slough

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sĕnectus, a, um, adj. [senex], aged, very old.

Adj. (rare, and mostly anteclass.):

senecta aetas,

Plaut. Am. 4, 2, 12; id. Trin. 1, 2, 5; id. Aul. 2, 2, 75; id. Cas. 2, 3, 23; 2, 3, 41; id. Merc. 5, 4, 25; Lucr. 5, 886; 5, 896; Sall. Fragm. ap. Serv. Verg. A. 11, 165:

membris exire senectis,

Lucr. 3, 772: corpus, Sall. ap. Prisc. p. 869 (H. 4, 63 Dietsch): aetas, id. ap. Serv. Verg. A. 11, 165 (H. inc. lib. 115 Dietsch).—

Subst.: sĕ-necta, ae, f., old age, extreme age, senility (freq., though mostly poet. and in post-Aug. prose; not in Cic.; cf. 2. senectus).

In abstr.: prospiciendum ergo in senectā: nunc adulescentia est, Lucil. ap. Non. 492, 23; Enn. ap. Cic. Or. 55, 184 (Trag. v. 393 Vahl.; v. Vahl. N. cr. ad h. 1.); Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 60 (opp. aetatula); id. Trin. 2, 3, 7; id. Mil. 3, 1, 29; * Ter. Ad. 5, 8, 31; Caecil. ap. Cic. Sen. 8, 25; Lucr. 4, 1256; Liv. 2, 40, 6; 6, 8, 2; 24, 4, 2; 28, 16, 12; 38, 53, 9; Cat. 64, 217; Tib. 1, 4, 31; 1, 8, 42; 1, 10, 40 al.; Prop. 1, 19, 17; 2, 13 (3, 5), 47; 3, 5 (4, 4), 24; 3, 19 (4, 18), 15; Verg. G. 1, 186; 3, 96; id. A. 6, 114 al.; Hor. C. 1, 31, 19; 2, 6, 6; 2, 14, 3; id. Ep. 2, 2, 211; Ov. M. 3, 347; 6, 37; 6, 500;

6, 675 et saep. al.: in senectā,

Varr. L. L. 5, § 5 Müll.;

so in prose,

Petr. 132, 10; Plin. 7, 50, 51, § 167; 8, 32, 50, § 116; 16, 27, 51, § 117 et saep.; Tac. A. 3, 23; 3, 55; 4, 41; 4, 58 fin.; 13, 33; 14, 65 al.; Suet. Aug. 79; id. Ner. 40; id. Galb. 4, 17; id. Gram. 11; Vulg. Psa. 70, 18 al.—

In the elder Pliny, concr. ( = 2. senectus, II.), the old skin, slough of a serpent, cast off annually:

serpentes senectam exuendo, etc.,

Plin. 20, 23, 95, § 254; 28, 11, 48, § 174; 30, 8, 22, § 69.—

An old man, Sil. 8, 6; cf. id. 7, 178.

sĕnectūs, ūtis,f. [senex].

Old age, extreme age, senility (freq. and class.; only in sing.): adulescentia (tua) senectuti dedecoramentum (fuit), senectus rei publicae flagitium, C. Gracch. ap. Isid. Orig. 2, 21, 4; cf.:

quasi qui adulescentiam florem aetatis, senectutem occasum vitae velit definire,

Cic. Top. 7, 32:

ut in Catone Majore, qui est scriptus ad te de senectute... ut tum ad senem senex de senectute, sic, etc.,

id. Lael. 1, 4 sq.; cf. id. Sen. 1 sqq.:

T. Aufidius, qui vixit ad summam senectutem,

id. Brut. 48, 179:

cum esset summā senectute et perditā valetudine,

id. Phil. 8, 10, 31:

confecti homines senectute,

id. Fin. 5, 11, 33:

ted optestor per senectutem tuam,

Plaut. As. 1, 1, 3:

ibi fovebo senectutem meam,

id. Stich. 4, 1, 62; Ter. And. 5, 3, 16; id. Ad. 5, 3, 47; id. Hec. 1, 2, 44 al.; Caecil. ap. Cic. Sen. 8, 25; Lucr. 1, 414; Cic. Rep. 1, 3, 4; 5, 8, 10; id. Fin. 5, 11, 32; id. de Or. 1, 60, 255 et saep.; Cat. 108, 1; Tib. 2, 2, 19; Verg. G. 3, 67; id. A. 5, 416; 6, 304; 7, 440; Ov. M. 14, 143; Luc. 1, 343; 2, 128; Stat. S. 3, 3, 156; Tac. A. 1, 4; 6, 31; 12, 40;

14, 40: dum virent genua, Et decet, obductā solvatur fronte senectus,

the moroseness of old age, Hor. Epod. 13, 5; cf.:

quae vos tam foeda senectus corripuit, fregitque animos?

