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41 jak
I 1. pron( w pytaniach) howjak dużo? — how much/many?
jak się masz? — how are you? (BRIT), how are you doing? (US)
jak wyglądam? — świetnie! — how do I look? — great!
jak się robi omlet? — how do you lub how does one make an omelette?
jak mu tam? — what-d'you-call-him?, what's-his-name? ( w zdaniach względnych)
zrobiłem, jak chciałeś — I did as you wanted
nie wiem, jak to zrobić — I don't know how to do it
2. conjnie wiem, jak ona wygląda — I don't know what she looks like ( w jakim stopniu)
( w porównaniach) astak jak... — (just) like...
jak go zobaczysz, pozdrów go — when you see him, say hello from me
widziałem (ją), jak wychodziła z biura — I saw her leave lub leaving the office
minęły już dwa lata, jak wyjechał — two years have passed since he left, ( jeśli) if, when
jak nie chcesz jechać, możesz zostać z nami — you can stay with us if you don't want to go
3. partjak nie dziś, to jutro — if not today then tomorrow
jak najlepiej/najszybciej — as well/soon as possible
II - ka; -ki; instr sg - kiem; m; ZOOLjak gdyby — as if, as though
* * *I.jak1adv. i conj.1. ( w pytaniach) how; jak dawno? how long ago?; jak daleko? how far?; jak długo? how long?; jak mu tam? what was his name?, what's his name?; jak ona wygląda? what does she look like?; jak się czujesz? how are you feeling; jak to? how so?, how do you mean?2. ( w pytaniach o instrukcje) how do I..., how does one...; jak dojść do dworca? how do I get to the station?; jak po niemiecku powiedzieć „dziękuję”? how do you say “thank you” in German?; jak się robi bigos? how do you make bigos?; jak to włączyć? how do you turn this thing on?; jak jej o czymś takim powiedzieć? how does/should one tell her about something like this?3. ( w zdaniach podrzędnych) how, as; wiem, jak to działa I know how this works; jest (akurat) takie, jak lubisz it's just the way you like it; nie wiem, jak wam podziękować I don't know how I can (ever) thank you.4. ( w wykrzyknieniach) how; jak tu cicho! how quiet (this place is)!; jak pięknie śpiewasz! how beautifully you sing!, what a great singer you are!5. (= kiedy, w chwili gdy) when; dam ci znać, jak przyjdzie/zadzwoni I'll let you know when she comes/calls; jak tylko... as soon as..., directly...6. (= jeśli) if; jak nie if not, unless; jak nie przestaniesz, (to)... if you don't stop..., unless you stop...; kto, jak nie ja/ty/my/on/ona who, if not me/you/ |us/him/her; jak nie teraz, to kiedy? if not now, when?7. (= dopóki) as long as; jak świat światem as long as the world keeps turning; jak żyję, nie widziałem czegoś takiego I've never seen brzydki jak noc (as) ugly as sin, butt ugly; (niezłe) jak na niego (not bad) for him; zimny jak lód (as) cold as ice; serce jak kamień heart of stone.9. (= dokąd) as far as; jak okiem sięgnąć as far as the eye can see.10. (z przymiotnikiem l. przysłówkiem w stopniu najwyższym) as... as possible; jak najprędzej/najszybciej/najlepiej as soon/fast/well as possible; jak najwięcej ( z rzeczownikiem w liczbie pojedynczej) as much as possible; ( z rzeczownikiem w liczbie mnogiej) as many as possible.11. jak gdyby as if, as though, like; patrzył tylko, jak gdyby nie rozumiał he just stared as if he didn't understand.13. byle jak (= niestarannie) crudely, anything like it.8. ( przy porównaniach) as, for; any old way, any which way; (= słabo, źle) badly, poorly.14. ( w innych zwrotach) czuć się jak u siebie w domu feel at home; jak amen w pacierzu sure as death; jak Boga kocham! I swear to God!, honest to God!; jak cię widzą, tak cię piszą fine feathers make fine birds; jak jeden mąż as one (man); with one accord; (wszystko) idzie jak z płatka everything is coming up roses; jak po maśle smoothly; nie ma jak w domu (there's) no place like home; home sweet home; tak jak zawsze same as usual.II.jak2mazool. yak ( Bos grunniens).The New English-Polish, Polish-English Kościuszko foundation dictionary > jak
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42 abajo
adv.1 below (posición) (en general).de abajo bottomel estante de abajo the bottom shelfvive (en el piso de) abajo she lives downstairsestá aquí/allí abajo it's down here/theresi no quieres subir hasta la cumbre, espérame abajo if you don't want to climb to the top, wait for me at the bottomabajo del todo right at the bottommás abajo further downla parte de abajo the bottom2 down.hacia o para abajo down, downwardscalle/escaleras abajo down the street/the stairstres portales más abajo three doors further along3 below.el abajo citado the undermentionedel abajo firmante the undersignedpres.indicat.1st person singular (yo) present indicative of spanish verb: abajar.* * *► adverbio1 (lugar) below, down2 (en una casa) downstairs3 (dirección) down, downward1 down with!■ ¡abajo el dictador! down with the dictator!* * *1. adv.1) down2) downstairs3) below4) under5) beneath•2. interj.* * *1. ADV1) [indicando posición]a) [gen] down•
aquí abajo — down here•
de abajo — lower, bottomyo duermo en la litera de abajo — I sleep in the lower o bottom bunk
el piso de abajo — (=planta inferior) the next floor down; (=planta baja) the ground floor
•
desde abajo — from below•
de cintura para abajo — from the waist downboca•
abajo del todo — right at the bottom, at the very bottomb) [en edificio, casa] downstairs2) [indicando dirección]a) [con sustantivos]•
aguas abajo — downriver, downstreamcontinuaron aguas abajo durante un rato — they continued downriver o downstream for a while
•
calle abajo — down the streetseguimos calle abajo, hasta la plaza — we followed the street down to the square
estuvimos calle arriba, calle abajo, buscando al niño — we went up and down the street, looking for the child
•
cuesta abajo — down the hill•
escaleras abajo — downstairs•
ladera abajo — down the hillside•
río abajo — downstream, downriverb) [con preposición]•
hacia abajo — downward(s), down•
para abajo, me voy para abajo — I'm going downc) [con verbo]•
echar abajo — [+ puerta, barricada] to break down; [+ gobierno] to bring down; [+ paz] to break up•
venirse abajo — [edificio, estructura, economía] to collapse; [planes, sueños] to come to nothing; [persona] to go to pieceseste país se ha venido abajo por culpa de la guerra — this country has been ruined by war, war has brought this country to its knees
3) [en un texto] below4) [en una escala] the bottomlos cambios deben empezar por abajo, a nivel local — change should begin at the bottom, at local level
los de abajo siempre salimos perdiendo — those of us at the bottom (of the pile) are always the losers
•
para abajo, los responsables, de ministro para abajo, deben dimitir — those responsible, from the minister down, should resign5) esp LAm (=debajo) underneath6)• abajo de — LAm under
2.EXCL down with!¡abajo el gobierno! — down with the government!
* * *1)a) (lugar, parte)ahí/aquí abajo — down there/down here
en el estante de abajo — ( el siguiente) on the shelf below; ( el último) on the bottom shelf
abajo llevaba un vestido — (esp AmL) underneath she was wearing a dress
b) ( en un edificio) downstairsc) (en una escala, jerarquía)del jefe para abajo — from the boss down o downward(s)
de $1.000 para abajo — $1,000 or less
2) (expresando dirección, movimiento) downcalle/escaleras abajo — down the street/stairs
tire hacia abajo — pull down o downward(s)
3)abajo de — (AmL) under
4) ( en interjecciones) down with* * *= downstairs.Ex. The library office is in the basement, ' downstairs' as it is euphemistically referred to, along with a staff lounge, the washrooms, heating equipment, and electrical and janitor's closets.----* abajo firmantes, los = undersigned, the.* aguas abajo = downstream.* andar de arriba para abajo = pace.* avanzar hacia abajo = work + Posesivo + way down.* boca abajo = upside-down.* corriente abajo = downstream.* cuesta abajo = downhill, down the hill.* de abajo hacia arriba = bottom-up.* de arriba abajo = from top to bottom, from head to toe, from head to foot.* de arriba hacia abajo = top-down.* echar abajo = knock down.* en el piso de abajo = downstairs.* hacia abajo = downward.* hacia arriba y hacia abajo = up and down.* los abajo firmantes = the parties hereto.* menú desplegable hacia abajo = pull-down menu, drop-down menu.* mirar a Alguien de arriba abajo = look + Nombre + up and down.* mirar de arriba abajo = eye.* mirar hacia abajo = look down.* mover la cabeza de arriba abajo = bob.* río abajo = downstream.* tecla de desplazamiento hacia abajo = ↓ (Down) key, down arrow key.* venirse abajo = break down, tumble, tumble down, fall + apart.* * *1)a) (lugar, parte)ahí/aquí abajo — down there/down here
en el estante de abajo — ( el siguiente) on the shelf below; ( el último) on the bottom shelf
abajo llevaba un vestido — (esp AmL) underneath she was wearing a dress
b) ( en un edificio) downstairsc) (en una escala, jerarquía)del jefe para abajo — from the boss down o downward(s)
de $1.000 para abajo — $1,000 or less
2) (expresando dirección, movimiento) downcalle/escaleras abajo — down the street/stairs
tire hacia abajo — pull down o downward(s)
3)abajo de — (AmL) under
4) ( en interjecciones) down with* * *= downstairs.Ex: The library office is in the basement, ' downstairs' as it is euphemistically referred to, along with a staff lounge, the washrooms, heating equipment, and electrical and janitor's closets.
