts, 1993, John Harrison London (a good short account of Harrison's work). S.Smiles, 1905, Men of Invention and Industry; London: John Murray, Chapter III. Dictionary of National Biography, Vol. IX, pp. 35–6.DV -
34 Leclanché, Georges
SUBJECT AREA: Electricity[br]b. 1839 Paris, Franced. 14 September 1882 Paris, France[br]French chemist and inventor of the primary cell named after him, from which the electrochemical principles of the modern dry cell have been developed.[br]Leclanché was sent to England for his early education. Returning to France, he entered the Central School of Arts and Manufacture, from which he graduated as a chemical engineer in 1860. He spent some years with a railway company in setting up an electrical timing system, and this work led him to electrochemical research. Driven by political pressure into exile, he set up a small laboratory in Brussels to continue the studies of the behaviour of voltaic cells he had started in France. Many workers directed their efforts to constructing a cell with a single electrolyte and a solid insoluble depo-larizer, but it was Leclanché who produced, in 1866, the prototype of a battery that was rugged, cheap and contained no highly corro-sive liquid. With electrodes of carbon and zinc and a solution of ammonium chloride, polarization was prevented by surrounding the positive electrode with manganese dioxide. The Leclanché cell was adopted by the Belgian Government Telegraph Service in 1868 and rapidly came into general use wherever an intermittent current was needed; for example, in telegraph and later in telephone circuits. Carl Gassner in 1888 pioneered successful dry cells based on the Leclanché system, with the zinc anode serving as the container, and c. 1890 commercial production of such cells began.[br]Bibliography10 October 1866, British patent no. 2,623 (Leclanché cell).1868, "Pile au peroxyde de manganèse à seul liquide", Les Mondes 16:532–3 (describes the Leclanché cell).Further ReadingM.Barak, 1966, "Georges Leclanché (1939–1882)", IEE Electronics and Power 12:184– 91 (a detailed account).N.C.Cahoon and G.W.Heise (eds), 1976, The Primary Battery, Vol. II, New York, pp. 1–147 (describes subsequent developments), GW -
35 Nobel, Alfred Bernhard
[br]b. 21 October 1833 Stockholm, Swedend. 10 December 1896 San Remo, Italy[br]Swedish industrialist, inventor of dynamite, founder of the Nobel Prizes.[br]Alfred's father, Immanuel Nobel, builder, industrialist and inventor, encouraged his sons to follow his example of inventiveness. Alfred's education was interrupted when the family moved to St Petersburg, but was continued privately and was followed by a period of travel. He thus acquired a good knowledge of chemistry and became an excellent linguist.During the Crimean War, Nobel worked for his father's firm in supplying war materials. The cancellation of agreements with the Russian Government at the end of the war bankrupted the firm, but Alfred and his brother Immanuel continued their interest in explosives, working on improved methods of making nitroglycerine. In 1863 Nobel patented his first major invention, a detonator that introduced the principle of detonation by shock, by using a small charge of nitroglycerine in a metal cap with detonating or fulminating mercury. Two years later Nobel set up the world's first nitroglycerine factory in an isolated area outside Stockholm. This led to several other plants and improved methods for making and handling the explosive. Yet Nobel remained aware of the dangers of liquid nitroglycerine, and after many experiments he was able in 1867 to take out a patent for dynamite, a safe, solid and pliable form of nitroglycerine, mixed with kieselguhr. At last, nitroglycerine, discovered by Sobrero in 1847, had been transformed into a useful explosive; Nobel began to promote a worldwide industry for its manufacture. Dynamite still had disadvantages, and Nobel continued his researches until, in 1875, he achieved blasting gelatin, a colloidal solution of nitrocellulose (gun cotton) in nitroglycerine. In many ways it proved to be the ideal explosive, more powerful than nitroglycerine alone, less sensitive to shock and resistant to moisture. It was variously called Nobel's Extra Dynamite, blasting gelatin and gelignite. It immediately went into production.Next, Nobel sought a smokeless powder for military purposes, and in 1887 he obtained a nearly smokeless blasting powder using nitroglycerine and nitrocellulose with 10 per cent camphor. Finally, a progressive, smokeless blasting powder was developed in 1896 at his San Remo laboratory.Nobel's interests went beyond explosives into other areas, such as electrochemistry, optics and biology; his patents amounted to 355 in various countries. However, it was the manufacture of explosives that made him a multimillionaire. At his death he left over £2 million, which he willed to funding awards "to those who during the preceding year, shall have conferred the greatest benefit on mankind".