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  • 21 contra dicta

    contrā, adv. and prep. [stem con, i. e. cum, through a comparative form conter; cf.: alter, uter, inter, praeter, etc.; in abl. fem. form like the locative adverbs ea, qua, etc.; cf.: ultra, intra, extra, citra], orig., in comparison with; hence, over against, fronting, in front, opposite, in opposition to, against, contrary to, opposed to, etc.
    I.
    Adv. (referring to an opposed object often with the force of a preposition with ellipsis of a pronoun, = against it, against him, etc.).
    A.
    Local.
    1.
    Lit., of position in front of a person, place, or thing.
    a.
    With verb of being or position expressed or understood.
    (α).
    Referring to living beings, opposite, in face of, face to face, facing, in front of, fronting, confronting (not in Cic., Caes., or Sall.):

    feminam scelestam te, adstans contra, contuor,

    Plaut. Pers. 2, 2, 26:

    ut confidenter mihi contra adstitit,

    id. Capt. 3, 5, 6; Lucr. 4, 223; 6, 929:

    signum contra, quoad longissume oculi ferebant, animo finivit,

    Liv. 1, 18, 8:

    stat contra starique jubet,

    Juv. 3, 290:

    stat contra dicitque tibi tua pagina Fures!

    Mart. 1, 55, 12:

    ulmus erat contra,

    in front of her, Ov. M. 14, 661:

    templa vides contra,

    in front (of us), id. ib. 7, 587.—Of position in front of the enemy:

    contra conserta manu,

    Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 3: contra consistere, to make front against them, Caes. B. G. 2, 17.—
    (β).
    Referring to things and places, over against (it), opposite (to it), on the opposite side (mostly post-Aug.):

    contra jacet Cancer patulam distentus in alvum,

    Manil. 2, 253:

    posita contra Hispania,

    Tac. Agr. 11:

    promuntorium quod contra procedit,

    Plin. 4, 2, 3, § 6: relinquendae autem contra erunt vacuae tabellae, on the opposite side, i. e. of the leaf, Quint. 10, 3, 32: illo quaerente cur non decidant contra siti, the antipodes (cf. Cic. Ac. 2, 39, 123; v. II. A. 1. c. a), Plin. 2, 65, 65, § 161.—With the governing verb understood:

    arguam hanc vidisse apud te contra conservum meum,

    face to face, Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 91:

    jam omnia contra circaque hostium plena erant, Liv 5, 37, 8: eadem verba contra (i. e. ponuntur),

    side by side, Quint. 9, 3, 36; Verg. A. 6, 23.—
    b.
    With verbs of motion, so as to be opposite to an object or face to face with a person, variously rendered.
    (α).
    Referring to persons:

    accede ad me atque adi contra,

    come right up to me, Plaut. Rud. 1, 4, 23; id. Bacch. 3, 6, 6: hostes crebri cadunt; nostri contra ingruunt, advance to their front (in Plaut. hostility is not implied in contra), id. Am. 1, 1, 84: quis nos pater aut cognatu' volet contra tueri, face to face, eye to eye, Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 12 Mull. (Trag. Rel. v. 444 Rib.); Att. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1, 55 (Trag. Rel. v. 538 ib.):

    adspicedum contra me = contra adspice me,

    Plaut. Most. 5, 1, 56 Lorenz ad lec.:

    contra adspicere,

    id. Mil. 2, 1, 45:

    contra intueri,

    Liv. 1, 16, 6; 9, 6, 8; Sen. Q. N. 1, 3, 6:

    cum veniret contra Marcianus,

    Quint. 6, 3, 95; Plin. 9, 46, 70, § 152.—
    (β).
    Of things:

    hic ubi sol radiis... Adversa fulsit nimborum aspergine contra,

    Lucr. 6, 525; Cels. 8, 8, 1:

    quam (turrim) promoti contra validi asseres... perfregere,

    Tac. H. 4, 30.—Reciprocally: oscula non pervenientia contra, not coming through (the wall) so as to meet, Ov. M. 4, 80.—
    2.
    Transf. to equivalents of weight, value, and price; so,
    (α).
    In Plaut. only in the colloq. phrases auro contra, aurichalco contra, and contra auro (sc. posito); lit., for gold placed against; cf.:

    aes contrarium, s. v. contrarius: (servus) non carus'st auro contra,

    at his weight in gold, Plaut. Ep. 3, 3, 30: jam auro contra constat filius, id. Truc. 2, 6, 57 (Speng. aurichalco): auro contra cedo modestum amatorem! A me aurum accipe. Pa. Cedo mihi contra aurichalco quoi ego sano serviam, id. Curc. 1, 3, 45 sq.; id. Mil. 3, 1, 63; 4, 2, 85; id. Ps. 2, 3, 23.—
    (β).
    In post-Aug. prose (very rare):

    at si aquae et ejus rei quam contra pensabis par pondus erit, nec pessum ibit, nec exstabit, etc.,

    Sen. Q. N. 3, 25, 5.—
    3.
    Of reciprocal actions, = vicissim, in turn, in return, back, on my, his, etc., part, likewise, counter-.
    (α).
    In gen.:

    te ut deludam contra, lusorem meum,

    Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 71:

    quae me amat, quam ego contra amo,

    id. Merc. 5. 2, 77; id. Cist. 1, 1, 96; id. Trin. 4, 2, 55; id. As. 2, 2, 110:

    qui arguat se, eum contra vincat jurejurando suo,

    make a victorious counter-charge, id. Mil. 2, 2, 37:

    si laudabit haec Illius formam, tu hujus contra (i. e. lauda),

    Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 54:

    audi nunc contra jam,

    listen in turn, id. Phorm. 4, 4, 18; id. Ad. 5, 4, 23:

    at tu mihi contra nunc videre fortunatus, Phaedria, Cui, etc.,

    you likewise seem fortunate to me, id. Phorm. 1, 3, 21:

    Mettius Tullo gratulatur, contra Tullus Mettium benigne alloquitur,

    Liv. 1, 28, 1:

    contra ut me diligat illa,

    Cat. 76. 23; Hor. S. 1, 3, 27 Orell. ad loc.—Hence, with ellipsis of inquit, = respondit:

    cui latrans contra senex,

    Phaedr. 5, 10, 7:

    scietis, inquam, etc., contra Nigrinus: ad quem missi sunt? ego, etc.,

    Plin. Ep. 7, 6, 4.—

    Rarely with inquit, etc., expressed: at ille contra, renidens, Audi, inquit, discipule, etc.,

    Gell. 15, 9, 9; cf.:

    contra talia reddit,

    Claud. B. Gild. 379.—
    (β).
    With dat. pers.:

    consulo quem dolum doloso contra conservo parem,

    Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 45:

    facere contra huic aegre,

    Ter. Eun. 4, 1, 10:

    hiscine contra insidiabere?

    id. Hec. 1. 1, 13:

    tibi contra gratiam Referre,

    id. ib. 4, 2, 7.—
    (γ).
    With item:

    item a me contra factum est,

    Plaut. Aul. prol. 20:

    puellam senex Amat et item contra filius,

    id. Cas. prol. 49; id. Pers. 5, 2, 36; id. Am. 1, 1, 67; Ter. Ad. 1, 1, 25.—
    (δ).
    Combining a reciprocal with a local relation (A. 1. a. a, and b. a): contra carinantes verba, exchanging abusive words ( face to face), Enn. ap. Serv. ad Verg. A. 8, 361 (Ann. v. 181 Vahl.): tubae utrimque contra canunt;

    Consonat terra,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 73; 1, 1, 86:

    confer gradum Contra pariter,

    id. Ps. 2, 4, 18; id. Truc. 1, 2, 28:

    video amicam... Ubi contra adspexit me, etc.,

    id. Mil. 2, 1, 45; Verg. E. 7, 8; cf. Lucr. 4, 243:

    vesper adest, juvenes consurgite!... Cernitis, innuptae, juvenes? consurgite contra!

    Cat. 62, 6.—
    (ε).
    Implying also opposition: Pe. Conpellabo. Ph. Orationis aciem contra conferam, Plaut. Ep. 4, 1, 20:

    si scias quod donum huic dono contra comparet,

    what counter gift, Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 63: quod Scipio postulavit... ut, etc. Et quod contra collega postulavit ne, etc., Annal. Trib. Pleb. ap. Gell. 7 (6), 19, 5:

    si vobis aequa et honesta postulatio videtur, ego contra brevem postulationem adfero,

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 2, 7; Nep. Epam. 6, 1;

    Auct. B. Alex. 24: illo licente contra liceri audeat nemo,

    to bid in opposition, Caes. B. G. 1, 18; Liv. 4, 53, 6:

    agedum pauca accipe contra,

    Hor. S. 1, 4, 38.—So in battle:

    Numidae... Romanorum ordines conturbare... neque contra feriundi copia erat,

    Sall. J. 50, 4; and in law: et ab eo is qui adoptat vindicat... et illo contra non vindicante, etc., Gai Inst. 1, 134; 2, 24.—Esp. in replies:

    oratio contra a Demosthene pro Ctesiphonte edita,

    Cic. de Or. 3, 56, 213:

    dicit accusator haec: primum, etc.... quid contra reus?

    id. Clu. 30, 81; id. Fin. 5, 22, 63; Curt. 4, 1, 10; 7, 9, 1.
    B.
    Of opposition, strife, etc., against; constr. absol., with dat., and ne, quominus or quin.
    1.
    Of physical exertion.
    (α).
    Lit.:

    concurrunt... aetheriae nubes contra pugnantibu' ventis,

    struggling against each other, Lucr. 6. 98:

    nec nos obniti contra... Sufficimus,

    bear up, battle against, Verg. A. 5, 21; Ov. M. 9, 50; 2, 434:

    at ille contra nititur,

    resists, Plin. 2, 38, 38, § 103; 7, 20, 19, § 82:

    pars remigum, tamquam imperitia... officia nautarum impediebant. Mox contra tendere,

    rowed in an opposite direction, Tac. H. 4, 16.—
    (β).
    Trop.:

    te rogo ne contrahas ac demittas animum, neque te obrui tamquam fluctu... sinas, contraque erigas ac resistas,

    Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 1, § 4:

    et torrens judicem vel nitentem contra feret, cogatque ire qua rapiet,

    Quint. 12, 10, 61.— With ne: vi contra niti, ne advorsus eum fiat, Cato ap. Gell. 7 (6), 3, 16.—With quominus, Lucr. 1, 780.—
    2.
    Of mental exertion:

    si tibi vera videntur, Dede manus, aut, si falsum est, accingere contra,

    arm yourself against them, Lucr. 2, 1043; 2, 280. —With dat.:

    siti contra... pugnandum,

    Cels. 4, 2 fin. —
    3.
    Of hostile opposition in gen.
    (α).
    Lit.:

    quod animadversum est in eo qui contra omni ratione pugnarunt, non debeo reprehendere,

    who made opposition in every way, Cic. Rosc. Am. 47, 137; id. Verr. 2, 2, 43, § 107:

    contra etiam aliquid abs te profectum ex multis audivi,

    something inimical, id. Fam. 5, 5, 2.—
    (β).
    Trop.:

    aut alio quovis (sc. colore) qui contra pugnet et obstet,

    Lucr. 2, 794; 2, 868.—
    4.
    Of warfare.
    (α).
    Lit.:

    ut eos adversarios existimemus qui arma contra ferant,

    Cic. Off. 1, 25, 87; 1, 12, 37; Vell. 2, 28, 4; cf.:

    quid quod exercitum contra duxit?

    Auct. Her. 4, 16, 23:

    ut si qua ex parte obviam contra veniretur, acie instructa depugnarent,

    if they should be attacked by an open charge, Caes. B. G. 7, 28:

    issentque confestim ad urbem ni venire contra exercitum... audissent,

    Liv. 7, 39, 17:

    cum Romanae legiones contra direxerint,

    would oppose their march, Tac. H. 4, 58; id. A. 6, 44.—With dat.:

    et huic contra itum ad amnem Erinden,

    Tac. A. 11, 10.—
    (β).
    Trop.:

    quod ubi viderunt corvi, contra auxiliantur, velut adversus communem hostem,

    Plin. 10, 74, 95, § 205.—
    5.
    Of legal contests.
    (α).
    With verbs of saying; v. 9. a.—
    (β).
    Venire contra, of any legal act with the intention to hurt the adversary:

    quid? si omnium mortalium Sthenio nemo inimicior quam hic C. Claudius... fuit? si de litteris corruptis contra venit, etc.?

    if he made a charge of forgery against him? Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 43, § 107; cf. II. B. c. b.—
    (γ).
    On the part of the adversary:

    inveniendum contra est, quo distet haec causa a ceteris,

    Quint. 5, 10, 114; 9, 2, 35; 12, 8, 10.—
    (δ).
    Of judgments against the parties or against opinions:

    ne spoliaret fama probatum hominem si contra judicasset,

    given an adverse decision, Cic. Off. 3, 19, 77; cf. Val. Max. 7, 2, 4; Cic. Caecin. 24, 69.—
    6.
    Of literary opposition.
    (α).
    Mostly with verbs of saying; v. 9. a. g.—
    (β).
    With other verbs:

    astrologorum artem contra convincere tendit,

    Lucr. 5, 728:

    contra nunc illud pone, etc.,

    Sen. Ben. 7, 14, 6:

    habeat (liber meus) etiam quosdam qui contra sentiant et adversentur,

    some dissentients and opponents, Quint. 3, 1, 5; 2, 17, 40; 3, 8, 69.—
    7.
    Of public and political opposition.
    (α).
    With verbs of saying; v. 9. a. d.—
    (β).
    With petere, to be a candidate for office in opposition to another:

    nihil enim supererat de quo certarent, nihil quod contra peterent,

    no office was left for which to canvass against each other, Cic. Agr. 2, 33, 91:

    honores contra petere,

    Quint. 6, 1, 17.—With ire, with dat., of an opposing vote in the senate (cf.:

    pedibus ire): sententia Cassii ut nemo unus contra ire ausus est, ita dissonae voces respondebant,

    Tac. A. 14, 45.—
    8.
    Of violation of law, contracts, etc.: contra facere, or contra committere, to violate, transgress a law, etc.: leges esse non ex ejus qui contra commiserit utilitate, spectari oportere, not in the interest of the transgressor, Cic. Inv. 2, 48, 153:

    si quis sub hoc pacto vendiderit ancillam ne prostitueretur, et si contra factum esset,

    and if the contract was violated, Dig. 18, 1, 56.—
    9.
    With verbs of saying, etc., contra dicere; less freq. disputare, disserere, pugnare, in the sense of dicere, and contra scribere (often contradico, in one word, in post-Aug. writers; esp. with dat.).
    a.
    Absol.
    (α).
    Contra dicere, to speak as counsel of the adversary, to plead his cause, in legal proceedings:

    cum contra dicturus Hortensius esset,

    would speak on the other side, Cic. Quint. 24, 77:

    hoc... contra dicente Cotta judicatum est,

    id. Caecin. 33, 97:

    dixisse ut contra nemo videretur,

    id. Brut. 53, 198: ut contra Crassus... exorsus est, began on the other side, id. ib. § 197.—Hence: qui contra dicit, the adversary or counsel of the adversary:

    contra autem qui dicet, similitudinem infirmare debebit,

    Cic. Inv. 2, 50, 151; id. Part. Or. 21, 108.—In the same sense: agens contra: si nos... impares agentium contra ingeniis dixerimus, that we are unequal to the talents of our adversary's counsel, [p. 453] Quint. 4, 1, 8.—
    (β).
    To make charges against (rare):

    si qui contra vellet dicere, usurum esse eum suo testimonio,

    Cic. Clu. 48, 134:

    qua ratione nemo neque tum item fecerit, neque nunc contra dicat,

    id. Quint. 29, 88; so,

    contra disputare, of objections to or against a witness: nihil contra disputabo priusquam dixerit,

    id. Fl. 21, 51.—
    (γ).
    In gen., to speak on the other side of a question:

    fiebat autem ita, ut cum is qui audire vellet dixisset quid sibi videretur, tum ego contra dicerem,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 4, 8; id. Fin. 2, 1, 2; so,

    contra disputare and contra scribere,

    id. Or. 1, 19, 85; Vitr. 3, 1, 6; Quint. 2, 17, 13; Dig. 9, 2, 21, § 1.—Hence: qui contra dicunt or disputant, the opponents:

    nec qui contra dicunt causam difficilem repellunt,

    Cic. Fin. 3, 1, 2:

    ad coarguendos qui contra disputant,

    to refule his opponents, Quint. 2, 15, 26.—
    (δ).
    To oppose or object to a proposition, motion, or petition:

    quam palam principes dixerunt contra!

    protested against it, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 16, § 41; Caes. B. C. 1, 32; Cic. Clu. 47, 130.—With pugnare:

    cum decerneretur frequenti senatu, contra pugnante Pisone, etc.,

    Cic. Att. 1, 14, 5:

    filius ejus incolumitatem optat: contradicit pater,

    the father objects, Quint. 9, 2, 85; 9, 2, 83; Plin. ap. Gell. 9, 16, 5; Cic. Dom. 33, 87:

    contradicente nullo,

    Suet. Caes. 20; Dig. 3, 3, 15.—
    (ε).
    To reply:

    contradixit edicto,

    answered by an edict, Suet. Aug. 56. —
    (ζ).
    Abl. absol. impers.:

    explorandum videtur an etiam contradicto aliquando judicio consuetudo firmata sit,

    whether the custom has been confirmed by judgment upon a judicial contest, Dig. 1, 3, 34.—
    b.
    With acc. neutr. pron., to object, to make or raise an objection, to reply; esp. in legal proceedings:

    ego enim, te disputante, quid contra dicerem meditabar,

    Cic. N. D. 3, 1, 1:

    ut contra si quid dicere velit non audiatur,

    id. Fin. 5, 10, 27:

    aiebat illum primo sane diu multa contra (i. e. dixisse), ad extremum autem, etc.,

    id. Att. 2, 22, 2.— Hence: quod contra dicitur, or quae contra dicuntur, the objections:

    ut et id quod intenderemus confirmare, et id quod contra diceretur refellere (possemus),

    refute the objections, Cic. de Or. 1, 20, 90:

    quia neque reprehendi quae contra dicuntur possunt, etc.,

    id. ib. 2, 81, 331; id. Inv. 2, 44, 127; Quint. 1, 2, 17.—In the same sense, as subst.: contrā dicta, orum, n. plur.:

    seu proposita confirmamus, sive contra dicta dissolvimus,

    or refute the objections, Quint. 4, prooem. 6.—With acc. and inf.:

    dicitur contra, nullum esse testamentum,

    the objection is made that there is no testament, Cic. Agr. 2, 6, 42.—
    c.
    With dat., written in one word (post-Aug.).
    (α).
    To oppose a person by speaking against his views:

    solitum se etiam Thraseae contradicere,

    to oppose even Thrasea, Tac. H. 2, 91:

    tibi,

    Suet. Aug. 54:

    Curioni...,

    id. Rhet. 1. —Hence of answers and replies in law: quid si filium testatoris heres ejus prohibuit? Huic contradici potest: ergo pietatis, etc., he may be answered by this plea, etc., Dig. 11, 7, 14, § 13.—And of advisory answers opposed to one's legal views:

    volenti mihi ream adulterii postulare eam, etc., contradictum est,

    my views were disapproved, rejected, Dig. 48, 5, 11, § 10.—
    (β).
    To oppose an opinion, with dat. of the thing:

    cum plures tantum sententiis aliorum contradicerent,

    opposed the opinions, Tac. H. 1, 39.—
    (γ).
    To object to a motion or petition, with dat. of the petitioner:

    patrem qui damnavit optat ne is torqueatur: pater ei contradicit,

    the father objects, Quint. 9, 2, 81:

    cum ambienti ut legibus solveretur multi contradicerent,

    Suet. Caes. 18; Dig. 40, 5, 14; 40, 12, 33.—
    (δ).
    With dat. of the petition:

    preces erant, sed quibus contradici non posset,

    which could not be denied, Tac. H. 4, 46 fin.; Dig. 3, 1, 1, § 2.—
    (ε).
    To contest the validity of a law (rare):

    quibus (legibus) contradici potest,

    Quint. 7, 7, 4.—
    (ζ).
    To contradict an assertion (very rare):

    pro certis autem habemus... cuicunque adversarius non contradicit,

    Quint. 5, 10, 13.—
    d.
    With quin, to object:

    praetor Samnitibus respondit... nec contra dici quin amicitia de integro reconcilietur,

    there was no objection to a reconciliation, Liv. 8, 2, 2.
    C.
    To one's disadvantage; mostly predic. with esse, unfavorable, adverse, damaging (post-Aug.;

    but cf. II. B. 2.): ut eum qui responsurus est vel tacere, vel etiam invitum id quod sit contra cogat fateri,

