sabbath

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שַׁבָּתf. (b. h.; preced.) 1) day of rest, Sabbath.שַׁבַּת בראשית, v. בְּרֵאשִׁות. Sabb.I, 1 יציאות הש׳ the laws concerning the carrying of objects from one territory (רָשוּת) to another on the Sabbath, v. הוֹצָאָה. Ib. 2b הכא דעיקר ש׳ הוא here where the Sabbath law is the main subject. Ib. 10b מתנה … וש׳ שמה I have a precious gift in my treasury, its name is Sabbath. Ib. 119a תבלין … וש׳ שמווכ׳ we (Jews) have a certain spice, its name is Sabbath, which we put into it (the Sabbath dish), and its flavor spreads, Ib. 117b בש׳ חייב אדם לבצועוכ׳ on the Sabbath one must break bread (say the blessing) over two loaves. Ib. לעולם … להוצאת ש׳ one should always be early in making the purchases for the Sabbath. Ib. 118a עשה שַׁבַּתְּךָוכ׳, v. צָרַךְ. Ib. 119a בואו … ש׳ המלכה come ye, and let us go forth to meet queen Sabbath. Ib. b שני … בערב ש׳ מביתוכ׳ two ministering angels escort man on the Sabbath eve from the synagogue to his house; מלאך … שתהא לש׳ אחרת כךוכ׳ the good angel says, may it be thus the next Sabbath, and the evil angel says Amen against his will. Ib. לא חרבה … את הש׳ Jerusalem was destroyed for no other reason than because they desecrated the Sabbath there. Mekh. Ki Thissa לכם ש׳ מסורהוכ׳, v. מָסַר. R. Hash. IV, 1 שחל להיות בש׳ which falls on a Sabbath day; a. v. fr.Ber.28a, a. e. ש׳ של מי היתה whose Sabbath was it, i. e. whose turn to preach was it?Pl. שַׁבָּתוֹת. Sabb. l. c. אילמלי … שתי ש׳וכ׳ if Israel were to observe two Sabbaths properly, they would at once be redeemed. Yeb.93a ש׳ וימים טיבים Sabbaths and festivals; Keth.110b; a. v. fr. 2) week. Ned.VIII, 1 ש׳ זו אסור בכל הש׳ וש׳ שעברה (if one says on a Sabbath day, ‘I vow abstinence from wine) this Sabbath, he is forbidden to drink wine the whole (incoming) week and the week just expiring. Men.65b באמצע ש׳ during the week, opp. בשבת on the Sabbath day; a. fr.Pl. as ab. Is. 66a אימתי … שבע ש׳ תמימותוכ׳ when do you find seven complete weeks (between Passover and Shabuoth)? When you begin to count from the evening. Pesik. Haʿom., p. 69b> באלו שבע ש׳וכ׳ during those seven weeks between Passover ; a. fr.שַׁבָּת Sabbath, name of a treatise, of the Order of Moʿed, of the Mishnah, Tosefta, Talmud Babli and Yrushalmi.

שַׁבָּתf. (b. h.; preced.) 1) day of rest, Sabbath.שַׁבַּת בראשית, v. בְּרֵאשִׁות. Sabb.I, 1 יציאות הש׳ the laws concerning the carrying of objects from one territory (רָשוּת) to another on the Sabbath, v. הוֹצָאָה. Ib. 2b הכא דעיקר ש׳ הוא here where the Sabbath law is the main subject. Ib. 10b מתנה … וש׳ שמה I have a precious gift in my treasury, its name is Sabbath. Ib. 119a תבלין … וש׳ שמווכ׳ we (Jews) have a certain spice, its name is Sabbath, which we put into it (the Sabbath dish), and its flavor spreads, Ib. 117b בש׳ חייב אדם לבצועוכ׳ on the Sabbath one must break bread (say the blessing) over two loaves. Ib. לעולם … להוצאת ש׳ one should always be early in making the purchases for the Sabbath. Ib. 118a עשה שַׁבַּתְּךָוכ׳, v. צָרַךְ. Ib. 119a בואו … ש׳ המלכה come ye, and let us go forth to meet queen Sabbath. Ib. b שני … בערב ש׳ מביתוכ׳ two ministering angels escort man on the Sabbath eve from the synagogue to his house; מלאך … שתהא לש׳ אחרת כךוכ׳ the good angel says, may it be thus the next Sabbath, and the evil angel says Amen against his will. Ib. לא חרבה … את הש׳ Jerusalem was destroyed for no other reason than because they desecrated the Sabbath there. Mekh. Ki Thissa לכם ש׳ מסורהוכ׳, v. מָסַר. R. Hash. IV, 1 שחל להיות בש׳ which falls on a Sabbath