[br]Bibliography1875, On Modern Blasting Agents, Glasgow (his only book).Further ReadingH.Schuck et al., 1962, Nobel, the Man and His Prizes, Amsterdam.E.Bergengren, 1962, Alfred Nobel, the Man and His Work, London and New York (includes a supplement on the prizes and the Nobel institution).LRD -
36 subscription computer
"The computer offered to a customer by a solution provider where the customer chooses from a range of packaged services, including a computer, genuine Windows software, and broadband Internet services, which are included in one bill. Computer time is purchased for a specified, regular time period (for example, on a monthly or quarterly basis)." -
37 Enterprise Voice client
"A voice client that is part of the Enterprise Voice solution from Microsoft; for example, Lync or Office Communicator." -
38 external list deployment
"Automated deployment of a simple solution for BCS, using ClickOnce technology. An example would be taking an external list offline to Outlook or SharePoint Workspace." -
39 Animal Intelligence
We can... distinguish sharply between the kind of behavior which from the very beginning arises out of a consideration of the structure of a situation, and one that does not. Only in the former case do we speak of insight, and only that behavior of animals definitely appears to us intelligent which takes account from the beginning of the lay of the land, and proceeds to deal with it in a single, continuous, and definite course. Hence follows this criterion of insight: the appearance of a complete solution with reference to the whole lay- out of the field. (KoЁhler, 1927, pp. 169-170)Signs, in [Edward] Tolman's theory, occasion in the rat realization, or cognition, or judgment, or hypotheses, or abstraction, but they do not occasion action. In his concern with what goes on in the rat's mind, Tolman has neglected to predict what the rat will do. So far as the theory is concerned the rat is left buried in thought: if he gets to the food-box at the end that is his concern, not the concern of the theory. (Guthrie, 1972, p. 172)3) A New Insight Consists of a Recombination of Pre-existent Mediating PropertiesThe insightful act is an excellent example of something that is not learned, but still depends on learning. It is not learned, since it can be adequately performed on its first occurrence; it is not perfected through practice in the first place, but appears all at once in recognizable form (further practice, however, may still improve it). On the other hand, the situation must not be completely strange; the animal must have had prior experience with the component parts of the situation, or with other situations that have some similarity to it.... All our evidence thus points to the conclusion that a new insight consists of a recombination of pre existent mediating processes, not the sudden appearance of a wholly new process. (Hebb, 1958, pp. 204-205)In Morgan's own words, the principle is, "In no case may we interpret an action as the outcome of the exercise of a higher psychical faculty, if it can be interpreted as the outcome of the exercise of one which stands lower in the psychological scale." Behaviorists universally adopted this idea as their own, interpreting it as meaning that crediting consciousness to animals can't be justified if the animal's behavior can be explained in any other way, because consciousness is certainly a "higher psychical faculty." Actually, their interpretation is wrong, since Morgan was perfectly happy with the idea of animal consciousness: he even gives examples of it directly taken from dog behavior. Thus in The Limits of Animal Intelligence, he describes a dog returning from a walk "tired" and "hungry" and going down into the kitchen and "looking up wistfully" at the cook. Says Morgan about this, "I, for one, would not feel disposed to question that he has in his mind's