res+rationesque

rătĭo, onis (abl. rationi, Lucr. 6, 66), f. [reor, ratus], a reckoning, account, calculation, computation.

Lit.

Sing.: Les. Nequaquam argenti ratio conparet tamen. Sta. Ratio quidem hercle adparet: argentum oichetai, Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 15 sq.:

rationem putare... bene ratio accepti atque expensi inter nos convenit,

id. Most. 1, 3, 141; 146; cf.: ad calculos vocare amicitiam, ut par sit ratio acceptorum et datorum, Cic. Lael. 16, 58:

itur, putatur ratio cum argentario... Ubi disputata est ratio cum argentario,

Plaut. Aul. 3, 5, 53 sq.:

dextera digitis rationem computat,

id. Mil. 2, 2, 49:

magna ratio C. Verruci,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 77, § 188:

direptio ejus pecuniae, cujus ratio in aede Opis confecta est,

id. Phil. 5, 6, 16; cf.:

quibus in tabulis nominatim, ratio confecta erat, qui numerus domo exisset, etc.,... Quarum omnium rerum summa erat, etc.,

Caes. B. G. 1, 29: auri ratio constat: aurum in aerario est, the account agrees, i. e. is correct, Cic. Fl. 28, 69 (v. consto):

decumo post mense, ut rationem te dictare intellego,

to make the reckoning, Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 38 (al. ductare):

rationem ducere,

to make a computation, to compute, calculate, reckon, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 52, § 129; so, rationem habere, to take an account, make a computation:

omnium proeliorum,

Caes. B. C. 3, 53; cf.:

hujus omnis pecuniae conjunctim ratio habetur,

id. B. G. 6, 19; and:

piratarum,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 28, § 71:

rationem inire,

to cast up, reckon, calculate, Caes. B. G. 7, 71, 4:

quattuor minae periere, ut ratio redditur,

Plaut. Men. 1, 3, 23; cf.:

tibi ego rationem reddam?

id. Aul. 1, 1, 6; id. Trin. 2, 4, 114:

rationem referre,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 39, § 98:

rationem repetere de pecuniis repetundis,

id. Clu. 37, 104: Py. Quanta istaec hominum summa est? Ar. Septem millia. Py. Tantum esse oportet:

recte rationem tenes,

Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 47 et saep.:

drachumae, quas de ratione debuisti,

according to the account, id. Trin. 2, 4, 24:

grandem (pecuniam) quemadmodum in rationem inducerent, non videbant,

how they should bring it into their accounts, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 41, § 106.—

Plur.: rationes putare argentariam, frumentariam, pabuli causa quae parata sunt;

rationem vinariam, oleariam, quid venierit, etc.,

Cato, R. R. 2, 5:

rationes ad aerarium continuo detuli... quas rationes si cognoris, intelleges, etc.,

Cic. Pis. 25, 61:

ut rationes cum publicanis putarent,

id. Att. 4, 11, 1:

rationes a colono accepit,

id. Caecin. 32, 94:

quid opus est? inquam. Rationes conferatis. Assidunt, subducunt, ad nummum convenit,

id. Att. 5, 21, 12:

rationes referre... rationes deferre,

id. Fam. 5, 20, 2:

Romani pueri longis rationibus assem Discunt in partes centum diducere,

Hor. A. P. 325 et saep.:

A RATIONIBVS,

an accountant, Inscr. Orell. 1494; 2973; 2986; 4173 et saep. (cf. ab).—

Transf.

