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1 отслоившая корка
Русско-английский словарь по пищевой промышленности > отслоившая корка
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2 ljuska
• shell• crust• thin shell• monocoque• peel• hull• lamina• jacket -
3 skorupa
(orzecha, ślimaka) shell* * *f.1. (orzecha, ślimaka) shell; (śniegowa, lodowa) crust; skorupa lodowa crust of ice; (np. na lodowcu) icecap; skorupa pocisku wojsk. shell case; skorupa ziemska geol. the earth's crust.2. przen. shell, crust; schować się w skorupie retreat l. withdraw into one's shell; wyjść ze swej skorupy come out of one's shell.3. ( kawałek naczynia) potsherd, potshard.4. pot. ( naczynie) pot.5. bot., zool. (ślimaka, żółwia, orzecha) shell; (żółwia, kraba, homara) carapace.The New English-Polish, Polish-English Kościuszko foundation dictionary > skorupa
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4 crūsta
crūsta ae, f [CRV-], a hard surface, rind, shell, crust, bark: fluminis, a crust of ice, V.—Inlaid work, chasing, embossed work, stucco, mosaic: eis (vasis) crustae detrahebantur: capaces Heliadum crustae, chased cups, Iu.* * *rind/shell/peel/bark/crust, hard surface; scab; leaf/flake/thin slab (mineral); cup holder, embossed work; inlay; plaster/stucco/mosaic work (L+S) -
5 κρύος
Grammatical information: n.Meaning: `icy cold, frost' (Hes. Op. 494, A. in lyr., Arist., Jul.).Derivatives: κρυόεις `horrible, lugubrious' (Il., Hes., Pi.), `icy-cold' (A. R., AP, Orph.) with analogical - ο- (cf. also Debrunner Άντίδωρον 28); s. also ὀκρυόεις; κρυώδης `id.' (Plu., Poll.); further perh. κρυερός `horrible, lugubrious' (Hom., Hes., Ar. in lyr.), `icy-cold' (Simon., Ar. in lyr.); cf. below. - Beside κρύος there are as independent formations: 1. κρῡμός m. `icy cold, frost, horror' (Ion., trag., hell.) with κρυμώδης `icy-cold' (Hp., Ph., AP), κρυμαλέος `id.' (S. E.; Debrunner IF 23, 22, Chantraine Formation 254), κρυμ-αίνω `make cold' (Hdn.), - ώσσω `be rigid from cold' (Theognost.). -- 2. κρύσταλλος s.v.Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: The wordgroup has cognates in diff. languages. On κρύσταλλος, which is Pre-Greek, s.v. The word is sonnected (Chantraine Formation 247, Schwyzer 484) with Lat. crusta `bark, crust'. However, this is wrong as the Latin word has a quite different meaning: `the hard surface of a body, the rind, shell, crust, bark' which protects it' (Lewis and Short); so it has nothing to do with cold; it is used of flumen, indicating a covering or crust of ice, but this is an incidental use, a metaphor, not the central aspect of the meaning. The word, then, has nothing to do with words for `cold, ice'. (Its etymology with κρύος must therefore be given up; there is no other proposal.) Further one connects Toch. B krost, A kuraś etc. `cold' (Duchesne-Guillemin BSL 41, 155 f.), but the -o- is difficult. One assumed for crusta the zero grade of an s-stem (so this is now wrong or irrelevant); beside it one proposed a full grade of the suffix in IE. *kruu̯-es- (?), Gr. κρύ-ος and in Latv. kruv-es-is `frozen mud'. Now *kruu̯-es- is not an admitted IE formation. It may have been * kruh₁-es-. [Not, with Frisk, to the word for `blood' Lat. cruōr \< * kreuh₂-ōs, Gr. κρέ(Ϝ)ας \< *kreu̯h₂-s-, s. v.] - With κρῡμός agrees Av. xrū-ma- `horrible'; but this word is analysed as * kruh₂-mo- and connected with the group of `blood' (above). One compared κρύος: κρῦμός with θύος: θῡμός, but the implication is not clear. The often assumed basic forms *κρύσ-ος, *κρυσ-μός are improbable (Frisk; does Chantraine accept this?) - κρυερός reminds of Skt. krūrá-, Av. xrūra- `wounded, raw, bloody, horrible', which points to * kruH-ro- (and Lat. crūdus `raw', if from * crūrus). κρυερός may have been rebuilt after the adj. in - ερός, but it can as well be an independent derivation from κρύος; cf. Bloch Sprachgesch. u. Wortbed. 