eye a more or less definite idea of a bone."Morgan's Canon really applies to situations where the level of intelligence credited to an animal's behavior goes well beyond what is really needed for simple and sensible explanation. Thus application of Morgan's Canon would prevent us from presuming that, when a dog finds its way home after being lost for a day, it must have the ability to read a map, or that, if a dog always begins to act hungry and pace around the kitchen at 6 P.M. and is always fed at 6:30 P.M., this must indicate that it has learned how to tell time. These conclusions involve levels of intelligence that are simply not needed to explain the behaviors. (Coren, 1994, pp. 72-73)Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Animal Intelligence
-
40 SS
- шумоподобный
- шлакоулавливающий пучок труб
- чувствительность ненагруженного резерва
- характерный для данной площадки
- установка для отбора проб
- успешный пуск
- услуга сеансового уровня
- температура воды на поверхности моря
- телемеханический пуск (агрегата)
- телемеханический останов (агрегата)
- твёрдотельный (о схеме)
- система электроснабжения
- система отбора и анализа проб
- сверхчувствительный
- режим оперативных переключений
- расширение спектра
- прямолинейный участок
- пригодность площадки
- подстанция
- переключатель быстродействия
- пакет пароперегревателя
- односторонний диск (с записью на одной стороне)
- одноканальная контрольная точка на компонентном входе элемента сети CWDM
- объем пробы
- объем выборки
- набор решений
- меры безопасности и охрана (ядерного объекта)
- контрольная точка одноканального источника
- контрольная точка одиночного канала на потоковом входе элемента сети DWDM
- живучесть системы
- дополнительная услуга
- выбор сигнала
- второй контур ядерного реактора
- взвешенные твёрдые частицы
- важный для безопасности АЭС
- безопасный останов
- безопасность на площадке АЭС
безопасность на площадке АЭС
—
[А.С.Гольдберг. Англо-русский энергетический словарь. 2006 г.]Тематики
EN
безопасный останов
(напр. турбины, ядерного реактора)
[А.С.Гольдберг. Англо-русский энергетический словарь. 2006 г.]Тематики
EN
важный для безопасности АЭС
(напр. о системе)
[А.С.Гольдберг. Англо-русский энергетический словарь. 2006 г.]Тематики
EN
взвешенные твёрдые частицы
—
[А.С.Гольдберг. Англо-русский энергетический словарь. 2006 г.]Тематики
EN
второй контур ядерного реактора
—
[А.С.Гольдберг. Англо-русский энергетический словарь. 2006 г.]Тематики
EN
дополнительная услуга
Услуга, которая изменяет или дополняет базовую услугу электросвязи. Следовательно, она не может быть предоставлена пользователю как самостоятельная услуга. Она должна предоставляться вместе с базовой услугой электросвязи или в сочетании с ней. Одна и та же дополнительная услуга может быть общей для нескольких базовых услуг электросвязи. (МСЭ-Т Q.1741).
[ http://www.iks-media.ru/glossary/index.html?glossid=2400324]Тематики
- электросвязь, основные понятия
EN
контрольная точка одиночного канала на потоковом входе элемента сети DWDM
(МСЭ-Т G.698.1).
[ http://www.iks-media.ru/glossary/index.html?glossid=2400324]Тематики
- электросвязь, основные понятия
EN
- single-channel reference point at the DWDM network element tributary input
- Ss
контрольная точка одноканального источника
(МСЭ-Т G.959.1).
[ http://www.iks-media.ru/glossary/index.html?glossid=2400324]Тематики
- электросвязь, основные понятия
EN
меры безопасности и охрана (ядерного объекта)
—
[А.С.Гольдберг. Англо-русский энергетический словарь. 2006 г.]Тематики
EN
набор решений
(МСЭ-Т Q.1741).
[ http://www.iks-media.ru/glossary/index.html?glossid=2400324]Тематики
- электросвязь, основные понятия
EN
объем пробы
(напр. воды, дымовых газов)
[А.С.Гольдберг. Англо-русский энергетический словарь. 2006 г.]Тематики
EN
одноканальная контрольная точка на компонентном входе элемента сети CWDM
(МСЭ-Т G.695).
[ http://www.iks-media.ru/glossary/index.html?glossid=2400324]Тематики
- электросвязь, основные понятия
EN
- single-channel reference point at the CWDM network element tributary input
- Ss
односторонний диск (с записью на одной стороне)
—
[Е.С.Алексеев, А.А.Мячев. Англо-русский толковый словарь по системотехнике ЭВМ. Москва 1993]Тематики
EN
пакет пароперегревателя
—
[А.С.Гольдберг. Англо-русский энергетический словарь. 2006 г.]Тематики
EN
переключатель быстродействия
Служит для задания тактовой частоты, с которой должен работать процессор (например, для 80386 – 25 или 8 МГц).