* abajo firmantes, los = undersigned, the.* aguas abajo = downstream.* andar de arriba para abajo = pace.* avanzar hacia abajo = work + Posesivo + way down.* boca abajo = upside-down.* corriente abajo = downstream.* cuesta abajo = downhill, down the hill.* de abajo hacia arriba = bottom-up.* de arriba abajo = from top to bottom, from head to toe, from head to foot.* de arriba hacia abajo = top-down.* echar abajo = knock down.* en el piso de abajo = downstairs.* hacia abajo = downward.* hacia arriba y hacia abajo = up and down.* los abajo firmantes = the parties hereto.* menú desplegable hacia abajo = pull-down menu, drop-down menu.* mirar a Alguien de arriba abajo = look + Nombre + up and down.* mirar de arriba abajo = eye.* mirar hacia abajo = look down.* mover la cabeza de arriba abajo = bob.* río abajo = downstream.* tecla de desplazamiento hacia abajo = ↓ (Down) key, down arrow key.* venirse abajo = break down, tumble, tumble down, fall + apart.* * *A1(lugar, parte): está ahí/aquí abajo it's down there/down hereen el estante de abajo (el siguiente) on the next shelf down, on the shelf below; (el último) on the bottom shelfla sábana de abajo the bottom sheetcolócalo un poco más abajo put it (down) a little lower, put it a little lower down o a little further down[ S ] ver el cuadro más abajo see table belowyo vivo en el 42 y ella un poco más abajo I live at number 42 and she lives a little further down the streetla parte de abajo es de plástico the bottom o the bottom part is plasticabajo llevaba un vestido de seda ( esp AmL); underneath she was wearing a silk dress2 (en un edificio) downstairsestá abajo en la cocina he's downstairs in the kitchenlos vecinos de abajo the people downstairs o below us3(en una escala, jerarquía): de capitán para abajo from the rank of captain down o downward(s)todos tenían de 20 años para abajo they were all 20 or under o 20 or youngersi ganas de $1.000 para abajo if you earn $1,000 or lesslos que tengan de siete para abajo those with seven or under o seven or belowpoco les importa a los jefes lo que opinemos los de abajo the bosses couldn't care less what ordinary workers like us think o ( iro) what rabble like us thinkCompuesto:el/la abajo the undersignedlos abajo firmantes the undersignedB (expresando dirección, movimiento) downcalle abajo down the streetcuesta abajo downhillrío abajo downstream, downrivercayó rodando escaleras abajo he tumbled down the stairstire hacia abajo pull down o downward(s)venirse abajo «estantería/edificio» to collapse;«empresa» to collapse; «persona» to go to piecesCabajo de la cama under the bedno cuesta abajo de un millón it costs at least a millionD (en interjecciones) down with¡abajo la dictadura! down with the dictatorship!* * *
abajo adverbio
1a) (lugar, parte):
en el estante de abajo ( el siguiente) on the shelf below;
( el último) on the bottom shelf;
por abajo underneath;
la parte de abajo the bottom (part)
c) (en una escala, jerarquía):◊ del jefe para abajo from the boss down o downward(s);
de 20 años para abajo 20 or under
2 (expresando dirección, movimiento) down;◊ calle/escaleras abajo down the street/stairs;
tire hacia abajo pull down o downward(s);
desde abajo from below
3
abajo de la cama under the bed
4 ( en interjecciones) down with;◊ ¡abajo la dictadura! down with the dictatorship!
abajo
I adverbio
1 (en un edificio) downstairs: hay otro despacho abajo, there is another office downstairs
2 (posición) below
aquí/allí abajo, down here/there
en el cajón de abajo, in the drawer below
en el (último) cajón de abajo, in the bottom drawer
está más abajo, it's further down
3 (dirección, movimiento) down, downwards
calle/escaleras abajo, down the street/ stairs
hacia abajo, down, downwards
río abajo, downstream
4 (en un libro) below
5 venirse abajo, (una casa) to fall down
(una persona) to go to pieces
(un proyecto) to fall through
II exclamación ¡abajo la dictadura!, down with the dictatorship!
' abajo' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
allá
- allí
- aquí
- arriba
- bajar
- boca
- cuesta
- descender
- echar
- gustar
- hacia
- revés
- río
- tirar
- venirse
- acostar
- ahí
- de
- debajo
- patada
- rodar
- venir
- voltear
- volver
- vuelta
- zarandear
English:
below
- bikini
- bottom
- crack
- down
- downhill
- downstairs
- downstream
- downward
- downwards
- drift
- face
- fall apart
- glance down
- hand up
- look down
- prone
- pull over
- push
- river
- round down
- scroll
- slip down
- stay down
- stomach
- there
- throw down
- topple
- tumble
- tumble down
- under
- underneath
- beat
- beneath
- blow
- break
- demolish
- dog
- fall
- fold
- from
- head
- kick
- knock
- look
- rack
- ransack
- roll
- rot
- run
* * *♦ adv1. [posición] [en general] below;[en edificio] downstairs;boca abajo face down;de abajo bottom;el estante de abajo the bottom shelf;si no quieres subir hasta la cumbre, espérame abajo if you don't want to climb to the top, wait for me at the bottom;tengo el coche abajo en la calle my car is parked down in the street;vive (en el piso de) abajo she lives downstairs;está aquí/allí abajo it's down here/there;abajo del todo right at the bottom;más abajo further down;la parte de abajo the bottom;Italia va dos puntos abajo Italy are two points down, Italy are losing by two points;venirse abajo [proyecto, edificio] to fall down, to collapse;[persona] to go to pieces2. [dirección] down;ve abajo [en edificio] go downstairs;tirar hacia abajo to pull down;calle/escaleras abajo down the street/the stairs;cuesta abajo downhill;tres portales más abajo three doors further along;río abajo downstreamde tenientes para abajo everyone of the rank of lieutenant and below;abajo de less than4. [en un texto] below;la dirección se encuentra más abajo the address is given below;el abajo citado… the undermentioned…;el abajo firmante the undersigned;los abajo firmantes the undersigned♦ interj¡abajo…! down with…!;¡abajo la dictadura! down with the dictatorship!♦ abajo de loc prepAm below, under;el gato se escondió abajo de la mesa the cat hid under the table;una fiesta así no te va a salir abajo del millón de pesos you won't be able to organize a party like that for under a million pesos* * *I advponlo ahí abajo put it down there;el abajo firmante the undersigned;cuesta abajo downhill;empuja hacia abajo push down;ir para abajo fig drop, go down:de diez para abajo ten or under, ten or belowII prp:abajo de L.Am. underIII int:¡abajo los traidores! down with the traitors!* * *abajo adv1) : downpóngalo más abajo: put it further downarriba y abajo: up and down2) : downstairs3) : under, beneathel abajo firmante: the undersigned4) : down with¡abajo la inflación!: down with inflation!5)abajo de : under, beneath6)de abajo : bottomel cajón de abajo: the bottom drawer7)hacia abajo orpara abajo : downwards8)cuesta abajo : downhill9)río abajo : downstream* * *abajo1 adv down / downstairsabajo2 interj down with...!¡abajo la opresión! down with oppression! -
43 obligation
obligation [ɔbligasjɔ̃]1. feminine nouna. ( = contrainte) obligationb. ( = dette) obligationc. ( = titre) bond2. plural feminine noun* * *ɔbligasjɔ̃1) ( devoir) (professionnel, moral, familial) obligation, responsibility; ( légal) obligation; ( militaire) obligation, dutyavoir une obligation or des obligations envers quelqu'un — to feel an obligation toward(s) somebody
2) ( nécessité) necessityse voir or trouver dans l'obligation de faire — to be forced to do
3) Finance bond4) Droit obligation5) ( devoir de reconnaissance) liter obligation ( envers toward(s))•Phrasal Verbs:* * *ɔbliɡasjɔ̃ nf1) (= contrainte) obligation2) (généralement pluriel) (= devoir) dutyobligations familiales — family obligations, family responsibilities
3) COMMERCE bond, debentureSee:* * *obligation nf1 ( devoir) (professionnel, moral, familial) obligation, responsibility; ( légal) obligation; ( militaire) obligation, duty; vos obligations de citoyen your obligations as a citizen; faire honneur à ses obligations to honourGB one's obligations; satisfaire à ses obligations to fulfilGB one's obligations ou duties; faire face à ses obligations to face up to one's responsibilities; manquer à ses obligations to fail in one's responsibilities; sans obligation d'achat with no obligation to buy; avec obligation d'achat with the obligation to buy; sans obligation de votre part with no obligation; avec obligation de faire with the obligation to do; ce n'est pas une obligation de les inviter lundi you don't have to invite them on Monday; être dans l'obligation de faire to be under an obligation to do, to be obliged to do; se faire une obligation de faire to feel it one's duty to do; avoir une obligation or des obligations envers qn to feel an obligation toward(s) sb;2 ( nécessité) necessity; se voir or trouver dans l'obligation de faire to be forced into doing;3 Fin bond; obligation convertible convertible bond; obligation d'État government bond; obligation de pacotille junk bond; obligation à taux variable floating rate note;4 Jur obligation; contracter une obligation envers qn to contract an obligation toward(s) sb; s'aquitter d'une obligation to carry out ou meet an obligation; obligation alimentaire maintenance obligation;5 liter ( devoir de reconnaissance) obligation (envers toward, towards GB); avoir d'immenses obligations envers qn to be very grateful to sb;obligation de réserve duty of confidentiality; obligation scolaire compulsory school attendance; obligations militaires, OM military service ¢; être dégagé or libéré des obligations militaires to have done one's military service.