23 n. 22. It might continue * kruh₁-er- (reconstructed above). Chantraine rejects the connection with `blood', as it would not fit semantically (but I think it fits very well) or formally. - A verbal * kreus- appears in Germanic, e.g. OWNo. *hrjósa, pret. hraus `shiver' with the zero grade verbal noun OHG hroso, -a `ice, crust'. On OIc. hrjósa see De Vries Wb., who denies that it has to do with cold or ice. - [Kluge22 s.v. Kruste derives it from `verkrustetes Blut', which must be wrong, s. above.].Page in Frisk: 2,28-29Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κρύος
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6 κρύσταλλος
Grammatical information: m.Derivatives: κρυστάλλιον `id.' ( PHolm.), also plant-name = ψύλλιον (Dsc.; because of the cooling effect, Strömberg Pflanzennamen 83); κρυστάλλ-ινος `icy-cold' (Hp.), `of rock-crystall' (D. C.), - ώδης `icy, crystalclear' (Ptol., PHolm.); κρυσταλλ-όομαι `freeze' (Ph.), - ίζω `glow like crystal' (Apoc.); further κρυσταίνομαι `freeze' (Nic. Al. 314), prob. free analogical formation to κρύσταλλος after other cases of the interchange ν: λ (diff. Schwyzer 706; ?).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: The word is sonnected (Chantraine Formation 247, Schwyzer 484) with Lat. crusta `bark, crust'. However, this is wrong as the Latin word has a quite different meaning: `the hard surface of a body, the rind, shell, crust, bark' which protects it' (Lewis and Short); so it has nothing to do with cold; it is used of flumen, indicating a covering or crust of ice, but this is an incidental use, a metaphor, not the central aspect of the meaning. The word, then, has nothing to do with words for `cold, ice'. (Its etymology with κρύος must therefore be given up; there is no other proposal.) - As Kuiper FS Kretschmer 1, 215 n. 16 remarked the word is Pre-Greek because of the suffix - αλλο- (all Greek words in - αλλο- are of Pre-Greek origin; there are no Greek words of IE origin with this suffix; it is not - αλ- with expressively geminated λ (as Chantraine often says) and not from κρύ-ος as then the formation cannot be explained. This is confirmed by the variant κρόστ-. The word means `ice' and was also used for rock-crystal, probably because this looks like (a piece of) ice, as it is transparant (in antiquity this was very remarkable). Pliny (37, 23) still thinks it is ice. We now know that rock-crystal is a mineral; it is quartz, a silicate (SiO₂). The semi-precious amethyst and agate are varieties. S. Beekes, FS Kortlandt.See also: s. κρύοςGreek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κρύσταλλος
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7 отслоившаяся корка
Makarov: protruding crust (дефект хлеба), shell crust (дефект хлеба)Универсальный русско-английский словарь > отслоившаяся корка
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8 կեղեւ
rind, cortex, crust, shell, crustՀայերեն - անգլերեն բառարան (Armenian-English dictionary) > կեղեւ
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9 crusta
crusta, ae, f. [cf. crudus], the hard surface of a body, the rind, shell, crust, bark, etc.I.In gen.:II.luti,
Lucr. 6, 626; cf.soli,
Dig. 39, 2, 9:panis,
Plin. 19, 8, 53, § 168:glandis,
id. 15, 28, 34, § 112:piscium,
id. 9, 28, 44, § 83:locustarum,
id. 9, 30, 50, § 95:ulcerum,