[Е.С.Алексеев, А.А.Мячев. Англо-русский толковый словарь по системотехнике ЭВМ. Москва 1993]Тематики
EN
подстанция
Электроустановка, предназначенная для преобразования и распределения электрической энергии.
[ ГОСТ 19431-84]
подстанция
Подстанцией (ПС) называется электроустановка, служащая для преобразования и распределения электроэнергии и состоящая из трансформаторов или других преобразователей энергии, распределительных устройств, устройств управления и вспомогательных сооружений.
[РД 34.20.185-94]
подстанция
Электроустановка, предназначенная для приема, преобразования и распределения электрической энергии, состоящая из трансформаторов или других преобразователей электрической энергии, устройств управления, распределительных и вспомогательных устройств по ГОСТ 19431.
[ ГОСТ 24291-90]
подстанция электрическая
Группа установок и оборудования, размещаемая в здании или на открытой площадке, предназначенная для преобразования параметров передаваемой электроэнергии или распределения её
[Терминологический словарь по строительству на 12 языках (ВНИИИС Госстроя СССР)]
электрическая подстанция
Электроустановка, предназначенная для преобразования и распределения электрической энергии.
[ПОТ Р М-016-2001]
[РД 153-34.0-03.150-00]EN
substation (of a power system)
a part of an electrical system, con-fined to a given area, mainly including ends of transmission or distribution lines, electrical switchgear and controlgear, buildings and transformers. A substation generally includes safety or control devices (for example protection)
NOTE – The substation can be qualified according to the designation of the system of which it forms a part. Examples: transmission substation (transmission system), distribution substation, 400 kV or 20 kV substation.
[IEV number 601-03-02 ]FR
poste (d'un réseau électrique)
partie d'un réseau électrique, située en un même lieu, comprenant principalement les extrémités des lignes de transport ou de distribution, de l'appareillage électrique, des bâtiments, et, éventuellement, des transformateurs. Un poste comprend généralement les dispositifs destinés à la sécurité et à la conduite du réseau (par exemple les protections)
NOTE – Selon le type de réseau auquel appartient le poste, il peut être qualifié par la désignation du réseau. Exemples: poste de transport (réseau de transport), poste de distribution, poste à 400 kV, poste à 20 kV.
[IEV number 601-03-02 ]Подстанции с трансформаторами, преобразующие электрическую энергию только по напряжению, называются трансформаторными; а преобразующие электроэнергию по напряжению и другим параметрам (изменение частоты, выпрямление тока), — преобразовательными. На ПС могут устанавливаться два и более, как правило, трехфазных трансформатора. Установка более двух трансформаторов принимается на основе технико-экономических расчетов, а также в случаях, когда на ПС применяется два средних напряжения. При отсутствии трехфазного трансформатора необходимой мощности, а также при транспортных ограничениях возможно применение группы однофазных трансформаторов. Подстанция, как правило, состоит из нескольких РУ разных ступеней напряжения, соединенных между собой трансформаторной (автотрансформаторной) связью;
[ http://energy-ua.com/elektricheskie-p/klassifikatsiya.html]Тематики
Синонимы
EN
- electric power substation
- electric substation
- SS
- station
- sub
- substation
- substation (of a power system)
- switching station
- switching substation
DE
FR
- poste (d`un reseau electrique)
- sous-station électrique
пригодность площадки
(напр. для ТЭС, АЭС)
[А.С.Гольдберг. Англо-русский энергетический словарь. 2006 г.]Тематики
EN
прямолинейный участок
(напр. трубопроводов)
[А.С.Гольдберг. Англо-русский энергетический словарь. 2006 г.]Тематики
EN
расширение спектра
(МСЭ-Т J.240).