Val. Fl. 6, 283.—Of style; only trop., and hence with quasi:

cum ipsa oratio jam nostra canesceret haberetque suam quandam maturitatem et quasi senectutem,

Cic. Brut. 2, 8:

plena litteratae senectutis oratio,

id. ib. 76, 265.—Of inanim. things (for vetustas; only poet. and very rare):

vos (tabellae) cariosa senectus Rodat,

Ov. Am. 1, 12, 29:

vini veteris,

Juv. 5, 34; 13, 214.— Prov.: aquilae senectus, v. aquila.—

Transf.

Personified, the goddess of old age, Old Age:

tristis Senectus,

Verg. A. 6, 275.—

Old age, i. e. old men:

senectus semper agens aliquid,

Cic. Sen. 8, 26; cf. id. ib. 14, 48; cf.:

aequari adulescentes senectae suae impatienter indoluit,

Tac. A. 4, 17.—

Gray hairs:

temporibus geminis canebat sparsa senectus,

Verg. A. 5, 416. —

The old skin, slough, cast off yearly by serpents and other animals:

Theophrastus auctor est, anguis modo et stelliones senectutem exuere eamque protinus devorare,

Plin. 8, 31, 49, § 111; 9, 30, 50, § 95; 30, 7, 19, § 57; 30, 9, 23, § 81; cf. senecta, supra, II. B.

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bog, slough.

pigsty, slough.

exŭvĭae, ārum, f. [exuo], that which is stripped, drawn or taken off from the body, clothing, equipments, arms, etc. (mostly poet.).

In gen.:

induviae tuae atque uxoris exuviae,

Plaut. Men. 1, 3, 9; so ib. 13:

pyram Erige et arma viri... exuviasque omnes... super imponant,

Verg. A. 4, 496; cf. id. E. 8, 91:

cum fulmine et sceptro exuviisque Jovis,

Suet. Aug. 94; cf. Fest. S. V. TENSA, p. 365, 1 Müll.: EXVVIAS FECIT, i. q. funus fecit, Inscr. in Bull. dell' Inst. 1844, p. 90.— The skin of an animal;

(coluber) positis novus exuviis,

his slough, Verg. A. 2, 473; of the lion's hide, id. ib. 9, 307; the tiger's hide, id. ib. 11, 577; the golden fleece, Val. Fl. 6, 19; 8, 65.—Comic.:

bubulae,

thongs of ox-hide, Plaut. Most. 4, 1, 26.— Hair:

devotae flavi verticis exuviae,

Cat. 66, 62; Sen. Hippol. 1181.—

In partic., spoils stripped from an enemy, as arms, booty, etc. (syn.: praeda, spolia, manubiae): locus (i. e. Rostra) exuviis nauticis et classium spoliis ornatus, * Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 18, 55:

(Hector) exuvias indutus Achilli,

Verg. A. 2, 275:

haec arma exuviasque viri tua quercus habebit,

id. ib. 10, 423:

hostiles,

Tib. 1, 1, 54; cf.

bellorum,

Juv. 10, 133.—

Trop.:

tu ornatus exuviis hujus, venis ad eum lacerandum,

Cic. Sull. 18, 50.

lāma, ae, f. (cf.: lacus, lacer).

A slough, bog, fen: lacuna id est aquae collectio, quam alii lamam, alii lustrum, Paul. ex Fest. p. 117 Müll.:

viribus uteris per clivos, flumina, lamas,

Hor. Ep. 1, 13, 10.—

A kind of mastic: Pistacia lentiscus, Linn.; Plin. 12, 17, 36, § 72 (al. lainam).

lustrum, i, n. [1. luo, lavo; cf.: monstrum, moneo], a slough, bog, morass, puddle.

Lit.:

prodigunt in lutosos limites ac lustra, ut volutentur in luto,

Varr. R. R. 2, 4, 8.—

Transf.

A haunt or den of wild beasts:

lustra ferarum,

Verg. G. 2, 471; id. A. 3, 647:

lustra horrida monstris,

Val. Fl. 4, 370.—

A wood, forest:

postquam altos ventum in montes atque invia lustra,

Verg. A. 4, 151:

inter horrentia lustra,

id. ib. 11, 570.—

A house of ill-repute: ubi in lustra jacuisti? St. Egone in lustra? Plaut. Cas. 2, 3, 26:

quod dem scortis, quodque in lustris comedim,

id. Bacch. 4, 4, 91; id. Curc. 4, 2, 22: in lustris latet, Turp. ap. Non. 333, 15:

in lustris, popinis, alea, vino tempus aetatis omne consumpsisses,

Cic. Phil. 13, 11, 24:

homo emersus ex diuturnis tenebris lustrorum,

id. Sest. 9, 20.—

Debauchery; cf.: lustra significant lacunas lutosas, quae sunt in silvis aprorum cubilia. A quā similitudine, hi, qui in locis abditis et sorditis ventri et gulae operam dant, dicuntur in lustris vitam agere, Paul. ex Fest. p. 120:

domus, in qua lustra, libidines, luxuries, omnia denique inaudita vitia, versentur,

Cic. Cael. 23, 57:

studere lustris,

Plaut. As. 5, 2, 17:

lustris perire,

Lucr. 4, 1136:

vino lustrisque confectus,

Cic. Phil. 2, 3, 6:

qui pugnent, marcere Campana luxuria, vino et scortis omnibusque lustris per totam hiemem confectos,