day; a. v. fr.Ber.28a, a. e. ש׳ של מי היתה whose Sabbath was it, i. e. whose turn to preach was it?Pl. שַׁבָּתוֹת. Sabb. l. c. אילמלי … שתי ש׳וכ׳ if Israel were to observe two Sabbaths properly, they would at once be redeemed. Yeb.93a ש׳ וימים טיבים Sabbaths and festivals; Keth.110b; a. v. fr. 2) week. Ned.VIII, 1 ש׳ זו אסור בכל הש׳ וש׳ שעברה (if one says on a Sabbath day, ‘I vow abstinence from wine) this Sabbath, he is forbidden to drink wine the whole (incoming) week and the week just expiring. Men.65b באמצע ש׳ during the week, opp. בשבת on the Sabbath day; a. fr.Pl. as ab. Is. 66a אימתי … שבע ש׳ תמימותוכ׳ when do you find seven complete weeks (between Passover and Shabuoth)? When you begin to count from the evening. Pesik. Haʿom., p. 69b> באלו שבע ש׳וכ׳ during those seven weeks between Passover ; a. fr.שַׁבָּת Sabbath, name of a treatise, of the Order of Moʿed, of the Mishnah, Tosefta, Talmud Babli and Yrushalmi.

שָׁבַת(b. h.) 1) to rest, cease; esp. to observe the Sabbath, Lam. R. to V, 14 (expl. מנגינתם, ib.) מזמריהון שָׁבְתוּ they ceased from their songs. Ib. to I, 7 (ref. to משבתיה, ib.) זה … שש׳ מתוכה this refers to R. J. b. Z. who ceased from staying within her (who left Jerusalem during the siege). Snh.58b נכרי שש׳וכ׳ a gentile that rests from work (on any day) deserves death. Y.Ber.IV, 7c bot. כבר ש׳וכ׳ R. Ḥ. has already begun the Sabbath observance in his town. Y.Sabb.XV, 15a bot. שבת לה׳ שְׁבוֹת כה׳ מההקב״ה ש׳ ממאמר אף את שבות ממאמר ‘a Sabbath unto the Lord (Ex. 20:10), rest like the Lord, as God rested from speech, so do thou rest from speech (planning work). Ned.III, 10 הנודר משוֹבְתֵי שבתוכ׳ he who forswears benefit at the hands of those who rest on the Sabbath, is forbidden to receive benefits from Jews and from Samaritans; a. fr.Pes.54a אור שש׳ a light which burned during the entire Sabbath (having been kindled on the Sabbath eve). Men.21a (ref. to תשבית, Lev. 2:13) מלח שאינה שוֹבֶתֶתוכ׳ Ms. M. (ed. שובתה) a kind of salt which has no Sabbath (is generated at all times), which is Sodom salt (v. מֶלַח). 2) to stay over the Sabbath; (of scholars) to deliver the Sabbath lecture. Peah VIII, 7 ש׳ נותגין לו מזוןוכ׳ where the transient poor makes his Sabbath station, you must give him food for three meals; Sabb.118a; B. Bath.9a. Mekh. Bo, s. 16 כבר שָׂבְתוּ … ולא ש׳וכ׳ once the disciples made their Sabbath station at Jabneh, but R. J. did not stay there. Ib. ומי ש׳ שם and who lectured there?; אפשר שש׳ר׳וכ׳ is it possible that R. El. b. Az. lectured without saying something novel?; Y. Ḥag.I, beg.75d; Y.Sot.III, 18d bot.; a. fr. 3) (v. שְׁבִיתָה) to appoint a Sabbath camp as the center for Sabbath movements. Pes.III, 7 (49a) ההולך … לִשְׁבּוֹת שביתת הרשות if a person goes away from home … in order to transfer his Sabbath camp for some secular (social) purpose. Erub.51a לשוֹבְתֵי שבת for those who appoint a Sabbath camp (when on the road near the beginning of the Sabbath), v. פֵּאָה; a. fr.Part. pass. שָׁבוּת allowed to rest, abandoned. Sifra Bhar, Par. 1, ch. I (ref. to שבת הארץ, Lev. 25:6) מן חש׳ בארץ … מן השמור thou mayest (in the Sabbatical year) eat of what is abandoned in the earth (that which grows without special cultivation, manuring), but not of what is watched in the earth (of a field more than ordinarily ploughed); Yalk. Lev. 659. Hif. הִשְׁבִּית to cause to cease, remove. Y.Ber.IV, 7d bot. שתשבור ותַשְׁבִּית עולווכ׳ that thou mayest break and remove the yoke of the evil inclination ; ib. שהַּשְׁבִּיתֵהוּ מעלינווכ׳ that thou mayest remove it (the leaven of evil) from within us V. הַשְׁבָּתָה.

