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81 στήλη
Grammatical information: f.Meaning: `column, among others peace-, treaty-column', from there `law, treaty'; also `buttress' (IA. since Il.).Compounds: Rarely as 1. member, e.g. στηλο-γραφέω `to write on a column' (hell. a. late).Derivatives: 1. Diminutives στηλ-ίον, - ίδιον, - ίς, - ῖδος, - ύδριον (hell. a. late). 2. - ίτης, f. - ῖτις `whose name is written on a column as a denouncement, publicly dishonoured' (Att.; Redard 114 f.) with - ιτεύω, - ίτευμα (late), also `column-shaped, belonging to columns' (Luc., AP). 3. - όω, - όομαι, also w. ἀνα-, κατα-, ἐν-, περι-, `to erect (a column), to designate by columns, to demarcate, to write on a column' with - ωσις, - ωμα (hell. a. late).Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: PGr. *στάλ-νᾱ (on the treatment of the group - λν- Schwyzer 283 f.); so to στέλλω (s.v.) with zero grade as in ἐπί-σταλ-μα a.o. (s. also στάλιξ). The same formation shows OHG OS stollo m. (n-st.) `scafold, upport, post', NHG Stollen, IE *stl̥-n-. Here also Phryg. starna with change l \> r (Haas Sprache 6, 14 a. 7, 80) ? -- Risch 102 considers as alternative a basic form *στα-σλᾱ (cf. Lat. scālae \< * scand-slae); to ἵστημι. -- Lyc. LW [loanword] sttala (Kretschmer Glotta 28, 103).Page in Frisk: 2,795-796Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > στήλη
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82 stick
A n1 ( piece of wood) bâton m ; ( for kindling) bout m de bois ; (for ice cream, lollipop) bâton m ; Mil bâton m ;3 ( rod-shaped piece) a stick of rock ou candy/chalk/dynamite un bâton de sucre d'orge/craie/dynamite ; a stick of celery une branche de céléri ; a stick of rhubarb une tige de rhubarbe ; a stick of (French) bread une baguette ;5 ( conductor's baton) baguette f ;6 Mil a stick of bombs un chapelet de bombes ;7 ○ ( piece of furniture) meuble m ; a few sticks (of furniture) quelques meubles ; we haven't got a stick of furniture nous n'avons pas un seul meuble ;8 ○ GB ( person) a funny old stick un drôle de bonhomme/une drôle de bonne femme m/f ; he's a dry old stick il manque d'humour ;9 ○ ( criticism) critique f ; to get ou take (some) stick se faire critiquer ; to give sb (some) stick critiquer qn violemment ;10 Aviat manche m à balai ;11 US Aut levier m (de changement) de vitesse.B ○ sticks npl in the sticks en pleine cambrousse ○, dans la campagne ; to be from the sticks être de la campagne.1 ( stab) égorger [pig] ; to stick a pin/spade/knife into sth planter une épingle/une pelle/un couteau dans qch ; he stuck a knife into the man's back il a planté un couteau dans le dos de l'homme ; she stuck her fork into the meat elle a piqué sa fourchette dans la viande ; to stick a pin/knife through sth faire un trou dans qch avec une épingle/un couteau ; a board stuck with pins un tableau hérissé d'épingles ;2 ( put) he stuck his head round the door/through the window il a passé sa tête par la porte/la fenêtre ; she stuck her hands in her pockets elle a enfoncé ses mains dans ses poches ; stick your coat on the chair/the money in the drawer ○ mets ton manteau sur la chaise/l'argent dans le tiroir ; to stick an advert in the paper ○ mettre une annonce dans le journal ; to stick sb in a home ○ mettre qn dans une maison de retraite ; you know where you can stick it ou that ◑ ! tu sais où tu peux te le mettre ◑ ! ; stick it up your ass ● ! va te faire foutre ● ! ;3 ( fix in place) coller [label, stamp] (in dans ; on sur ; to à) ; coller [poster, notice] (in dans ; on à) ; ‘stick no bills’ ‘défense d'afficher’ ;4 ○ GB ( bear) supporter [person, situation] ; I can't stick him je ne peux pas le supporter ; I don't know how he sticks it je ne sais pas comment il tient le coup ○ ; I can't stick it any longer je n'en peux plus ;5 ○ ( impose) he stuck me with the bill il m'a fait payer la note ; to stick an extra £10 on the price augmenter le prix de 10 livres ; I was stuck with Frank je me suis retrouvé avec Frank ;6 ○ ( accuse falsely of) to stick a murder/a robbery on sb mettre un meurtre/un cambriolage sur le dos de qn ○.1 ( be pushed) the nail stuck in my finger/foot je me suis planté un clou dans le doigt/le pied ; there was a dagger sticking in his back il avait un poignard planté dans le dos ;2 ( be fixed) [stamp, glue] coller ; this glue/stamp doesn't stick cette colle/ce timbre ne colle pas ; to stick to se coller à [page, wall, skin, surface] ; to stick to the pan [sauce, rice] coller au fond de la casserole, attacher ○ ;3 ( jam) [drawer, door, lift] se coincer ; [key, valve, catch] se bloquer, se coincer ; fig [price] être bloqué ;4 ( remain) [name, habit] rester ; to stick in sb's memory ou mind rester gravé dans la mémoire de qn ; we've caught the murderer, but now we have to make the charges stick nous avons attrapé le meurtrier, maintenant nous devons prouver sa culpabilité ; to stick ○ in the house/one's room rester dans la maison/sa chambre ;5 ( in cards) garder la main.to be on the stick ○ US être compétent ; to get on the stick ○ US s'y mettre ; to have ou get hold of the wrong end of the stick mal comprendre ; to up sticks ○ and leave plier bagages et partir.