the scab, Cels. 5, 9; cf. id. 5, 10: fluminis, a covering or crust of ice, Verg. G. 3, 360 et saep.—In partic., t. t. of plastic art, inlaid, chased, or embossed work on walls or vessels, plasterwork, stucco-work, mosaic work:* B.parietis,
Plin. 35, 12, 45, § 154; cf. id. 36, 6, 7, § 48:quae (vasa) probarant, eis crustae aut emblemata detrahebantur,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 23, § 52; Plin. 36, 6, 6, § 47; 36, 6, 7, § 48:capaces Heliadum crustae,
Juv. 5, 38; Dig. 34, 2, 32, § 1.—Trop.: non est ista solida et sincera felicitas; crusta est et quidem tenuis, plaster- or outside-work, Sen. Prov. 6, 3; cf. tectorium. -
10 корж
2) Engineering: filter cake4) Aluminium industry: cake -
11 kulit
skin, peel, leather, hide, hull* * *husk* * *skin; hide, leather; (tree) bark; peel, husk, shell, crust; cover (of a magazine) -
12 딱지
n. scab, incrustation that forms over a wound during healing; fleck, small stain; shell, crust -
13 crustula
little rind/shell/crust -
14 kulit
skin. 2 hide, leather. 3 k.r(tree) bark. 4 peel, husk, shell, crust. 5 cover k.r(of a magazine). -
15 vôhta'se
skin; synonyms (n) peel, hide, coating, fur, hull, rind, shell, crust, integument, pelt, case, coat, covering, cutis, fell, film, fleece, tegument, exterior, outside, envelope, (v) pare, bark, scrape, excoriate, flay, abrade, strip, chafe, remove. -
16 корка
crust имя существительное: -
17 ljuska
shell, riblja scale* * *• scale• skin• shell• shuck• hull• husk• crust• peel -
18 školjka
• shell• cockle• crust -
19 concha
f.1 shell.2 tortoiseshell (carey).3 cunt (vulgar) (vulva). (Andean Spanish (Bolivia, Chilean Spanish, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru), River Plate)4 scallop.5 conch, smooth concave surface resembling the interior of a semidome, concha.6 external part of a woman's genitals.7 vagina.8 concha auriculae, cavity in the outer ear.* * *1 (caparazón) shell2 (carey) tortoiseshell3 (ostra) oyster4 TEATRO prompt box\meterse en su concha figurado to withdraw into one's shelltener muchas conchas familiar to be a sly oneconcha de peregrino scallop shell* * *noun f.* * *SF [forma familiar] de María de la Concepción* * *1) ( de moluscos) shellhacer concha — (Méx) to become hardened o toughened
2) ( carey) tortoise shell3) (Teatr) prompt box4) (Ven) (cáscara - de verduras, fruta) skin; (- del queso) rind; (- del pan) crust; (- de maníes) shellconcha de mango — (Ven fam) trick question
5) (Méx) (Dep) protection box, box6) (AmS vulg) ( de mujer) cunt (vulg)la concha de su madre! — (AmS vulg) shit! (vulg), fucking hell! (vulg)
7) (AmL exc CS fam: en algunas regiones vulg) ( descaro) nerve (colloq), cheek (BrE colloq)* * *= shell, seashell.Ex. It describes the annual hobby exchanges week for 6th grade pupils at King's Cristian School library, when pupils swap collectable items eg baseball cards, stamps, coins and shells.Ex. She sits at the hospital piano each afternoon with lotus blossoms and seashells braided in her hair.----* concha de mar = seashell.* concha marina = seashell.* * *1) ( de moluscos) shellhacer concha — (Méx) to become hardened o toughened
2) ( carey) tortoise shell3) (Teatr) prompt box4) (Ven) (cáscara - de verduras, fruta) skin; (- del queso) rind; (- del pan) crust; (- de maníes) shellconcha de mango — (Ven fam) trick question
5) (Méx) (Dep) protection box, box6) (AmS vulg) ( de mujer) cunt (vulg)la concha de su madre! — (AmS vulg) shit! (vulg), fucking hell! (vulg)
7) (AmL exc CS fam: en algunas regiones vulg) ( descaro) nerve (colloq), cheek (BrE colloq)* * *= shell, seashell.Ex: It describes the annual hobby exchanges week for 6th grade pupils at King's Cristian School library, when pupils swap collectable items eg baseball cards, stamps, coins and shells.