    Quint. 7, 3, 14:

    cum verba (legis) contra sint,

    id. 7, 1, 49:

    sed experimentum contra fuit,

    unsuccessful, Tac. H. 2, 97 fin.:

    ubi fortuna contra fuit,

    id. ib. 3, 18:

    si fortuna contra daret,

    should be unfavorable, id. ib. 1, 65 fin.; id. A. 15, 13.
    D.
    Of logical opposition, with negative force.
    1.
    Of a direct contrast.
    a.
    Predicatively, with esse, fieri, etc., the contrary, the opposite:

    quod fieri totum contra manifesta docet res,

    but experience teaches that just the contrary is true, Lucr. 3, 686; 4, 1088:

    in stultitia contra est,

    with fools the reverse is true, Cic. Clu. 31, 84:

    in hac quidem re vereor ne etiam contra (i. e. sit),

    id. Att. 12, 46; id. Off. 1, 15, 49:

    quod contra est,

    Sall. J. 85, 21:

    quis non credat, etc.? Contra autem est,

    Sen. Q. N. 3, 25, 12; id. Ep. 7, 3; Dig. 37, 4, 4:

    contra fore si, etc.,

    ib. 34, 2, 39, § 2:

    immo forsitan et contra (i. e. erit),

    ib. 41, 3, 49:

    ego contra puto (i. e. esse),

    Plin. Ep. 1, 20, 7; Lampr. Alex. Sev. 25.—
    b.
    With evenire, accidere, sentire, scribere, habere, etc.:

    utrumque contra accidit: istic enim bellum est exortum, hic pax consecuta,

    of both the contrary has happened, Cic. Fam. 12, 18, 2; so Dig. 38, 2, 51:

    id ego contra puto (sc.: faciendum esse),

    id. Att. 10, 8, 2:

    contra evenit in iis morbis,

    Sen. Ep. 52, 7; Plin. 2, 65, 65, § 163:

    ego contra sentio,

    Sen. Clem. 1, 15, 5; Sedig. ap. Gell. 15, 24, 4; Dig. 40, 2, 25:

    Proculus contra (sc. sentit),

    ib. 35, 2, 1, § 14; 33, 7, 25:

    licet Celsus contra scribat,

    ib. 9, 2, 21, § 1: contra probatur, Gai Inst. 2, 78; Dig. 33, 7, 12, § 34.—Very rarely referring to a term in the same clause:

    cujus disparem mitioremque naturam contra interpretabatur,

    interpreted in an opposite sense, misinterpreted, misunderstood, Tac. H. 4, 86 fin. —
    c.
    Referring to a word or phrase in the same predicate.
    (α).
    To an adverb, in an opposite manner, otherwise, differently, not, etc.:

    nam ad summam totius rei pertinet, caute an contra demonstrata res sit,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 81, 330: quod viriliter animoque fit, id, etc.;

    quod contra, id turpe,

    id. Off. 1, 27, 94:

    sit sapienter usus aut contra,

    Quint. 2, 5, 15:

    lactuca locis apricis optume autumno ponitur, mediterraneis aut frigidis contra ( = pessime),

    Col. 11, 3, 25.—
    (β).
    To a predicative adjective, not, the opposite, the reverse, etc.:

    ut aliae (res) probabiles videantur aliae contra,

    improbable, Cic. Ac. 2, 32, 103; id. Off. 2, 2, 7:

    quid est quod me impediat ea quae probabilia mihi videantur sequi, quae contra, improbare,

    id. ib. 2, 2, 8; id. Or. 2, 31, 135; Quint. 4, 2, 52.—
    (γ).
    To a verbal predicate:

    an frater fratri exsistat heres, an contra ( = annon),

    Dig. 34, 5, 19.—
    (δ).
    To a subject infinitive:

    laudare testem vel contra pertinet ad momentum judiciorum,

    praising or censuring a witness, Quint. 3, 7, 2.—
    (ε).
    To a clause, translated by not or by a repetition of the clause with a negative:

    quae secundum naturam essent, ea sumenda et quadam aestimatione dignanda docebat, contraque contraria,

    those that were not, not, Cic. Ac. 1, 10, 36: quod cuidam aut sapiens videor quod una non jerim, aut felix fuisse;

    mihi contra,

    id. Att. 9, 12, 4: an credibile est, incestum cum filia commissum? Et contra, veneficum in noverca, adulterum in luxurioso? and incredible, etc., Quint. 5, 10, 19; so Dig. 9, 1, 2, § 1.—
    (ζ).
    To an attributive genitive:

    Marius cognoscere quid boni utrisque or contra esset (i. e. mali),

    Sall. J. 88, 2:

    verum de origine laudis contraque perspiciemus suo tempore (i. e. vituperationis),

    Quint. 2, 4, 21:

    alii a propositione accusatoris contraque loci oriuntur,

    the accuser and the accused, id. 7, 2, 31;

    so in several titles of the Digests, as Depositi vel contra, = actio depositi, vel contraria actio depositarii,

    Dig. 16, 3 tit.; so ib. 16, 17, 1; 16, 13, 6; 16, 13, 7.—
    2.
    Reversing the relation of terms in the preceding sentence, the reverse, conversely, vice versa, etc.
    a.
    With its own predicate: saepe... corpus aegret, Cum tamen ex alia laetamur parte latenti;

    Et retro fit uti contra sit saepe vicissim, Cum miser ex animo laetatur corpore toto,

    Lucr. 3, 108: illa altera argumentatio, quasi retro et contra, prius sumit, etc., ( proceeding), so to speak, backward and in inverted order, Cic. Part. Or. 13, 46: neque illud ignoro, etc.; sed non idem accidit contra, but the converse is not true, Quint. 8, 6, 3; Gell. 4, 2, 5: ut vocabula verbis, verba rursus adverbiis, nomina appositis et pronominibus essent priora. Nam fit contra quoque frequenter non indecore. for often, not inelegantly, the order is reversed, Quint. 9, 4, 24:

    quae etiam contra valent,

    i. e. if the terms are reversed, id. 3, 7, 25; 9, 2, 49; 8, 6, 25; 9, 4, 72.—
    b.
    Belonging to the same predicate:

    ut quidque erit dicendum ita dicet, nec satura jejune, nec grandia minute, nec item contra,

    Cic. Or. 36, 123:

    cum emtor venditori, vel contra, heres exstitit,

    Dig. 35, 2, 48:

    in quibus patrium pro possessivo dicitur, vel contra,

    Quint. 1, 5, 45; 5, 10, 71:

    junguntur autem aut ex nostro et peregrino, ut biclinium, aut contra, ut epitogium et Anticato,

    id. 1, 5, 68:

    ut capras in montosis potius locis quam in herbidis (pascar), equas contra,

    but with mares the reverse is the case, Varr. R. R. 2, 1, 16:

    itaque ille dicere melius quam praecipere, nos contra fortasse possumus,

    Cic. Or. 42, 143:

    qua collegi solent ex his quae faciunt ea quae faciuntur, aut contra,

    or vice versa, Quint. 5, 10, 80; Dig. 14, 1, 1, § 12; 48, 5, 23, § 4.
    E.
    In logical antithesis of clauses with a merely rhet. force, on the contrary, on the other hand, vice versa; sometimes almost = sed or autem (freq.).
    1.
    In independent clauses.
    a.
    Opposing persons or parties: fortunam insanam esse... perhibent philosophi... Sunt autem alii philosophi qui contra Fortunam negant ullam exstare, Pac. ap. Auct. Her. 2, 23, 36 (Trag. Rel. v. 372 Rib.); Caecil. ap. Cic. Tusc. 4, 32, 68; Varr. R. R. 1, 8, 1:

    ego etiam quae tu sine Verre commisisti Verri crimini daturus sum... Tu, contra, ne quae ille quidem fecit, obicies,

    Cic. Div. in Caecil. 11, 35:

    ego contra ostendo, non modo nihil fecisse Sex. Roscium, sed, etc.,

    id. Rosc. Am. 29, 79; id. Phil. 8, 3, 8; id. Off. 1, 30, 108; id. Fin. 5, 22, 62:

    in Italia bellum gerimus, in sede ac solo nostro... Hannibal contra in aliena, in hostili est terra,

    Liv. 22, 39, 13; 21, 50, 2; 3, 15, 2; 6, 7, 4; 9, 35, 4 et saep.; Nep. Alcib. 8, 1; Vell. 2, 31, 4; Sen. Ep. 9, 14; id. Ira, 2, 33, 6; Plin. 35, 10, 37, § 113; Tac. H. 3, 84; 3, 57; Suet. Tib. 2; id. Vit. 2; Just. 2, 1, 10; 8, 4, 11:

    contra mercator, navim jactantibus austris Militia est potior?

    Hor. S. 1, 1, 6; 1, 2, 30; 1, 3, 27; Prop. 2, 1, 45; 2, 23, 13 (3, 17, 3); Sen. Hippol. 214;

    so with versa vice: barbarae gentes (Alexandrum) non ut hostem, sed ut parentem luxerunt... Contra Macedones versa vice non ut civem, sed ut hostem amissum gaudebant,

    Just. 13, 1, 7.—
    b.
    Introducing a secondary or parallel opposition of thought: in loco umidiore far potius serunt quam triticum;

    contra in aridiore hordeum potius quam far,

    Varr. R. R. 1, 9, 4; 1, 1, 47: si nihil esset quod inane vocaret, Omne foret solidum;

    nisi contra corpora certe Essent, etc., Omne quod est spatium vacuum constaret inane,

    Lucr. 1, 521; 4, 348; cf.:

    justa omnia decora sunt, injusta contra, ut turpia, sic indecora,

    Cic. Off. 1, 27, 94; id. N. D. 2, 15, 41; id. de Or. 3, 33, 136; id. Quint. 30, 93: id. Off. 3, 21, 84; id. Leg. 2, 1, 2: facilem esse rem... si modo unum omnes sentiant; contra in dissensione nullam se salutem perspicere, Caes. B. G, 5, 31; Liv. 25, 30, 3; Sen. Ben. 1, 5, 2; Plin. 12, 19, 42, § 92; 11, 14, 14, § 35; Suet. Caes. 73; Gell. 1, 4, 5:

    si male rem gerere insani est, contra bene, sani,

    Hor. S. 2, 3, 74.—
    2.
    In opposition to a dependent clause:

    ut hi miseri, sic contra illi beati quos, etc.,

    Cic. Tusc. 5, 6, 16; so id. de Or. 1, 45, 198; Quint. 9, 3, 39:

    cui ego rei tantum abest ut impedimento sim, ut contra te M. Manli adhorter, etc.,

    Liv. 6, 15, 5; 6, 31, 4:

    cum virtus adeo neminem spe ac pollicitatione corrumpat, ut contra in se inpendere jubeat, ac, etc.,

    Sen. Ben. 4, 1, 2: aut igitur negemus quidquam ratione confici, cum contra nihil sine ratione recte fieri possit, aut, etc., whereas on the contrary, etc., Cic. Tusc. 4, 38, 84; cf.:

    at contra,

    Lucr. 2, 392.—
    3.
    With co-ordinate conjunctions.
    a.
    Copulative, et contra or contraque (never with ac or atque); also nec contra (rare), and on the other hand.
    (α).
    With reference to a reason or conclusion, after nam, enim, cum, or itaque: nam et ratione uti... omnique in re quid sit veri videre et tueri decet, contraque falli [p. 454]... tam dedecet quam, etc., Cic. Off. 1, 27, 94:

    malus est enim custos... metus, contraque benevolentia fidelis,

    id. ib. 2, 7, 23:

    cum reficiat animos varietas ipsa, contraque sit aliquanto difficilius in labore uno perseverare,

    Quint. 1, 12, 4; 3, 8, 32; 8, 6, 20:

    itaque in probris maxime in promptu est, si quid tale dici potest, etc. Contraque in laudibus, etc.,

    Cic. Off. 1, 18, 61; cf. Suet. Calig. 51; so with nec:

    nam nec comoedia cothurnis assurgit, nec contra tragoedia socculo ingreditur,

    Quint. 10, 2, 22.—
    (β).
    With contrasted examples or illustrations, often after ut or sic:

    audivi ex majoribus natu, hoc idem fuisse in P. Scipione Nasica, contraque patrem ejus... nullam comitatem habuisse sermonis,

    Cic. Off. 1, 30, 109:

    ut suspitionibus credi oportere, et contra suspitionibus credi non oportere,

    id. Inv. 2, 15, 48; Quint. 8, 4, 1; 5, 10, 48; 9, 3, 7; 9, 4, 52; 11, 1, 14; Sen. Ep. 82, 14; Dig. 17, 1, 22, § 4.—
    (γ).
    With contrasted actions, assumptions, etc.:

    atque utinam qui ubique sunt propugnatores hujus imperii possent in hanc civitatem venire, et contra oppugnatores rei publicae de civitate exterminari!

    Cic. Balb. 22, 51:

    domo pignori data, et area ejus tenebitur... et contra jus soli sequitur aedificium,

    Dig. 13, 7, 21:

    equo et asina genitos mares, hinnos antiqui vocabant: contraque mulos quos asini et equae generassent,

    Plin. 8, 44, 69, § 17: ceterum potest ex lege quidem esse judicium, sed legitimum non esse, et contra ex lege non esse, sed legitimum esse, Gai Inst. 4, 109; Plin. 2, 65, 65, § 161; 35, 15, 5, § 183.—
    (δ).
    After a negative clause, affirming the opposite idea, et contra or contraque, but on the contrary:

    in quo (consulatu) ego imperavi nihil, et contra patribus conscriptis et bonis omnibus parui,

    Cic. Sull. 7, 21:

    nunc vero cum ne pulsus quidem ita sim ut superare non possim, contraque a populo Romano semper sim defensus, etc.,

    id. Dom. 33, 88; id. Fin. 2, 17, 55; id. Marcell. 6, 20; so,

    et contra,

    Suet. Tit. 7.—
    b.
    With adversative conjunctions, at contra, sed contra, contra autem, contra vero (not verum contra, nor contra tamen).
    (α).
    At contra (freq.), merely a strengthened contra (v. 1. supra): huc accedit uti mellis lactisque liquores Jucundo sensu linguae tractentur in ore;

    At contra taetri absinthi natura... foedo pertorqueat ora sapore,

    Lucr. 2, 400:

    cogunt,

    id. 2, 74; 1, 366; 2, 235 et saep.: nos qui domi sumus, tibi beati videmur;

    at contra nobis tu quidem... prae nobis beatus,

    Cic. Fam. 4, 4, 2; id. Tusc. 1, 3, 5; id. Rosc. Am. 45, 131; id. Verr. 2, 5, 26, § 66; Sall. J. 36, 2; 4, 7; 15, 3; id. C. 12, 5:

    ideo siccas aiunt Aethiopiae solitudines... At contra constat Germaniam abundare rivis,

    Sen. Q. N. 3, 6, 2; 1, 3, 1; id. Ep. 100, 7; Plin. 7, 53, 54, § 186; Suet. Galb. 15; Tac. A. 4, 28.—
    (β).
    Sed contra, after a negative sentence (class.):

    non quo acui ingenia adulescentium nollem, sed contra ingenia obtundi nolui,

    Cic. de Or. 3, 24, 93; id. Att. 9, 15, 3; id. Ac. 1, 10, 35; id. Fl. 11, 26:

    arma populi Romani non liberis servitutem, sed contra servientibus libertatem adferre,

    Liv. 45, 18, 1:

    tu ne cede malis, sed contra audentior ito,

    Verg. A. 6, 95; Plin. Ep. 1, 10, 12.—PostAug. also without a preceding negation:

    obiisse nostro Laium scelere autumant superi inferique: sed animus contra innocens... negat,

    Sen. Oedip. 765; Symm. Ep. 6, 81.—
    (γ).
    Contra autem (rare;

    in Cic. only where different subjects have contrasted predicates in dependent clauses): quia pacis est insigne toga, contra autem arma tumultus atque belli,

    Cic. Pis. 30, 73.—In later writers = contra alone:

    sub septemtrione aedificia... conversa ad calidas partes oportere fieri videntur. Contra autem sub impetu solis meridiani regionibus conversa ad septemtrionem... sunt facienda,

    Vitr. 6, 1, 2; Gell. 14, 2, 19; Dig. 7, 1, 25, § 3; 34, 3, 25.—
    (δ).
    Contra vero (very rare;

    not in Cic.), used for contra: contra vero quercus infinitam habet aeternitatem,

    Vitr. 2, 9, 8; 6, 1, 3; Cels. 3, 6 fin. —
    (ε).
    Atqui contra, App. Mag. p. 287, 24.—
    c.
    With disjunctive conjunctions, aut contra, vel contra, seu contra, or on the contrary, or conversely (always without change of subject).
    (α).
    Aut contra:

    num aut scriptum neget, aut contra factum infitietur?

    Cic. Part. Or. 38, 133: quae (mens) aut languescit... aut contra tumescit, etc., Quint. 1, 2, 18:

    si imbres defuere, aut contra abundavere,

    Plin. 17, 24, 37, § 228.—
    (β).
    Vel contra:

    hinc enim quaestiones oriuntur: Injuriam fecisti, sed quia magistratus, majestatis actio est? Vel contra: Licuit... quia magistratus?

    Quint. 5, 10, 40; 9, 4, 96; Suet. Galb. 3; Dig. 35, 2, 56, § 4; 8, 4, 6.—
    (γ).
    Seu contra:

    seu tristis veniam, seu contra laetus amicis,

    Prop. 1, 11, 25.—
    d.
    With causal conjunctions, nam contra (very rare;

    never contra enim): falso queritur de natura sua genus humanum quod, etc. Nam contra, reputando, neque majus aliud, neque praestabilius invenies,

    Sall. J. 1, 1; Quint. 1, 1, 1; 9, 2, 23. —
    4.
    In late Lat., e contra (also one word, ēcontrā) = contra,
    (α).
    In the meaning, the contrary (D. 1.):

    aliis vero econtra videtur,

    Hier. Ep. 12.—
    (β).
    Et econtra = et contra (E. 3. a.):

    honestiorum provectu et econtra suppliciis,

    Aur. Vict. Caes. 39, 45.—For quod contra, v. II. E. 1. c.—
    5.
    With emphatic particles.
    a.
    Quin contra, nay on the contrary, opposing an affirmative sentence to a preceding negative statement (quin etiam amplifies without opposition; sed contra opposes without amplification; quin contra both opposes and amplifies);

    not before Livy: num qui enim socordius rempublicam administrari post Calvi tribunatum... quam? etc. Quin contra patricios aliquot damnatos... neminem plebeium,

    Liv. 6, 37, 8; 31, 31, 9; 35, 26, 10; 37, 15, 3.—
    b.
    Immo contra (post-Aug.).
    (α).
    = no, on the contrary, refuting opinions, after questions and in the form of a dialogue:

    existimas nunc me detrahere tibi multas voluptates?... Immo contra, nolo tibi umquam deesse laetitiam,

    Sen. Ep. 23, 3; Dig. 33, 7, 5; 33, 7, 29.—
    (β).
    = sed contra, but on the contrary:

    proinde ne submiseris te, immo contra fige stabilem gradum,

    Sen. Cons. Marc. 5, 6; id. Cons. Polyb. 15, 2; cf. prep.:

    immo contra ea,

    Liv. 41, 24, 8; cf. II. E. 1. b. infra.—
    c.
    Item contra = an emphatic et contra (very rare):

    quoniam... beate vivere alii in alio, vos in voluptate ponitis, item contra miseriam in dolore, etc.,

    Cic. Fin. 2, 27, 86; cf. I. A. 3. g supra.
    F.
    With a comparative clause introduced by ac, atque, or quam, representing a logical or moral opposition (contra atque debuit = non ita ut debuit; cf. Cic. Or. 3, 19, 70); cf. prep., II. C. 3. g, and II. E. 2. infra.
    1.
    Of logical opposition, contrary to, different from, otherwise than; in the best prose only with atque or ac.
    (α).
    With atque:

    item, contra atque apud nos, fieri ad Elephantinem ut neque ficus neque vites amittant folia,

    Varr. R. R. 1, 7, 6:

    simulacrum Jovis, contra atque ante fuerat, ad orientem convertere,

    Cic. Cat. 3, 8, 20; id. Sull. 24, 69:

    judicium suscepturos contra atque omnis Italia populusque Romanus judicavisset,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 12; id. B. G. 4, 13; Plin. 12, 19, 43, § 95.—
    (β).
    With ac:

    itaque contra est ac dicitis,

    Cic. Fin. 4, 15, 41:

    vides, omnia fere contra ac dicta sint evenisse,

    id. Div. 2, 24, 53; so id. Verr. 2, 4, 6, § 11; id. Or. 40, 137:

    cum contra ac Deiotarus sensit victoria belli judicaret,

    id. Phil. 11, 13, 34:

    Petreius ubi videt, Catilinam, contra ac ratus erat, magna vi tendere, etc.,

    Sall. C. 60, 5.—
    (γ).
    With ac and atque:

    si denique aliquid non contra ac liceret factum diceretur, sed contra atque oporteret,