[ɔbligasjɔ̃] nom féminin1. [contrainte] obligationobligation de: je suis ou je me vois dans l'obligation de vous expulser I'm obliged ou forced to evict youfaire obligation à quelqu'un de to oblige ou to require somebody tosans obligation d'achat ‘no purchase necessary’obligations familiales family obligations ou commitmentsobligations militaires military obligations ou duties3. DROIT obligationfaire honneur à ses obligations to fulfil one's obligations, to carry out one's dutiesobligation portant un intérêt de 6 % bond bearing interest at 6%obligation échue/négociable matured/marketable bondobligation remboursable ou amortissable redeemable bondobligation privilégiée preference ou preferment bond5. (littéraire) [gratitude] obligationDo I really have to go? Est-ce qu'il faut vraiment que j'y aille ?Do you need to book first? Est-ce qu'il faut réserver ?Am I expected to wear a tie? Dois-je porter une cravate ?You all have to be there by 6 o'clock. Vous devez tous y être pour 6 heuresIt's vital ou essential that you call us as soon as you arrive. Il faut absolument que vous nous appeliez dès que vous arrivezYou must do your homework before you go out. Il faut que tu fasses tes devoirs avant de sortirEducation is compulsory up to the age of 16. La scolarité est obligatoire jusqu'à l'âge de seize ansYou're under no obligation to buy. Vous n'avez pas l'obligation d'acheterYou don't have to come if you don't want to. Tu n'es pas obligé de venir si tu n'as pas envieThere's no need to ask. Ce n'est pas la peine de demanderPlease don't feel you have to leave. Ne vous sentez pas obligé de partir -
44 wel
wel1I 〈de〉II 〈 het〉1 [het goede] welfare, well-being♦voorbeelden:'s levens wel en wee • the vicissitudes of life————————wel2I 〈 bijwoord〉1 [om een bevestiging uit te drukken] 〈zie voorbeelden 1〉2 [om een ontkenning tegen te spreken] 〈zie voorbeelden 2〉3 [goed, juist] well4 [nogal] rather, quite5 [vermoedelijk] probably6 [weliswaar] 〈zie voorbeelden 6〉7 [om bereidwilligheid uit te drukken] 〈zie voorbeelden 7〉8 [ter geruststelling] 〈zie voorbeelden 8〉9 [ter vermaning] 〈zie voorbeelden 9〉10 [om aan te duiden dat er sprake is van een grote hoeveelheid] 〈 met enkelvoud〉 as much as; 〈 met meervoud〉 as many as; 〈 met bijwoord van frequentie〉 as often as11 [minstens] at least, just as15 [in verbinding met ‘en’, na een bijvoeglijk naamwoord] [helemaal] completely, all16 [na een zelfstandig naamwoord; om aan te geven dat de genoemde zaak of persoon ongewone kenmerken heeft] quite (a)♦voorbeelden:1 ik heb je wel gezien! • I saw you!heeft hij het wel gedaan? • did he really do it?hij komt wel • he will come (all right)dat mag wel • that's all right/allowedhij moet wel • he's got tokom jij? misschien wel! • will you come?, I might!ik geloof van wel • I think sohij zegt van wel! • he says yes, he has/will/can 〈enz.〉‘ik doe het niet’, ‘je doet het wel!’ • ‘I won't do it’, ‘oh yes you will!’jij wil niet? ik wel! • you don't want to? well I do!wat deed hij dan wel? • what díd he do, then?meer wel dan niet • more often than notliever wel dan niet • as soon as notniet(es)! wél(les) • 〈 Brits-Engels〉 'tisn't! 'tis!; 〈 Amerikaans-Engels〉 it isn't, it is so/too!; 〈 afhankelijk van werkwoord in voorafgaande zin〉 didn't! did!als hij het niet weet, wie dan wel? • if he doesn't know, who does?als ik me wel herinner • if I remember correctlyen (dat) nog wel op zondag • and on a Sunday, too!‘hoe is het ermee?’ ‘het gaat wel’ • ‘how are you?’ ‘all right’ik mag haar wel • I rather like herik mag dat wel • I quite like thathet kan er wel mee door • it'll dodat zal wel niet • I suppose notje zult wel denken • what will you think?we kunnen nu wel zeggen dat hij de winnaar is • we can assume he's the winnerhij zal het wel niet geweest zijn • I don't think it was himdat kan wel (zijn) • that may be (so)hij zal nu wel in bed liggen • he'll be in bed by now6 dat is wel juist, maar … • true enough, but …Jaap heeft het wel gezegd, maar … • Jaap did say so, but …dát wel • granted, agreedlaat maar, ik ga wel/ik doe het wel • never mind, I'll go/I'll do it8 maak je maar geen zorgen, hij redt zich wel • don't worry, he'll managehet gaat wel weer over • it'll passweet je wel wat dat kost! • do you know what it costs!wil je wel eens luisteren! • will you just listen (to me)!Piet is wel 10 kilo afgevallen • Piet must have lost a good 10 kiloswat moet dat wel niet kosten • I hate to think what that costswel twee keer per week • as often as twice a weekdat is wel zo makkelijk • it would be a lot easier that wayhet lijkt me wel zo verstandig • it seems sensible to mewel een week later • a full week laterdat heb ik wel gezegd • I told you so (didn't I?)dat zeggen er wel meer • they all say that13 wat zullen de mensen er wel van zeggen? • what'll people say?14 och, ik mag hem wel • oh, I think he's all righthij weet wel degelijk dat … • he knows very well that …je kent Piet toch wel? • you know Piet, don't you?je hebt het toch wel vaker gedaan? • surely you've done that before16 hij is me de bedrijfsleider wel • he calls himself a manager?dat was me het dagje wel • that was quite a daydat komt wel eens voor • it happens at timesheb je wel eens Japans gegeten? • have you ever eaten Japanese food?enkelen, en wel de rijksten, … • a few, (namely) the richest, …het kan niet, en wel omdat … • it's not possible, (and that) because …II 〈 bijvoeglijk naamwoord〉1 [formeel] [gezond] well♦voorbeelden:————————wel31 [met betrekking tot een vraag] well2 [met betrekking tot verwondering] well, why♦voorbeelden:1 ik kon mijn les niet leren, jij wel? • I couldn't do my lessons, could you?wel? wat zeg je daarvan? • well? what do you say to that?wel? hoe denk jij erover? • so/well? how about it?2 wel allemachtig! • well I'll be blowed!wel, wel! • well, well!; 〈 misprijzend ook〉 tut tut!wel, wel, wie hebben we daar! Jantje Smit! • (why) if it isn't John Smith!¶ wel nee! • of course not!wel ja! • yes of course!; 〈 ironisch〉 come off it! -
45 entonces
adv.then.si no te gusta, entonces no vayas if you don't like it, then don't gosi no ha llegado, entonces tiene que estar en la oficina if he hasn't arrived yet, then he must still be at the officeel entonces primer ministro the then prime ministerdesde entonces since thenen o por aquel entonces at that timeentonces, ¿vienes o no? are you coming or not, then?intj.1 so, so then, then, well then.2 and then, and so.* * *► adverbio1 (en aquel momento) then2 (en tal caso) so, then\de entonces in those days, of that timedesde entonces since thenen aquel entonces at that timepor (aquel) entonces at that time* * *adv.* * *ADV1) [uso temporal] then, at that timefue entonces que... — it was then that..., that was when...
2) [uso concesivo] so, thenentonces, ¿qué hacemos? — so, what shall we do?, what shall we do then?
¿entonces cómo que no viniste? — then o so why didn't you come?
¡y entonces! — Caribe, Cono Sur why of course!
* * *1) ( en aquel momento) thenpor or en aquel entonces — in those days
2)a) ( introduciendo conclusiones) so¿entonces vienes o te quedas? — so are you coming with us or staying here?
¿él se enteró? - no - ¿entonces? — did he find out? - no - so o well then, what's the problem?
b) ( uso expletivo) well, anywayentonces, como te iba diciendo... — well o anyway, as I was saying...
* * *= then, at this, about this time.Ex. An exposure to ammonia gas destroys the unexposed dye, and the picture can then be taken out into the light and examined.Ex. At this the Queen wept and wailed; but being a clever woman she thought out a plan whereby to save her son.Ex. About this time several of the old crones of the tribe offered their ribald advice on how the new couple should conduct themselves off in the forest together.----* a partir de entonces = from this time on, hereafter, thereafter, whereafter, from then on, thenceforth, henceforth, from that moment on.* aun entonces = even then.* de aquel entonces = of that day.* de entonces = of the day.* desde aquel entonces = thenceforth.* desde entonces = ever since, henceforth, in the interim, since, since that time, since then, henceforward, thenceforth, in the intervening years, ever after, in the intervening period, since that day.* desde entonces hasta la actualidad = from then to the present day.* el entonces + Nombre = the then + Nombre.* en aquel entonces = at the time, the then + Nombre, by this time, at that time, in the course of events, during the course of events, back then, in those days.* entonces al igual que ahora = then as now.* hasta aquel entonces = until that time.* hasta entonces = hitherto, up till then, until that time, until then, till then.* incluso entonces = even then.* justo entonces = immediately.* para aquel entonces = by then.* para entonces = by then.* por aquel entonces = at the time, about that time, by this time.* quién iba a decir entonces que... = little did + Verbo + then that....* si se parece a un pato, anda como un pato y grazna como un pato, en = If it looks like a duck, walks like a duck, and quacks like a duck, then it must be a duck.* * *1) ( en aquel momento) thenpor or en aquel entonces — in those days
2)a) ( introduciendo conclusiones) so¿entonces vienes o te quedas? — so are you coming with us or staying here?