Ex: She sits at the hospital piano each afternoon with lotus blossoms and seashells braided in her hair.* concha de mar = seashell.* concha marina = seashell.* * *A (de moluscos) shellhacer concha ( Méx); to become hardened o toughenedmeterse en su concha to retreat into one's shellestá siempre metido en su concha he never comes out of his shell, he's always retreating into his shelltener más conchas que un galápago or tener muchas conchas to be a sly one ( colloq)Compuesto:( Chi) mother-of-pearlB (carey) tortoise shellgafas/peine de concha tortoiseshell glasses/combC (ensenada) coveD ( Teatr) prompt boxE ( Ven)1 (de un árbol) barkestaba lleno de conchas de mango it was full of trick questionsme caí en una concha de mango I fell into a trapCompuesto:masculine and feminine ( AmS vulg) ( masculine) bastard ( vulg), son of a bitch ( AmE vulg); ( feminine) bitch ( vulg)¡qué (tal) concha la de Jorge! Jorge's got a lot of nerve!, Jorge's got a bloody nerve o cheek! ( BrE sl)con concha y cara de perro ( Ven arg): y con concha y cara de perro vino y me pidió más and he had the nerve o ( BrE) cheek o ( BrE) brass to come and ask me for more! ( colloq)* * *
concha sustantivo femenino
concha nácar (Méx) or (Chi) de perla mother-of-pearl
c) (Teatr) prompt box
(— del queso) rind;
(— del pan) crust;
(— de nueces) shell
concha sustantivo femenino
1 Zool shell
2 (material, carey) tortoiseshell
3 LAm vulgar cunt
' concha' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
caracol
- vieira
English:
seashell
- shell
- mother
- pearl
- sea
- tortoiseshell
* * *concha nf1. [de molusco] shellconcha de peregrino scallop2. [carey] tortoiseshell¡concha de su madre! motherfucker![de semilla] husk; [de manzana, pera] peel; [de naranja] rind; [de plátano] peel, skin; [del pan] crust; [de huevo] shell* * *f ZO shell;meterse en su concha fig withdraw into one’s shell* * *concha nf: conch, seashell* * *concha n shell -
20 corteza
f.1 bark.2 crust.cortezas de cerdo pork scratchings3 crust (geology) (terrestre).4 cortex (anatomy).5 rind, cheese crust.6 earth's crust, crust.* * *1 (de árbol) bark2 (de pan) crust3 (de fruta) peel, skin4 (de queso) rind5 figurado (apariencia) outside appearance, outward appearance\corteza cerebral cerebral cortexla corteza terrestre the earth's crust* * *noun f.1) bark2) crust3) peel* * *SF1) [de árbol] bark; [de pan] crust; [de fruta] peel, skin; [de queso, tocino] rind2) (=exterior) outside, outward appearance3) (=grosería) roughness, coarseness* * *b) ( de átomo) shellc) cortezas femenino plural (Coc) (Esp) pork rinds o scratchings (pl)* * *= bark, cortex, crust.Ex. Analysis of the text and identification of the tree bark and the writing ink provided a better understanding of the production and these bark manuscripts.Ex. Chapter 1, on memory and the brain, explains brain cells, the cortex, function of the cerebral lobes, and other brain structures.Ex. And then he had nicked himself shaving, so badly that the styptic pencil had failed immediately to do its appointed task, delaying him so that he had to wolf down his breakfast, the eggs of which had on them a crust which he hated.----* corteza cerebral = cerebral cortex.* corteza de limón = lemon peel.* cortezas = pork scratchings.* cortezas de cerdo = pork scratchings.* corteza visual = visual cortex.* de la corteza = crustal, cortical.* * *b) ( de átomo) shellc) cortezas femenino plural (Coc) (Esp) pork rinds o scratchings (pl)* * *= bark, cortex, crust.Ex: Analysis of the text and identification of the tree bark and the writing ink provided a better understanding of the production and these bark manuscripts.