    Cic. Balb. 3, 7.—
    (δ).
    With quam (post-Aug.):

    cui contra quam proposuerat aliqua cesserunt,

    Sen. Ira, 3, 6, 5; Plin. 10, 53, 74, § 149; 11, 21, 24, § 72; Gell. 6 (7), 8, 6:

    contra quam licet,

    id. 1, 3, 19; Sil. 15, 107.—
    2.
    Of moral opposition of acts contrary to rules and principles (cf. II. 3. g infra); so always with quam:

    mater Aviti, generi sui, contra quam fas erat, amore capta,

    contrary to the divine law, Cic. Clu. 5, 12:

    ut senatus, contra quam ipse censuisset, ad vestitum rediret,

    contrary to its own resolution, id. Pis. 8, 18:

    contra quam ista causa postulasset,

    id. Caecin. 24, 67:

    contra quam sanctum legibus est,

    Liv. 30, 19, 9; Cic. Leg. 2, 5, 11; id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 1, § 2; id. Dom. 46, 122:

    contraque faciunt quam polliceri videntur,

    Auct. Her. 4, 3, 6; Cic. de Or. 2, 20, 86.
    II.
    Prep. with acc., before, against, facing, towards, opposite to, contrary to (acc. to many scholars not ante-class.; cf. Hand, Turs. II. p. 108; but found Plaut. Ps. 1, 2, 24 Fleck., a line omitted by Lorenz as a gloss; id. Pers. 1, 1, 13 Ritschl; Att. ap. Non. p. 469, 15, or Trag. Rel. v. 476 Rib.; cf. also Plaut. Poen. 5, 6, 18; Cato, R. R. 18, 1, and v. I. A. 1. a. b, and I. A. 1. b. a supra).
    A.
    Local uses.
    1.
    Opposite, over against, facing.
    a.
    Of countries and places (mostly of those separated by water;

    adversus and e regione mostly of places opposite by land): insulae natura triquetra, cujus unum latus est contra Galliam,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 13; 3, 9; 4, 20:

    ad insulam quae est contra Massiliam,

    id. B. C. 1, 56; 3, 23:

    Rhodios, pacatis contra insulam suam terris, etc.,

    Liv. 37, 15, 7; 3, 26, 8:

    Carthago Italiam contra,

    Verg. A. 1, 13; 5, 124; Ov. M. 14, 17:

    insulae quae contra Tauri promuntorium inopportune navigantibus objacent, Chelidoniae nominantur,

    Mel. 2, 7; Plin. 3, 26, 30, § 151; 6, 28, 32, § 152; 5, 7, 7, § 41; Tac. A. 3, 1; id. H. 2, 17.—
    b.
    Of the heavenly bodies:

    donique (luna) eum (sc. solem) contra pleno bene lumine fulsit,

    Lucr. 5, 708:

    contra Volucris rostrum posita est Lyra,

    Vitr. 9, 4, 5; Sen. Q. N. 1, 5, 9; 1, 8, 3; Plin. 2, 31, 31, § 99; 5, 10, 10, § 56.—So, tertium (latus Britanniae) est contra septem triones, opposite ( facing); hence, contra meridiem and contra ortus (instead of ad or adversus meridiem, etc.), facing the south and east, Plin. 6, 24, 24, § 85; 17, 2, 2, § 22. —So of a person standing in the sunlight:

    cum minima umbra (i. e. a sole) contra medium fiet hominem,

    Plin. 18, 33, 76, § 327; cf.:

    contra mediam faciem meridies erit,

    id. 18, 33, 76, § 326.—
    c.
    Of opposite ends of a line.
    (α).
    Of the diameter of the earth: esse e regione nobis e contraria parte terrae qui adversis vestigiis stent contra nostra vestigia, quos antipodas vocatis, Cic. Ac. 2, 39, 123.—
    (β).
    Of a line drawn:

    contra autem E littera I erit ubi secat circinationem linea,

    opposite the point E will be the letter I, Vitr. 9, 7, 4.—
    d.
    Of buildings, etc.:

    contra hoc aviarium est aliud minus in quo quae mortuae sunt aves curator servare solet,

    Varr. R. R. 3, 5, 5; Vitr. 5, 6, 3; 3, 5, 15:

    (statuam) quae fuerit contra Jovis Statoris aedem in vestibulo Superbi domus,

    Plin. 34, 6, 13, § 29:

    contra medium fere porticum diaeta paulum recedit,

    Plin. Ep. 5, 6, 20; 2, 17, 5; Suet. Aug. 44.—
    e.
    Of places on the human body:

    id quod contra stomachum est,

    Cels. 4, 5 (4, 12 med.); 7, 7;

    4, 20 (13).—Of the direction of the intestines, etc.: ea... contra medium alvum orsa,

    Cels. 4, 1 fin. —
    2.
    Of actions, opposite, towards, against, facing (syn.:

    adversus, ad, e regione,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 61).
    a.
    In gen.:

    quamvis subito... quamque Rem contra speculum ponas, apparet imago,

    Lucr. 4, 156: Democritus... clipeum constituit contra exortum Hyperionis, Laber. ap. Gell. 10, 17, 4:

    et contra magnum potes hos (i.e. oculos) attollere solem, Nec tremis...?

    Prop. 1, 15, 37; Col. 7, 3, 8:

    rex constiterat contra pedites,

    Curt. 10, 9, 13; 9, 5, 1:

    ne contra septentrionem paveris,

    Plin. 18, 33, 76, § 330; 28, 6, 19, § 69:

    contra solem varie refulgens,

    placed in the sun, id. 37, 10, 63, § 173; 10, 54, 75, § 151; 37, 6, 22, § 83;

    37, 7, 25, § 95: cum terrestres volucres contra aquam clangores dabunt,

    id. 18, 35, 87, § 363; 19, 8, 39, § 131.—
    b.
    Dependent on verbs of motion (very rare without the idea of hostility):

    (Dinocrates) incessit contra tribunal regis jus dicentis,

    towards, Vitr. 2, praef. 1.—So trop., of actions done for a purpose:

    lege Cornelia de sicariis tenetur qui, cum in magistratu esset, eorum quid fecerit contra hominis necem quod legibus permissum non sit,

    Dig. 48, 8, 4.—
    c.
    Appositively, with the predicate: (elephanti) tanta narratur clementia contra minus validos, ut, etc., if fronting weaker animals, if brought in contact with them (not to be connected with clementia), Plin. 8, 7, 7, § 23.—Similarly: dum... fidens non est contra feram, if fronting the animal (not dependent on fidens), Plin. 8, 16, 21, § 57.—
    d.
    Against an opposing action, etc.:

    contra vim atque impetum fluminis conversa,

    Caes. B. G. 4, 17, 5:

    cum plateae contra directos ventos erunt conformatae,

    Vitr. 1, 6, 8:

    ut contra ventum gregem pascamus,

    Col. 7, 3, 12; Sen. Q. N. 2, 31, 2; Plin. 29, 3, 12, § 52; 17, 2, 2, § 21; 8, 16, 21, § 54:

    contra fluminum impetus aggeribus,

    id. 35, 14, 48, § 169:

    capite in sole contra pilum peruncto,

    id. 27, 4, 5, § 17; 18, 35, 88, § 364; Varr. ap. Plin. 7, 20, 19, § 83; Sil. 14, 352; Dig. 9, 2, 29, § 4. [p. 455] — Trop.:

    contra fortunam tenendus est cursus,

    Sen. Prov. 5, 9.—Prov.:

    contra stimulum calces,

    kick against the pricks, Isid. Orig. 1, 36, 28 (al. calcitres); cf. Amm. 18, 5, 1.—
    e.
    Of local actions with hostile intent.
    (α).
    Lit.:

    quae vis Coclitem contra omnes hostium copias tenuit?

    Cic. Par. 1, 2, 12:

    Pompeium Cartejae receptum scribis: jam igitur contra hunc exercitum (sc. constitit),

    id. Att. 15, 20, 3:

    pertimescam, credo, ne mihi non liceat contra vos in contione consistere,

    to face you, id. Agr. 1, 8, 25; Lepidus ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 34, 1; Caes. B. C. 1, 26:

    a fronte contra hostem pedum quindecim fossam fieri jussit,

    id. ib. 1, 41; 1, 42; id. B. G. 7, 62:

    Tullus adversus Veientem hostem derigit suos: Albanos contra legionem Fidenatium collocat,

    Liv. 1, 27, 5; 24, 41, 5; 38, 4, 5; Verg. A. 12, 279; Front. Strat. 2, 2, 13; 2, 3, 17.—Appositively, with a local verb understood:

    terribilis haec contra fugientes belua est, fugax contra insequentes,

    i. e. if fronting, if placed opposite, Plin. 8, 25, 38, § 92.—
    (β).
    Trop.:

    castra sunt in Italia contra populum Romanum in Etruriae faucibus collocata,

    Cic. Cat. 1, 2, 5; id. Mil. 1, 2; Quint. 7, 7, 5:

    tum contra hanc Romam illa altera Roma quaeretur,

    will be as a rival against this Rome, Cic. Agr. 2, 22, 86:

    cui rationi contra homines barbaros atque imperitos locus fuisset, hac ne ipsum quidem sperare, etc.,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 40:

    (Cicero) plerumque contra inimicos atque obtrectatores plus vindicat sibi,

    when fronting adversaries, Quint. 11, 1, 23.—
    f.
    In partic.
    (α).
    Stare contra aliquem (opp. stare ab aliquo); usu. implying hostility; mostly trop., to stand against, to be arrayed against, to face, oppose:

    quod contra hoc exemplum nulla staret eorum ratio,

    Auct. Her. 4, 5, 7:

    contra populi studium,

    Cic. Brut. 34, 126:

    contra civium perditorum... dementiam a senatu et a bonorum causa,

    id. ib. 79, 273; so,

    a mendacio contra veritatem,

    id. Inv. 1, 3, 4:

    contra cives in acie,

    id. Att. 16, 11, 2:

    et adversi contra stetit ora juvenci,

    opposite, Verg. A. 5, 477; 5, 414:

    haec enim (ratio) sola... stat contra fortunam,

    Sen. Ep. 14, 4, 2: contra leonem etiam stetit, fronted, i. e. hunted, Spart. Carac. 5 fin. —
    (β).
    Contra aliquem ire:

    aut saevos Libyae contra ire leones,

    Stat. Th. 9, 16.— Trop.:

    uti contra injurias armati eatis,

    Sall. J. 31, 6:

    interritus (sapiens) et contra illa (mala) ibit et inter illa,

    Sen. Ep. 59, 8; cf.: contra venire, II. B. 1. c. b infra, and v. also II. B. 2. b. and II. B. 1. b. infra.—
    3.
    Transf.,
    a.
    To persons placed together for comparison:

    C. vero Caesar, si foro tantum vacasset, non alius ex nostris contra Ciceronem nominaretur,

    Quint. 10, 1, 114:

    CORONATO CONTRA OMNES SCAENICOS,

    Inscr. Grut. p. 331, n. 4.—
    b.
    To things compared, as if weighed against each other as to their value, strength, etc.
    (α).
    Lit. (very rare):

    quamcunque vis rem expende, et contra aquam statue... Si gravior est, leviorem rem... feret, etc.,

    Sen. Q. N. 3, 25, 5.—
    (β).
    Prop.:

    cujus (i. e. generis humani) causa videtur cuncta alia genuisse natura, magna saeva mercede contra tanta sua munera,

    Plin. 7, 1, 1, § 1:

    qui amicus esse coepit quia expedit, placebit ei aliquod pretium contra amicitiam,

    Sen. Ep. 9, 9:

    numquam ulli fortiores cives fuerunt quam qui ausi sunt eum contra tantas opes ejus... condemnare,

    Cic. Fam. 7, 2, 3:

    tantum studium bonorum in me exstitisse, contra incredibilem contentionem clarissimi et potentissimi viri,

    id. ib. 7, 2, 2; Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 9, 3:

    nomen prorogans nostrum et memoriam extendens contra brevitatem aevi,

    as a compensation for, Plin. 2, 63, 63, § 154.—So esp., valere contra, to weigh against, counterbalance, avail or prevail against: non vereor ne meae vitae modestia parum valitura sit contra falsos rumores, Matius ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 28, 8:

    (illa facta) pro periculo potius quam contra salutem valere debere,

    Cic. Part. Or. 35, 120; id. Off. 3, 29, 104:

    contrane lucrum nil valere Pauperis ingenium?

    Hor. Epod. 11, 11; Sen. Ben. 4, 15, 1; id. Cons. Helv. 5, 5; so,

    robur habere contra: si contra unamquamlibet partem fortunae satis tibi roboris est,

    id. ib. 13, 2;

    so of counterchecks: in Creta decem qui cosmoe vocantur, ut contra consulare imperium tribuni plebis, sic illi contra vim regiam constituti,

    Cic. Rep. 2, 33, 58.—Of antidotes: cimicum natura contra serpentium morsus valere dicitur, item contra venena omnia, Plin. 29, 4, 17, § 61.—Hence,
    c.
    Colloq., aliquid contra aurum est, something is worth gold, is superb, both predicatively and attributively (cf.: auro contra, I. A. 2. supra): hujusce pomaria in summa Sacra Via ubi poma veneunt, contra aurum imago, a spectacle for gold, i. e. a magnificent sight, Varr. R. R. 1, 2, 10 MSS. (al. aliter):

    numcubi hic vides citrum... num quod emblema aut lithostratum? quae illic omnia contra aurum,

    superb, id. ib. 3, 2, 4 MSS. (Schneid. omits aurum, ex conj.):

    oneravi vinum, et tunc erat contra aurum,

    Petr. 7, 6.—
    d.
    Transf., of replies, with aiebat, inquit, etc.; both in friendly and inimical sense; esp., contra ea, contra haec, = the adv. contra:

    contra ea Titurius sero facturos clamitabat, etc.,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 29:

    contra ea Verginius unum Ap. Claudium et legum expertem et, etc., aiebat,

    Liv. 3, 57, 1; 24, 45, 4:

    quae contra breviter fata est vates,

    Verg. A. 6, 398:

    contra quod disertus Tu impie fecisti inquit, etc.,

    Quint. 7, 1, 53 (cf.: contra ea, II. E. 1. infra).
    B.
    Denoting hostility or disadvantage.
    1.
    With verbs of hostile action.
    a.
    Of physical exertion:

    pugnavere et tertio consulatu ejus viginti (elephanti) contra pedites quingentos,

    Plin. 8, 7, 7, § 22:

    proelium Afri contra Aegyptios primi fecere fustibus,

    id. 7, 56, 57, § 200; 8, 40, 61, § 142. —
    b.
    Referring to warfare (usu. adversus), bellum gerere (rarely for cum or adversus; but contra patriam, contra aras, etc., not cum patria, etc.; cf.

    bellum, II. A. 1. e.): a quo prohibitos esse vos contra Caesarem gerere bellum (opp. pro),

    Cic. Lig. 8, 25; id. Phil. 5, 10, 27; Liv. Ep. 129.—With bellum suscipere:

    contra Antonium,

    Cic. Phil. 8, 2, 5; so,

    contra patriam,

    id. Sull. 20, 58:

    pugnare contra patriam,

    id. ib. 25, 70:

    contra conjuges et liberos,

    Sen. Ben. 5, 15, 5:

    armatum esse contra populum Romanum,

    Cic. Prov. Cons. 13, 32.—With arma ferre (freq.), Cic. Phil. 2, 29, 72; 13, 21, 47; Liv. 28, 28, 15; Nep. Att. 4, 2; Tib. 1, 6, 30; Ov. M. 4, 609; 13, 269; id. P. 1, 1, 26.—With arma sumere or capere, Cic. Rab. Perd. 6, 19; id. Phil. 4, 1, 2; 4, 3, 7:

    armis contendere contra,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 13:

    arma alicui dare (trop.),

    Cic. Phil. 2, 21, 53:

    aciem instruere (trop.),

    Liv. 25, 4, 4:

    exercitum comparare,

    Cic. Phil. 3, 6, 14; 4, 1, 2:

    exercitum instruere,

    id. Cat. 2, 11, 24:

    exercitum ducere and adducere,

    id. Phil. 4, 2, 5; 3, 4, 11:

    exercitum contra Philippum mittere,

    id. Inv. 1, 12, 17:

    naves ducere contra,

    Hor. Epod. 4, 19:

    ducere contra hostes,

    Liv. 1, 27, 4:

    florem Italiae educere contra,

    Cic. Cat. 2, 11, 24:

    proficisci contra,

    to march against, Liv. 1, 11, 3; 8, 2, 5:

    auxilium ferre Rutulis contra Latinos,

    Plin. 14, 12, 14, § 88:

    juvare aliquem contra,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 35:

    consilium inire contra Sequanos,

    to take hostile measures against, id. B. G. 6, 12.—
    c.
    Of legal contention (more freq. adversus, except with verbs of saying).
    (α).
    In gen., with agere or causam agere, to act as counsel against a party or his attorney:

    cum agerem contra hominem disertissimum nostrae civitatis,

    Cic. Caecin. 33, 97; id. Brut. 63, 226; Sen. Ben. 4, 15, 3; Quint. 11, 1, 59.—Causam recipere or suscipere contra, to accept a retainer against:

    (causam) quam receperam contra pueros Octavios,

    Cic. Att. 13, 49, 1; Quint. 6, 1, 12; Plin. Ep. 4, 17, 1.—Adesse alicui contra, to appear, act as one's counsel against:

    rogavit me Caecilius ut adessem contra Satrium,

    Cic. Att. 1, 1, 3; Plin. Ep. 1, 7, 5 al.; cf.:

    esse contra,

    id. ib. 1, 18, 3.— Trop.: conquesturus venit;

    at contra se adfuit et satisfacienti satisfecit,

    Sen. Fragm. Amic. 14, 1, 89:

    causam defendere contra,

    against the accuser, Cic. de Or. 1, 39, 178:

    statuere contra aliquem (sc. causam),

    to establish a case against an adversary, id. Or. 10, 34:

    actio competit contra,

    Dig. 49, 14, 41:

    querelam instituere contra,

    ib. 5, 2, 21, § 1:

    bonorum possessionem petere contra,

    ib. 5, 2, 23:

    jus obtinere contra,

    Cic. Quint. 9, 34:

    pugnare contra,

    to struggle against the accuser, id. Sull. 17, 49; id. Verr. 1, 11, 33:

    id quod mihi contra illos datum est,

    i. e. a local advantage over, id. Tull. 14, 33:

    judicare contra aliquem,

    id. Fl. 20, 48; Dig. 21, 2, 55; 5, 2, 14; Just. Inst. 4, 17, 2:

    pronuntiare contra,

    Paul. Sent. 5, 34, 2: dare sententiam contra, Dig. 21, 2, 56, § 1:

    decernere contra,

    Cic. Fl. 31, 76:

    appellare contra aliquem,

    Dig. 49, 1, 3; 49, 5, 6; cf.:

    contra sententiam,

    Cod. Just. 7, 62, 32, § 2.—Sentire contra aliquem, to have an opinion unfavorable to:

    cur vos (cum) aliquid contra me sentire dicatis, etc.,

    Cic. Caecin. 27, 79.—
    (β).
    Venire contra aliquem, to appear as counsel for one's adversary:

    quid tu, Saturi, qui contra hunc venis, existimas aliter?

    Cic. Rosc. Com. 6, 18; id. Mur. 4, 9; id. Phil. 8, 6, 18.—Venire contra rem alicujus, to give advice damaging one's interests:

    contra rem suam me venisse questus est,

    Cic. Phil. 2, 2, 3.—
    (γ).
    With dicere and other verbs of saying. (aa) Of a lawyer pleading against a lawyer:

    ipse ille Mucius, quid in illa causa cum contra te diceret, attulit quod? etc.,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 57, 244:

    cum ille contra me pro Sex. Naevio diceret,

    id. Brut. 60, 2, 7; id. de Or. 2, 7, 30; id. Rosc. Am. 15, 45; id. Div. in Caecil. 14, 44; id. Planc. 2, 5; id. Brut. 26, 102; so,

    causam dicere,

    id. Or. 2, 23, 98:

    causam perorare,

    id. Quint. 24, 77.—(bb) Of a lawyer's pleading against the parties: dic mihi, M. Pinari, num si contra te dixero mihi male dicturus es? Servil. ap. Cic. de Or. 2, 65, 261; 3, 34, 138; 1, 14, 60; id. Or. 35, 123; Quint. 11, 1, 57; cf. with ellipsis of acc.:

    quorum alter pro Aufldia, contra dixit alter,

    id. 10, 1, 22.—(ng) Of a party against a lawyer:

    si Gaditani contra me dicerent,

    if the Gaditani were my adversaries, Cic. Balb. 17, 38.—(dd) Of witnesses and experts, and the pleadings against them:

    si decressent legationem quae contra istum diceret,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 4, § 12: contra testes dicere (opp. a testibus or pro testibus). Auct. Her. 2, 6, 9; Cic. de Or. 2, 27, 118 (cf.:

    testimonium in aliquem dicere,

    id. Sull. 17, 48; Quint. 7, 4, 36):

    contra juris consultos dicere,

    against their legal opinions, Cic. Caecin. 24, 69.—So of witnesses in scientific questions:

    contra testes dicendum est,

    Sen. Q. N. 7, 16, 1.—(ee) Dicere or contendere aliquid contra aliquem, to maintain a point against:

    cum interrogamus adversarios... quid contra nos dici possit,

    Auct. Her. 4, 23, 33:

    tamenne vereris ut possis hoc contra Hortensium contendere?