¿él se enteró? - no - ¿entonces? — did he find out? - no - so o well then, what's the problem?
b) ( uso expletivo) well, anywayentonces, como te iba diciendo... — well o anyway, as I was saying...
* * *= then, at this, about this time.Ex: An exposure to ammonia gas destroys the unexposed dye, and the picture can then be taken out into the light and examined.
Ex: At this the Queen wept and wailed; but being a clever woman she thought out a plan whereby to save her son.Ex: About this time several of the old crones of the tribe offered their ribald advice on how the new couple should conduct themselves off in the forest together.* a partir de entonces = from this time on, hereafter, thereafter, whereafter, from then on, thenceforth, henceforth, from that moment on.* aun entonces = even then.* de aquel entonces = of that day.* de entonces = of the day.* desde aquel entonces = thenceforth.* desde entonces = ever since, henceforth, in the interim, since, since that time, since then, henceforward, thenceforth, in the intervening years, ever after, in the intervening period, since that day.* desde entonces hasta la actualidad = from then to the present day.* el entonces + Nombre = the then + Nombre.* en aquel entonces = at the time, the then + Nombre, by this time, at that time, in the course of events, during the course of events, back then, in those days.* entonces al igual que ahora = then as now.* hasta aquel entonces = until that time.* hasta entonces = hitherto, up till then, until that time, until then, till then.* incluso entonces = even then.* justo entonces = immediately.* para aquel entonces = by then.* para entonces = by then.* por aquel entonces = at the time, about that time, by this time.* quién iba a decir entonces que... = little did + Verbo + then that....* si se parece a un pato, anda como un pato y grazna como un pato, en = If it looks like a duck, walks like a duck, and quacks like a duck, then it must be a duck.* * *A1 (en aquel momento) thenno los veo desde entonces I haven't seen them since (then)para entonces ya nadie se acordaba de él by then o by that time nobody remembered himel entonces presidente the then president, the president at that time2 (en aquellos tiempos) then, in those dayspor or en aquel entonces in those days3 (a continuación) thense acercó y entonces me reconoció he came closer and then he recognized meB1 (introduciendo conclusiones) thensi no es así, entonces él me mintió if that's not right, then he lied to me¿entonces vienes o te quedas? are you coming with us or staying here then?, so are you coming with us or staying here?¿él se enteró? — no — ¿entonces? did he find out? — no — so o well then, what's the problem?2 (uso expletivo) well, anywayentonces, como te iba diciendo … well o anyway, as I was saying …* * *
entonces adverbio
1 ( en aquel momento) then;
por or en aquel entonces in those days
2
◊ ¿entonces vienes o te quedas? so are you coming with us or staying here?
◊ entonces, como te iba diciendo … well o anyway, as I was saying …
entonces
I adverbio then: entonces íbamos mucho a la playa, at that time we very often used to go to the beach
entonces nos vemos mañana, we'll meet tomorrow then
hasta entonces, manténme informado, keep me informed until then
II conj then: si no les queda en blanco, entonces cógelo en azul, if there isn't any white left, then take the blue one
♦ Locuciones: por aquel entonces/en aquel entonces, in those days: por aquel entonces tú aún no habías nacido, you still hadn't been born at that time
' entonces' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
bochinche
- hasta
- hipnótica
- hipnótico
- irse
- llover
- para
- partir
- preferir
- pues
- tarde
- venir
- ya
- desde
- novedad
English:
intro
- now
- since
- so
- then
- thenceforth
- thereafter
- well
- zenith
- any
- ever
- gone
- there
- way
- when
- which
* * *entonces adv1. [en ese instante] then;entonces abrí la puerta y salí corriendo then I opened the door and ran out;esperaremos a que se apaguen las luces y entonces salimos we'll wait until the lights go out and then (we'll) leave2. [en esa época] then;entonces yo vivía en Manchester I was living in Manchester at the time;el entonces primer ministro the then prime minister;de entonces of the time, at that time;los periódicos de entonces the newspapers at that time o in those days;desde entonces since then;desde entonces vengo teniendo pesadillas ever since then I've had nightmares;desde entonces son enemigos they have been enemies ever since;en aquel entonces at that time;en aquel entonces nos conocimos we met at that time;hasta entonces until then;hasta entonces, devolvemos la conexión until then, it's back to the studio;para entonces by then;esperan que para entonces las obras estén finalizadas they hope the roadworks will be finished by then;por (aquel) entonces at that time;por (aquel) entonces estaba soltera she was single at the time3. [después] then;¿una bici?, primero aprueba el curso y entonces hablamos a bike? first pass the course and then we'll talk4. [introduciendo conclusión] then;entonces ella es la culpable so she's to blame, then;si no ha llegado, entonces tiene que estar en la oficina if he hasn't arrived yet, then he must still be at the office;si no te gusta, entonces no vayas if you don't like it, then don't go;entonces, ¿vienes o no? are you coming or not, then?;pero entonces, ¿quién lo hizo? well, who did it, then?* * *adv then;desde entonces since, since then;por entonces, en aquel entonces in those days, at that time;hasta entonces until then;¡pues entonces …! then …!;* * *entonces adv1) : then2)desde entonces : since then3)en aquel entonces : in those days* * *entonces adv thenme voy, entonces I'll be off, then -
46 regalar
v.1 to give (as a present) (dar) (de regalo).¿qué le regalarás para Navidad? what are you going to give o get her for Christmas?me regalaron un reloj para mi cumpleaños I got a watch for my birthdaysi lo quieres, te lo regalo if you'd like it, you can have it for free o I'll give it to yousi compras dos, te regalan una if you buy two, you get one free2 to lend. ( Latin American Spanish salvo River Plate)3 to give as a present, to give, to give away, to give as a gift.4 to present with, to give.* * *1 (dar un regalo) to give as a present2 (dar) to give away3 (dar gratis) to give4 (halagar) to flatter5 (deleitar) to delight1 (deleitarse) to treat oneself ( con, to)\regalar el oído a alguien to flatter somebodyregalar la vista to be a pleasure to look at* * *verbto present, give* * *1. VT1) (=dar como regalo) to give, give as a presentregalar algo a algn — to give sb sth, make sb a present of sth
en su jubilación le regalaron este reloj — they gave him this clock on his retirement, they presented him with this clock on his retirement
regaló el balón — (Dep) he gave the ball away
2) frm (=agasajar)regalar a algn con un banquete — to hold a dinner in sb's honour o (EEUU) honor
2.See:* * *1.verbo transitivoa) ( obsequiar)¿qué te regalaron para tu cumpleaños? — what did you get for your birthday?
¿por qué no me lo regalas? — why don't you give it to me?
b) ( vender muy barato) to sell... at bargain prices2.regalar vi1) (frml) (deleitar, agasajar)regalar a alguien CON algo: nos regaló con algunas anécdotas he regaled o entertained us with a few stories; les regaló los oídos con una sonata — she delighted their ears with a sonata (frml)
2) (CS) ( vender muy barato) to sell things at bargain prices* * *= give away, bargain away, gift + Nombre + with.Ex. This must be done in a fully commercial way, not by giving away machines or paper, nor by giving away imported books.Ex. Reduced support is a fact of life, and librarians cannot bargain away their budget pressures.Ex. Life has not blessed her with parental love, but has gifted her with beauty that's the world's envy.----* los hay para dar y regalar = there's one born every minute.* regalarse la vista con = feast + Posesivo + eyes on.* regalarse los ojos con = feast + Posesivo + eyes on.* * *1.verbo transitivoa) ( obsequiar)¿qué te regalaron para tu cumpleaños? — what did you get for your birthday?
¿por qué no me lo regalas? — why don't you give it to me?
b) ( vender muy barato) to sell... at bargain prices2.regalar vi1) (frml) (deleitar, agasajar)regalar a alguien CON algo: nos regaló con algunas anécdotas he regaled o entertained us with a few stories; les regaló los oídos con una sonata — she delighted their ears with a sonata (frml)
2) (CS) ( vender muy barato) to sell things at bargain prices* * *= give away, bargain away, gift + Nombre + with.Ex: This must be done in a fully commercial way, not by giving away machines or paper, nor by giving away imported books.