Ex: Chapter 1, on memory and the brain, explains brain cells, the cortex, function of the cerebral lobes, and other brain structures.Ex: And then he had nicked himself shaving, so badly that the styptic pencil had failed immediately to do its appointed task, delaying him so that he had to wolf down his breakfast, the eggs of which had on them a crust which he hated.* corteza cerebral = cerebral cortex.* corteza de limón = lemon peel.* cortezas = pork scratchings.* cortezas de cerdo = pork scratchings.* corteza visual = visual cortex.* de la corteza = crustal, cortical.* * *2 (de un átomo) shellCompuestos:cerebral cortexla corteza terrestre the earth's crust* * *
corteza sustantivo femenino ( de árbol) bark;
( del pan) crust;
( del queso) rind;
(de naranja, limón) peel, rind;
corteza sustantivo femenino
1 (del pan) crust
(del queso) rind
cortezas (de cerdo), pork scratchings, US pork rinds
2 (de un tronco) bark
3 Anat corteza cerebral, cortex
4 Geol la corteza terreste, the earth's crust
' corteza' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
terrestre
English:
bark
- crust
- pith
- rind
* * *corteza nf1. [del árbol] bark2. [de pan] crust;[de queso, tocino, limón] rind; [de naranja] peel cortezas de cerdo Br pork scratchings, US pork cracklings o rinds la corteza terrestre the earth's crust4. Anat cortexcorteza cerebral cerebral cortex* * ** * *corteza nf1) : bark2) : crust3) : peel, rind4) : cortexcorteza cerebral: cerebral cortex* * *corteza n1. (de árbol) bark2. (de fruta) peel3. (de pan) crust4. (de queso) rind
См. также в других словарях:
crust — ► NOUN 1) the tough outer part of a loaf of bread. 2) a hard, dry scrap of bread. 3) informal a living or livelihood: earning a crust. 4) a hardened layer, coating, or deposit on something soft. 5) a layer of pastry covering a pie. 6) the… … English terms dictionary
Shell — Shell, v. i. 1. To fall off, as a shell, crust, etc. [1913 Webster] 2. To cast the shell, or exterior covering; to fall out of the pod or husk; as, nuts shell in falling. [1913 Webster] 3. To be disengaged from the ear or husk; as, wheat or rye… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
crust — noun 1》 the tough outer part of a loaf of bread. ↘a hard, dry scrap of bread. 2》 a hardened layer or coating on something soft. ↘a layer of pastry covering a pie. 3》 the outermost layer of rock of which a planet consists, especially the… … English new terms dictionary
Crust — (kr?st), n. [L. crusta: cf. OF. crouste, F. cro[^u]te; prob. akin to Gr. ????? ice, E. crystal, from the same root as E. crude, raw. See {Raw}, and cf. {Custard}.] 1. The hard external coat or covering of anything; the hard exterior surface or… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
crust — early 14c., hard outer part of bread, from O.Fr. crouste (13c., Mod.Fr. croûte) and directly from L. crusta rind, crust, shell, bark, from PIE *krus to that which has been hardened, from root *kreus to begin to freeze, form a crust (Cf. Skt. krud … Etymology dictionary
crust´like´ — crust «kruhst», noun, verb. –n. 1. the hard, outside part of bread: »Baking makes the crust hard and dry to protect the crumb inside. 2. a) a piece of this: »The boy was told to eat the crusts of his sandwich. b) any hard, dry piece of bread. 3.… … Useful english dictionary
crust´less — crust «kruhst», noun, verb. –n. 1. the hard, outside part of bread: »Baking makes the crust hard and dry to protect the crumb inside. 2. a) a piece of this: »The boy was told to eat the crusts of his sandwich. b) any hard, dry piece of bread. 3.… … Useful english dictionary
crust — [krust] n. [ME cruste < OFr or L: OFr crouste < L crusta: for IE base see CRUDE] 1. a) the hard, crisp outer part of bread b) a piece of this c) any dry, hard piece of bread 2. the pastry shell of a pie … English World dictionary
crust — [krʌst] n [U and C] [Date: 1300 1400; : Latin; Origin: crusta crust, shell ] 1.) the hard brown outer surface of bread ▪ sandwiches with the crusts cut off 2.) the baked outer part of foods such as ↑pies or ↑pizzas ▪ a thin crust pizza 3.) a thin … Dictionary of contemporary English
shell — less, adj. shell like, adj. /shel/, n. 1. a hard outer covering of an animal, as the hard case of a mollusk, or either half of the case of a bivalve mollusk. 2. any of various objects resembling such a covering, as in shape or in being more or… … Universalium
shell — [shel] n. [ME schelle < OE sciel, akin to MDu schelle < IE base * (s)kel : see SHELF] 1. a hard outer covering, as of a turtle, mollusk, insect, egg, fruit, seed, etc. 2. something like or suggestive of a shell in being hollow, empty, or… … English World dictionary