    Cic. Quint. 25, 78. —
    d.
    Of literary adversaries, mostly with verbs of saying and writing:

    cum scriberem contra Epicurios,

    Cic. Att. 13, 38, 1:

    contra Epicurum satis superque dictum est,

    id. N. D. 2, 1, 2:

    contra Brutum,

    id. Tusc. 5, 8, 21:

    contra Academiam,

    id. Ac. 2, 19, 63; id. Fin. 1, 1, 2; 5, 8, 22; id. Tusc. 5, 11, 32; 5, 30, 84; id. Ac. 2, 4, 17:

    contra autem omnia disputatur a nostris,

    id. Off. 2, 2, 8.—
    e.
    Of public and political adversaries (syn. adversus and in).
    (α).
    In gen.:

    sentire contra,

    Cic. Mil. 2, 5:

    pugnare contra bonos,

    id. Sull. 25, 71:

    contra eos summa ope nitebatur nobilitas,

    Sall. C. 38, 2; Cic. Sest. 19, 42; 52, 112:

    (tribuni) qui aut contra consulem, aut pro studio ejus pugnabant,

    Liv. 39, 32, 12.—
    (β).
    Of political speaking:

    cum (Cato) eo ipso anno contra Serv. Galbam ad populum summa contentione dixisset,

    Cic. Brut. 20, 80; so id. Imp. Pomp. 17, 53; Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 9, 1.—
    f.
    Of hostile or criminal acts in gen. (syn.:

    adversus, in): inire consilia contra,

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 38, 110; id. Cat. 1, 7, 18:

    manum comparare contra aliquem,

    id. Sull. 24, 68:

    conjurationem facere,

    id. ib. 4, 12:

    congredi,

    id. Lig. 3, 9; Sall. J. 64, 4:

    aliquid contra imperatorem moliri,

    Just. Inst. 4, 18, 3:

    nec dolor armasset contra sua viscera matrem,

    against her own offspring Ov. R. Am. 59.—Facere contra (more freq. with abstr. objects; cf. II. C. 1. f. b infra): nunc te contra Caesarem facere summae stultitiae est, to take parts against, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 16, 2:

    eae (res) contra nos ambae faciunt,

    operate against us, id. Quint. 1, 1.—With verbs of saying, etc.:

    homo disertus non intellegit, eum quem contra dicit laudari a se?

    Cic. Phil. 2, 8, 18; 2, 1, 2; 2, 21, 51; Sen. Ep. 15, 3, 70:

    epigramma quod contra quamdam Gelliam scripsit,

    Lampr. Alex. Sev. 38:

    disputare contra deos, in two signif.: contra deum licet disputare liberius,

    to accuse, reproach a god, Cic. N. D. 3, 31, 76; but: mala et impia consuetudo est contra deos disputandi, to reason against the gods, i. e. against their existence, id. ib. 2, 67, 168.—
    2.
    Predicatively, with esse (videri, etc.), against, injurious to, unfavorable, prejudicial, to one's disadvantage: ut [p. 456] ex senatusconsulto neque cujus intersit, neque contra quem sit intellegi possit, Cic. Mur. 32, 68; id. de Or. 3, 20, 75; 2, 74, 299; 2, 81, 330; id. Sull. 13, 39; Sen. Ben. 6, 31, 6:

    licentiam malis dare certe contra bonos est,

    injurious to, Quint. 4, 2, 75:

    res contra nos est, of unfavorable chances in a lawsuit,

    id. 4, 66, 1; 4, 2, 75; 5, 13, 32.—Often, contra aliquem = quod est contra aliquem, referring to indef. pronouns or adjectives:

    nihil contra me fecit odio mei = nihil quod esset contra me,

    Cic. Har. Resp. 3, 5; id. Off. 3, 31, 112:

    quibus (temporibus) aliquid contra Caesarem Pompeio suaserim,

    id. Phil. 2, 10, 24.—
    3.
    Added adverb. to the predicate, mostly referring to purpose, with hostile intent, for the purpose of some hostile act, in order to oppose, in opposition:

    Caesarine eam (provinciam) tradituri fuistis, an contra Caesarem retenturi?

    or keep it against Caesar, Cic. Lig. 7, 23:

    sero enim resistimus ei quem per annos decem aluimus contra nos,

    id. Att. 7, 5, 5:

    judicium illud pecunia esse temptatum non pro Cluentio, sed contra Cluentium,

    id. Clu. 4, 9; id. Imp. Pomp. 17, 52; id. Ac. 2, 28, 92:

    cum quae facitis ejusmodi sint ut ea contra vosmet ipsos facere videamini,

    id. Rosc. Am. 36, 104; Sen. Ep. 3, 7, 3: Curio se contra eum totum parat, i. e. to speak against him, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 8, 10; Caes. B. C. 1, 85 ter; Sen. Q. N. 1, 7, 1; Plin. 16, 39, 74, § 192; Plin. Pan. 41.—So with the force of a temporal clause:

    fidem meam quam essent contra Massam Baebium experti,

    in the suit against, Plin. Ep. 3, 4, 4.—
    4.
    Dependent on adjectives (rare):

    contra se ipse misericors,

    to his own injury, Phaedr. 4, 18, 3:

    severissimus judex contra fures,

    Lampr. Alex. Sev. 28.—
    5.
    With nouns.
    a.
    Acc. to 1. b.:

    ut quam maximae contra Hannibalem copiae sint,

    Cic. Inv. 1, 12, 17; cf. Vell. 2, 76, 3.—
    b.
    Acc. to 1. c. and 1. e.; so esp., oratio contra (cf.: oratio in).
    (α).
    Oratio contra (never in), of an address against the counsel of a party or against the prosecutor:

    quid in omni oratione Crassus vel apud centumviros contra Scaevolam, vel contra accusatorem Brutum, cum pro Cn. Plancio diceret?

    Cic. de Or. 2, 54, 220; cf.:

    Cato pro se contra Cassium = in oratione contra,

    Gell. 10, 15, 3; so,

    haec perpetua defensio contra Scaevolam,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 54, 221:

    orationem illam egregiam quam (Aeschines) in Ctesiphontem contra Demosthenem dixerat,

    id. ib. 3, 56, 213.—
    (β).
    Of an address against the party, either in judicial or political affairs:

    unam orationem contra Gracchum reliquit,

    Cic. Brut. 26, 99:

    (Demosthenis) oratio contra Leptinem... contra Aeschinem falsae legationis,

    id. Or. 31, 111; Gell. 10, 24, 10; 10, 18, 91; Cic. Brut. 46, 169; Quint. 12, 10, 61; Cic. de Or. 2, 11, 45; id. Brut. 44, 164; Gell. 13, 25 (24), 15; cf. Quint. 4, 3, 13; 11, 2, 25.—
    c.
    Acc. to 1. f.:

    contra patres concitatio et seditio,

    Cic. Brut. 14, 56.—Of animals:

    contra volpium genus communibus inimicitiis,

    Plin. 10, 76, 96, § 207.
    C.
    With inanimate and abstract objects.
    1.
    Directly dependent on verbs (cf. B. 1.).
    a.
    Of physical or moral exertion:

    cum fulmina contra Tot paribus streperet clipeis,

    Verg. A. 10, 567:

    pugnandum tamquam contra morbum, sic contra senectutem,

    Cic. Sen. 11, 35:

    contra verum niti,

    Sall. J. 35, 8:

    contra fortunam luctari,

    Sen. Ben. 7, 15, 2; id. Brev. Vit. 10, 1; id. Ep. 78, 15; 99, 32; cf. Cic. Off. 1, 31, 110.—
    b.
    Of warfare (lit. and trop.):

    bellum contra aras, focos, vitam fortunasque gerere,

    Cic. Phil. 3, 1, 1:

    bellum gerimus... contra arma verbis,

    id. Fam. 12, 22, 1.—So of logical contradictions:

    artificis autem est invenire in actione adversarii quae semet ipsa pugnent,

    Quint. 5, 13, 30.—
    c.
    Of legal contention.
    (α).
    Of the actions of the counsel or prosecutor: dicere, or perorare, agere contra aliquid, to plead against, contest something:

    contra argumenta, rumores, tabulas, quaestiones (opp. ab argumentis, etc.),

    Auct. Her. 2, 6, 9 sqq.; Cic. de Or. 2, 27, 118:

    contra ratiocinationem,

    id. Inv. 2, 50, 153: contra scriptum dicere, to contest, controvert a written law or a document, id. ib. 2, 47, 138; 2, 48, 143; id. Brut. 39, 145; Quint. 7, 7, 1:

    contra caput dicere,

    to plead against life, Cic. Quint. 13, 44 (cf.:

    servum in caput domini interrogare,

    Paul. Sent. 1, 1, 34; 5, 16, 5 and 8; 5, 46, 3): contra libertatem agere, Dig. 40, 12, 26.—Pregn.:

    contra rerum naturam, contraque consuetudinem hominum dicere (opp. contra nos dicere),

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 15, 45.—
    (β).
    Of judicial decisions contradicting documents, etc.:

    contra tabulas judicare,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 70, 281:

    contra testamentum,

    Dig. 2, 17, § 1:

    contra sententiam dicere,

    ib. 49, 8, 1, § 2.—
    (γ).
    Admittere aliquem contra bona, to admit a petition for bonorum possessio (cf.:

    inmittere in bona),

    Dig. 38, 2, 3, § 6.—
    d.
    Of antagonism in literary and ethical questions.
    (α).
    To contend that something is false:

    dicere, disputare, disserere contra opinionem or sententiam,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 4, 8; 5, 19, 55; id. de Or. 3, 18, 67; id. Fin. 5, 4, 10; id. Ac. 2, 18, 60; Sen. Ira, 1, 3, 3; id. Ep. 87, 5; 102, 5 (cf.:

    in sententiam dicere,

    in support of an opinion, Caes. B. G. 1, 45):

    contra sensus dicere,

    Cic. Ac. 2, 31, 101:

    contra rhetoricen dicere,

    Quint. 2, 17, 40.—
    (β).
    Of criticism, hostility to principles, etc.:

    contra Iliadem et Odysseam scribere,

    Vitr. 7, praef. 8:

    contra quorum disciplinam ingenium ejus exarserat,

    Cic. Tusc. 5, 29, 83.—
    (γ).
    Ethically:

    contra voluptatem dicere,

    that pleasure is a moral evil, Cic. Fin. 5, 8, 21:

    contra mortem loqui,

    that death is no evil, Sen. Ep. 82, 7;

    in both senses: contra vitia, pericula, fortunam, ambitionem,

    id. ib. 100, 10:

    contra fortunam gloriari,

    that fortune has no power over him, Cic. Tusc. 5, 9, 26; Sen. Ep. 26, 5.—
    e.
    Of public and political acts and speeches:

    contra potentiam accusatorum dicere,

    Cic. Brut. 44, 164:

    contra legem dicere or verba facere,

    id. Imp. Pomp. 15, 53; Liv. 34, 8, 1:

    rogationem ferre contra coloniam ( = contra legem de colonia deducenda),

    Cic. Clu. 51, 140; Auct. Her. 1, 17, 21; Plin. 8, 17, 24, § 64.—
    f.
    Of hostility, injury, wrongs, etc.
    (α).
    In gen.:

    senatusconsulto quod contra dignitatem tuam fieret,

    directed against, Cic. Fam. 12, 29, 2:

    contra rem publicam se commovere,

    id. Cat. 1, 26; 1, 3, 7:

    incitari,

    id. Sest. 47, 100:

    consilia inire,

    id. Agr. 2, 3, 8:

    conjurationem facere,

    Sall. C. 30, 6:

    contra salutem urbis incitari,

    Cic. Cat. 3, 8, 20:

    cogitare aliquid contra salutem,

    id. ib. 3, 9, 21: contra voluntatem or studium dicere, to oppose one's will in a speech:

    esse aliquem in civitate qui contra ejus (Chrysogoni) voluntatem dicere auderet,

    id. Rosc. Am. 22, 60; id. Phil. 1, 11, 28; id. de Or. 3, 34, 138; id. Mur. 4, 10; Tac. H. 2, 91:

    ne quid contra aequitatem contendas, ne quid pro injuria,

    do not array yourself against equity, Cic. Off. 2, 20, 71.— Trop.:

    quis non contra Marii arma, contra Suliae proscriptionem irascitur? ( = Mario propter arma, Sullae propter proscriptionem),

    Sen. Ira, 2, 2, 3.—
    (β).
    In partic.: facere contra aliquid (syn. adversus), to commit an offence against, to transgress, etc.:

    si quis ad Antonium profectus esset... senatus existimaturum eum contra rem publicam fecisse,

    Cic. Phil. 8, 11, 33; id. Mil. 5, 13; 6, 14; id. Off. 3, 10, 43; 3, 25, 95; S. C. ap. Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 8, 6; Liv. 25, 4, 7; so,

    contra salutem rei publicae facere,

    Cic. Dom. 38, 102:

    contra majestatem,

    against the emperor, Dig. 48, 4, 5:

    contra leges,

    Cic. Dom. 18, 48; id. Vatin. 7, 18; id. Fin. 2, 17, 55; id. Mur. 32, 67; id. de Or. 3, 19, 70; cf. id. Clu. 34, 92; id. Mur. 32, 68; id. Dom. 14, 38; id. Phil. 10, 6, 13; Gai Inst. 4, 121:

    contra edictum (praetoris),

    Cic. Verr 2, 3, 10, § 25; Dig. 39, 1, 20, § 1:

    contra foedus,

    Cic. Balb. 6, 16:

    contra jusjurandum ac fidem,

    id. Off. 3, 10, 43; id. Lael. 3, 30, 74; id. Verr. 2, 3, 3, § 7; Prop. 3, 30, 44 (2, 32, 44).—And ironically:

    tune contra Caesaris nutum (sc. facies)?

    Cic. Att. 14, 10, 1.—Rarely contra ea facere = contra facere, adverb. (cf. I. B. 8. and II. E. 1. b.):

    corpus in civitatem inferri non licet... et qui contra ea fecerit, extra ordinem punitur,

    Paul. Sent. 1, 21, 2; 1, 21, 12.—
    2.
    Predicatively with esse (usu. impers.), in violation of, in conflict with, contrary to (cf. 3. g).
    (α).
    With esse expressed as the predicate:

    hominem hominis incommodo suum augere commodum magis est contra naturam quam mors,

    Cic. Off. 3, 5, 21; id. Fin. 3, 9, 31; id. N. D. 3, 13, 33; Sen. Ep. 5, 4; Plin. 7, 8, 6, § 45:

    contra leges or legem est,

    Cic. Pis. 13, 30; id. Mur. 32, 67:

    contra officium est,

    id. Off. 3, 10, 43; 1, 10, 32; 1, 6, 19; cf. id. Lael. 11, 39; id. Off. 3, 15, 63; Liv. 6, 40, 5; Sen. Q. N. 2, 37, 2; Gai Inst. 3, 157; Dig. 30, 1, 112, § 3; 16, 3, 1, § 7.—With ellipsis of object (naturam), Cic. Fin. 5, 29, 89; cf.:

    adeo res ista non habet ullam moram quae contra causas ignium sit,

    unfavorable to the formation of fire, Sen. Q. N. 2, 26, 7.—
    (β).
    With verbal predicate, referring to an indef. pron. or adj., with esse understood:

    scis hunc... nihil umquam contra rem tuam cogitasse ( = nihil quod contra rem tuam esset),

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 50, 147; id. Mil. 5, 13:

    aliquid contra animum audiendi,

    something against our liking, Sen. Const. 19, 2.—So mostly with facere:

    si quid Socrates aut Aristippus contra morem consuetudinemque fecerint,

    Cic. Off. 1, 41, 148; id. Att. 3, 23, 2; 2, 22, 2; id. Off. 3, 15, 63; Sall. C. 15, 1; Dig. 8, 2, 11; 8, 2, 17; 35, 1, 79, § 2. —
    (γ).
    Contra officium, substantively, = id quod contra officium est:

    Sic inter recte factum atque peccatum, officium et contra officium, media locabat quaedam,

    Cic. Ac. 1, 10, 37.—
    3.
    Adverbially with the predicate.
    (α).
    In order to oppose, in opposition to, with hostile intent (cf. B. 3.):

    eidem illam proscriptionem capitis mei contra salutem rei publicae rogatam esse dicebant,

    that the proposal of the law was an attack on the republic, Cic. Prov. Cons. 19, 45; id. Rab. Perd. 12, 35; id. Phil. 10, 10, 22:

    imperator contra postulata Bocchi nuntios mittit,

    to reply to the demands, Sall. J. 83, 3; 25, 6; so,

    advocare contra,

    Sen. Cons. Polyb. 12, 4; id. Ep. 15, 2, 52:

    si contra mortem te praeparaveris,

    to meet death, id. ib. 11, 3, 8.—
    (β).
    With the force of a clause of manner, injuriously to, etc.:

    quibus contra valetudinis commodum laborandum est,

    Cic. Mur. 23, 47; Suet. Aug. 78:

    contra hominis salutem,

    with danger to a man's life, Cod. Just. 7, 62, 29.—
    (γ).
    In gen., of conflict with some rule or principle, contrary to, in violation of, without regard to ( = ita ut contra sit; cf. 2. supra; very freq. from the class. period;

    syn. adversus): ceperitne pecunias contra leges P. Decius,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 31, 136; id. Verr. 2, 1, 4, § 10; id. Fl. 34, 86:

    pecuniam contra leges auferre,

    id. Verr. 1, 18, 56; 2, 1, 10, § 27; 2, 5, 18, § 46; id. Har. Resp. 26, 56:

    contra legem,

    id. Rab. Perd. 3, 8; id. Dom. 16, 41:

    contra jus fasque,

    id. Har. Resp. 16, 34; id. Quint. 6, 28:

    contra jus,

    Liv. 5, 4, 14; id. Dom. 13, 55; id. Verr. 2, 5, 13, § 34:

    contra jus gentium,

    Liv. 4, 32, 5; 9, 10, 10; 21, 25, 7; 5, 36, 6;

    6, 1, 6: contra juris rigorem,

    Dig. 40, 5, 24, § 10 et saep.:

    contra testimonium aliquid judicare,

    without regard to, Cic. Brut. 31, 117:

    aliquid contra verecundiam disputare,

    contrary to the rules of decency, id. Off. 1, 35, 128:

    aliquid contra fidem constituere,

    Quint. 5, 13, 34:

    quae majores nostri contra lubidinem animi sui recte atque ordine fecere,

    contrary to the dictates of passion, Sall. C. 51, 4; id. J. 33, 1; cf. of logical opposition, II. E. 2. infra.—
    4.
    Dependent on substt.
    a.
    Of physical strife:

    scit ille imparem sibi luctatum contra nexus (draconis),

    Plin. 8, 12, 12, § 33. —
    b.
    Of warfare:

    imperatorum copia contra tuum furorem,

    Cic. Mur. 39, 83:

    Parthorum gloria contra nomen Romanum,

    Liv. 9, 18, 6: in castris perditorum contra patriam, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 23, 6.—
    c.
    Of legal contention:

    causa contra scriptum,

    Cic. Inv. 2, 46, 135.—
    d.
    Of political speaking:

    divina M. Tullii eloquentia contra leges agrarias,

    Quint. 2, 16, 7; 9, 3, 50; Gell. 18, 7, 7.—
    e.
    Of literary opposition:

    Caesaris vituperatio contra laudationem meam,

    Cic. Att. 12, 40, 1.—
    f.
    Of hostility, etc.:

    cujus factum, inceptum, conatumve contra patriam,

    Cic. Cat. 2, 12, 27:

    ullum factum dictumve nostrum contra utilitatem vestram,

    Liv. 6, 40, 5.—
    g.
    Of injury:

    vitae cupiditas contra rem publicam,

    Cic. Planc. 37, 90: contra serpentes venenum, fatal to serpents, or as a defence against serpents, Plin. 7, 2, 2, § 15.—
    h.
    Of violation, disregard, etc. (cf. 3. g):

    iter contra senatus auctoritatem,

    Cic. Phil. 2, 19, 48:

    contra consuetudinem somnium,

    Plin. 10, 77, 98, § 211:

    bonorum possessio contra tabulas,

    Dig. 37, 4, 3, § 13; Gai Inst. 3, 41.—
    5.
    Dependent on adjectives (very rare; cf.