Ex: Reduced support is a fact of life, and librarians cannot bargain away their budget pressures.Ex: Life has not blessed her with parental love, but has gifted her with beauty that's the world's envy.* los hay para dar y regalar = there's one born every minute.* regalarse la vista con = feast + Posesivo + eyes on.* regalarse los ojos con = feast + Posesivo + eyes on.* * *regalar [A1 ]vt1(obsequiar): ¿qué te regalaron para tu cumpleaños? what did you get for your birthday?si no lo quieres ¿por qué no me lo regalas? if you don't want it, why don't you give it to me?comprando dos camisas, regalan una if you buy two shirts, they give you one o you get one freele regalaron un reloj de oro para su despedida he was given a gold watch as a leaving gift o ( BrE) present2 (vender muy barato) to sell … at bargain prices[ S ] regalamos la mercadería everything at giveaway o bargain prices■ regalarviA ( frml) (deleitar, agasajar) regalar a algn CON algo:regaló a los presentes con algunas de sus entretenidas anécdotas he regaled o entertained the assembled company with a few of his amusing storiesnos regaló los oídos con una preciosa sonata she delighted our ears with a beautiful sonata ( frml)B (CS) (vender muy barato) to sell things at bargain prices* * *
regalar ( conjugate regalar) verbo transitivoa) ( obsequiar):◊ ¿qué te regalaron para tu cumpleaños? what did you get for your birthday?;
le regalaron un reloj de oro he was given a gold watch
regalar verbo transitivo
1 (un obsequio) (a alguien concreto) to give (as a present): me regaló una pulsera, he gave me a bracelet
(en general, a nadie en concreto) to give away: estaban regalando globos, they were giving balloons away
figurado se ha ganado lo que tiene, nadie le ha regalado nada, he's worked for everything that he owns; nobody has given him anything for free
2 (objetos, ropa, etc en oferta) fam to sell at bargain prices
♦ Locuciones: regalar los oídos, to flatter o delight (sb's ears)
' regalar' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
oído
- dar
- encimar
English:
away
- give
- give away
- present
- throw in
* * *♦ vt1. [dar] [de regalo] to give [as a present];[gratis] to give away;¿qué le regalarás para Navidad? what are you going to give o get her for Christmas?;me regalaron un reloj para mi cumpleaños I got a watch for my birthday;si lo quieres, te lo regalo if you'd like it, you can have it for free o I'll give it to you;si compras dos, te regalan una if you buy two, you get one freeles regalaron con muchas atenciones they showered them with attentions;esta música regala los oídos this music is a joy to listen to4. Méx, RP [facilitar]el referí les regaló el triunfo the referee handed them the victory on a plate;ese profesor regala los exámenes the exams that teacher sets are dead easy* * *v/t:regalar algo a alguien give sth to s.o., give s.o. sth;los oídos con delight one’s ears with* * *regalar vt1) obsequiar: to present (as a gift), to give away2) : to regale, to entertain3) : to flatter, to make a fuss over* * *regalar vb -
47 як
I ч зоол.( тибетський бик) yakII пр.1) (яким чином, якою мірою) howяк би це зробити? — how is it to be done, I wonder?
як (ви) — поживаєте?, як ся маєте? how do you do?, how are you?
як це так? — how is so?, how is that?
як довго? — how long? як справи? how are you getting on?, how are things?
2) (при запитанні про ім'я, назву тощо) what3) (при висловленні обурення, здивування) whatяк, він пішов? — what, he has already gone?
4)як не…, хоч як… — however…
як не важко — however difficult it is; як не пізно however late it is
як би то (там) не було — at any rate; however that may be
як кому, кому як — it is not the same with everybody
ось як! — really!, you don't say so!
як би не так! — not likely!, nothing of the kind!
як вам сказати — how shall/should I put it?
як видно — evidently, apparently
III спол.як видно — з as can/may be seen, as evident ( з чого-небудь - from)
1) ( при порівнянні) as, likeлютий, як тигр — fierce as a tiger
я живу, як інші — І live as others do
як і раніше — as before, previously
як і у випадку — as with, as in the case of, as is the case with
як вкопаний — stock-still, transfixed, rooted to the ground, stone-still
як навмисно — as ( ill) luck would have
2) ( коли) when; ( відтоді як) sinceяк тільки — as soon as; when
в той час, як — whereas, while
до того, як — till, until
після того, як — since
3) (крім, тільки) but, except; як не but4) ( якщо) if; ащо, як він спитає? — and what if he asks?
5)як…, то… — if…, then…
як не хочеш, то й не йди туди — don't go there if you don't want to
як наприклад — as, for instance
як раптом — when suddenly, when all of a sudden, when all at once
як на нього — as to him, for his part, as far as he is concerned
як би не… — however…, no matter how
як завжди — as ever, as always, as usual
як…, так — і both… and…
як ведеться — as usual, is customary, is the custom
як з'ясувалося — as it turned out, as it proved
як мовиться, як кажуть — as they say, as the saying goes
як же! — sure!; why, of course!
як сказати — it all depends; how shall I put it, how shall I say
як відомо — as is well known, as everybody knows
як мінімум — at the minimum, at the least
як не дивно — strangely enough, strange though ( it may seem); як одне ціле as a single whole, as a unit; як заведено, як належить, як
годиться — properly, duly; downright, as it should be, as expected; як правило as a rule, generally, usually; як
прийнято — as is the convention, as is customary
як — так? you don't say!; як завгодно anyhow, however; any way one likes; як
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48 если
союз1) (в случае, при условии что) ifе́сли он бу́дет свобо́ден, он сде́лает э́то — if he is free he will do it
е́сли уче́сть, что — if one takes into account that
2) (хотя, в то время как - при сравнении) whereas, while••е́сли бы — if only
е́сли бы он знал, он не пошёл бы — if he had known, he would not have gone
е́сли бы не — if it were not for; were it not for; but for
е́сли бы не она́, он никогда́ э́того не сде́лал бы — if it were not for her [but for her] he would never have done it
е́сли бы не дождь, он пошёл бы гуля́ть — if it were not for the rain he would go for a walk
о е́сли бы — (oh) if only
о е́сли бы он пришёл! — (oh) if only he would come!
е́сли бы (э́то бы́ло) так! — I wish it were so!
е́сли не — if not; unless
е́сли не хо́чешь, не ходи́ туда́ — don't go there if you don't want to
е́сли то́лько (только при условии, что) — provided
е́сли то́лько он придёт — provided he comes
е́сли то́лько не — unless
вы́броси э́то, е́сли то́лько не хо́чешь оста́вить себе́ — throw it away unless you want to keep it
в слу́чае, е́сли — in case; in the event that
в слу́чае, е́сли она́ не придёт — in case she doesn't come
е́сли и — even if
е́сли он и был там, я его́ не ви́дел — even if he was there I did not see him
е́сли..., то — if..., then
е́сли вы не пойдёте, то я пойду́ — if you don't go, (then) I shall
что е́сли? — what if?, suppose
что, е́сли он узна́ет об э́том? — what if he finds out about it?
(а) что е́сли (бы) (вводит идею, предлагаемую для обсуждения) — what / how about (+ ger)
(а) что е́сли бы вы зашли́ к нему́? — what / how about your going to see him?, what if you went to see him?
(а) что е́сли мы пообе́даем? — how about having lunch?
е́сли бы да кабы́ разг. — ≈ if ifs and ans were pots and pans
е́сли поду́мать, то — come to think of it
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49 to
Ⅰ pron. 1. (zamiast podmiotu, dopełnienia) it; (nie tamto) this- „co to jest?” – „to jest książka” ‘what’s this/that?’ – ‘it’s a book’- kto to? who’s this/that?- i co ty na to? (and) what do you say to that?- to mi się nie podoba I don’t like it- daj mi to give that/it to me- to ma być małżeństwo? you call this a marriage?- co to ma znaczyć? what’s that supposed to mean?- to są poważne sprawy these are serious issues- było to w piątek it was on a Friday- to, co się później działo, trudno wyjaśnić what happened next is hard to explain- nie znalazła tego, czego szukała she didn’t find what she was looking for- to, z kim i dokąd chodzę, jest moją sprawą where I go and who (I go) with is my affair- nie troszczy się o to, czy będzie miał za co utrzymać rodzinę he doesn’t care about whether he’ll be able to provide for his family- boleli nad tym, że nie mogli nam pomóc they were sorry they couldn’t help us- zawsze marzyłam o tym, żeby być chłopcem I always dreamed of being a boy2. (zamiast czasownika) Ziemia to planeta the Earth is a planet- czas to pieniądz time is money- lwy to drapieżniki lions are predators- oglądanie telewizji to strata czasu watching television is a waste of time- żyć to pracować to live is a. means to work- sześć i osiem to czternaście six and eight is fourteen- chłopcy to chłopcy boys will be boys- wojna to wojna war is war- to miło z pana strony that’s (very) nice of you- to fajnie, że przyszedłeś pot. it’s great to see you a. that you made it pot.3. euf. (seks) it euf., pot.; (narządy płciowe) sex euf., pot. Ⅱ part. (ekspresywne) a to (dopiero) pech! what bad a. rotten luck!- a to z jakiej racji? and why is that exactly?; why is that, pray? iron.- a czemu to taka smutna? why are you so sad?- kogo to ja widzę? well, well, what a surprise!- a bo to ja wiem? how should a. would I know?- no to co z tego? well, what of it?- a to się wszyscy zdziwią! that’ll surprise them!- podobno to Stefan dostał nagrodę, nie Maria apparently it was Stefan who got the prize, not MariaⅢ conj. 1. (w konstrukcjach współrzędnych) (on) ma pieniądze, to je wydaje he’s got money, so he spends it- poszukaj, to znajdziesz look for it and you’ll find it- byłem w tym roku na południu Europy, to jest w Grecji i we Włoszech I was in southern Europe this year, that’s to say Greece and Italy- przeprosiłem ją, to znaczy niezupełnie przeprosiłem, próbowałem tylko I apologized to her, that is not exactly apologized, but I tried to2. (w zdaniach warunkowych) kiedy ma czas, to się z nią spotyka when s/he has time s/he sees her- gdybyś czegoś potrzebował, to napisz write if you need anything- skoro tak mówię, to wiem I (should) know what I’m saying- nie chcesz, to nie, sam to zjem if you don’t want it, too bad – I’ll have it- przyjdzie to przyjdzie, a jak nie przyjdzie – też dobrze if he comes, he comes, if he doesn’t, he doesn’t- to bladł, to czerwieniał he went white and red by turns■ ni to, ni sio a. ni to, ni owo neither one thing nor the other- ni z tego, ni z owego all of a sudden- to i owo this and that- gawędzili o tym i owym they talked about this and that- skarżą się, że tego, tamtego im brak they complain about not having this or that- to jest to! that’s it! a. what we’re looking for!* * *1. pron( zaimek wskazujący) thisto jest lampa — this lub it is a lamp
co/kto to jest? — what's/who's this?