Liv. 23, 45, 3.

lustrum, i, n. [2. luo], a purificatory sacrifice, expiatory offering, lustration, made by the censors for the whole people once in five years, after completing the census, and in which a swine, a sheep, and a bull were offered (suovetaurilia): lustrum condere, to make the lustral sacrifice:

lustrum condidit et taurum immolavit,

Cic. de Or. 2, 66, 268:

censu perfecto edixit, ut omnes cives Romani in campo primā luce adessent. Ibi exercitum omnem suovetaurilibus lustravit: idque conditum lustrum appellatum, quia is censendo finis factus est,

Liv. 1, 44; 3, 24; cf. id. 35, 9; 38, 36; 42, 10. The census could also be taken without being followed by a lustrum, Liv. 3, 22, 1; 24, 43, 4: sub lustrum censeri, at the close of the census, when the lustrum should begin:

sub lustrum censeri, germani negotiatoris est (because these were usually not in Rome, and were included in the census last of all),

Cic. Att. 1, 18, 8.—Being a religious ceremonial, the lustrum was sometimes omitted, when circumstances seemed to forbid it:

census actus eo anno: lustrum propter Capitolium captum, consulem occisum, condi religiosum fuit,

Liv. 3, 22, 1. Hence in part, doubtless, must be explained the small number of lustra actually celebrated; thus, A. U. C. 296:

census perficitur, idque lustrum ab origine urbis decimum conditum ferunt,

Liv. 3, 24, 10.—

Transf.

A propitiatory offering:

quinto die Delphis Apollini pro me exercitibusque et classibus lustra sacrificavi,

Liv. 45, 41, 3.—

A period of five years, a lustrum (because every five years a lustrum was performed).

In gen.:

cujus octavum trepidavit aetas Claudere lustrum,

Hor. C. 2, 4, 24; Ov. Tr. 4, 10, 78; Mart. 10, 38, 9.—

As the period of taxation, in reference to the imposition of duties, Varr, L. L. 6, 2, 11:

hoc ipso lustro,

Cic. Att. 6, 2, 5:

superioris lustri reliqua,

id. Fam. 2, 13, 3.—

In gen., a period of several years; of four years (of the Julian calendar), Ov. F. 3, 163; cf. Plin. 2, 47, 47, § 122: ingens lustrum, the grand lustrum, a hundred years, at the end of which the ludi saeculares were celebrated, Mart. 4, 1, 7.—

From the time of Domitian, the Capitoline games, recurring every fifth year, Suet. Dom. 4; Censor. de Die Nat. 18; cf. Stat. S. 4, 2, 60:

certamine Jovis Capitolini lustro sexto,

Inscr. Grut. 332, 3;

called lustri certamen,

Aur. Vict. Caes. 27, 7.—

Hectoris Lustra (not Lytra), title of a tragedy of Ennius; v. Trag. Rel. p. 28 sq. Rib.; Vahl. Enn. p. 113 sq.—

The term of a lease:

priore lustro,

Plin. Ep. 9, 37, 2.

membrāna, ae, f. [membrum], the skin or membrane that covers parts of the body (class.).

Lit.:

natura oculos membranis tenuissimis vestivit,

Cic. N. D. 2, 57, 142:

cerebri,

the membrane of the brain, meninges, Cels. 8, 4:

membranis cicadae volant,

Plin. 11, 28, 33, § 96:

membranis volant fragilibus insecta,

id. 11, 39, 94, § 228.—

Esp., the skin or slough of snakes, Ov. M. 7, 272; Luc. 6, 679.—

Transf.

The thin skin of plants and other things, Plin. 15, 22, 24, § 88:

corio et membrana Punica (teguntur),

id. 15, 28, 34, § 112:

tenuissimis membranis velatur allium,

id. 19, 6, 34, § 111:

putaminis ovi,

id. 29, 3, 11, § 46.—

A skin prepared for writing, etc., parchment, Quint. 10, 3, 31:

Homeri carmen in Membrana scriptum,

Plin. 7, 21, 21, § 85: sic raro scribis, ut toto non quater anno Membranam poscas, Hor. S. 2, 3, 2:

Parrhasiae, for drawing,

Plin. 35, 10, 36, § 68:

croceae membrana tabellae,

Juv. 7, 23:

quod in chartulis sive membranis meis aliquis scripserit, meum est,

Gai. Inst. 2, 77.—

The surface, outside of a thing ( poet.):

coloris,

Lucr. 4, 95.— Trop.:

scies, sub ista tenui membrana dignitatis quantum mali jaceat,

Sen. Ep. 115, 9.

vernātĭo, ōnis, f. [verno], the sloughing or shedding of the skin of snakes.

Lit., Plin. 29, 5, 32, § 101; 30, 3 8, § 24.— [p. 1975]

Transf., concr., the slough cast off by a snake, Plin. 29, 6, 35, § 11.