    II. D. 2. c. infra): contraque patris impii regnum impotens, avum resolvam,

    Sen. Herc. Fur. 966.
    D.
    Of defence, protection, and resistance (syn.: adversus, ab).
    1.
    Against persons.
    a.
    Dependent on verbs:

    cum populus Romanus suam auctoritatem vel contra omnes qui dissentiunt possit defendere,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 22, 63: si ego consul rem publicam [p. 457] contra te et gregales tuos defendissem, id. Sest. 52, 111; 22, 49; 8, 20; id. Fam. 11, 27, 7; id. Phil. 2, 18, 45:

    contra quem multum omnes boni providerunt,

    provided a great defence, id. Mur. 38, 81: formula qua utitur patronus contra libertum qui eum in jus vocat, as a defence against, Gai Inst. 4, 46. —And of protection of plants against injurious animals:

    contra haec animalia proderit, si, etc.,

    Pall. 10, 3, 2.—
    b.
    Dependent on adjectives, mostly participial:

    paratus contra,

    Cic. Mil. 21, 56:

    nihil satis firmum contra Metellum,

    Sall. J. 80, 1:

    contra potentes nemo est munitus satis,

    Phaedr. 2, 6, 1.—
    2.
    Against inanimate and abstract things.
    a.
    Dependent on verbs:

    contra avium morsus munitur vallo aristarum,

    Cic. Sen. 15, 51:

    propugnaculum, quo contra omnes meos impetus usurum se putat,

    id. Verr. 2, 3, 16, § 40; 2, 5, 39, § 102:

    publicam causam contra vim armatam suscipere,

    id. Dom. 34, 91; id. Quint. 30, 94; id. Leg. 3, 3, 9:

    contra tantas difficultates providere,

    Sall. J. 90, 1; 76, 4; so,

    contra ea,

    id. ib. 57, 5:

    patricii vi contra vim resistunt,

    Liv. 3, 13, 4; Plin. 14, 2, 4, § 28; Tac. Agr. 45; Sen. Prov. 4, 12; id. Const. 5, 4.—
    b.
    Dependent on substt.:

    suffragia contra oppugnationem vestrae majestatis,

    Cic. Rab. Perd. 12, 35:

    defensio contra vim,

    id. Mil. 5, 14:

    patronus justitiae fuit contra orationem Phili,

    id. Lael. 7, 25; Plin. 29, 2, 9, § 30; 14, 3, 4, § 40:

    contra labores patientia,

    id. 23, 1, 22, § 37.—
    c.
    Dependent on adjectives (in Cic. freq. with P. a. predicatively used; otherwise very rare;

    in later prose freq.): nec est quidquam Cilicia contra Syriam munitius,

    against an attack from the side of Syria, Cic. Fam. 14, 4, 4:

    ut nullius res tuta, nullius domus clausa, nullius vita saepta, nullius pudicitia munita contra tuam cupiditatem posset esse,

    id. Verr. 2, 5, 15, § 39; id. Fin. 1, 16, 51; id. Mil. 25, 67; id. Tusc. 5, 8, 19; 5, 27, 76:

    vir contra audaciam firmissimus,

    id. Rosc. Am. 30, 85; Sall. J. 33, 2; 28, 5:

    fortis contra dolorem,

    Sen. Ep. 98, 18; Quint. 12, 1, 10:

    callosus,

    Plin. 11, 37, 54, § 147; 14, 2, 4, § 23:

    far contra hiemes firmissimum,

    id. 18, 8, 19, § 83:

    equus tenax contra vincula,

    Ov. Am. 3, 4, 13:

    contraque minantia fata pervigil,

    Claud. I. Cons. Stil. 1, 284.—
    3.
    Of remedies against sickness and its causes, poison, etc.; so only in Plin.; in Pall. only of preventives and of protection against hurtful animals, and against mental perturbations in gen.; cf. infra (syn. ad in Cat., Cic., Cels., Col.; adversus only in Celsus, who also has in with abl.).
    (α).
    Dependent on verbs:

    cujus et vinum et uva contra serpentium ictus medetur,

    Plin. 14, 18, 22, § 117; 7, 2, 2, § 13:

    prodest et contra suspiria et tussim,

    id. 20, 13, 50, § 128:

    valet potum contra venena,

    id. 28, 7, 21, § 74; 29, 4, 22, § 71; 29, 4, 26, § 81; 28, 8, 27, § 98; 16, 37, 71, § 180; 35, 6, 14, § 34; 28, 6, 18, §§ 65-67.—
    (β).
    Dependent on substt.:

    remedium contra morsus,

    Plin. 8, 32, 50, § 118; 10, 59, 79, § 163:

    contra venena esse omnia remedio,

    id. 16, 44, 95, § 251; 17, 24, 37, § 240; 7, 1, 1, § 4.—
    (γ).
    Dependent on adjectives:

    vinum quod salutare contra pestilentiam sit,

    Pall. 11, 14, 17.—
    (δ).
    Appositively, as a remedy:

    cujus lacteum succum miris laudibus celebrat... contra serpentes et venena,

    Plin. 5, 1, 1, § 16; 29, 4, 26, § 83. —So of remedies against affections:

    Tiberium tonante caelo coronari ea (lauro) solitum ferunt contra fulminum metus,

    Plin. 15, 30, 40, § 135; cf. Sen. Ira, 2, 21, 1; id. Tranq. 5. 1.
    E.
    Of logical opposition.
    1.
    With a neuter demonstrative (contra ea, contra haec, contra quae, quod contra = contra, adv.).
    a.
    The contrary, the reverse (very rare; cf.

    I. D. 1.): sed mihi contra ea videtur,

    but to me the contrary seems true, Sall. J. 85, 1:

    omnia quae contra haec sunt, omnia quae contra sunt,

    and vice versa, Quint. 5, 10, 90. —
    b.
    Contra ea, on the contrary, in logical antithesis (not in Cic. and Sall.; once in Caes. and Quint.; several times in Liv. and Nep.; cf.: contra ea, in other uses, II. A. 2. e. a, II. D. 2. a., II. A. 3. d., II. C. 1. f.):

    omnes arderent cupiditate pugnandi... contra ea Caesar... spatiumque interponendum... putabat ( = at contra),

    but Caesar on the contrary, Caes. B. C. 3, 74: superbe ab Samnitibus... legati prohibiti commercio sunt;

    contra ea benigne ab Siculorum tyrannis adjuti,

    Liv. 4, 52, 6; 2, 60, 1; 21, 20, 6;

    44, 43, 5: pater... Thracem me genuit, contra ea mater Atheniensem,

    Nep. Iphicr. 3, 4; id. praef. 6; id. Alcib. 8, 1.—And after a question, with immo (cf. I. E. 5. b.):

    an infirmissimi omnium... (sumus)? Immo contra ea vel viribus nostris, vel, etc., tuti (sumus),

    Liv. 41, 24, 8.—
    c.
    Quod contra, by anastrophe (v. F. 1.), contrary to which, whereas, while on the contrary (only once in Lucr. and three times in Cic.):

    illud in his rebus vereor ne forte rearis, Inpia te rationis inire elementa viamque indugredi sceleris: quod contra saepius illa Religio peperit scelerosa atque impia facta,

    whereas on the contrary, Lucr. 1, 81:

    cujus a me corpus crematum est, quod contra decuit ab illo meum (sc. cremari),

    Cic. Sen. 23, 84:

    quod contra oportebat delicto dolere, correctione gaudere,

    id. Lael. 24, 90 (B. and K. place a comma after oportebat; cf.

    Nauck ad loc.): reliquum est ut eum nemo judicio defenderit: quod contra copiosissime defensum esse contendi,

    id. Quint. 28, 87 (many consider contra in all these passages as an adverb; cf. Hand, Turs. II. p. 121 sq.; some explain quod as an ancient ablative, = qua re;

    v. Ritschl,

    Plaut. Exc. p. 57, Munro ad Lucr. 1, 82).—
    2.
    With an abstract noun, with the force of the adverb contra with ac or atque (I. F. 1.), contrary to, contrary to what, etc. (esp. in Sall., not in Cic.; cf. praeter): celeriter contraque omnium opinionem confecto itinere, contrary to the opinion ( = contra ac rati erant), Caes. B. G. 6, 30:

    contra opinionem Jugurthae ad Thalam perveniunt,

    Sall. J. 75, 9; Hirt. B. G. 8, 40.—Contra spem either contrary to the opinion, or against the hope:

    Metellus contra spem suam laetissume excipitur ( = contra ac ratus, veritus est),

    Sall. J. 88, 1; so,

    cetera contra spem salva invenit,

    Liv. 9, 23, 17:

    contra spem omnium L. Furium optavit,

    id. 6, 25, 5; Curt. 8, 4, 45;

    but: at Jugurtha contra spem nuntio accepto ( = contra ac speraverat),

    Sall. J. 28, 1; Liv. 24, 45, 3:

    postquam... Jugurtha contra timorem animi praemia sceleris adeptum sese videt,

    Sall. J. 20, 1:

    ipse in Numidiam procedit, ubi contra belli faciem tuguria plena hominumque... erant ( = contra ac in bello evenire solet),

    id. ib. 46, 5:

    contra famam,

    Plin. 13, 22, 43, § 126; 7, 53, 54, § 180:

    segniterque et contra industriam absconditae formicae,

    slowly, and in a manner different from their usual activity, id. 18, 35, 88, § 364.—Of persons:

    frigidam potionem esse debere, contra priores auctores, Asclepiades confirmavit,

    contrary to the opinion of the former physicians, Cels. 4, 26 (19).
    F.
    Sometimes by anastrophe after its noun.
    1.
    In prose, after relatives, esp. in Cic.:

    quos contra disputant,

    Cic. Ac. 2, 15, 47:

    quem contra dicit,

    id. Phil. 2, 8, 18 (v. II. B. 1. f.):

    quem contra veneris,

    id. Mur. 4, 9:

    quas contra, praeter te, etc.,

    id. Vatin. 7, 18:

    eos ipsos quos contra statuas,

    id. Or. 10, 34:

    quos contra me senatus armavit,

    id. Att. 10, 8, 8:

    quam contra multa locutus est,

    Sen. Ep. 82, 7, Plin. Ep. 1, 23, 3; Claud. in Rufin. 1, 332; v. also E. 1. c. supra.—
    2.
    After other words ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

    hunc igitur contra mittam contendere causam,

    Lucr. 4, 471:

    dicere eos contra,

    id. 4, 484:

    donique eum contra,

    id. 5, 708:

    agmina contra,

    Verg. A. 12, 279:

    magnum Alciden contra,

    id. ib. 5, 414:

    Paridem contra,

    id. ib. 5, 370:

    Italiam contra,

    id. ib. 1, 13:

    deos contra,

    Ov. P. 1, 1, 26:

    Messania moenia contra,

    id. M. 14, 17:

    litora Calabriae contra,

    Tac. A. 3, 1.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > contra dicta

  • 22 serpo

    serpo, psi, ptum, 3 (serpsit antiqui pro serpserit usi sunt, Fest. p. 348 Müll.), v. n. [root serp, kindr. with herpô, repo], to creep, crawl (freq. and class.).
    I.
    Lit. (only of animals; while repo is also used of persons who creep or go slowly;

    v. repo, I.): serpere anguiculos, nare anaticulas, evolare merulas, etc.,

    Cic. Fin. 5, 15, 42:

    alia animalia gradiendo, alia serpendo ad pastum accedunt,

    id. N. D. 2, 47, 122:

    serpentes quasdam (bestias), quasdam esse gradientes,

    id. Tusc. 5, 13, 38:

    (anguis) per humum,

    Ov. M. 15, 689:

    vipera imā humo,

    id. P. 3, 3, 102:

    draco In platanum,

    id. M. 12, 13:

    serpentia secla ferarum,

    i. e. the serpents, Lucr. 6, 766.—In late Lat. pass.:

    cum terra nullo serpatur angue,

    was crawled over, Sol. 22, 10.—
    B.
    Transf., of things, to move slowly or imperceptibly, to creep along, proceed gradually, etc. (mostly poet.):

    has (stellas) inter, torvus Draco serpit, Cic. poët. N. D. 2, 42, 106: sol serpens,

    Lucr. 5, 690.—

    Of streams: an te, Cydne, canam, qui leniter... placidis per vada serpis aquis,

    creepest, windest along, Tib. 1, 7, 14:

    in freta vicina Numicius,

    Ov. M. 14, 598: Ister tectis [p. 1681] in mare serpit aquis, id. Tr. 3, 10, 30:

    in sicco serpentem pulvere rivum,

    Luc. 9, 974:

    lacrimae serpunt per vulnera,

    Stat. Th. 11, 608:

    exsistit sacer ignis et urit corpore serpens,

    slowly spreading, Lucr. 6, 660; so,

    flamma per continua,

    Liv. 30, 6:

    aestus aetheris,

    Lucr. 5, 523; 6, 1120 (with repere):

    fallacem patriae serpere dixit equum (Trojanum),

    was creeping along, Prop. 3, 13 (4, 12), 64.—Of plants:

    vitis serpens multiplici lapsu et erratico,

    Cic. Sen. 15, 52; cf.:

    lithospermos (herba) jacet atque serpit humi,

    Plin. 27, 11, 74, § 99; so,

    chamaeleon,

    id. 22, 18, 21, § 45; cf.:

    liber per colla,

    Ov. M. 9, 389:

    caules per terram,

    Plin. 21, 16, 59, § 99:

    rami in terram,

    id. 27, 9, 58, § 82:

    radices inter se,

    id. 17, 20, 33, § 144:

    sine tempora circum Inter victrices hederam tibi serpere lauros,

    Verg. E. 8, 13; Laber. ap Macr. S. 2, 7; Col. 10, 119.—Of the growth of the hair:

    per tua lanugo cum serpere coeperit ora,

    Claud. IV. Cons. Hon. 641.—Of fire:

    dein per continua serpens (flamma) omnia incendio hausit,

    Liv. 30, 6:

    sive ipsi (ignes) serpere possunt quo cibus vocat,

    Lucr. 5, 523; cf. id. 6, 660.—Of disease, etc.:

    si ulcus latius atque altius serpit,

    gradually spreads, Cels. 6, 18, 2 med.:

    dira contagia per vulgus,

    Verg. G. 3, 469:

    cancer,

    Ov. M. 2, 826:

    carcinoma,

    Plin. 29, 2, 10, § 37:

    atra lues in vultus,

    Mart. 1, 79, 2 al.:

    per membra senectus,

    Lucr. 1, 415:

    quies,

    Verg. A. 2, 269:

    somnus,

    Plin. 7, 24, 24, § 90.—
    II.
    Trop., to creep, crawl; to extend gradually or imperceptibly; to spread abroad, increase, prevail (a favorite trope of Cic.):

    neque enim serpit, sed volat in optimum statum res publica,

    Cic. Rep. 2, 18, 33:

    serpere occulte coepisti nihil dum aliis suspicantibus,

    id. de Or. 2, 50, 203:

    (hoc malum) obscure serpens multas jam provincias occupavit,

    id. Cat. 4, 3, 6:

    malum longius,

    id. Rab. Post. 6, 15; id. Phil. 1, 2, 5; id. Att. 1, 13, 3; id. de Or. 3, 24, 94:

    serpit deinde res,

    id. Lael. 12, 41; cf.:

    ne latius serperet res,

    Liv. 28, 15 fin.; so,

    latius,

    id. 40, 19 fin.; cf. Plin. Ep. 5, 4, 3:

    serpit nescio quo modo per omnium vitas amicitia,

    Cic. Lael. 23, 87:

    si semel suscipimus genus hoc argumenti, attende quo serpat,

    id. N. D. 1, 35, 98; 3, 20, 52:

    quam facile serpat injuria et peccandi consuetudo,

    id. Verr. 2, 2, 22, § 53; cf. id. Div. in Caecil. 21, 68:

    serpit hic rumor,

    id. Mur. 21, 45:

    fama per coloniam,

    Plin. Ep. 9, 33, 5:

    per agmina murmur,

    Verg. A. 12, 239:

    murmura plebis,

    Stat. Th. 1, 168:

    cura altius,

    Plin. 14, 11, 13, § 87:

    serpente latius bello,

    Flor. 2, 2, 15; 2, 9, 4.—Of a low, grovelling poetic style:

    (poëta) Serpit humi tutus,

    crawls along the earth, Hor. A. P. 28 (cf.:

    sermones Repentes per humum,

    id. Ep. 2, 1, 251).—Hence, serpens, entis ( gen. plur. serpentium, Vitr. 8, 4; 9, 6; Nep. Hann. 11, 5; Hor. Epod. 1, 20; Cels. 5, 27, 3; but also, mostly poet. and later, serpentum, Verg. A. 8, 436; 12, 848; Ov. M. 7, 534; Luc. 9, 608 al.), f. (sc. bestia); less freq. and mostly poet. and eccl. Lat., m. (sc. draco), a creeping thing, a creeper, crawler (cf. reptilis).
    A.
    Kat exochên, i. e. a snake, serpent (syn.: anguis, coluber); fem.:

    quaedam serpentes ortae extra aquam, etc.,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 48, 124; Lucr. 4, 60; 4, 638; Ov. M. 1, 447; 1, 454; 2, 652; id. Am. 2, 13, 13; Hor. C. 1, 37, 27; Luc. 9, 397; Nep. Hann. 10, 4 al.— Masc., Lucr. 5, 33; Verg. A. 2, 214; 5, 273; 11, 753; Ov. M. 3, 38; 3, 325; 4, 570; Hor. S. 1, 3, 27; Luc. 9, 324; cf. Sall. J. 89, 5, and Quint. 2, 4, 19:

    igniti,

    Vulg. Num. 21, 6.—

    In apposition with draco,

    Suet. Tib. 72.— Also neutr. plur. serpentia, Vulg. Act. 10, 12. —
    2.
    Transf., the Serpent, as a constellation.
    a.
    Between the Great and the Little Bear, = anguis and draco, Ov. M. 2, 173; Hyg. Astr. 3, 1.—
    b.
    In the hand of Ophiuchus (Anguitenens, Anguifer), = anguis, Vitr. 9, 6; Hyg. Astr. 2, 14; 3, 13; cf. Plin. 2, 25, 23, § 93.—
    B.
    A creeping insect on the human body, a louse, Plin. 7, 51, 52, § 172; App. Flor. p. 354, 4.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > serpo

  • 23 snake

    sneɪk сущ.
    1) змея apoisonous, venomous snake ≈ ядовитая змея snakes bite, strike snake ≈ змеи кусают snakes coil ≈ змеи извиваются, свертываются кольцом snakes crawl ≈ змеи ползают snakes hibernate ≈ змеи пребывают в зимней спячке snakes hiss ≈ змеи шипят snakes molt, shed skin ≈ змеи линяют, сбрасывают кожу Syn: serpent
    2) предатель, вероломный человек ∙ to raise/wake snakes ≈ поднять скандал, затеять ссору to see snakes разг. ≈ допиться до чертиков (зоология) змея (Serpentes gen.) - constricting *s удавы (Boinae) - chicken * лазающий полоз( Elaphe) - grass * обыкновенный уж (Natrix natrix) подлец, гадина, змея ( редкое) тварь, ничтожество( финансовое) "валютная змея" (совместные колебания курса валют нескольких стран в установленных рамках) > a * in the grass змея подколодная, тайный враг, скрытая опасность > a * in smb.'s bosom змея, пригретая на груди, неблагодарный человек > to raise (to wake) *s поднять скандал, затеять шумную ссору > to see * напиться до чертиков( до зеленого змия) > great *s! вот те на!, вот так так!, не может быть! > mad as a cut * (австралийское) вне себя от ярости ползти, извиваться, пробираться ползком вытягивать( шею) змеиться, виться, извиваться ( о дороге и т. п.) пробираться осторожно - to * one's way through a crowd пробираться сквозь толпу (американизм) (разговорное) тащить, волочить( американизм) (сленг) улизнуть, смыться( американизм) (сленг) вовлечь в беду - to get *d попасть в неприятность, оказаться в трудном положении to raise (или to wake) ~s поднять скандал, затеять ссору;
    to see snakes разг. = допиться до чертиков to raise (или to wake) ~s поднять скандал, затеять ссору;
    to see snakes разг. = допиться до чертиков snake змея ~ предатель, вероломный человек;
    snake in the grass скрытая опасность;
    скрытый враг ~ соглашение "валютная змея" ~ соглашение западноевропейских стран об ограничении взаимных курсовых колебаний при свободном плавании относительно доллара США( 1972-1979 гг.) ~ предатель, вероломный человек;
    snake in the grass скрытая опасность;
    скрытый враг

    Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > snake

  • 24 Schlange

    f =, -n
    1) змея (тж. перен.)
    eine junge Schlange — змеёныш (тж. перен.)
    sich winden ( sich krümmen) wie eine Schlange — перен. изворачиваться, извиваться как змея
    2) pl зоол. змеи ( Serpentes)
    Schlange stehen — стоять в очереди
    ••
    eine Schlange am Busen nähren ≈ пригреть ( отогреть) змею на (своей) груди

    БНРС > Schlange

  • 25 indipiscor

    ind-ipīscor, deptus sum, dipīscī depon. [ indu = in + apiscor ]
    1) догонять, настигать, захватывать ( navem L); обвивать (lubrico volumine indepti, sc. serpentes Ap)
    2) достигать, добиваться, обретать ( mercedes Pl)
    5) завязывать, начинать ( pugnam AG)

    Латинско-русский словарь > indipiscor

  • 26 perdomo

    per-domo, domuī, domitum, āre
    1) совершенно приручать ( tauros feroces O); укрощать ( serpentes O); усмирять, подчинять, покорять, порабощать (Latium L; Judaeam Su)
    3) возделывать, обрабатывать ( solum PJ)

    Латинско-русский словарь > perdomo

  • 27 peto

    īvī (iī), ītum, ere [одного корня с praepes, impetus]
    1)
    а) стараться, стремиться, добиваться, искать, домогаться (victoriam ex aliquo L; consulatum C; virginem L)
    certa amittimus, dum incerta petimus погов. Pl — гонясь за сомнительным, мы упускаем верное
    decus ferro petendum Lcn — слава, которую приходится добывать мечом (с бою)
    б) собирать, добывать ( cochleas Sl)
    2) просить, требовать (aliquid ab aliquo C, Sl etc.; multa petentibus desunt multa H)
    p. poenas ab aliquo C — взыскать с (наказать) кого-л.
    p. aliquem ad supplicium G1 — требовать чьей-л. казни
    3) юр. иметь или предъявлять претензию (p. hercditatis possessionem C)
    is unde ( или a quo) petĭtur C etc. — ответчик
    4) доставать, получать, брать (lignum pabulum, commeātum Cs); черпать ( doloris oblivionem a litteris C)
    p. aliquid a Graecis C — заимствовать что-л. у греков
    p. initium C — начинать, приступать
    p. iter (viam) L — избрать путь
    поэт. p. spiritum H — дышать
    suspirium alte p. Pl или p. spiritūs (gemĭtūs) alto de corde O — тяжело вздыхать (стонать)
    6) бросаться, устремляться, нападать
    p. aliquem aliquā re L, H, O etc. — стараться ударить кого-л., запустить в кого-л. чем-л. (p. caput alicujus C, O; p. aliquem armīs VP)
    p. aliquem bello V — идти войной на кого-л. (начать с кем-л. войну)
    lege aliquis petĭtur C — закон направлен против кого-л.
    se peti putabant L — они думали, что враждебные действия направлены против них
    p. aliquem fraude V, L — стараться обмануть кого-л.
    8) направляться, отправляться (castra Nep; Dyrrhachium C; Lacedaemona classe O)
    p. aliquem Lcn — следовать за кем-л.
    9) лететь, взлетать ( caelum pennis O); изливаться, хлынуть ( campum petit amnis V); возвышаться, вздыматься, устремляться (mons petit astra O; flamma petit altum O или supera C)
    10) подходить, приближаться (aliquem Pl, C etc.)
    aliquem p. dextrā V — протягивать кому-л. правую руку
    aliquem amplexu p. O — обнимать кого-л

    Латинско-русский словарь > peto

  • 28 repugnantia

    I ae f. [ repugno ]
    1) сопротивление, средство самозащиты ( contra serpentes PM)
    2) противоречие, несогласие, несовместимость ( rerum C)
    II repugnantia, ium n.