■ stick around ○1 ( stay) rester ; stick around! reste là! ;2 ( wait) attendre.■ stick at:▶ stick at [sth] persévérer dans [task] ; stick at it! persévère!■ stick by:▶ stick by [sb] soutenir.■ stick down:▶ stick [sth] down, stick down [sth]1 ( fasten) coller [stamp] ;2 ○ ( write down) écrire [answer, name, item].■ stick on:▶ stick [sth] on, stick on [sth] coller [label, stamp].■ stick out:▶ stick out [nail, sharp object] dépasser ; his ears stick out il a les oreilles décollées ; his stomach sticks out il a un gros ventre ; her teeth stick out elle a les dents qui avancent ; to stick out of sth [screw, nail, feet] dépasser de qch ; to stick out for revendiquer [pay-rise, shorter hours] ;▶ stick [sth] out, stick out [sth]1 ( cause to protrude) to stick out one's hand/foot tendre la main/le pied ; to stick out one's chest bomber le torse ; to stick one's tongue out tirer la langue ;2 ( cope with) to stick it out ○ tenir bon ○.■ stick to:▶ stick to [sth/sb]1 ( keep to) s'en tenir à [facts, point, plan, diet] ; he stuck to his version of events il n'a pas changé sa version des faits ; stick to what you know tiens-toi en à ce que tu sais ; ‘no whisky for me, I'll stick to orange juice’ ‘pas de whisky pour moi, je m'en tiens au jus d'orange ;2 ( stay close to) rester près de [person] ;3 ( stay faithful to) rester fidèle à [brand, shop, principles].1 ( become fixed to each other) [pages] se coller ;2 ○ ( remain loyal) se serrer les coudes ○, être solidaire ;3 ○ ( not separate) rester ensemble ;▶ stick [sth] together, stick together [sth] coller [objects, pieces].■ stick up:▶ stick up ( project) [pole, mast] se dresser ; his hair sticks up ses cheveux se dressent sur sa tête ; to stick up from sth dépasser de qch ; to stick up for sb ( defend) défendre qn ; ( side with) prendre le parti de qn ; to stick up for oneself défendre ses intérêts ;▶ stick [sth] up, stick up [sth] ( put up) mettre [poster, notice] ; to stick up one's hand lever la main ; to stick one's legs up in the air lever les jambes en l'air ; stick 'em up ○ ! haut les mains!■ stick with ○:▶ stick with [sb] rester avec [person] ;▶ stick with [sth] rester dans [job] ; s'en tenir à [plan] ; rester fidèle à [brand] ; I'm sticking with my current car for now je garde la voiture que j'ai pour l'instant. -
83 Gresley, Sir Herbert Nigel
[br]b. 19 June 1876 Edinburgh, Scotlandd. 5 April 1941 Hertford, England[br]English mechanical engineer, designer of the A4-class 4–6–2 locomotive holding the world speed record for steam traction.[br]Gresley was the son of the Rector of Netherseale, Derbyshire; he was educated at Marlborough and by the age of 13 was skilled at making sketches of locomotives. In 1893 he became a pupil of F.W. Webb at Crewe works, London \& North Western Railway, and in 1898 he moved to Horwich works, Lancashire \& Yorkshire Railway, to gain drawing-office experience under J.A.F.Aspinall, subsequently becoming Foreman of the locomotive running sheds at Blackpool. In 1900 he transferred to the carriage and wagon department, and in 1904 he had risen to become its Assistant Superintendent. In 1905 he moved to the Great Northern Railway, becoming Superintendent of its carriage and wagon department at Doncaster under H.A. Ivatt. In 1906 he designed and produced a bogie luggage van with steel underframe, teak body, elliptical roof, bowed ends and buckeye couplings: this became the prototype for East Coast main-line coaches built over the next thirty-five years. In 1911 Gresley succeeded Ivatt as Locomotive, Carriage \& Wagon Superintendent. His first locomotive was a mixed-traffic 2–6–0, his next a 2–8–0 for freight. From 1915 he worked on the design of a 4–6–2 locomotive for express passenger traffic: as with Ivatt's 4 4 2s, the trailing axle would allow the wide firebox needed for Yorkshire coal. He also devised a means by which two sets of valve gear could operate the valves on a three-cylinder locomotive and applied it for the first time on a 2–8–0 built in 1918. The system was complex, but a later simplified form was used on all subsequent Gresley three-cylinder locomotives, including his first 4–6–2 which appeared in 1922. In 1921, Gresley introduced the first British restaurant car with electric cooking facilities.With the grouping of 1923, the Great Northern Railway was absorbed into the London \& North Eastern