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101 Daft, Leo
[br]b. 13 November 1843 Birmingham, Englandd. 28 March 1922[br]English electrical engineer, pioneer of electric-power generation and electric railways in the USA.[br]Leo Daft, son of a British civil engineer, studied electricity and emigrated to the USA in 1866. After various occupations including running a photographic studio, he joined in 1879 the New York Electric Light Company, which was soon merged into the Daft Electric Company. This company developed electrically powered machinery and built electric-power plants. In 1883 Daft built an electric locomotive called Ampere for the Saratoga \& Mount McGregor Railroad. This is said to have been the first electric main-line locomotive for standard gauge. It collected current from a central rail, had an output of 12 hp (9 kW) and hauled 10 tons at speeds up to 9 mph (14.5 km/h). Two years later Daft made a much improved locomotive for the New York Elevated Railway, the Benjamin Franklin, which drew current at 250 volts from a central rail and had two 48 in. (122 cm)-diameter driving wheels and two 33 in. (84 cm)-diameter trailing wheels. Re-equipped in 1888 with four driving wheels and a 125 hp (93 kW) motor, this could haul an eight-car train at 10 mph (16 km/h). Meanwhile, in 1884, Daft's company had manufactured all the electrical apparatus for the Massachusetts Electric Power Company, the first instance of a complete central station to generate and distribute electricity for power on a commercial scale. In 1885 it electrified a branch of the Baltimore Union Passenger Railway, the first electrically operated railway in the USA. Subsequently Daft invented a process for vulcanizing rubber onto metal that came into general use. He never became an American citizen.[br]Further ReadingDictionary of American Biography.F.J.G.Haut, 1969, The History of the Electric Locomotive, London: George Allen \& Unwin.See also: Siemens, Dr Ernst Werner vonPJGR -
102 Whipple, Squire
SUBJECT AREA: Civil engineering[br]b. 1804 Hardwick, Massachusetts, USAd. 15 March 1888 Albany, New York, USA[br]American civil engineer, author and inventor.[br]The son of James and Electa Whipple, his father was a farmer and later the owner of a small cotton mil at Hardwick, Massachusetts. In 1817 Squire Whipple moved with his family to Otego County, New York. He helped on the farm and attended the academy at Fairfield, Herkimer County. For a time he taught school pupils, and in 1829 he entered Union College, Schenectady, where he received the degree of AB in 1830; his interest in engineering was probably aroused by the construction of the Erie Canal near his home during his boyhood. He was first employed in a minor capacity in surveys for the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad and for the Erie Canal. In 1836–7 he was resident engineer for a division of the New York and Erie Railroad and was also employed in a number of other railroad and canal surveys, making surveying instruments in the intervals between these appointments; in 1840, he completed a lock for weighing canal boats.Whipple received his first bridge patent on 24 April 1841; this was for a truss of arched upper chord made of cast and wrought iron. Five years later, he devised a trapezoidal truss which was used in the building of many bridges over the succeeding generation. In 1852–3 Whipple used his truss in an iron railroad bridge of 44.5 m (146 ft) span on the Rensselaer and Saratoga Railroad. He also built a number of bridges with lifting spans.Whipple's main contribution to bridge engineering was the publication in 1847 of A Work on Bridge Building. In 1869 he issued a continuation of this treatise, and a fourth edition of both was published in 1883.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsHonorary Member, American Society of Civil Engineers.IMcN -
103 spittlebug
lined spittlebug цикада линейчатая, Philaenus lineatusSaratoga spittlebug пенница саратогская, Aphrophora saragotensisEnglish-Russian dictionary of biology and biotechnology > spittlebug
См. также в других словарях:
Saratoga — may refer to:PlacesIn Australia: *Saratoga, New South Wales, a coastal suburb of the city of GosfordIn the United States: *Saratoga, California, a city in Santa Clara County *Saratoga, Indiana, a town in Randolph County *Saratoga, Nebraska… … Wikipedia
Saratoga — Saltar a navegación, búsqueda El nombre Saratoga puede referirse a: la batalla de Saratoga, una batalla librada durante la guerra de la independencia estadounidense; el grupo musical Saratoga, una banda española de heavy metal; el álbum Saratoga… … Wikipedia Español
Saratoga — bezeichnet: Saratoga (Film), US amerikanische Filmkomödie von Jack Conway (1937) Saratoga (Band), spanische Heavy Metal Band Chrysler Saratoga, PKW Modell des Automobilherstellers Chrysler USS Saratoga, traditioneller Schiffsname der US… … Deutsch Wikipedia
Saratoga — Saratoga, WY U.S. town in Wyoming Population (2000): 1726 Housing Units (2000): 939 Land area (2000): 3.413356 sq. miles (8.840550 sq. km) Water area (2000): 0.188439 sq. miles (0.488054 sq. km) Total area (2000): 3.601795 sq. miles (9.328604 sq … StarDict's U.S. Gazetteer Places
Saratoga — (Пальма де Майорка,Испания) Категория отеля: 4 звездочный отель Адрес: Paseo Mallorca, 6, 0 … Каталог отелей
Saratoga — [særə təʊgə], amtlich Saratoga Springs [ sprɪȖz], Stadt im Bundesstaat New York, USA, in den südlichen Vorbergen der Adirondacks, 25 000 Einwohner; Heilbad mit Mineralquellen, die schon von den Indianern zu Heilzwecken genutzt wurden. Im… … Universal-Lexikon
Saratoga — chip (potato chip); Saratoga trunk (oldfashioned round top trunk); Saratoga water (often laxative); Saratoga vichy (imbibed in mixed drinks or as a health potion); formerly Schuylerville, New York … Eponyms, nicknames, and geographical games
Saratoga, CA — U.S. city in California Population (2000): 29843 Housing Units (2000): 10649 Land area (2000): 12.105112 sq. miles (31.352095 sq. km) Water area (2000): 0.000000 sq. miles (0.000000 sq. km) Total area (2000): 12.105112 sq. miles (31.352095 sq.… … StarDict's U.S. Gazetteer Places
Saratoga, IN — U.S. town in Indiana Population (2000): 288 Housing Units (2000): 130 Land area (2000): 0.263994 sq. miles (0.683741 sq. km) Water area (2000): 0.000000 sq. miles (0.000000 sq. km) Total area (2000): 0.263994 sq. miles (0.683741 sq. km) FIPS code … StarDict's U.S. Gazetteer Places
Saratoga, NC — U.S. town in North Carolina Population (2000): 379 Housing Units (2000): 168 Land area (2000): 0.642070 sq. miles (1.662954 sq. km) Water area (2000): 0.000000 sq. miles (0.000000 sq. km) Total area (2000): 0.642070 sq. miles (1.662954 sq. km)… … StarDict's U.S. Gazetteer Places
Saratoga, WY — U.S. town in Wyoming Population (2000): 1726 Housing Units (2000): 939 Land area (2000): 3.413356 sq. miles (8.840550 sq. km) Water area (2000): 0.188439 sq. miles (0.488054 sq. km) Total area (2000): 3.601795 sq. miles (9.328604 sq. km) FIPS… … StarDict's U.S. Gazetteer Places