שָׁבַת(b. h.) 1) to rest, cease; esp. to observe the Sabbath, Lam. R. to V, 14 (expl. מנגינתם, ib.) מזמריהון שָׁבְתוּ they ceased from their songs. Ib. to I, 7 (ref. to משבתיה, ib.) זה … שש׳ מתוכה this refers to R. J. b. Z. who ceased from staying within her (who left Jerusalem during the siege). Snh.58b נכרי שש׳וכ׳ a gentile that rests from work (on any day) deserves death. Y.Ber.IV, 7c bot. כבר ש׳וכ׳ R. Ḥ. has already begun the Sabbath observance in his town. Y.Sabb.XV, 15a bot. שבת לה׳ שְׁבוֹת כה׳ מההקב״ה ש׳ ממאמר אף את שבות ממאמר ‘a Sabbath unto the Lord (Ex. 20:10), rest like the Lord, as God rested from speech, so do thou rest from speech (planning work). Ned.III, 10 הנודר משוֹבְתֵי שבתוכ׳ he who forswears benefit at the hands of those who rest on the Sabbath, is forbidden to receive benefits from Jews and from Samaritans; a. fr.Pes.54a אור שש׳ a light which burned during the entire Sabbath (having been kindled on the Sabbath eve). Men.21a (ref. to תשבית, Lev. 2:13) מלח שאינה שוֹבֶתֶתוכ׳ Ms. M. (ed. שובתה) a kind of salt which has no Sabbath (is generated at all times), which is Sodom salt (v. מֶלַח). 2) to stay over the Sabbath; (of scholars) to deliver the Sabbath lecture. Peah VIII, 7 ש׳ נותגין לו מזוןוכ׳ where the transient poor makes his Sabbath station, you must give him food for three meals; Sabb.118a; B. Bath.9a. Mekh. Bo, s. 16 כבר שָׂבְתוּ … ולא ש׳וכ׳ once the disciples made their Sabbath station at Jabneh, but R. J. did not stay there. Ib. ומי ש׳ שם and who lectured there?; אפשר שש׳ר׳וכ׳ is it possible that R. El. b. Az. lectured without saying something novel?; Y. Ḥag.I, beg.75d; Y.Sot.III, 18d bot.; a. fr. 3) (v. שְׁבִיתָה) to appoint a Sabbath camp as the center for Sabbath movements. Pes.III, 7 (49a) ההולך … לִשְׁבּוֹת שביתת הרשות if a person goes away from home … in order to transfer his Sabbath camp for some secular (social) purpose. Erub.51a לשוֹבְתֵי שבת for those who appoint a Sabbath camp (when on the road near the beginning of the Sabbath), v. פֵּאָה; a. fr.Part. pass. שָׁבוּת allowed to rest, abandoned. Sifra Bhar, Par. 1, ch. I (ref. to שבת הארץ, Lev. 25:6) מן חש׳ בארץ … מן השמור thou mayest (in the Sabbatical year) eat of what is abandoned in the earth (that which grows without special cultivation, manuring), but not of what is watched in the earth (of a field more than ordinarily ploughed); Yalk. Lev. 659. Hif. הִשְׁבִּית to cause to cease, remove. Y.Ber.IV, 7d bot. שתשבור ותַשְׁבִּית עולווכ׳ that thou mayest break and remove the yoke of the evil inclination ; ib. שהַּשְׁבִּיתֵהוּ מעלינווכ׳ that thou mayest remove it (the leaven of evil) from within us V. הַשְׁבָּתָה.