    Латинско-русский словарь > repugnantia

  • 29 retentor

    ōris m. [ retineo ]
    удерживающий, (крепко) обхватывающий (sc. serpentes Ap)

    Латинско-русский словарь > retentor

  • 30 tenax

    tenāx, ācis adj. [ teneo ]
    1)
    а) крепко держащий ( dens ancorae V): крепкий ( vincla V); цепляющийся, цепкий (hedĕra O; tenacissimi serpentes Ap); клейкий, липкий, вязкий ( cera V)
    fama ficti pravique t. V — молва, жадно подхватывающая вымысел и неправду
    б) труднопроходимый, сыпучий ( sabulum QC); плотный, густой ( gramen H)
    2)
    а) крепко держащийся, остойчивый ( trirēmis pondĕre tenacior L)
    б) прочно удерживающий ( memoria Q); прочный, длительный, твёрдый ( fides O)
    t. alicujus rei O Sen etc. — постоянный, неизменный в чём-л.
    3) скупой, скаредный (parcus ac t. C)
    quaesīti t. O — крепко держащийся за приобретённое, не склонный расстаться с нажитым
    4) упорный, упрямый ( fata O); строптивый, норовистый ( equus L); неподатливый, упорный, хронический ( morbus Su)

    Латинско-русский словарь > tenax

  • 31 alo

    alo, aluī, altum od. alitum, ere (got. alan, aufwachsen, altisländ. ala, nähren, hervorbringen; vgl. noch ahd. alt, alt, eigentl. großgewachsen u. griech. ολτος, unersättlich), großnähren, aufnähren, im weitern Sinne übh. nähren, ernähren, I) eig.: 1) v. leb. Subjj.: a) großnähren, aufnähren (oft verb. mit educare, großziehen, erziehen), alui, educavi, Acc. fr.: alqm nefrendem, Liv. Andr. fr.: illam parvulam (v. der Amme), Ter.: puerum, Ter.: genitos liberos tollere alereque, Curt.: Athenis natus altusque educatusque Atticis, Plaut.: is natus et omnem pueritiam Arpini altus, Sall.: altus educatusque inter arma, Liv.: altus alieno sumptu, Varr. fr.: alqm alci furtim alendum mandare, Curt.: alqm alci committere alendum clam, Ov.: u. (poet.) virgo regia, quam lectulus in molli complexu matris alebat, Catull. 64, 88: u. (bildl.) intra parietes aluit eam gloriam, quam etc., Cic. Brut. 32: urbs, in qua et nata et alta sit eloquentia, Cic. Brut. 39. – m. Ang. wem? durch Dat., si cui praeterea validus male filius in re praeclara sublatus aletur, Hor. sat. 2, 5, 45 sq. – m. Ang. wozu? durch in od. ad m. Akk., fortunae, in quam alebatur, capax, Vell. 2, 93, 1: orientis enim illud iuventae decus deorum atque hominum indulgentiā ad excidium eius (Carthaginis) alebatur, Val. Max. 2, 10, 4.

    b) ernähren, nähren, füttern (säugen) speisen u. übh. halten, illam mulierem cum familia, Ter.: viginti domi cibicidas, Lucil. fr.: ducentos servos, Hor.: aliquid monstri, Ter.: parentes, Mela u. Quint.: se et suos, Caes.: elephantos, Cic.: pavonum greges pascere atque alere, Varr. fr.: al. equos aut canes ad venandum, Ter.: anseres in Capitolio, Cic.: exercitum, maiores copias, Cic.: exercitus contra alqm iam multos annos, Caes.: exercitus in Asia Ciliciaque ob nimias opes Mithridatis, Sall. – m. Ang. wie? durch Advv., alqm publice, Nep.: dapsiliter amicos, Naev. com. fr.: indecorabiliter alienos, Att. fr. – m. Angabe wo? ali ad villam, Cic. Rosc. Am. § 44. – m. Ang. wodurch? od. womit? durch Abl., magnum numerum equitatus suo sumptu, Caes.: agri reditu suos, Plin. ep.: puerum tepidi ope lactis, Ov.: infantem suo lacte (v.d. Mutter), Gell. 12, 1, 6: alterā papillā muliebris sexus liberos, Curt.: binos ubere fetus, Verg.: ali humanis manibus (v. wilden Tieren), Liv.: al. Metelli exercitum stipendio frumentoque, Sall.: equos foliis ex arboribus strictis, Caes.: agrestes peregrino frumento, Liv.: u. (bildl.) oratorem quodam uberi iuncundoque suco, Quint.: u. so se alere alqā re od. ex alqā re u. ali alqā re od. (selten) per alqd, sich durch od. von etw. nähren, se suosque latrociniis, Caes.: se ex usura eius (legatae rei), ICt.: ali turbā atque seditionibus sine cura, Sall.: ali venando, Mela: ali lacte, Cic.: ali panico corrupto, Caes.: ali pecore, serpentibus, Mela: ali viperinis carnibus, Plin.: ali nectareis aquis, Ov.: ali per dedecus Neronis, Tac. hist. 1, 4.

    2) v. lebl. Subjj.: a) v. Grundstücken, v. Zufuhr, v. der Jagd od. v.a. Geschäften, jmd. nähren, jmdm. Unterhalt gewähren, Lebensmittel zuführen, cum agellus eum non satis aleret, Cic. de nat. deor. 1, 72: idem hic agellus illos alet, Nep. Phoc. 1, 4: ne deserto agro non esset, unde uxor ac liberi sui alerentur, Val. Max. 4, 4, 6: sterilis diu palus aptaque remis vicinas urbes alit, Hor. de art. poet 65 sq.: quam (plebis turbam) nec capere tam exiguus collis nec alere in tanta inopia frumenti poterat, Liv. 5, 40, 5: nec vi capi videbat posse urbem, ut quam prope liberi ab Carthagine commeatus alerent, Liv. 25, 23, 3: quod et in Italia et in Africa duos diversos exercitus alere aerarium non potest, Liv. 28, 41, 11: venatus viros pariter ac feminas alit, Tac. Germ. 46: quos manus atque lingua periurio aut sanguine civili alebat, Sall. Cat. 14, 3.

    b) v. der Luft, v. Himmelskörpern usw., lebende Wesen u. Lebl. nähren, ihnen Nahrung zuführen, sie beleben, Lucr. 1, 191 u. 804 - 816. Cic. de nat. deor. 2, 50 u. 101 u. 118. Cic. Tusc. 1, 43: luna alit ostrea et implet echinos, Lucil.: sat. fr. inc. 46: lucentem globum lunae Titaniaque astra spiritus intus alit, Verg. Aen. 6, 725 sq. itaque se ipse (mundus) consumptione et senio alebat sui, Cic. Tim. 18. c) v. der Erde, v. Ländern u. Gewässern, in denen leb. Wesen u. Pflanzen vorkommen u. fortkommen, nähren, ernähren, tellus umida maiores herbas alit, Verg.: quicquid ex satis frigoris impatiens est, aegre alit terra, Mela: terra altius fossa generandis alendisque seminibus fecundior fit, Quint.: interiora alendis frugibus mitia, Curt.: eadem terra rhinocerotas alit, non generat, Curt.: India alit formicas, Mela: mare Caspium ingentis magnitudinis serpentes alit, Curt.: squalida siccitate regio non hominem, non frugem alit, Curt.: Borysthenes alit laetissima pabula magnosque pisces, Mela: ductoresque alii, quos Africa terra triumphis dives alit, Verg.: tunc rhombos minus aequora alebant? Hor.

    d) v.a. lebl. Subjj., die Pflanzen, Gewässer, Feuer nähren, speisen, α) Pflanzen: gramen erat circa, quod proximus umor alebat, Ov.: pax aluit vites et sucos condidit uvae, Tibull.: multi fontes dulcibus aquis passim manantibus alunt silvas, Curt.: alibi multa arbor et vitis largos mitesque fructus alit, Curt.: quin etiam nebulā alitur (spionia), Plin.: u. im Bilde, pleramque eorum partem vitiorum omnium seminarium effusius aluisse, Amm. 22, 4, 2. – β) Gewässer nähren, speisen, anwachsen lassen, monte decurrens velut amnis, imbres quem super notas aluere ripas, Hor. carm. 4, 2, 5: idem (Libanus mons) amnem Iordanen alit funditque, Tac. hist. 5, 6: Padus aliis amnibus adeo augescit atque alitur, ut etc., Mel. 2, 4, 4 (2. § 62). – γ) Feuer nähren, ihm Nahrung geben, ignem, Curt.: flammas, Ov.: al. flammam pinguem atque olentem (v. Bernstein), Tac.: ossibus ignes, Mela: ipsis in undis alitur incendium, Iustin.: id mercimonium, quo flamma alitur, Tac.: diductis, quibus flamma alebatur, Quint.

    e) v. Mitteln u.v. Pers., die den Körper und seine Teile u. ihm anhaftende Übel nähren usw., α) im guten Sinne, nähren u. kräftigen, gedeihen lassen (Ggstz. minuere), cibi qui alunt, nährende Sp., Cels.: omnes corporis extremas quoque partes, Lucr.: corpus, Cels. u. Plin. (vgl. otia corpus alunt, Ov. ex Pont. 1, 4, 21: minuendo corpus alebat, Ov. met. 8, 878): vires, Caes.: staturam, Caes.: quorum ciborum diversitate reficitur stomachus et pluribus minore fastidio alitur, Quint.: al. capillum od. pilos, den Haarwuchs befördern, Plin.: alitur ulcus od. vulnus, wird geheilt, Cels. – β) im üblen Sinne, nähren = vergrößern, verschlimmern, morbum, Nep. Att. 21, 6: bildl., vulnus venis (v. Liebenden), Verg. Aen. 4, 2: haec vulnera vitae non minimam partem mortis formidine aluntur, Lucr. 3, 63 sq.

    II) übtr., nähren, lebendig erhalten, beleben, hegen, (weiter) fördern, immer mehr und mehr entwickeln, weiter ausbilden, weiter verbreiten, honos alit artes, Cic.: laus alit artes, Poët. vet. fr.: opes tempus aluit, Mela: alit aemulatio ingenia, Vell.: quid alat formetque poëtam, Hor.: hos successus alit, Verg.: consuetudo ius est, quod leviter a natura tractum aluit et maius fecit usus, Cic.: nolo meis impensis illorum ali luxuriam, Nep.: u. so al. amorem, Ov.: audaciam, Cic.: audaciam in peius, Amm.: bellum, Cic. (vgl. bellum se ipsum alit, Liv.): dubitatione bellum, Tac.: belli materiam, Curt.: civitatem, die Wohlfahrt des St. fördern, Caes.: consuetudinem perditarum contionum, Cic.: contentiones civitatium, Iustin.: diutus controversiam, Caes.: ingenium, Cic.: serendis rumoribus aptum otium, Curt.: rumores credulitate suā, Liv.: seditiones civitatium, Tac.: malignis sermonibus non ali, sich nicht weiden an usw., Plin. ep.: al. spem alcis mollibus sententiis, Cic.: alitur vitium vivitque tegendo, Verg.: vitia, quae semper facultatibus licentiāque et assentationibus aluntur, Vell. – / Partiz. Perf. altus od. alitus gleich üblich, s. Georges, Lexik. der latein. Wortf. S. 36.

    lateinisch-deutsches > alo

  • 32 basiliscus

    basiliscus, ī, m. (βασιλίσκος), der Basilisk (Lacerta basiliscus, L.), eine Eidechsenart, Plin. 8, 78 sq. Solin. 27, 50. Vulg. psalm. 90 (91), 13. Amm. 22, 15, 27. Ven. Fort. 8, 6, 195. Ps. Apul. herb. 128: basilisci serpentes, Amm. 28, 1, 41: mit Anspielung auf die Abstammung des Wortes v. βασιλεύς (König), Lucan. 9, 726.

    lateinisch-deutsches > basiliscus

  • 33 bestia [1]

    1. bestia, ae, f., das Tier, als vernunftloses Wesen (im Ggstz. zum Menschen), I) eig.: A) im Allg.: bestia cicur, fera, Cic.: bestia grandis (v. Eber), Liv.: bestiae terrenae, aquatiles, Cic.: bestiae mutae, Cic.: sus terrestris bestia est., Plaut.: ille Orpheus, immanium bestiarum delenitor, Apul.: bestiarum morsus, Cic.: bestiarum genus, das Tierreich, Plin.: ut bestiis aliud alii praecipui a natura datum est, sic homini multo quiddam praestantius, Cic.: natura alias bestias nantes aquarum incolas esse voluit: alias volucres caelo frui libero; serpentes quasdam; quasdam esse gradientes; immanes alias, quasdam autem cicures, Cic.: adde hydram Lernaeam et draconem Hesperidum! quot bestiae fuerunt immanes, Varr. fr. – als Schimpfwort, Bestie, mala tu es bestia, Plaut. Bacch. 55; vgl. Vulg. ad Tit. 1, 2: u. scherzh. mala bestia, vom Bocksgestank unter dem Arme (caper), Catull. 69, 8. – B) insbes., ein wildes, reißendes Tier, eine Bestie, Ulp. dig. 3, 1, 1. § 6; 9, 1, 1. § 10. Isid. 12, 2, 1 (aber nicht Plin. 10, 1, wo bestiarum genus = Tierreich); namentl. ein zum Kämpfen mit Gladiatoren od. Verbrechern bestimmtes, alqm bestiis obicere, Cic.: alqm ad bestias mittere, zum Kampf mit den wilden Tieren, Cic.: ebenso dare alqm ad bestias, ICt.: condemnare alqm ad bestias, damnatio bestiarum, Verurteilung zum Tierkampf, ICt.: pugnare od. depugnare cum bestiis, ICt.: ad bestias pugnare, Vulg. – II) übtr., ein Sternbild, j. der Wolf gen., Vitr. 9, 5 (7), 1. – / Nbf. bistea, Greg. Tur. hist. Franc. 1, 27: bistia, Greg. Tur. curs. stell. 5.

    lateinisch-deutsches > bestia [1]

  • 34 biiugus

    biiugus, a, um (bis u. iugum), zweispännig, leones, Lucr. u. Verg.: equi, Mart.: serpentes, Val. Flacc.: currus, Lucr., Sil. u. Aur. Vict. (s. Arntzen Aur. Vict. epit. 3, 9): certamen, Kampf auf dem Zweigespann, Verg.: subst., biiugī, ōrum, m. (sc. equi), ein Zweigespann, Rennwagen, Verg. Aen. 10, 587; od. Streitwagen, Verg. Aen. 10, 453. – / synk. Nbf. bīgus, Manil. 5, 3 (wenn nicht bigis v. bigae zu lesen ist). Prud. c. Symm. 1, 361.

    lateinisch-deutsches > biiugus

  • 35 colligo [2]