Railway and Gresley was appointed Chief Mechanical Engineer. More 4–6– 2s were built, the first British class of such wheel arrangement. Modifications to their valve gear, along lines developed by G.J. Churchward, reduced their coal consumption sufficiently to enable them to run non-stop between London and Edinburgh. So that enginemen might change over en route, some of the locomotives were equipped with corridor tenders from 1928. The design was steadily improved in detail, and by comparison an experimental 4–6–4 with a watertube boiler that Gresley produced in 1929 showed no overall benefit. A successful high-powered 2–8–2 was built in 1934, following the introduction of third-class sleeping cars, to haul 500-ton passenger trains between Edinburgh and Aberdeen.In 1932 the need to meet increasing road competition had resulted in the end of a long-standing agreement between East Coast and West Coast railways, that train journeys between London and Edinburgh by either route should be scheduled to take 8 1/4 hours. Seeking to accelerate train services, Gresley studied high-speed, diesel-electric railcars in Germany and petrol-electric railcars in France. He considered them for the London \& North Eastern Railway, but a test run by a train hauled by one of his 4–6–2s in 1934, which reached 108 mph (174 km/h), suggested that a steam train could better the railcar proposals while its accommodation would be more comfortable. To celebrate the Silver Jubilee of King George V, a high-speed, streamlined train between London and Newcastle upon Tyne was proposed, the first such train in Britain. An improved 4–6–2, the A4 class, was designed with modifications to ensure free running and an ample reserve of power up hill. Its streamlined outline included a wedge-shaped front which reduced wind resistance and helped to lift the exhaust dear of the cab windows at speed. The first locomotive of the class, named Silver Link, ran at an average speed of 100 mph (161 km/h) for 43 miles (69 km), with a maximum speed of 112 1/2 mph (181 km/h), on a seven-coach test train on 27 September 1935: the locomotive went into service hauling the Silver Jubilee express single-handed (since others of the class had still to be completed) for the first three weeks, a round trip of 536 miles (863 km) daily, much of it at 90 mph (145 km/h), without any mechanical troubles at all. Coaches for the Silver Jubilee had teak-framed, steel-panelled bodies on all-steel, welded underframes; windows were double glazed; and there was a pressure ventilation/heating system. Comparable trains were introduced between London Kings Cross and Edinburgh in 1937 and to Leeds in 1938.Gresley did not hesitate to incorporate outstanding features from elsewhere into his locomotive designs and was well aware of the work of André Chapelon in France. Four A4s built in 1938 were equipped with Kylchap twin blast-pipes and double chimneys to improve performance still further. The first of these to be completed, no. 4468, Mallard, on 3 July 1938 ran a test train at over 120 mph (193 km/h) for 2 miles (3.2 km) and momentarily achieved 126 mph (203 km/h), the world speed record for steam traction. J.Duddington was the driver and T.Bray the fireman. The use of high-speed trains came to an end with the Second World War. The A4s were then demonstrated to be powerful as well as fast: one was noted hauling a 730-ton, 22-coach train at an average speed exceeding 75 mph (120 km/h) over 30 miles (48 km). The war also halted electrification of the Manchester-Sheffield line, on the 1,500 volt DC overhead system; however, anticipating eventual resumption, Gresley had a prototype main-line Bo-Bo electric locomotive built in 1941. Sadly, Gresley died from a heart attack while still in office.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsKnighted 1936. President, Institution of Locomotive Engineers 1927 and 1934. President, Institution of Mechanical Engineers 1936.Further ReadingF.A.S.Brown, 1961, Nigel Gresley, Locomotive Engineer, Ian Allan (full-length biography).John Bellwood and David Jenkinson, Gresley and Stanier. A Centenary Tribute (a good comparative account).See also: Bulleid, Oliver Vaughan SnellPJGRBiographical history of technology > Gresley, Sir Herbert Nigel
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84 CSC