to mi się podoba, a tamto nie — I like this one, but I don't like that one ( w funkcji ekspresywnej)
2. conjjak to? — how so?, how come?
jeśli chcesz, to idź — go if you like
3. invgdybyś czegoś potrzebował, to zadzwoń — call if you (should) need anything
czas to pieniądz — time is money* * *I.to1a.zob. ten.II.to2pron.indecl.1. ( zastępuje podmiot) it; to nic it's nothing; to prawda it's true; to tutaj it's here; to ty? is that you?; kto to? who is it?, who's this?; (= kto tam?) who's that?; to jest to! this is it!; otóż to! exactly!; that's (just) it!conj.chcesz, to idź go if you like; jak skończysz, to posprzątaj clean up when you finish; co jeden, to głupszy each one is more stupid than the other; co kraj, to obyczaj other countries other laws, every country has its habits/customs; co wstał, to się przewrócił every time he got up, he (instantly) fell; co to, to nie! no way!; jak nie, to nie if no, fine; jeśli przyjdzie, to nie otwieraj if he comes, don't open; oglądała to jeden, to drugi palec she was watching (now) one finger then another one; przyszedł wieczorem, to jest około szóstej he came in the evening, that is around six.particle( o charakterze ekspresywnym) to ci bezczelność! what cheek!; to ci (dopiero) pech! bad l. tough luck!; co to za łobuz! what a rascal!; no to co (z tego)? so what?The New English-Polish, Polish-English Kościuszko foundation dictionary > to
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50 dé
de [də]━━━━━━━━━1. preposition2. article━━━━━━━━━1. <━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━► Lorsque de fait partie d'une locution du type décider de, content de, de plus en plus, reportez-vous à l'autre mot.━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━a. (provenance) from• les voisins du 2e étage the neighbours on the 2nd floorc. (destination) tod. (appartenance) of━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━► Lorsque de sert à exprimer l'appartenance, il se traduit par of ; on préférera toutefois souvent le génitif lorsque le possesseur est une personne ou un animal.━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━► Après un pluriel se terminant par un s, l'apostrophe s'utilise sans s.━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━► On ajoute cependant le 's après un nom commun se terminant par ss.━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━► Dans le cas où le possesseur est une chose, l'anglais supprime parfois le 's.━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━• les romanciers du 20e siècle 20th-century novelistsf. (matière)━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━► En anglais, un nom en apposition sert souvent à décrire la matière dont quelque chose est fait.━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━• c'est de qui ? who is it by?i. ( = avec)━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━► Lorsque de signifie avec, au moyen de, à l'aide de, ou exprime la manière ou la cause, la traduction dépend du contexte ; reportez-vous à l'autre mot.━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━j. ( = par) il gagne 30 € de l'heure he earns 30 euros an hourk. ( = durant) de jour during the day• il est d'une bêtise ! he's so stupid!• tu as de ces idées ! you have the strangest ideas!• une pièce de 6 m2 a room 6 metres square• un chèque de 100 € a cheque for 100 euros► de... à from... to• de chez moi à la gare, il y a 5 km it's 5km from my house to the station2. <━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━► L'article de n'est souvent pas traduit mais il peut parfois être rendu par some.━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━• au déjeuner, nous avons eu du poulet we had chicken for lunch• c'est du vol ! that's robbery!b. (interrogation, hypothèse)━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━• accepteriez-vous de l'argent liquide ? would you take cash?• as-tu de l'argent ? have you got any money?• as-tu rencontré des randonneurs ? did you meet any hikers?• si tu achètes du vin, j'en prendrai aussi if you buy some wine, I'll buy some too━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━► Dans les offres polies, on utilise plus souvent some.━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━• voulez-vous des œufs ? would you like some eggs?• vous ne voulez vraiment pas de vin ? are you sure you don't want some wine?c. ► pas... de... not any... no...* * *(d' before vowel or mute h) də, d préposition1) ( indiquant l'origine) fromà 20 mètres de là — 20 metres [BrE] from there
un vin de Grèce — ( rapporté de là-bas) a wine from Greece; ( fait là-bas) a Greek wine
2) ( indiquant la progression)de...à, de...en — from...to
3) ( indiquant la destination) to4) ( indiquant la cause)5) ( indiquant la manière) in6) ( indiquant le moyen) with7) ( indiquant l'agent) by8) ( indiquant la durée)travailler de nuit/de jour — to work at night/during the day
9) (indiquant l'appartenance, la dépendance)le vin du tonneau — ( qui s'y trouve) the wine in the barrel; ( qu'on a tiré) the wine from the barrel
11) ( détermination par le contenu) of12) ( détermination par la quantité) ofune minute de silence — one minute of silence, a minute's silence
13) ( détermination par le lieu) of14) ( détermination par le temps) of15) (détermination par la dimension, la mesure)être long de 20 mètres — to be 20 metres [BrE] long
16) (détermination par la nature, fonction, matière)17) ( apposition) ofl'ourlet a deux centimètres de trop — the hem is two centimetres [BrE] too long
quelque chose/rien de nouveau — something/nothing new
c'est quelqu'un de célèbre — he's/she's famous
c'est ça de fait — (colloq) that's that out of the way
19) ( avec un infinitif)20) ( après un déverbal)21) ( après un superlatif) gén of; ( avec un lieu ou ensemble assimilé) in22) (colloq) (en corrélation avec le pronom un, une)pour une gaffe, c'en est une, de gaffe! — as blunders go, that was a real one!
23) ( dans une comparaison chiffrée) thanplus/moins de 10 — more/less than 10
••
Certains emplois de la préposition de sont traités ailleurs dans le dictionnaire, notammentlorsque de introduit le complément de verbes transitifs indirects comme douter de, jouer de, de verbes à double complément comme recevoir quelque chose de quelqu'un, de certains noms comme désir de, obligation de, de certains adjectifs comme fier de, plein delorsque de fait partie de locutions comme d'abord, de travers ou de composés comme chemin de fer, pomme de terreD'autres renvois essentiels apparaissent dans l'entrée ci-dessous, mais on se reportera également aux notes d'usage répertoriées pour certaines constructionsde article indéfini pluriel est traité avec un IL'article partitif: de, de l', de la, duLorsqu'il exprime une généralité non quantifiée ou une alternative, de, article partitif ne se traduit pas: manger de la viande/du lapin/des oeufs = to eat meat/rabbit/eggs; il ne boit jamais de vin = he never drinks wine; tu prends du café au petit déjeuner? = do you have coffee for breakfast?; voulez-vous de la bière ou du vin? = would you like beer or wine?; il ne veut pas de vin mais de la bière = he doesn't want wine, he wants beerLorsque l'idée de quantité est présente il se traduit par some ou any: achète de la bière/des bananes = buy some beer/some bananas; voulez-vous de la bière? = would you like some beer?; évidemment, tu leur as donné de l'argent? = of course, you gave them some money?; y a-t-il du soleil? = is there any sun?; il n'y a pas de soleil = there isn't any sun, there's no sun; il y a rarement du soleil = there's seldom any sun; il n'y a jamais de soleil = there's never any sun; il n'y a plus de vin = there isn't any more wineEt lorsque qu'il s'agit d'une partie déterminée d'un tout, il se traduit par some of ou any of: elle a mangé des gâteaux que j'ai achetés = she has eaten some of the cakes I bought; a-t-elle bu du vin que j'ai apporté? = did she drink any of the wine I brought?; je ne prendrai plus de ce mélange = I won't take any more of this mixture* * *de1. nm1) (à jouer) dice2) (dé à coudre) thimble2. dés nmpl1) (= jeu) dice, game of dice2) CUISINE* * *1 ( indiquant l'origine) from; leur départ/le train de Bruxelles their departure/the train from Brussels; il arrive du Japon he's just come from Japan; de la fenêtre, on peut voir… from the window, one can see…; à 20 mètres de là 20 metresGB from there; de ce moment fml from that moment; un enfant de mon premier mari/mariage a child by my first husband/from my first marriage; elle est de Taiwan she's from Taiwan; un vin de Grèce ( rapporté de là-bas) a wine from Greece; ( fait là-bas) a Greek wine; né de parents immigrés born of immigrant parents; il est de père italien et de mère chinoise his father is Italian and his mother Chinese; le bébé est de février the baby was born in February; de méfiant il est devenu paranoïaque he went from being suspicious to being paranoid; d'ici là between now and then; d'ici la fin du mois by the end of the month; ⇒ par;2 ( indiquant la progression) de…à, de…en from…to; de 8 à 10 heures from 8 to 10 (o'clock); de mardi à samedi, du mardi au samedi from Tuesday to Saturday; du matin au soir from morning till night; d'une semaine à l'autre from one week to the next; de Lisbonne à Berlin from Lisbon to Berlin; de l'équateur aux pôles from the equator to the poles; de ville en ville from town to town; d'heure en heure from hour to hour; de déception en désillusion from disappointment to disillusion; ⇒ Charybde, long, moins, moment, place, plus;3 ( indiquant