    2. col-ligo, lēgī, lēctum, ere (con u. legere), zusammenlesen, auflesen, sammeln, aufsammeln, I) eig.: a) mit der Hand usw., sarmenta virgultaque, Caes.: radices palmarum agrestium, Cic.: fructus, Hor.: flores, Ov.: venenatas serpentes, Nep.: ossa (Gebeine), Tibull.: sarcinas, auf einen Haufen zusammenbringen, Sall.; dah. sein Bündel schnüren, sich zum Aufbruch rüsten, Varr.: ebenso sarcinulas, seine sieben Sachen zusammenpacken, Petr. u. Iuven.: vasa, das G. zusammenpacken, sich zum Aufbruch rüsten, Liv. (s. Fabri Liv. 21, 47, 2): rei publicae naufragium (im Bilde), Cic.: omnes rumorum et contionum ventos (im Bilde = jedes G. u. Volksgeschwätz zur Anstiftung von Unruhen benutzen), Cic.: vasa ex tuguriis, Sall.: faces undique ex agris, Liv.: uvas de vitibus, Ov.: apes in vas, Varr.: neta in globum, auf ein Knäuel wickeln, Hieron.: mucrone frusta, einzeln anspießen, Petr.: stipem a tyrannis, Liv. – b) übh. auf einen Punkt zusammenbringen, α) sammeln, zusammenhäufen, pecuniam, Hor.: aquam uberiorem, Cic.: pluvias aquas, Quint.: curriculo pulverem Olympicum, Hor.: spiritum, Atem schöpfen, Quint. u. Petr.: diu vocem collegi, ich suchte lange meine Worte, Petr.: v. lebl. Subjj., aër umorem colligens, Cic.: pluviam (von der Nacht), Verg.: revertentes ignes (v. Monde), Verg.: rugas (v. Gesicht), Sen. – v. Lebl., einen gewissen Raum einnehmen, fassen, rami (ficus) in excelsum emicant..., ut LX passus plerique orbe colligant, im Umfang einnehmen, Plin.: capitis ambitus per frontem centum duos pedes colligit, Plin. – β) versammelnd sammeln, zusammenbringen, -ziehen, -raffen, konzentrieren, milites, Cic.: copias od. naves in unum, Liv.: omnes copias undique, Cic.: de pagis omnibus bonos viros, Cic.: ex agris ingentem numerum perditorum hominum, Cic.: reliquos ex fuga, Nep.: conquisitum et collectum vulgus, und zu einem Haufen vereinigte Menge, Tac.: dah. se coll., sich sammeln, sich zusammenscharen, absol., Caes.: se ex regno alcis, Cic.: se in unum od. in orbem, Liv.: se in moenia, Sil.: se ad aciem, Auct. b. Afr.: – c) in sich zusammennehmen, in die Höhe nehmen, aufnehmen, aufraffen, aufschürzen, α) übh.: corpus, Iustin.: librum elapsum, Plin. ep.: lapsum de pulvere follem. Mart.: pallium, Plaut.: togam, Mart.: tunicam altius, Petr.: cultum suum (seinen Roquelaure), Petr.: sinus fulvo in nodum auro, Verg. capillos sparsos per colla in nodum, aufnesteln, Ov.: arma od. pedes, die Segel einziehen, Verg.: u. Tibull. – β) enger zusammenziehen, zusammendrängen, vertex in unum apicem collectus, Ov.: bes. leb. Wesen, orbem breviore spatio, enger ziehen, Liv.: testudo, ubi conlecta in suum tegumen est, Liv.: se in spiram (v. einer Schlange), Verg.: se c. od. colligi in arma, sich hinter dem (vorgehaltenen) Speere zusammenducken, Verg. u. Sil.: u. so c. in clipeum artus, Stat. (vgl. Thiel Verg. Aen. 12, 191). – d) hemmend zurückziehen, hemmen, equos, Ov.: hastas (Ggstz. protendere), Tac.: gressum od. gradum, Sil.: acria viscerum, hemmen, Plin. – e) verdichtend zusammenziehen, verdichten, colligi in pilulas, Plin.: alqd pane, Plin.: melle colligitur medicamentum, Scrib.: collecta (n. pl.) cum melle, Cels. – II) übtr.: 1) zusammenlesen, -suchen, sammeln, facete dicta, Cic.: res undique, Cic.: multa in conventu vitia in alqm, viele Fehler zu jmds. Schaden entdecken, Cic.: quaedam collecta edere, Quint.: veteres ortus cometarum collectos habere, Sen. phil. – 2) ein Gut od. Übel jmdm. zuziehen, (bei jmd.) erregen, od. gew. sich zuziehen, sich erwerben, sammeln, erlangen, empfangen, gewinnen, ernten, sowohl ein physisches, robur, Verg.: frigus, Hor.: sitim, Verg. u. Ov.: sitim ab aestu, Ov.: vires, Liv.: agendo ac moliendo vires ad agendum aliquid, Liv.: als ein geistiges, alci benevolentiam od. odium exercitus (v. Glück od. Unglück), Caes.: benevolentiam, Cic.: odium, Ov.: iram (Ggstz. ponere), Hor.: benevolentiam ab auditorum persona, Cornif. rhet.: benevolentiam civium blanditiis et assentationibus, Cic.: ex hoc labore magnam gratiam magnamque dignitatem, Cic.: invidiam crudelitatis ex eo, Cic.: gratia non virtutis spe, sed aetatis flore collecta, Cic.: rabies libidine perditorum collecta, Petr. – 3) coll. se od. animum (animos) od. mentem, sich zusammennehmen, sich sammeln, wieder zur Besinnung kommen, sich fassen, Mut fassen (Ggstz. animum confundere od. bl. confundi; vgl. Mützell Curt. 8, 6 [23], 22. p. 761, a), coll. se, Cic. u.a.: se ex timore, Caes.: animum (animos), Liv.: collecto animo, gefaßt, Tac.: colligere mentem, Curt.: mentem ab aestu (amoris), Ov. – 4) in Rede u. Gedanken zusammenstellen, a) mündlich od. schriftlich aufstellen, aufzählen, beibringen, singula, Plin. pan.: peccata consulum, Cic.: omnes excusationis causas, Hirt. b. G.: multorum naufragia fortunae, Cic.: omnia bella civilia, Cic.: res Romanas per ordinem temporum strictim, Eutr.: quos tu paulo ante memoriter collegisti, Cic.: u. rekapitulierend zusammenfassen, rekapitulieren, sparsa argumenta, Quint.: colligit fortiter, Plin. ep. – b) denkend, α) übh. in Gedanken, in der Erinnerung zusammenfassen, überdenken, quae si colliges, Cic.: cum et nostrae rei publicae detrimenta considero et maximarum civitatum veteres animo calamitates colligo, Cic. – β) rechnend zusammenbringen, im Passiv = herauskommen, sich herausstellen od. ergeben, sowohl eine Summe, cum praesertim centum et viginti annos ab interitu Ciceronis in hunc diem effici ratio temporum collegerit, Tac.: ad quos (consules) a regno Numae colliguntur anni DXXXX V, man rechnet od. es kommen (durch Rechnung) zusammen 545 Jahre, Plin.: u. so centum et viginti anni ab interitu Ciceronis in hunc diem colliguntur, Tac.: als auch ein räuml. Maß ausrechnen, berechnen, mensuram orbis terrae, Vitr.: intervalla siderum et mensuras solis ac terrae, Quint. – γ) folgernd den Schluß ziehen, folgern, schließen, abnehmen, sich ein Urteil bilden, absol., c. mendose, Pers.: sic collige mecum, Hor.: ita cognitione et ratione, ut etc., Cic. – m. Acc., nonne ista colligunt, Cic.: inde paucitatem hostium, Liv.: ex alio aliud, Quint.: ex vultu mores hominum, Petr.: consilia ex alienis vocibus, Apul.: quod ex oratione eius colligi potest, Suet.: quā colligitur aliquid per aliud, Quint.: quod res omnis signis colligeretur, Quint. – m. folg. Acc. u. Infin., bene etiam colligit haec pueris et mulierculis esse grata, Cic.: os laesum esse ex dolore colligimus, Cels.: ex quo colligi potest et Corvinum ab illis audiri potuisse, Tac.: quod iam nullum esse spatio annorum colligi potest, Vell.: poet. m. Nom. u. Infin., colligor ex ipso dominae placuisse sepulchro, Ov. am. 2, 6, 61. – m. folg. indir. Fragesatz, ex co colligere poteris, quantā occupatione distinear, Cic.: quaedam notae sunt, ex quibus quid eventurum sit colligere possimus, Cels.: experimento facile colligitur, utrum... an non etc., Cels. – m. folg. quod (daß), quam sit assidua fortunae comes invidia, etiam hoc colligi potest, quod fuere, qui etc., Vell. 1, 9, 6. – / Im Vulgärlat. der Eccl. Perf. collexi, s. Rönsch Itala p. 286.

    lateinisch-deutsches > colligo [2]

  • 36 conicio

    con-icio (cō-icio), iēcī, iectum, ere (con u. iacio), I) im engern Sinne, hinwerfen, hineinwerfen, hinaufwerfen, daraufwerfen, daranwerfen, deutsch oft bl. werfen, 1) eig.: a) übh.: arma lecta in acervum, Liv.: sarcinas utrimque in acervum, Liv.: sarcinas in unum, in medium, Liv., u. in medio, Liv. (s. Drak. Liv. 10, 36, 1). – vasa fictilia in naves, Nep.: magnam vim lignorum ardentem in flumen, Liv.: serpentes vivas in vasa fictilia, Nep. – pallium od. palliolum in collum, auf (um) die Schulter werfen, Plaut.: alqm in ignem, Plaut.: alqm vivum in flammam, Auct. b. Afr.: interfectum in plaustrum, Cic.: sortes in hydriam, im Zshg. bl. conicere sortes (Ggstz. educere), Cic.: ebenso c. alcis nomen in urnam, Sen.: u. nomina in urnam, Liv. u. Plin. ep.: dah. alqm in sortem od. alcis sortem, jmd. losen lassen (zB. die Prätoren über die Provinzen, die Tribus über die Abstimmung usw.), Cic. – ignem in obiectam saepem, Liv. (vgl. im Bilde, cum in me flamma illorum temporum coniciebatur, Cic.): aggerem in munitionem, Caes. – purpureas vestes super (oben darauf), Verg. – u. (poet.) m. Dat., igni galeas, Verg.: vincula collo, Ov. – im Zshg. ohne Ang. wohin? Quinti fratris domus inflammata iussu Clodii coniectis ignibus, Cic.: ligna celeriter exstruunt fascesque virgultorum coniciunt, Liv.: quae (tecta) coniectis celeriter stramentis tentoriorum integendorum gratiā erant inaedificata, Hirt. b. G. – b) Geschosse usw. nach einem Punkte hinwerfen, auf einen Ggstd. einwerfen, deutsch oft bl. werfen, schleudern, schießen, tela, lapides telaque in nostros, Caes.: iacula plurima in equos virosque, Liv.: eminus hastam od. hastas, Verg.: tela undique in unum hostem, Liv.: milia sagittarum circiter XXX in castellum, Caes.: tela intra vallum, Caes.: ex tumulo od. e loco superiore tela in nostros, Caes.: iaculum inter ilia, Ov. – u. bl. venabula manibus, Ov.: telum sine ictu, Verg.: tela, Caes.: iaculum, sagittam, Verg.: hastas, Val. Flacc. – u. im Bilde, petitiones ita, ut vitari non possint, Cic.

    2) übtr.: a) im allg., wohin werfen, schleudern, deutsch auch gegen jmd. od. etw. richten, auf einen Ggstd. hinlenken, c. oculos in alqm, Cic.: coniectis in eum omnium oculis, Tac.: coniectis oculis, mit auf ihn gehefteten Blicken, Cic. – bes. Worte, eine Beschuldigung u. dgl., in disputando vocem, hinschleudern, Cael. in Cic. ep.: orationem tam improbam in alqm, Cic.: maledicta in alcis vitam, Cic.: haec omnia crimina in alcis nimiam diligentiam, wälzen, Cic.: in unum vigilem culpam, Liv. – u. (poet.) mit Dat., querelas absenti, Tibull. – b) prägn., kombinierend gleichs. etw. treffen, ermitteln, abnehmen, vermuten, mutmaßlich schließen, erraten, α) übh.: tu conicito cetera, quid ego ex hac inopia nunc capiam etc., Ter.: ex quo omnes coniecerant eum regnum ei commisisse quoad etc., Nep.: num igitur aut haruspex aut augur aut vates quis aut somnians melius coniecerit, e morbo aegrotum evasurum, quam medicus? Cic.: num igitur aut quae tempestas impendeat, vates melius coniciet, quam gubernator: aut morbi naturam acutius, quam medicus? Cic.: c. callidissime de futuris (Ggstz. iudicare verissime de instantibus), Nep.: de matre savianda ex oraculo acute arguteque, Cic. – annos sexaginta natus es aut plus eo, ut conicio, Ter. – bene qui coniciet, vatem hunc perhibebo optimum (als Übstzg. von μάντις γ' ἄριστος, ὅστις εἰκάζει καλῶς, Eurip.), Cic. poët. – Partic. Perf. subst., belle coniecta, nette Vermutungen, Cic.: male coniecta maleque interpretata, ungeschickte V. u. ungeschickte Auslegungen, Cic. – β) mutmaßlich auslegen, deuten, alci somnium, Plaut.: o praeclare coniectum a vulgo in illam provinciam omen communis famae atque sermonis! Cic.

    II) im weitern Sinne, 1) eig.: a) = sich wohin begeben machen od. lassen, wohin werfen, treiben, stecken, wohin nehmen, wohin bringen, wohin flüchten u. dgl., etesia flabra aquilonum nubila coniciunt in eas tunc omnia partes, Lucr.: cum haec navis invitis nautis vi tempestatis in portum coniecta sit, Cic.: u. (im Bilde) id sub legis superbissimae vincula conicitis, Liv. – bes. leb. Wesen, alqm in medium, jmd. (beim Gehen) in die Mitte nehmen (v. zweien), Cic.: novercam in alteram navem, Sen. rhet.: mulieres in eum locum, quo etc., Caes.: auxilia in mediam aciem, Caes.: exercitum in angustias, Curt.: hostes in fugam, Caes. – und zur Strafe, alqm in eculeum, Cic.: alqm in carcerem, Cic.: alqm in carcerem ob crimen peculatus, Iustin.: alqm in carcerem, quod (weil er) etc., Suet.: alqm in vincula, Cic.: alqm in custodiam, Nep.: alqm in lautumias, Cic.: servos in arcas (Zellengefängnisse), Cic. – u. so auch se conic. = sich wohin werfen, sich stürzen, sich begeben, sich flüchten u. dgl., se intro, Ter.: se in pedes, Ter.: se in paludem, Liv.: se in portum (von Delphinen), Cic.: se in castra alcis, Cic.: se in scalas tabernae librariae, Cic.: u. (im Bilde) se in mirificam latebram (beim Disputieren), Cic.: se in signa manipulosque, Caes.: u. se in fugam, Cic. – b) vermittelst der Hand usw. wohin treiben, stoßen, stecken, einbringen, eingießen, aufgießen, beilegen, α) übh.: digitos pollices linteolis involutos in os aegri, Cels.: his (digitis) deinde coniectis, Cels. – filum in acum, einfädeln, Cels.: linamentum ardens in aeneam cucurbitulam, Cels.: acum in ignem, Cels.: medicamentum in calamum scriptorium, Cels.: super eminentem carnem exedentia medicamenta, Cels.: laureum oleum coniecisse (verst. in aurem) abunde est, Cels. -libellum in epistulam, dem Br. beilegen, in den Br. einschließen, Cic.: u. so fasciculus, quo (in das) illam (epistulam) conieceram, Cic. – m. Dat., lupinum frutectoso solo, Plin.: cinerem dentibus exesis, Plin. – selten leb. Wesen, alqm in culleum, Cic. – β) insbes., eine Waffe wohin stoßen, gladium in adversum os, Caes.: cultros in guttura velleris atri, Ov.: u. bl. cultros, Ov.: im Passiv m. in u. Abl., coniectum in gutture ferrum, Ov. met. 3, 90.

    2) übtr.: a) wohin werfen, stecken, bringen = versetzen, teils in eine Zeit, naves coniectae in noctem, in die Nacht hinein verspätete, Caes.: se in noctem, sich in die N. hineinwerfen (= unter dem Schutze der N. eilig abreisen), Cic.: proelium in noctem, hineinziehen, Auct. b. Afr.: u. alqm in breve tempus, auf eine kurze Z. beschränken, Ter.: haec tempora, in quae testis crimen conicit, verlegt, Liv. – teils in eine gewisse Abteilung, forensem turbam in quattuor tribus, Liv.: in unam tribum omnes, qui etc., Liv.: nulli conicientur in ullum ordinem (iudicum), nulli eximentur, Cic. – teils (durch Verwandlung) in eine Gestalt, animus domicilia mutet ad alias animalium formas coniectus, immer wieder in andere Tiergestalten gesteckt, versetzt, Sen. ep. 88, 34 H. – teils in einen äußern oder innern Zustand u. dgl., alqm ex tranquillissima re in nuptias, ins Ehejoch stecken, Ter.: alqm ex occultis insidiis ad apertum latrocinium, nötigen, Cic.: rem publicam in perturbationes, Cic.: alqm in laetitiam frustra, Ter.: animos in terrorem, Auct. b. Afr.: hostes in terrorem ac tumultum, Liv. – se in turbam, Cic.: in quod me malum conieci? habe ich mich gestürzt? Ter.: c. se mente ac voluntate in versum, sich auf die Dichtkunst werfen, Cic. – b) verwendend, verschwendend Geld in etw. stecken, tantam pecuniam in propylaea, Cic.: HS milies in culinam, Sen. – c) schriftlich einfügend wohin bringen, wo anbringen, wohin aufnehmen, legem in decimam tabulam, Cic.: plura in eandem epistulam, Cic.: haec verba in interdictum, Cic. – d) mündlich anbringen, vorbringen, verhandeln, causam in comitio aut in foro ante meridiem, Vet. lex b. Cornif. rhet. 2, 20: causam ad alqm, Afran. com. 216: verba inter se acrius, Afran. com. 309: is cum filio coiecerat nescio quid de ratiuncula, Afran. com. 190 sq. – Archaist. coniexit = coniecerit, Plaut. trin. 722.

    lateinisch-deutsches > conicio

  • 37 contra

    contrā (v. con, d.i. κατά, »gen«, wie extra v. ex), I) Adv.: A) räumlich = gegenüber, auf der entgegengesetzten Seite (s. Brix Plaut. mil. 3), c. aggrediar, Plaut.: ulmus erat c., Ov.: omnia contra circaque plena hostium erant, Liv.: bes. alqm c. aspicere, c. intueri, von Angesicht zu Angesicht sehen, Plaut. u. Liv. (s. Drak. Liv. 1, 16, 6; 9, 6, 8); dah. prägn., c. aspicere alqm, jmdm. mutig ins Auge sehen, Verg. Aen. 11, 372. – B) übtr., von Handlungen: 1) die andern entsprechen = andererseits, dagegen, entgegen, mihi quoque edepol, cum hic nugatur, contra nugari lubet, Plaut.: si laudabit haec illius formam; tu huius contra, Ter. – 2) die ihnen entgegengesetzt sind, a) dagegen, entgegen, im Gegenteil, umgekehrt, utrumque contra accidit, Cic.: at tibi contra evenit, Hor.: quod contra fit a plerisque, die Mehrzahl macht dieses anders, Cic.: alqm c. amare, zu jmd. Gegenliebe hegen, Plaut. (s. Brix Plaut. mil. 101): u. so c. deperire, Plaut. – verb. mit atque (ac) od. quam, ganz anders als (s. Bünem. Lact. 3, 29, 13. Süpfle Cic. ep. sel. 2, 2. Weißenb. Liv. 30, 19, 9), zB. simulacrum Iovis contra, atque antea fuerat, ad orientem convertere, Cic.: vides omnia fere contra, ac dicta sint, evenisse, Cic.: ubi videt Catilinam contra ac ratus erat magnā vi tendere, Sall.: cum contra fecerint, quam polliciti sint, Cic.: contra quam sanctum legibus erat, Liv.: c. quam supra dictum est, Gell. – auro c., gegen Gold gehalten, gewogen, dem Golde gleich, Plaut. u. Ter.: so auch aurichalco c., Plaut.: non carust auro c., ist nicht mit Gold zu bezahlen, Plaut. – c. vero, hingegen aber, Vitr. 1, 6, 3. – e contra od. in einem Worte econtra, Acro Hor. sat. 1, 1, 10, Aur. Vict. u. Hieron. – / Oft kann contra übersetzt werden durch »das Entgegengesetzte«, Umgekehrte, »das Gegenteil«, illi dicere melius quam praecipere: nos c. fortasse possumus, Cic.: ego c. puto, Plin. ep. (vgl. Fabri Sall. Iug. 85, 1). – b) vom feindlichen Entgegenstreben, entgegen, dawider, c. facere, Ter.: c. pugnare, Lucr.: contra omni ratione pugnare, sich als Gegner zeigen, Cic.: c. consistere, sich entgegensetzen, Widerstand leisten, Caes.: c. dicere, widersprechen, Cic. Tusc. 1, 77. Caes. b. c. 1, 32, 3 (vgl. contradico); od. anklagen, κατηγορειν, Cic. Clu. 134; vgl. Quint. 5, 11, 13: c. disputare, Cic.: c. oppugnare sagittis, Prop.: c. ire, sich widersetzen, Tac.: de corruptis litteris c. venire, entgegenhandeln, Cic.: aber venire contra se alqm audire, entgegenrücken, Liv.

    II) Praep. m. Acc.: A) räumlich = gegenüber, gegen, nach... hinwärts, insula, quae c. Brundisinum portum est, Caes.: castellum c. arcem obiecit, Liv. – B) übtr. auf Handlungen: 1) v. Entgegenstreben gegen etwas: a) v. Entgegenstreben übh., wider, gegen (Ggstz. secundum u.a.), c. ventum, Col.: c. aquam remigare, stromaufwärts, Sen.: c. scalas ferre, treppauf, Plin. – et (vinum) tunc erat contra aurum, war goldeswert, Petron. 76, 3. – dah. gegen = im Widerspruch mit usw., quod aut secundum naturam esset aut contra (sc. eam), Cic.: contra ius gentium, Liv.: c. spem, Sall.: c. spem votaque, Liv.: c. spem omnium, Caes.: c. opinionem, Caes.: c. opinionem omnium, Cic.: c. spem exspectationemque, Sen.: c. exspectationem omnium, Hirt. b. G.: c. consuetudinem, Hirt. b. G.: c. omnium consuetudinem, Cic. – c. ea, »dagegen, im Gegenteil, umgekehrt«, Caes.: mihi c. ea videtur, mir gefällt das Entgegengesetzte, ich billige die entgegengesetzte Weise, Sall. Vgl. Drak. Liv. 3, 57, 1. Staveren Nep. praef. 6. – b) v. feindl. Entgegenstreben, der feindl. Willensrichtung = gegen, wider (Ggstz. pro), c. alqm coniurare, armis contendere, pugnare, Caes.: c. deos disputare, Cic.: nuntios c. postulata mittere, durch B. Einwendungen machen lassen, protestieren gegen usw., Sall.: quem c. veneris, gegen den du aufgetreten bist, Cic.: num possit aut contra imperatorem aut pro imperatore dici, Cic.: hoc non pro me sed contra me est, Cic.: quare hoc non modo non pro me, sed contra me est potius, Sall.: sive illud pro plebe sive contra plebem est, Liv.: quae pro patria... quae contra (sc. patriam) gesserit, Iustin.: c. pericula et insidias firmissimus, Sall. – dah. in der mediz. Spr., von Heilmitteln, gegen etwas, quibus hominibus c. serpentes inest venenum, Plin.: c. haec proderit, Pallad. – 2) v. der freundlichen Willensrichtung (= erga, in) = gegen, clementia c. minus validos, Plin. 8, 23. – / contra als Präp. dem Subst. nachgesetzt, Verg. u. Tac.: u. dem Pronom. relat., quem contra, quos contra, Cic. – Im Verse auch contră gemessen, s. Wagner Plaut. aul. p. XXIII (ed. 1). Haupt opusc. 2, 117. Usener Pseud. Plaut. scaen. II. p. 10 (auch noch Manil. 2, 253).

    lateinisch-deutsches > contra

  • 38 contraho

    con-traho, trāxī, tractum, ere, zusammenziehen, beiziehen, I) vereinigend: 1) eig.: a) zusammen-, beiziehen = ziehend vereinigen, von lebl. Subjj., pituitam, semen, Cels. – mit in u. Akk., umorem in caput, Cels.: aquam intus in uterum, Cels.: in se caliginem, Plin.