[ http://www.iks-media.ru/glossary/index.html?glossid=2400324]Тематики
- электросвязь, основные понятия
EN
режим оперативных переключений
—
[Я.Н.Лугинский, М.С.Фези-Жилинская, Ю.С.Кабиров. Англо-русский словарь по электротехнике и электроэнергетике, Москва, 1999 г.]Тематики
- электротехника, основные понятия
EN
система отбора и анализа проб
—
[А.С.Гольдберг. Англо-русский энергетический словарь. 2006 г.]Тематики
EN
система электроснабжения
Совокупность взаимосвязанных энергоустановок, осуществляющих электроснабжение района, города, предприятия.
[ ГОСТ 19431-84]
система электроснабжения
Совокупность электроустановок, предназначенная для обеспечения потребителей электрической энергией.
[ОСТ 45.55-99]2.14. В проектной практике имеет место деление системы электроснабжения энергоемкого промышленного предприятия на внешнее электроснабжение (электрические сети энергосистемы до приемных пунктов электроэнергии на предприятии) и внутреннее электроснабжение (от приемных пунктов до потребителя предприятия)....
2.15. Система электроснабжения промышленного предприятия должна учитывать очередность его сооружения. Сооружение последующих очередей строительства не должно приводить к нарушению или снижению надежности электроснабжения действующих производств.
Система электроснабжения должна обеспечивать возможность роста потребления электроэнергии предприятием без коренной реконструкции системы электроснабжения.2.17. При проектировании системы электроснабжения промышленного предприятия следует учитывать потребность в электроэнергии сторонних близлежащих потребителей во избежание нерациональных затрат на их локальное электроснабжение.
3.5. Надежность электроснабжения промышленного предприятия со сложным непрерывным технологическим процессом (НТП), требующим длительного времени на восстановление рабочего режима при нарушении системы электроснабжения, определяется помимо требуемой степени резервирования длительностью перерыва питания при нарушениях в системе электроснабжения и ее сопоставлением с предельно допустимым временем перерыва электроснабжения, при котором возможно сохранение НТП данного производства.4.4.3. Мощности независимых источников питания в послеаварийном режиме определяются исходя из требуемой степени резервирования системы электроснабжения предприятия.
6.1.2. Системы электроснабжения с двумя приемными пунктами электроэнергии следует применять:
- при повышенных требованиях к надежности питания электроприемников I категории;
- при двух обособленных группах потребителей на площадке предприятия;
- при поэтапном развитии предприятия в тех случаях, когда для питания нагрузок второй очереди целесообразно сооружение отдельного приемного пункта электроэнергии;
- во всех случаях, когда применение двух приемных пунктов экономически целесообразно.
В указанных случаях приемные пункты должны быть территориально разобщены и размещаться, как правило, по разные стороны предприятия.
Должна быть исключена возможность одновременного попадания приемных пунктов в факел загрязнения.
6.1.3. При построении системы электроснабжения предприятия во всех случаях, где это возможно, следует применять схемы глубоких вводов 110-330 кВ как наиболее экономичной и надежной системы распределения электроэнергии.6.2.6. При построении системы электроснабжения на напряжении 35 кВ для...
8.7. При проектировании системы электроснабжения промышленного предприятия, имеющего в своем составе электроприемники, чувствительные к изменениям показателей качества электроэнергии, следует...
9.8.1. Регулирование напряжение в системах электроснабжения промышленных предприятий, в основном, должно обеспечиваться применением трансформаторов и автотрансформаторов с автоматическим регулированием напряжения под нагрузкой и выбором оптимальных ответвлений у нерегулируемых под нагрузкой трансформаторов.
10.4. Выбор компенсирующих устройств должен производиться одновременно с выбором других основных элементов системы электроснабжения предприятия с учетом динамики роста электрических нагрузок и поэтапного развития системы.
[НТП ЭПП-94]
1.11 Система электроснабжения должна обеспечивать в условиях послеаварийного режима путем соответствующих переключений питание электроэнергией тех электроприемников, работа которых необходима для продолжения производства.
1.12. При определении объема резервирования и пропускной способности системы электроснабжения не следует учитывать возможность совпадения планового ремонта элементов электрооборудования и аварии в системе электроснабжения, за исключением случаев питания электроприемников особой группы.
При проектировании системы электроснабжения необходимо определять допустимое снижение нагрузки на время послеаварийного режима и планово-предупредительного ремонта.