la destination) to; le train de Paris the train to Paris, the Paris train;4 ( indiquant la cause) mourir de soif/de chagrin/d'une pneumonie to die of thirst/of a broken heart/of pneumonia; phobie de l'eau/la foule fear of water/crowds; des larmes de désespoir tears of despair; un hurlement de terreur a scream of terror; pleurer de rage to cry with rage; hurler de terreur to scream with terror; trembler de froid to shiver with cold; ⇒ joie;5 ( indiquant la manière) in; parler d'un ton monocorde to speak in a monotone; s'exprimer de manière élégante to express oneself in an elegant way; plaisanterie d'un goût douteux joke in dubious taste; tirer de toutes ses forces to pull with all one's might; il a répondu d'un geste obscène he answered with an obscene gesture; ⇒ beau, cœur, concert, mémoire, tac, trait;6 ( indiquant le moyen) with; pousser qch du pied to push sth aside with one's foot; soulever qch d'une main to lift sth with one hand; gravure/graver de la pointe d'un couteau engraving/to engrave with the point of a knife; suspendu des deux mains hanging by two hands; déjeuner/vivre de saucisses et de haricots to lunch/to live on sausages and beans; il a fait de sa chambre un bureau he made his bedroom into a study; ⇒ coup, coude;7 ( indiquant l'agent) by; un poème/dessin de Victor Hugo a poem/drawing by Victor Hugo; avoir un enfant de qn to have a child by sb; respecté de tous respected by all;8 ( indiquant la durée) travailler de nuit/de jour to work at night/during the day; ne rien faire de la journée/semaine to do nothing all day/week; de ma vie je n'avais vu ça I had never seen such a thing in my life; ⇒ temps;9 (indiquant l'appartenance, la dépendance) les chapeaux de Paul/de mon frère/de mes parents Paul's/my brother's/my parents' hats; les oreilles de l'ours/de mon chat the bear's/my cat's ears; la politique de leur gouvernement/de la France their government's/France's policy, the policy of their government/of France; un élève du professeur Talbin one of professor Talbin's students; l'immensité de l'espace/la mer the immensity of space/the sea; le toit de la maison the roof of the house; la porte de la chambre the bedroom door; les rideaux de la chambre sont sales the bedroom curtains are dirty; j'ai lavé les rideaux de la chambre I washed the bedroom curtains; le cadran du téléphone the dial on the telephone; c'est bien de lui it's just like him;10 ( détermination par le contenant) le foin de la grange the hay in the barn; le vin du tonneau ( qui s'y trouve) the wine in the barrel; ( qu'on a tiré) the wine from the barrel;11 ( détermination par le contenu) of; une tasse de café a cup of coffee; un sac de charbon a sack of coal;12 ( détermination par la quantité) of; cinq pages de roman five pages of a novel; deux mètres de tissu two metresGB of material; trois litres de vin three litresGB of wine; une minute de silence one minute of silence, a minute's silence; quatre heures de musique four hours of music; deux milliardièmes de seconde two billionths of a second; le quart de mes économies a quarter of my savings; la totalité or l'ensemble de leurs œuvres the whole of their works; les sept maisons du hameau the seven houses of the hamlet;13 ( détermination par le lieu) of; les pyramides d'Égypte the pyramids of Egypt; le roi de Brunéi the King of Brunei; le premier ministre du Japon the prime minister of Japan, the Japanese prime minister; le comte de Monte-Cristo the Count of Monte-Cristo;14 ( détermination par le temps) of; les ordinateurs de demain the computers of tomorrow; le 20 du mois the 20th of the month; la réunion de samedi Saturday's meeting; la réunion du 20 juin the meeting on 20 June; le train de 15 heures the 3 o'clock train; les ventes de juin the June sales;15 (détermination par la dimension, la mesure) un livre de 200 pages a 200-page book; un spectacle de deux heures a two-hour show; une grue de 50 tonnes a 50-tonne crane; être long de 20 mètres, avoir 20 mètres de long to be 20 metresGB long; 20 euros de l'heure 20 euros an hour; enceinte de trois mois three months' pregnant; on aura deux heures d'attente we'll have a two-hour wait; on aura deux heures de retard we'll be two hours late; trop lourd de trois kilos three kilos too heavy; plus/moins de trois more/less than three; elle est la plus âgée/jeune de deux ans she's the oldest/youngest by two years;16 (détermination par la nature, fonction, matière) un billet de train a train ticket; une statue de cristal a crystal statue; un livre de géographie a geography book; un professeur de botanique a botany teacher; un chapeau de cow-boy a cowboy hat; une salle de réunion a meeting room; une robe de coton rouge a red cotton dress; une bulle d'air/de savon an air/a soap bubble; un joueur de tennis a tennis player; un produit de qualité a quality product; un travail de qualité quality work; un spécialiste de l'électronique an electronics expert, an expert in electronics; un homme de bon sens a man of common sense; la théorie de la relativité the theory of relativity; ⇒ bois, laine;17 ( apposition) of; le mois de juillet the month of July; la ville de Singapour the city of Singapore; le titre de duc the title of duke; le nom de Flore the name Flore; le terme de quark the term quark;18 ( avec attribut du nom ou du pronom) trois personnes de tuées three people killed; une jambe de cassée a broken leg; un seul ticket de valable only one valid ticket; deux heures de libres two hours free; 200 euros de plus 200 euros more; l'ourlet a deux centimètres de trop the hem is two centimetresGB too long; ton imbécile de frère your stupid brother; quelque chose/rien de nouveau something/nothing new; je n'ai jamais rien vu de semblable I've never seen anything like it; c'est quelqu'un de célèbre he's/she's famous; c'est ça de fait○ that's that out of the way, that's that taken care of;19 ( avec un infinitif) de la voir ainsi me peinait seeing her like that upset me; ça me peinait de la voir ainsi it upset me to see her like that; et eux/toute la salle de rire and they/the whole audience laughed; être content de faire to be happy to do;20 ( après un déverbal) le filtrage de l'eau pose de gros problèmes filtering water poses big problems; le remplacement de la chaudière a coûté très cher replacing the boiler was very expensive;21 ( après un superlatif) gén of; ( avec un lieu ou ensemble assimilé) in; le plus jeune des trois frères the youngest of the three brothers; le roi des rois the king of kings; le plus grand restaurant de la ville the biggest restaurant in the town; le plus vieux de la classe/famille the oldest in the class/family;22 ○(en corrélation avec le pronom un, une) pour une gaffe, c'en est une, de gaffe! as blunders go, that was a real one!; est-ce que j'en ai une, moi, de voiture? and me, have I got a car?;23 ( dans une comparaison chiffrée) than; plus/moins de 10 more/less than 10.[de] nom masculincoup de dé ou dés throw of the dice3. COUTURE -
51 possibile
1. adj possibleil più presto possibile as soon as possible2. m: fare il possibile do everything one can, do one's best* * *possibile agg.1 possible: è possibile farlo, it is possible to do it; è ancora possibile che venga, he may still come (o it is still possible that he will come); non credo mi sarà possibile essere qui, I do not think it will be possible for me to be here (o I don't think I'll be able to be here); questo non mi è possibile, I can't possibly do it; la polizia sta cercando ogni indizio possibile e immaginabile, the police are looking for any evidence whatsoever; fallo il meglio possibile, do it as well as you can; sarò qui il più presto possibile, I'll be here as soon as possible; il più, il meno possibile, as much, as little as possible; ma possibile che tu faccia sempre tardi?, is it possible (o can it be possible) that you are always late?; possibile che tu non mi voglia aiutare?, is it possible that you don't want to help me?; questa è una soluzione possibile, this is a possible solution; ritengo che una vittoria sia possibile anche se non probabile, I think a victory is possible though not probable; questo è possibilissimo, ma non ci credo, this is very possible but I don't believe it; ''Credi sia stato Paolo?'' ''é possibile'', ''Do you think it was Paul?'' ''It's possible''; ''possibile? '', ''can it be possible?; ''Sei ancora qui! Ma non è possibile!'', ''You are still here! It can't be true!''◆ s.m. possible: fare tutto il possibile, to do everything possible (o to do one's best o to do all one can); si farà tutto nei limiti del possibile, whatsoever is possible shall be done.* * *[pos'sibile]1. agg(gen) possible, (fattibile: progetto, piano) feasibleè possibile che arrivi più tardi — he may o might arrive later
cerca di venir presto, se possibile — try to come early, if possible o if you can
ha trovato tutte le scuse possibili e immaginabili per non venire — he came up with every excuse imaginable for not coming
non è possibile! — (irrealizzabile) it's not possible!, (falso) that can't be true!
possibile? — (sorpresa) well I never!
2. smfare il possibile — to do everything possible o everything in one's power
* * *[pos'sibile] 1.1) (realizzabile) possiblerendere possibile qcs. — to make sth. possible
il più presto, tardi possibile — as soon, late as possible
il più, meno possibile — as much, little as possible
per quanto possibile — as much as possible, where possible
2) (che può accadere, potenziale) possiblenon è possibile, ma come è possibile! — I don't believe it! that can't be true!