עֵירוּב, עֵר׳m. (עָרַב I) 1) interweaving, mixture, conjunction. Kinn. I, 4 שתי נשים שלקחו … בע׳ two women that bought their birds for sacrifices in common (not designating which of them belonged to the one and which to the other). Mikv. VI, 7 ע׳ מקואות in the case of two bathing reservoirs joined (a connection having formed between them); Ḥag.21b; Yeb.15a. Y.Pes.III, beg.29d על עֵירוּבוֹ for eating leavened matter in a mixture, opp. חמץ ברור; Bab. ib. 43a; a. e.Pl. עֶירוּבִין, עֵר׳. Y.Orl.II, 61d bot. Y.Bicc.II, 65a top אין הביכורין … עֵירוּבֵיהֶןוכ׳ first-fruits have no prohibitive effect on mixtures or on what has grown of them as to eating them in Jerusalem. Ib. עֵירוּבֵי בכורים mixtures of first-fruits with common ones; ע׳ מעשר mixtures of tithes with secular fruit. עירוב פרשיות an interweaving of biblical sections, clauses of one section taken over, for interpretative purposes, to a succeeding section; misplacement. B. Kam. 107a (ref. to the clause אשר יאמר … שניהם, Ex. 22:8) ע׳ פ׳ כתוב כאןוכ׳ here is a misplacement, and the words Ki hu zeh (which intimate that an oath can be administered only when the defendant admits a part of the claim) refer to the subject of loans (Ex. l. c. 24 sq.). Snh.2b אי קסבר ע׳ פ׳ … ליבעי נמי מומחין if he adopts the opinion that here is a misplaced clause (and ki hu zeh refers to loans), let him also require authorized, learned judges (אלהים)! 2) ‘Erub, a symbolical act by which the legal fiction of community or continuity is established, e. g. a) with ref. to Sabbath limits (תחומין): a person deposits, before the Sabbath (or the Holy Day), certain eatables to remain in their place over the next day, by which act he transfers his abode to that place, and his movements on the Sabbath are measured from it as the centre; b) with ref. to buildings with a common court (חצירות): the inmates contribute their share towards a dish which is deposited in one of the dwellings, by which act all the dwellings are considered as common to all (one רָשוּת), and the carrying of objects on the Sabbath from one to the other and across the court is permitted; c) with ref. to preparing meals (תבשילין) for the Sabbath on a Holy Day occurring on a Friday: a person prepares a dish on Thursday and lets it lie over until the end of the Sabbath, by which fiction all the cooking for the Sabbath which he does on the Holy Day (Friday) is merely a continuation of the preparation begun on Thursday. Erub.III, 2 השולח עֵרוּבוֹ … ביד מי שאינו מודה בע׳ if a person sends his ‘Erub (the eatables to be deposited) through a deaf mute or through one who does not believe in the Erub (e. g. a Samaritan), אינו ע׳ it is not a legal ‘Erub. Ib. 3 אין ערובו ע׳ his Erub is not legal. Ib. 5 מתנה אדם על ערובו … עֵרוּבִיוכ׳ a person may make his Sabbath centre conditional (by laying two ‘Erubs on two opposite points) and say, if gentile troops should invade from the east, my Sabbath centre shall be on the western side Ib. VI, 10 נתנו עֵרוּבָן במקוםוכ׳ if the inmates of a court placed their ‘Erub (common dish) at a certain place, but one, of the inner or of the outer court, had forgotten to contribute his share. Ib. VII, 9 בתחלת ע׳ when the common dish is in its original state; בשירי ע׳ when there are merely remnants left over. Bets.15b מי שהיה לו להניח ערובווכ׳ he who had the means to prepare and leave a dish on Thursday and does not do it; a. fr.Pl. as ab. Erub.21b בשעה שהתקין שלמה ע׳ when Solomon introduced the ‘Erub. Ib. VII, 11 עֵרוּבֵי תחומין ‘Erubs for the purpose of regulating Sabbath limits; ע׳ חצירות for the purpose of regulating the Sabbath movements of inmates of common courts. Yoma 28b קיים …אפי׳ עירובי תבשילין Abraham observed even the regulations concerning preparations for the Sabbath on a Holy Day preceding it. Bets. l. c. מי שלא היה לו להניח ע׳ תבשילין he who had not the means to prepare a dish on Thursday (v. supra). Gen. R. s. 49 אפי׳ הילכות עירובי חצירותוכ׳ Abraham knew even the laws regulating Sabbath movements among inmates of a court by means of ‘Erub; a. fr.‘Erubin, name of a treatise, of the Order of Moʿed, of the Mishnah, Tosefta, Talmud Babli and Yrushalmi.