A list, roll, register (rare):

cedo rationem carceris, quae diligentissime conficitur, quo quisque die datus in custodiam, quo mortuus, quo necatus sit,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 57, § 147:

rationes imperii, ab Augusto proponi solitas, sed a Tiberio intermissas, publicavit (sc. Caligula),

Suet. Calig. 16 ( = breviarium) totius imperii, id. Aug. 101 fin.:

rationarium imperii,

id. ib. 28.—

A sum, number (rare), Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 11:

nunc lenonum et scortorum plus est fere Quam olim muscarum est. Ea nimia est ratio,

id. Truc. 1, 1, 49:

pro ratione pecuniae liberalius est Brutus tractatus quam Pompeius,

Cic. Att. 6, 3, 5; cf. II. B. 1. c. infra.—

A business matter, transaction, business; also, a matter, affair, in gen. (a favorite word of Cicero):

res rationesque eri Ballionis curo,

Plaut. Ps. 2, 2, 31:

res rationesque vestrorum omnium,

id. Am. prol. 4:

re ac ratione cum aliquo conjunctus,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 70, § 172:

de tota illa ratione atque re Gallicana inter se multa communicare,

id. Quint. 4, 15:

cum (Druides) in reliquis fere rebus, publicis privatisque rationibus, Graecis utantur litteris,

Caes. B. G. 6, 14 (metaphrast. pragmasi):

ratio nummaria,

Cic. Att. 10, 11, 2:

aeraria ratio,

id. Quint. 4, 15:

ratio domestica... bellica,

id. Off. 1, 22, 76:

quod ad popularem rationem attinet,

id. Fam. 1, 2, 4:

rationes familiares componere,

Tac. A. 6, 16 fin.:

fori judiciique rationem Messala suscepit,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 51, 149; cf.:

in explicandis rationibus rerum civilium,

id. Rep. 1, 8, 13:

rationes civitatis,

id. ib. 1, 6, 11:

quantos aestus habet ratio comitiorum... nihil fallacius ratione tota comitiorum,

id. Mur. 17, 35:

propter rationem Gallici belli,

id. Prov. Cons. 8, 19; so id. ib. 8, 14, 35:

ad omnem rationem humanitatis,

id. Mur. 31, 66: in hac ratione quid res, quid causa, quid tempus ferat, tu facillime perspicies, id. Fam. 1, 7, 6 fin.:

ad eam rationem existimabam satis aptam naturam meam,

id. Att. 9, 11, A, 1.—

Pregn.: meae (tuae, etc.) rationes, my ( thy, etc.) interest, my ( thy, etc.) advantage (cf. in Engl. to find one's account in any thing):

me ad ejus rationes adjungo, quem tu in meis rationibus tibi esse adjungendum putasti,

Cic. Fam. 1, 8, 2; cf.:

exemplum meis alienissimum rationibus,

id. Corn. Fragm. 1, 7 B. and K.:

consideres, quid tuae rationes postulent,

Sall. C. 44, 5: servitia repudiabat... alienum suis rationibus existimans videri causam civium cum servis fugitivis communicasse, inconsistent with his policy or interests, id. ib. 56, 5:

si meas rationes unquam vestrae saluti anteposuissem,

Cic. Red. ad Quir. 1, 1.

Trop., a reckoning, account, computation:

postquam hanc rationem cordi ventrique edidi,

presented this reckoning, Plaut. Aul. 2, 7, 12:

itidem hic ut Acheronti ratio accepti scribitur,

i.e. things are taken only, nothing is given back, id. Truc. 4, 2, 36:

nomen (comoediae) jam habetis, nunc rationes ceteras Accipite,

an account of the rest, id. Poen. prol. 55; cf.:

census quom sum, juratori recte rationem dedi,

id. Trin. 4, 2, 30; so,

rationem dare, for the more usual rationem reddere,

Varr. L. L. 6, § 86 Mull.; Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 36, § 92 Zumpt:

(argentarii) ratione utuntur,

make a reckoning, settle up, Plaut. Cas. prol. 27:

cum eam mecum rationem puto,

go into that calculation, think over the matter, id. ib. 3, 2, 25; cf.:

frustra egomet mecum has rationes puto,

Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 54:

(Medea et Atreus) inita subductaque ratione nefaria scelera meditantes,

Cic. N. D. 3, 29, 71:

quod posteaquam iste cognovit hanc rationem habere coepit,

to make the following calculation, reflection, id. Verr. 2, 5, 39, § 101; cf.: totius rei consilium his rationibus explicavit, ut si, etc.,... si, etc.,... sin, etc., drew the plan of the whole undertaking according to the following calculation, that if, etc., Caes. B. C. 3, 78;

and herewith cf.: rationem consilii mei accipite,

id. ib. 3, 86:

ut habere rationem possis, quo loco me convenias, etc.,

that you may calculate, Cic. Fam. 3, 6, 6:

semper ita vivamus, ut rationem reddendam nobis arbitremur,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 11, § 28; cf.:

nihil est, quod minus ferendum sit, quam rationem ab altero vitae reposcere eum, qui non possit suae reddere,

id. Div. in Caecil. 9, 28;

and with this cf.: si gravius quid acciderit, abs te rationem reposcent,

will call you to account, Caes. B. G. 5, 30: clarorum virorum atque magnorum non minus otii, quam negotii rationem exstare oportere, an account must be capable of being given, Cato ap. Cic. Planc. 27, 66:

tam otii quam negotii rationem reddere majores censuisse,

Col. 11 fin.: eam condicionem esse imperandi, ut non aliter ratio constet, quam si uni reddatur, that the account is not correct unless, etc., Tac. A. 1, 6 fin.:

mirum est quam singulis diebus in urbe ratio aut constet aut constare videatur,

Plin. Ep. 1, 9, 1; 1, 5, 16 et saep.; cf. Just. praef. 5.—

Transf.

Relation, reference, respect to a thing:

(agricolae) habent rationem cum terra, quae nunquam recusat imperium,

have an account, have to do, have dealings with the earth, Cic. Sen. 15, 51; cf.:

ubi ratio cum Orco habetur,

Varr. R. R. 1, 4, 3;

for which: ubi sit cum Orco ratio ponenda,

Col. 1, 3, 2:

cum omnibus Musis rationem habere cogito,

Cic. Att. 2, 5, 2:

cum hac (muliere) aliquid adulescentem hominem habuisse rationis,

id. Cael. 20, 50; cf. id. Verr. 2, 2, 77, § 190. omnes, quibuscum ratio huic aut est aut fuit, assunt, defendunt, id. Quint. 23, 75; cf.

. quae ratio tibi cum eo intercesserat?

id. Rosc. Com. 14, 41:

pacis vero quae potest esse cum eo ratio, in quo est incredibilis crudelitas, fides nulla?

id. Phil. 4, 6, 14:

quod si habenda cum M. Antonii latrocinio pacis ratio fuit, etc.,

id. ib. 12, 7, 17:

fontes ad nostrorum annalium rationem veteres, ad ipsorum sane recentes,

in respect to our annals, id. Brut. 13, 49.—

Pregn., a respect, regard, concern, consideration, care for a thing (usu. in the connection habere and ducere alicujus rei rationem): ad hanc rationem quoniam maximam vim natura habet, fortuna proximam: utriusque omnino habenda ratio est in deligendo genere vitae, Cic. Off. 1, 33, 120:

quorum (civium Romanorum) nobis pro vestra sapientia, Quirites, habenda est ratio diligenter,

id. Imp. Pomp. 7, 17:

(deos) piorum et impiorum habere rationem,

id. Leg. 2, 7, 15:

cujus absentis rationem haberi proximis comitiis populus jussisset,

Caes. B. C. 1, 9; so,

absentis,

id. ib. 1, 32; 3, 82 fin.:

sauciorum et aegrorum habita ratione,

id. ib. 3, 75:

moneret, frumenti rationem esse habendam,

Hirt. B. G. 8, 34;

so (al. frumentandi), rationem habere,

Caes. B. G. 7, 75 Oud.; cf. id. ib. 7, 71:

alicujus vel dignitatis vel commodi rationem non habere,

Cic. de Or. 2, 4, 17: ut summae rei publicae rationem habeamus, Pompeius ap. Cic. Att. 8, 12, c, 3:

alicujus salutis rationem habere,

i. e. to regard, care for, be concerned about, Caes. B. G. 7, 71; so id. B. C. 1, 20:

turpissimae fugae rationem habere,

id. ib. 2, 31:

ut in ceteris habenda ratio non sui solum sed etiam aliorum, sic, etc.,

Cic. Off. 1, 39, 139:

proinde habeat rationem posteritatis et periculi sui,

Caes. B. C. 1, 13:

habere nunc se rationem officii pro beneficiis Caesaris,

id. B. G. 5, 27:

non ullius rationem sui commodi ducit,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 44, 128:

cum hujusce periculi tum ceterorum quoque officiorum et amicitiarum ratio,

id. Clu. 42, 117:

omnis hac in re habenda ratio et diligentia est, ut, etc.,

id. Lael. 24, 89; cf.:

didici ex tuis litteris, te omnibus in rebus habuisse rationem, ut mihi consuleres,

id. Fam. 3, 5, 1:

habeo rationem, quid a populo Romano acceperim,

bring into consideration, consider, id. Verr. 2, 5, 14, § 36:

ut habere rationem possis, quo loco me salva lege Cornelia convenias, ego veni, etc.,

id. Fam. 3, 6, 6:

neque illud rationis habuisti, eam provinciam ad summam stultitiam nequitiamque venisse,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 15, § 38; cf.:

hoc rationis habebant, facere eos nullo modo posse, ut, etc.,

id. ib. 2, 2, 29, e70.—

Relation to a thing, i. e.

Subject., course, conduct, procedure, mode, manner, method, fashion, plan, etc. (cf. consilium):

nunc sic rationem incipissam, hanc instituam astutiam, ut, etc.,

Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 82; cf. id. ib. 3, 1, 175 sqq.:

ubi cenas hodic, si hanc rationem instituis?

Plaut. Stich. 3, 1, 26; id. Truc. 1, 1, 3:

tua ratio est, ut secundum binos ludos mihi respondere incipias: mea, ut ante primos ludos comperendinem. Ita fiet, ut tua ista ratio existimetur astuta, meum hoc consilium necessarium,

Cic. Verr. 1, 11, 34; cf.:

ratio viaque defensionis,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 1, § 4:

itaque in praesentia Pompeii insequendi rationem omittit,

Caes. B. C. 1, 30:

mea autem ratio in dicendo haec esse solet, ut, etc.,

Cic. de Or. 2, 72, 292:

haec in philosophia ratio contra omnia disserendi,

id. N. D. 1, 5, 11:

dicendi,

id. Or. 32, 114; id. de Or. 3, 15, 56; cf.:

aliquot ante annis inita ratio est, ut, etc.,

id. Rep. 2, 36, 61:

ut, quo primum occurreretur, vix ratio iniri possit,

Caes. B. G. 7, 24:

quia reponendarum (tegularum) nemo artifex inire rationem potuerit,

Liv. 42, 3 fin. —In plur.:

hoc aditu laudis non mea me voluntas sed meae vitae rationes ab ineunte aetate susceptae prohibuerunt,

plan of life, Cic. Imp. Pomp. 1, 1:

de rationibus rerum publicarum aut constituendarum aut tuendarum,

id. Rep. 1, 6, 11.—

Object., relation, condition, nature, kind, sort, fashion, way, etc. (cf. modus):

sed ratio ordoque agminis aliter se habebat ac Belgae ad Nervios detulerant,

Caes. B. G. 2, 19; cf.:

ut rei militaris ratio atque ordo postulabat,

id. ib. 2, 22; so,

rei militaris,

id. ib. 4, 23:

ratio atque usus belli,

the art and practice of war, id. ib. 4, 1; id. B. C. 1, 76 fin.; 2, 18; 3, 17 et saep. al.; cf.:

novae rationes bellandi,

id. ib. 3, 50:

ratio equestris proelii,

id. B. G. 5, 16:

quorum operum haec erat ratio, etc.,

id. B. C. 1, 25; cf.: rationem pontis hanc instituit;

tigna bina, etc.,

id. B. G. 4, 17:

serpit per omnium vitas amicitia, nec ullam aetatis degendae rationem patitur esse expertem sui,