2.2. Основными источниками питания должны служить электростанции и сети районных энергосистем. Исключение представляют большие предприятия с большим теплопотреблением, где основным источником питания может быть собственная электростанция (ТЭЦ). Но и в этом случае обязательно должна предусматриваться связь системы электроснабжения предприятия с сетью энергосистемы.
5.1. Напряжение каждого звена системы электроснабжения должно выбираться с учетом напряжений смежных звеньев.
[СН 174-75]
Тематики
Действия
- нарушение системы электроснабжения
- проектирование системы электроснабжения
- регулирование напряжения в системе электроснабжения
- резервирование системы электроснабжения
Сопутствующие термины
- внешнее электроснабжение
- внутреннее электроснабжение
- основные элементы системы электроснабжения
- пропускная способность системы электроснабжения
- система электроснабжения промышленного предприятия
- система электроснабжения сдвумя приемными пунктами электроэнергии
- степень резервирования системы электроснабжения
EN
твёрдотельный (о схеме)
—
[А.С.Гольдберг. Англо-русский энергетический словарь. 2006 г.]Тематики
EN
телемеханический останов (агрегата)
—
[А.С.Гольдберг. Англо-русский энергетический словарь. 2006 г.]Тематики
EN
телемеханический пуск (агрегата)
—
[А.С.Гольдберг. Англо-русский энергетический словарь. 2006 г.]Тематики
EN
температура воды на поверхности моря
—
[ http://www.oceanographers.ru/index.php?option=com_glossary&Itemid=238]Тематики
EN
услуга сеансового уровня
—
[Л.Г.Суменко. Англо-русский словарь по информационным технологиям. М.: ГП ЦНИИС, 2003.]Тематики
EN
успешный пуск
(напр. турбины)
[А.С.Гольдберг. Англо-русский энергетический словарь. 2006 г.]Тематики
EN
установка для отбора проб
—
[А.С.Гольдберг. Англо-русский энергетический словарь. 2006 г.]Тематики
EN
характерный для данной площадки
—
[А.С.Гольдберг. Англо-русский энергетический словарь. 2006 г.]Тематики
EN
чувствительность ненагруженного резерва
—
[А.С.Гольдберг. Англо-русский энергетический словарь. 2006 г.]Тематики
EN
шлакоулавливающий пучок труб
Пучок экранных труб, расположенный между камерой сгорания и камерой дожигания и служащий для улавливания золы и шлака, выносимых дымовыми газами из камеры сгорания; состоит из нескольких керамических стержней, на которые оседают расплавленные частицы золы
[А.С.Гольдберг. Англо-русский энергетический словарь. 2006 г.]Тематики
EN
шумоподобный
с расширенным спектром
широкополосный
—
[Л.Г.Суменко. Англо-русский словарь по информационным технологиям. М.: ГП ЦНИИС, 2003.]Тематики
Синонимы
EN
Англо-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > SS
См. также в других словарях:
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Solution stack — In computing, a solution stack is a set of software subsystems or components needed to deliver a fully functional solution , e.g. a product or service.For example, to develop a web application, the designer needs to use an operating system, web… … Wikipedia
example — /ig zam peuhl, zahm /, n., v., exampled, exampling. n. 1. one of a number of things, or a part of something, taken to show the character of the whole: This painting is an example of his early work. 2. a pattern or model, as of something to be… … Universalium
Solution of the Poincaré conjecture — This entry describes the solution of the Poincaré conjecture at a level intended for the general public. The proof described is that of Grigori Perelman using the Ricci flow developed by Richard Hamilton. Links to other expositions for general… … Wikipedia
example — ex•am•ple [[t]ɪgˈzæm pəl, ˈzɑm [/t]] n. v. pled, pling 1) one of a number of things, or a part of something, taken to show the character of the whole 2) a pattern or model, as of something to be imitated or avoided: to set a good example[/ex] 3)… … From formal English to slang
example — /əgˈzæmpəl / (say uhg zampuhl), / ˈzampəl/ (say zahmpuhl), /ɛg / (say eg ) noun 1. one of a number of things, or a part of something, taken to show the character of the whole. 2. something to be imitated; a pattern or model: to set a good example …