    b) zusammenziehen, beiziehen = versammeln, sammeln, vereinigen, gew. leb. Wesen (Ggstz. dissipare, dispergere), captivos, Liv.: agrestes, Ov.: serpentes, Plin.: muscas, Plin.: undique fontes, Ov.: iumenta et camelos a Susis, Curt. – dispersos cives in unam urbem, Val. Max. – v. lebl. Subjj., contraxit eos non officii modo cura, sed etiam studium spectaculi, Liv. – Insbes.: α) (als milit. t. t.) Truppen, Schiffe usw. beiziehen, an sich ziehen, u. (mit u. ohne in unum locum, in unum) auf einen Punkt zusammenziehen, vereinigen, konzentrieren, auxilia, Suet. u. Iustin.: exercitum, Vell.: copias, Nep.: equitum et peditum copias, Pompei. in Cic. ep.: praesidia, quae in Umbria sunt, Pompei. in Cic. ep.: naves circiter LXXX cogere contrahereque, Caes.: magnam classem, Nep. – copias subito, Nep., celeriter, Nep. – undique exercitum, Liv., omnes copias, Curt., naves, Liv., od. auxilia a finitimis, Iustin.: ex omnibus oppidis copias, Pompei. in Cic. ep.: ex finitimis regionibus cohortes ex delectibus Pompeianis, Caes. – auxilia in Graecia, Iustin.: copias ad Bononiam, Suet. – illuc od. eo suas copias, Nep.: onerarias naves ex omni Graeciae ora eodem, Liv.: Luceriam omnes copias, Cic.: Veios ingentem exercitum, Liv.: in una castra decem legiones, Vell.: exercitum od. impedimenta in unum locum, Caes. u. Liv.: omnes od. omnia in unum, Liv. u. Cic.: dispersos milites in unum, Sall. – veteranos in suum auxilium, Suet.: naves ad exercitum traiciendum, Liv. – β) zur Unterredung, zur Beratung, zur Versammlung zusammenbringen, versammeln, kommen lassen, Scipionem et Hasdrubalem ad colloquium dirimendarum simultatium causā, Liv. – domum fidissimos amicorum, Iustin.: praefectos copiarum in praetorium, Curt.: in unum omnes copias ducesque, Liv. – bes. den Senat (b. Cic. cogere), pauci tantum patrum, quos casus obtulerat, contracti a consulibus, Liv.: senatus (Romanus) edicto contrahitur, Val. Max.: c. senatum (= βουλήν) in gymnasio, Iustin.: decuriones, Plin. ep. – γ) zu einer Korporation vereinigen, verbinden, ii, qui in idem contracti fuerint, Traian. in Plin. ep. 10, 34 (43), 1.

    c) einsammelnd zusammenbringen, zusammentragen, sammeln, omnis generis commeatum, Suet.: aurum, Plin.: exemplaria, Suet.: haec vetera (diese alten Schriftstücke), Tac. dial.: undique libros, Suet.: plures domos emptionibus per procuratores, Vell. – Insbes.: α) Früchte usw. zusammen-, einbringen, einheimsen, apes mella contrahunt, Plin.: venenum aliud ex radicibus herbarum contrahitur (vegetabilisches), aliud ex animalibus mortiferis reservatur (animalisches), Ps. Quint. decl. – β) Geld zusammenbringen, aufbringen, einnehmen, bes. als Erlös, c. pecuniam (Ggstz. erogare), Val. Max. – m. ex u. Abl., pecunia per quaestorem populi Romani ex praeda vendita contracta, Gell.: pecuniam ex viatico amicorum ipsiusque Caesaris, Tac.: ex pretio viridis olei plus quam multitudine mali nummorum contrahitur, Col. – m. Dat. (wozu?), pecuniam, quam tuae saluti contraxeram, Sen.

    2) übtr.: a) Gemüter zusammenbringen, in der Zuneigung vereinigen, contrahit celeriter similitudo eos, Liv.: illa (Venus) rudes animos hominum contraxit in unum, Ov.

    b) eines Verbindung zusammenbringen, herbeiführen, α) eine freundschaftliche od. verwandtschaftliche knüpfen, eingehen, v. lebl. Subjj., c. amicitiam, Cic. de amic. 48 u. (mit Ggstz. dissipare discordiam) Cic. de amic. 24: vinculum amicitiae, Val. Max. 4, 7 in. – v. Pers., c. matrimonium (Ggstz. matrimonium solvere, dimittere), Iustin. u. Suet.: affinitas inter Caesarem et Pompeium contracta nuptiis, Vell. – β) eine geschäftliche Verbindung eingehen, abschließen, in etw. sich einlassen, rem, rationem, negotium, Cic.: emptionem ac venditionem, ICt.: res contractae, Verträge, Cic.: male contractae res, mißliche Umstände, in die wir verfangen sind, Cic. – m. cum u. Abl. od. m. inter se, cum multis res rationesque contractae, Geschäfts- u. Handelsverbindungen, Cic.: c. magnam rationem cum Mauritaniae rege, Cic.: c. nihil cum alqo, sich mit jmd. nichts zu schaffen machen, Cic.: res inter se c. emendo, vendendo, mutuum dando, Liv. – u. ohne Objekt, is qui od. ii quibuscum contrahebat, sich (in ein Geschäft) einließ, Cic.: neque si tecum agas aliquid neque si cum altero contrahas, vacare officio potes, Cic.

    c) einen Zustand jmdm. od. sich zuziehen, herbeiführen, verwirken, α) übh.: aes alienum u. aes alienum novum, Cic.: aes alienum in popina, Cic., od. luxu, Curt.: aes alienum cum creditore, Sen. – a nostra persona benevolentiam, von seiten unserer Person W. gewinnen, Cornif. rhet.: bellum, Liv.: alci od. sibi bellum cum alqo, Liv.: causas bellorum et bella, Mela. – causam certaminis cum alqo, Liv.: mortis sibi causam, Plin.: contracto iam inter Aetolos et Trallos certamine, sich entsponnen hatte, Liv.: clades suā temeritate contracta, Liv.: c. culpam, ICt. (u. so ea est contracta a nobis culpa, ut etc., Cic. ad Att. 11, 24, 1). – in maximis lucris paulum aliquid damni (v. Kaufhandel), Cic. – inimicitias domui, Quint.: plurimum invidiae alqā re, Suet.: numinis iram sibi, Ov. – aliquid litigii inter hos duos, Plaut.: lites, Plaut. u. Cic. – malum culpā, Cic.: molestias liberalitate suā, Cic. – necessitates ad bellum cum Romanis, Liv.: contrahitur mihi negotium, ich werde in Verlegenheit gebracht, Cic.: c. nefas celanda effando, Liv.: c. noxam, Schaden nehmen, Col. u. Apul.: odium hoc facinore, Vell.: tantum odium immoderati imperii crudelitate, Iustin. – incerti, morando an veniendo plus periculi contraherent, Liv.: conscientia contracti culpā periculi, Liv.: c. peregre habitando in singulas noctes tantum sibi reique publicae piaculi, verwirken, Liv.: c. sibi poenam, Hirt. b. G.: c. porcam, als Strafe verwirken, Cic. – c. rixam ex occursu, Vell. – v. lebl. Subjj., si mercatura quaestuosa in maximis rebus aliquid damni contraxerit, Cic.: apud Lacedaemonios virtus Alcibiadis plus invidiae quam gratiae contraxit, Iustin.: eiusmodi res et invidiam contrahunt in vita et odium in oratione, si inconsiderate tractes, Cornif. rhet.: si causae turpitudo contrahet offensionem, Cic.: illa, quae rabie contracta toleravimus, Sall. fr. – β) physische Übel zuziehen, herbeiführen, αα) an andern, v. lebl. Subjj., multorum dierum inopia contraxerat pestem, Iustin.: tristitia, quam videtur bilis atra contrahere, Cels. – ββ) an sich, sich zuziehen, v. Pers., stranguriae morbum, Plin.: cruditatem illic (dort = beim Mahle), Quint.: valetudinem adversam ferventissimis aestibus, Plin. ep.: dolor capitis vel vino vel cruditate contrahitur, Cels.: tussis multis modis contrahitur, Cels. – c. morbum ex aegritudine od. ex dolore, Iustin.: causam valetudinis ex profluvio alvi, Suet.: saginam corporis et valetudinem oculorum ex nimia luxuria, Iustin. – v. Lebl., situm aut mucorem (v. Essig), Col.: ne situ penora mucorem contrahant, Col.

    II) nach innen, verkürzend, verengernd, verdichtend zusammenziehen, 1) eig.: a) verkürzend zusammenziehen, einziehen, α) die Gliedmaßen usw. am Körper, αα) übh.: c. membrum (Ggstz. porrigere, extendere, Cic. u. Cels.: collum, cerviculam (Ggstz. tendere, extendere), Cic. u. Quint.: supercilia (Ggstz. remittere), Quint.: manum celeri motu (Ggstz. explicare), Quint.: tres digitos (Ggstz. explicare), Quint.: medium digitum in pollicem explicitis tribus, Quint.: digitos in pugnum, Plin.: crura, Ov.: brachia alci, für jmd. (um ihm Platz zu machen), Verg.: labra nimium, Cels.: rictum, Lact.: frontem, in Falten ziehen, vor Unwillen, Kummer usw. (Ggstz. frontem exporrigere, explicare, remittere; zuw. auch Ggstz. gaudere), Plaut., Cic., Quint. u. Plin. ep.: u. so vultum, Ov. – bina cornua, v. den Schnecken (Ggstz. protendere), Plin.: pinnarum oculos in acervum, v. Pfau (Ggstz. expandere colores), Plin.: habiliora sunt corpora, quae in arma (Rüstung) sua contrahi possunt (sich einschnüren lassen), quam quae superfunduntur (darüber hinausgehen), Sen. – u. se contrahere, sich zusammenziehen, sich verengern, zB. contrahit se millepeda tactu, Plin.: u. (Ggstz. se dilatare) tum pulmones se contrahunt aspirantes tum respiratu dilatant, Cic. – u. Passiv contrahi medial, sich zusammenziehen, sich verengern, nervi musculique contrahuntur (Ggstz. in suum locum veniunt), Cels.: contrahitur rictus, Ov.: cum spiritus (Atem) timore contrahitur, Sen.: u. Ggstz. dilatari, zB. stomachi partes eae, quae sunt infra id quod devoratur, dilatantur; quae autem supra, contrahuntur, Cic.: u. Ggstz. diffundi, zB. tumor frigore omni contrahitur, calore diffunditur, Cels.: und Ggstz. distendi (aufgetrieben werden), ovis sanguinariam herbam pasta toto ventre distenditur contrahiturque, Col. – contractum aliquo morbo bovis cor, Cic. de div. 2, 37. – contractum genibus tangas caput, so das du zusammengekauert mit den Knien den K. berührst, Hor. sat. 2, 7, 61: und so gravissimo frigore solus atque contractus vigilabit in lectulo, Hieron. epist. 53 (dagegen Hor. ep. 1, 7, 12 contractus leget, eingezogen, ungestört). – ββ) (besond. als mediz. t. t.) krampfhaft zusammenziehen, einziehen, bes. Passiv contrahi medial = sich zusammenziehen, sich einziehen, sich vor Krampf krümmen, sowohl momentan, saepe crura manusque contrahuntur, Cels.: ubi aegro crura contrahuntur, Cels.: contractis membris clamitans se vivere, Suet. – als dauernd, nervi qui contrahuntur, gelähmte Sehnen, Cels.: contracti aliquo morbo nervi, Cels.: recenti cicatrice contracti articuli, Cels.: contracti cruris aridi nervi, Sen. – Partiz. subst., contractī, ōrum, m., Gelähmte, Arnob. 1, 48. – β) andere Ggstde.: αα) übh.: appropinquante manu folia (v. einem Kraute), Plin.: arcum, spannen, Iuven. – ββ) als naut. t. t., c. vela, die S. einziehen, reffen, bildl. = sich im Glücke mäßigen, s. Cic. ad Att. 1, 16, 2. Quint. 12. prooem. § 4. Hor. carm. 2, 10, 23. – γγ) als t. t. der Baukunst, zusammenziehen, verjüngen, columnam, Vitr. 4, 3, 4 (vgl. 3, 3, 12 u. 4, 7, 2): pyramis XXIV gradibus in metae cacumen se contrahens, Plin. 36, 31.

    b) verdichtend zusammenziehen, α) Wunden usw., vulnera, cicatrices, Plin.: fibulae oras vulneris paulatim contrahunt, Cels. – β) den Stuhlgang hart machen, verstopfen (Ggstz. solvere), alvum, ventrem, Cels.: in senectute alvus contrahitur, tritt Verstopfung ein, Cels. – γ) Gliedmaßen starr-, steif machen, v. Frost, Todeskälte, gew. Partiz. contractus = starr, steif, digitus torpens contractusque frigore, taub u. steif durch Fr., Suet.: vermes rigore contracti decidunt, Col.: mori contractam cum te cogunt frigora (die Mücke im Winter), Phaedr. – u. v. Frost selbst, contracto frigore pigrae, träg von starren- der Kälte (von den Bienen), Verg. georg. 4, 259; vgl. pigrum est enim contractumque frigus, Sen. de ira 2, 19, 2. – δ) eine Flüssigkeit zusammenziehen, gerinnen machen, lac, Plin.: sanguinem, v. der Furcht (Ggstz. diffundere), Gell.

    2) übtr.: a) räumlich zusammenziehen, verkürzen, verengern, diffunditur mare latissimum iterumque contrahitur, Mart. Cap.: c. castra (milit. t. t., auch mit dem Zusatz in exiguum orbem), Caes. u. Liv.: lacum, Plin. ep.: spatia orae magis magisque (v. Hispanien), Mela: contracta aequora iactis in altum molibus, Hor.: c. lucis iter (v. der Sonne), Prop.: orbem (v. Monde), Ov.: umbras (v. Tage), Ov.: horrida tempestas contraxit caelum, verengte (für den Augenschein) den Horizont, d.i. umhüllte, umnachtete den H., Hor. epod. 13, 1.

    b) der Zeitdauer nach verkürzen, abkürzen (Ggstz. extendere), tempus epulandi, Plin. pan.: tempora dicendi, Quint.

    c) Rede u. Schrift zusammenziehen, zusammenfassen, verkürzen, kürzer sprechen, kurz ausdrücken, kurz fassen (Ggstz. extendere, dilatare), poëta inusitatius contraxerat meûm factûm pro meorum factorum, Cic.: orationem aut ex verbo dilatare aut in verbum contrahere, Cic.: sit nonnumquam summittenda et contrahenda oratio, Quint.: c. nomina, verba, Cic.: mollia vocabula et Graeca ad lenitatem versus contrahere, extendere, inflectere (v. Homer), Plin. ep.: ut breviter contraham summam, Quint.: rerum notitia in artum contracta, Vell.: c. praecepta in unum, Ov.: quaelibet ex iis artibus in paucos libros, Quint.: opus in minores gyros, Stat.

    d) dem numerischen usw. Umfang nach in die Enge zusammenziehen, einschränken, beschränken, ermäßigen, α) übh.: c. universitatem generis humani eamque gradatim ad pauciores, postremo deducere ad singulos, Cic.: ea contrahere in angustumque deducere, Cic. – u. scherzh., res tuae ita contractae, ut ›nec caput nec pedes‹, zusammengewickelt (= verwickelt), Cic. ep. 7, 31, 2. – β) Affekte: appetitus omnes contrahere sedareque, Cic.: cupidinem, Hor.

    e) Gemüt, Herz, Mut einengen, beengen, beklommen machen, pressen, c. animum (Ggstz. remittere), Cic.: animum c. ac demittere, Cic.: cui non animus formidine divûm contrahitur? Lucr.: cuius non contractum sollicitudine animum illius argutiae (kluge Einfälle) solvant? Sen. – u. übtr. auf die Pers., tum (sol) quasi tristitiā quādam contrahit terram tum vicissim laetificat, Cic.: ut et bonis amici (des Fr.) quasi diffundantur et incommodis contrahantur, daß man sich (das Herz) sowohl durch das Glück des Freundes erweitert als durch seine Unannehmlichkeiten beengt fühlt, Cic.

    lateinisch-deutsches > contraho

  • 39 convena

    convena, ae, c. (convenio), zusammenkommend, -treffend, sich zusammenfindend, qui amantes unā inter se facerem convenas, mache, daß das liebende Paar zusammenkommt, sich trifft Plaut.: c. undique multitudo, Amm.: serpentes c., Solin.: aquae c., zusammenfließend, sich vereinigend, Solin. – im Plur. subst. = zusammengelaufenes Volk, zusammengelaufene Fremdlinge, Romani convenae olim sine patria parentibus, Sall. fr.: maiores nostri, convenae pastoresque, Liv.: illa pastorum convenarumque plebs, transfuga ex suis populis, Liv.: pastores et convenas congregare, Cic.: eodem convenae complures ex agro accessitavere, Cato fr.

    lateinisch-deutsches > convena

  • 40 fortis

    fortis, e (altlat. forctis [XII tabb. b. Fest. p. 348, 15, wo forctes = die Vornehmen in Rom; vgl. Paul. ex Fest. 84, 8], vielleicht verwandt mit fīrmus, frētus), stark, I) eig., im physischen Sinne = A) stark, dauerhaft und tüchtig, malleus fortis, Amm.: fortior pons, Auct. b. Alex.: ligna fortissima, Caes.: caput leonis forte, Plin.: stomachus fortis, Plin.: fortes ad opera boves, tüchtige, Col. – B) v. Menschen u. Pflanzen = von dauerhafter Gesundheit u. Körperbeschaffenheit, gesund, kraftvoll, rüstig, stramm, virgo, Afran. fr.: coloni, Verg.: u. Hor.: agricola, Hor.: ecquî [tibi] fortis visa est (eius soror)? Plaut.: contingat modo te filiamque tuam fortes invenire, bei vollem Wohlsein, Plin. ep.: plantae fortiores fient, werden erstarken, Pallad.: corpora fortissima, Quint. – dah. meton., stark, kräftig dem Gehalt nach = nährend, solidus ac fortis cibus, Lact.: fortiora legumina in cibo, Plin. – C) stark an Streitkräften, cum accessione virium fortior (verstärkt) ad alios transiret, Iustin. – II) übtr.: A) stark der Macht usw. nach, Compar. fortior = κρείττων, stärker = schwerer zu überwinden, adeo illis fortior taciturnitatis cura, quam vitae, Iustin.: quānam verborum industriā causa infirmior fortior fieret, Gell. (vgl. τον ἥττω λόγον κρείττω ποιειν). – B) dem Charakter nach = kraftvoll, tüchtig, wacker, gediegen, voll Kraft u.Mut, voll Energie, energisch, mutvoll, mutig, tapfer (Ggstz. timidus, ignavus), 1) von Pers.u. deren Gesinnung: familia, Plaut.: animus, Cic.: animus contra calamitates fortis et contumax, Sen.: fortior in dolore, Cic.: ut erat in dicendo non solum sapiens, sed etiam fortis, Cic.: vilicum assidue sedulum et fortem in operibus administrandis cognosse, Col.: vir fortissimus contra audaciam, Cic.: fortis ad pericula, Cic.: fortis ad arma, Ov.: nondum erant tam fortes ad sanguinem civilem, Liv.: poet. m. Infin., tractare serpentes, Hor. carm. 1, 37, 26. – ut virum fortem decet, einem Ehrenmanne, Ter.: viri fortissimi, ehrenhafte, Cic. – ironisch, fortis! o du tapferer Mann! welch ein Heldenmut! Ter. Andr. 702. – insbes., von Soldaten = tapfer, wacker (Ggstz. ignavus), Cic. u.a.: manu fortis, persönlich tapfer, Nep.: oft verb. fortis ac strenuus, Cic., Liv. u.a. (vgl. Fabri Liv. 21, 4, 4. Fabri Sall. Cat. 51, 16): m. Genet., fortissimus animi bellique, von hohem Mut u. großer Tapferkeit, Vell. 2, 27, 1. – Sprichw., fortes fortuna adiuvat, dem Mutvollen steht das Glück bei (vgl. unser »Frisch gewagt ist halb gewonnen«), Ter. Phorm. 203. Cic. Tusc. 2, 11: u. elliptisch fortuna fortes, Cic. de fin. 3, 16. – 2) v. lebl. Subjj.: a) mit Energie ausgesprochen, -ausgeführt, energisch, tapfer, sententia, Cic.: consilia, Cic.: factum, Cic., u. öfter Plur. facta, Kriegstaten, Liv., Verg. u.a. (s. Mützell Curt. 7, 1 [3], 23): forte conatu opus, eine tapfere Tat, Vell.: alcis forti operā utor, es leistet mit jmd. wackere Dienste, Liv. – neutr. pl. subst., serae ad fortia (Kriegstaten) vires, Verg.: et facere et pati fortia Romanum est, mit Heldenmut zu handeln u. zu dulden, Liv. – b) Energie-, Mut verratend, energisch, mutvoll, oculi, cupiditas, oratio, genus dicendi, Cic.: ingenium (Ggstz. ingenium tenue), Quint.

    lateinisch-deutsches > fortis

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