CSC, cartridge storage case————————CSC, central security controlцентрализованный контроль за соблюдением режима секретности, централизованный контроль мер безопасности————————CSC, certificate of security clearance————————CSC, change schedule chart————————CSC, chief sector controller————————CSC, civil service commission————————CSC, civilian screening center————————CSC, coastal spotting center————————CSC, coastal surveillance center————————CSC, combat support command————————CSC, combat support company————————CSC, command and staff college————————CSC, command support centerпункт [пост] обеспечения управления————————CSC, communication switch board————————CSC, communication systems center————————CSC, Communications Security Command————————CSC, computer service center————————CSC, Computer Systems Command————————CSC, conical shaped charge————————CSC, Бр Conspicuous Service Crossкрест "За особые заслуги"————————CSC, continuous service certificate————————CSC, control and supervision commission————————CSC, conventional standoff capability————————CSC, course and speed computerEnglish-Russian dictionary of planing, cross-planing and slotting machines > CSC
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85 SC
SC, Sanitary Corpsсанитарная служба; ЛС санитарной службы————————SC, satellite communications————————SC, Science Committee————————SC, screen commanderкомандир сил [войск] охранения [прикрытия]————————SC, screen coordinatorкоординатор сил [войск] охранения [прикрытия]————————SC, searchlight company————————SC, section commanderкомандир отделения [секции]————————SC, sector commander————————SC, security classification————————SC, security (classification) code————————SC, Security Committee————————SC, senior controller————————SC, service center————————SC, service certificate————————SC, service clubвоенный клуб; клуб военнослужащих рядового и сержантского состава————————SC, service commandкомандование тылового обеспечения; части и подразделения обслуживания————————SC, service company————————SC, shaped charge————————SC, shipping container————————SC, signal center————————SC, signal commandвойска связи; части и подразделения войск связи————————SC, signal communications————————SC, signal company————————SC, signal comparatorблок [устройство] сравнения сигналов————————SC, Signal Corps————————SC, significant characteristicsважные характеристики [параметры]————————SC, simulation coordinatorкоординатор [офицер по координации] использования имитационных средств————————SC, single column————————SC, small craftмалое судно [корабль]————————SC, small-caliberмалокалиберный, малого калибра————————SC, soldier capabilities————————SC, source codeкод(овое обозначение) источника (информации, снабжения)————————SC, Southern Commandкомандование ВС США в зоне Центральной и Южной Америки; Бр Южный военный округ————————SC, Space Command————————SC, spacecraftкосмический аппарат, КА————————SC, spacecraft capsule————————SC, special circuitспециальный канал [линия] связи————————SC, special circularспециальная директива [директивное указание]————————SC, specialty code————————SC, specification change————————SC, specified command————————SC, spot checkвыборочная [внеплановая] проверка; проверка на месте событий [действий]————————SC, squadron commanderкомандир эскадрильи; командир эскадры————————SC, Бр staff captainначальник квартирмейстерского [хозяйственного] отделения (подразделения); помощник НШ по тылу————————SC, Бр staff carштабной [служебный] автомобиль————————SC, Staff College————————SC, staff command————————SC, staff corps————————SC, statement of capability————————SC, station commanderначальник гарнизона; Бр командир АБ; начальник резидентуры, резидент (ЦРУ)————————SC, steering committee————————SC, stock control————————SC, storage capacityемкость [вместимость] склада————————SC, Strike Command————————SC, summary court-martial————————SC, Бр Superintending Cartographer————————SC, supervisor's consoleпульт контролера [диспетчера]————————SC, supervisory control————————SC, supply catalog————————SC, supply center————————SC, supply column————————SC, supply control————————SC, supply corps————————SC, support chiefначальник службы тыла [тылового обеспечения]————————SC, support commandкомандование тыла [тылового обеспечения]————————SC, support coordinatorкоординатор [офицер по координации] тылового обеспечения————————SC, Supreme Commanderверховный главнокомандующий, ВГК————————SC, survey company————————SC, switching centerкоммутационный центр [пункт]; коммутатор————————SC, system concept————————SC, Systems Commandкомандование систем вооружения (ВВС); управление разработки систем————————SC; S/C, service ceilingпрактический [динамический] потолок (ЛА)————————SC; S/C, subcontractorEnglish-Russian dictionary of planing, cross-planing and slotting machines > SC
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86 kesme
1. cutting. 2. tin snips. 3. sector of a circle. 4. cin., television cut, change of scenes. 5. cut, faceted. 6. cube-shaped. 7. fixed (price). - almak slang to pinch someone´s cheek. - işareti gram. apostrophe. - kaya mass of shaly or sandy rock. - makarna vermicelli. - taş hewn stone, ashlar.
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