2.come è possibile che...? — how does o can it happen that...?
sostantivo maschilefare (tutto) il possibile — to do one's best, to do everything possible
* * *possibile/pos'sibile/1 (realizzabile) possible; se (è) possibile if possible; oggi non mi sarà possibile spostarmi I won't be able to get out today; rendere possibile qcs. to make sth. possible; sarebbe possibile avere un caffè? any chance of a coffee? colloq.; non appena possibile as soon as possible; il più presto, tardi possibile as soon, late as possible; il più vicino possibile alla stazione as close to the station as possible; il più, meno possibile as much, little as possible; per quanto possibile as much as possible, where possible2 (che può accadere, potenziale) possible; si annunciano -i disagi sulle linee aeree there is a possibility of airline delays; un possibile candidato a potential candidate; tutto è possibile anything is possible; non è possibile, ma come è possibile! I don't believe it! that can't be true! possibile? can this be possible? come è possibile che...? how does o can it happen that...?il possibile (the) possible; fare (tutto) il possibile to do one's best, to do everything possible. -
52 to
1. pron1) (zaimek wskazujący) this2)to prawda — it's the truthto jest kot — this lub it is a cat
co/kto to jest? — what's/who's this?
3)a to chuligan! — what a lout!4)jak to? — how so?, how come?
2. conjjeśli chcesz, to przyjedź — come if you want
nie chcesz, to nie — if you don't want to, you don't want to
3. invczas to pieniądz — time is money -
53 alimento saludable
(n.) = wholesome food, healthy foodEx. When you are unemployed, which is to say when you are underfed, harassed, bored, and miserable, you don't want to eat dull wholesome food.Ex. Accordingly, it is best for children to eat between 4 and 6 times daily, with an emphasis on the healthy foods listed above.* * *(n.) = wholesome food, healthy foodEx: When you are unemployed, which is to say when you are underfed, harassed, bored, and miserable, you don't want to eat dull wholesome food.
Ex: Accordingly, it is best for children to eat between 4 and 6 times daily, with an emphasis on the healthy foods listed above. -
54 alimento sano
m.health food.* * *(n.) = wholesome food, healthy foodEx. When you are unemployed, which is to say when you are underfed, harassed, bored, and miserable, you don't want to eat dull wholesome food.Ex. Accordingly, it is best for children to eat between 4 and 6 times daily, with an emphasis on the healthy foods listed above.* * *(n.) = wholesome food, healthy foodEx: When you are unemployed, which is to say when you are underfed, harassed, bored, and miserable, you don't want to eat dull wholesome food.
Ex: Accordingly, it is best for children to eat between 4 and 6 times daily, with an emphasis on the healthy foods listed above. -
55 comida saludable
(n.) = wholesome food, healthy foodEx. When you are unemployed, which is to say when you are underfed, harassed, bored, and miserable, you don't want to eat dull wholesome food.Ex. Accordingly, it is best for children to eat between 4 and 6 times daily, with an emphasis on the healthy foods listed above.* * *(n.) = wholesome food, healthy foodEx: When you are unemployed, which is to say when you are underfed, harassed, bored, and miserable, you don't want to eat dull wholesome food.
Ex: Accordingly, it is best for children to eat between 4 and 6 times daily, with an emphasis on the healthy foods listed above. -
56 comida sana
f.health food.* * *(n.) = wholesome food, healthy foodEx. When you are unemployed, which is to say when you are underfed, harassed, bored, and miserable, you don't want to eat dull wholesome food.Ex. Accordingly, it is best for children to eat between 4 and 6 times daily, with an emphasis on the healthy foods listed above.* * *(n.) = wholesome food, healthy foodEx: When you are unemployed, which is to say when you are underfed, harassed, bored, and miserable, you don't want to eat dull wholesome food.
Ex: Accordingly, it is best for children to eat between 4 and 6 times daily, with an emphasis on the healthy foods listed above. -
57 desnutrido
adj.undernourished, famished, starved, malnourished.past part.past participle of spanish verb: desnutrir.* * *1 desnutrir► adjetivo1 undernourished* * *ADJ undernourished* * *- da adjetivo malnourished, undernourished* * *= underfed.Ex. When you are unemployed, which is to say when you are underfed, harassed, bored, and miserable, you don't want to eat dull wholesome food.* * *- da adjetivo malnourished, undernourished* * *= underfed.Ex: When you are unemployed, which is to say when you are underfed, harassed, bored, and miserable, you don't want to eat dull wholesome food.
* * *desnutrido -damalnourished, undernourished* * *
Del verbo desnutrirse: ( conjugate desnutrirse)
desnutrido es:
el participio
desnutrido◊ -da adjetivo
malnourished, undernourished
desnutrido,-a adjetivo undernourished
' desnutrido' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
desnutrida
English:
malnourished
- underfed
- undernourished
- under
* * *desnutrido, -a adjundernourished* * *adj undernourished* * *desnutrido, -da adjmalnutrido: malnourished, undernourished -
58 en otras palabras
= in other words, to put it another way, which is to sayEx. In other words, the information supplied in the document matches, to an acceptable degree, the information demanded by the user.Ex. To put it another way, the humanities, although a growing part of the database world, are still a very small part of that world.Ex. When you are unemployed, which is to say when you are underfed, harassed, bored, and miserable, you don't want to eat dull wholesome food.* * *= in other words, to put it another way, which is to sayEx: In other words, the information supplied in the document matches, to an acceptable degree, the information demanded by the user.
Ex: To put it another way, the humanities, although a growing part of the database world, are still a very small part of that world.Ex: When you are unemployed, which is to say when you are underfed, harassed, bored, and miserable, you don't want to eat dull wholesome food. -
59 es decir
adv.that's to say, in other words, namely, that is.intj.that is, that's to say, say, let's say.* * *in other words, that is to say————————that is (to say)* * *= i.e. (latín - id est), in other words, that is, that is to say, which is to sayEx. Notes may relate to any of the previous elements of the description, i.e. title, authorship, edition, editorship, publisher area, physical description area or series area.Ex. In other words, the information supplied in the document matches, to an acceptable degree, the information demanded by the user.Ex. Inevitably any abridgement poses the dilemma how to abridge, that is, what to leave out and what to include.Ex. Our need is not for guided and controlled instruction, that is to say, for indoctrination.Ex. When you are unemployed, which is to say when you are underfed, harassed, bored, and miserable, you don't want to eat dull wholesome food.* * *= i.e. (latín - id est), in other words, that is, that is to say, which is to sayEx: Notes may relate to any of the previous elements of the description, i.e. title, authorship, edition, editorship, publisher area, physical description area or series area.
Ex: In other words, the information supplied in the document matches, to an acceptable degree, the information demanded by the user.Ex: Inevitably any abridgement poses the dilemma how to abridge, that is, what to leave out and what to include.Ex: Our need is not for guided and controlled instruction, that is to say, for indoctrination.Ex: When you are unemployed, which is to say when you are underfed, harassed, bored, and miserable, you don't want to eat dull wholesome food. -
60 encombrer
encombrer [ɑ̃kɔ̃bʀe]➭ TABLE 11. transitive verba. [+ pièce] to clutter up (de with ) ; [+ couloir] to obstruct (de with ) ; [+ rue] to congest ; [+ lignes téléphoniques] to jam ; [+ marché] to glut (de with ) ; [+ messagerie] to overload2. reflexive verb* * *ɑ̃kɔ̃bʀe
1.
verbe transitif to clutter up [pièce, mémoire, esprit]; ( obstruer) to obstruct [route, passage]; Télécommunications to block [lignes]; to overcrowd [profession]; to saturate [marché]
2.
s'encombrer verbe pronominals'encombrer de — lit, fig to burden oneself with
* * *ɑ̃kɔ̃bʀe vt1) [endroit] to clutter, to clutter upencombrer le passage — to block the way, to obstruct the way
2) (= gêner) to hamper* * *encombrer verb table: aimerA vtr1 ( embarrasser) [objet, personne] to clutter up [pièce, meuble]; ( obstruer) [objet, personne] to obstruct [route, passage, entrée, trottoir]; si les enfants vous encombrent if the children are in your way; tu m'encombres plus que tu ne me rends service you are more of a hindrance than a help;2 [préoccupation, détails] to clutter up; encombrer de to clutter up [sth] with [mémoire, esprit];3 ( saturer) to jam [standard, fréquences]; to block [lignes]; to overcrowd [profession, activité, université]; to saturate [marché].[ɑ̃kɔ̃bre] verbe transitif2. [obstruer - couloir] to block (up) ; [ - route] to block ou to clog up (separable) ; [ - circulation] to hold up (separable)une ville très encombrée a congested city, a city choked with traffic3. [saturer]les logiciels encombrent le marché there's a surplus ou glut of software packages on the market5. [suj: objet gênant]tiens, je te donne ce vase, il m'encombre here, have this vase, I don't know what to do with it————————s'encombrer verbe pronominal intransitif[avoir trop de bagages, de vêtements] to be loaded ou weighed downlaisse ta valise là si tu ne veux pas t'encombrer leave your case there if you don't want to be weighed down————————s'encombrer verbe pronominal transitifs'encombrer l'esprit de to fill one's mind ou to cram one's head withs'encombrer la mémoire de to fill ou to load one's memory with
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