Cic. Lael. 23, 87; cf.:

ita ratio comparata est vitae naturaeque nostrae, ut, etc.,

id. ib. 27, 101; id. Ac. 2, 43, 132:

civitas (Platonis) non quae possit esse, sed in qua ratio rerum civilium perspici posset,

id. Rep. 2, 30, 52 init.; cf.:

reliqui disseruerunt de generibus et de rationibus civitatum,

id. ib. 2, 11, 22;

1, 8, 13: quam creberrimis litteris faciam ut tibi nota sit omnis ratio dierum atque itinerum meorum,

id. Fam. 3, 5, 4: quoniam eadem est ratio juris in utroque, id. Rep. 3, 12, 21; cf.:

haec eadem ratio est in summa totius Galliae,

Caes. B. G. 6, 11 fin.:

ab nostris eadem ratione, qua pridie, resistitur,

id. ib. 5, 40; id. B. C. 3, 100; cf. id. ib. 3, 101:

docet, longe alia ratione esse bellum gerendum atque antea sit gestum,

id. B. G. 7, 14:

hoc si Romae fieri posset, certe aliqua ratione expugnasset iste,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 52, ee130:

quid refert, qua me ratione cogatis?

id. Lael. 8, 26:

quod fuit illis conandum atque omni ratione efficiendum,

Caes. B. C. 1, 65 fin.; 1, 67 fin.:

simili ratione Pompeius in suis castris consedit,

id. ib. 3, 76:

auxilium ferri nulla ratione poterat,

id. ib. 1, 70:

nec quibus rationibus superare possent, sed quem ad modum uti victoria deberent, cogitabant,

id. ib. 3, 83 fin.; 3, 58; 3, 18 fin. et saep.—

With gen. of a subst. in circumlocution for the subst. itself (v. Zumpt, Gram. §

678): vereor ne oratio mea aliena ab judiciorum ratione esse videatur,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 49, ee109:

multa autem propter rationem brevitatis praetermittenda,

id. ib. 2, 1, 40, ee

103: quantas perturbationes et quantos aestus habet ratio comitiorum?

id. Mur. 17, 35:

nihil fallacius ratione tota comitiorum,

id. ib. 17, 36:

praedicere tempestatum rationem et praedonum,

id. ib. 2, 4:

tota ratio talium largitionum genere vitiosa est,

id. Off. 2, 17, 60.—

Pregn., that faculty of the mind which forms the basis of computation and calculation, and hence of mental action in general, i. e. judgment, understanding, reason: duplex est vis animorum atque natura: una pars in appetitu posita est, quae est hormê Graece, quae hominem huc et illuc rapit;

altera in ratione, quae docet et explanat, quid faciendum, quid fugiendum sit. Ita fit, ut ratio praesit, appetitus obtemperet,

Cic. Off. 1, 28, 101:

homo, quod rationis est particeps, per quam consequentia cernit, causas rerum videt earumque progressus et quasi antecessiones non ignorat, similitudines comparat rebusque praesentibus adjungit atque annectit futuras, facile totius vitae cursum videt ad eamque degendam praeparat res necessarias. Eademque natura vi rationis hominem concilia homini et ad orationis et ad vitae societatem, etc.,

id. ib. 1, 4, 11 sq.:

haud scio, an melius fuerit, humano generi motum istum celerem cogitationis, acumen, sollertiam, quam rationem vocamus, non dari omnino quam tam munifice et tam large dari, etc.,

id. N. D. 2, 27, 69:

lex est ratio summa, insita in natura, quae jubet ea, quae facienda sunt, prohibetque contraria. Eadem ratio, cum est in hominis mente confirmata et confecta, lex est,

id. Leg. 1, 6, 18:

ut, quos ratio non posset, eos ad officium religio duceret,

id. N. D. 1, 42, 118:

mens et ratio et consilium in senibus est,

id. Sen. 19, 67; cf. Liv. 28, 28:

si pudor quaeritur, si probitas, si fides, Mancinus haec attulit, si ratio, consilium, prudentia, Pompeius antistat,

Cic. Rep. 3, 18, 28; cf. id. Quint. 16, 53; and:

si ratio et prudentia curas aufert,

Hor. Ep. 1, 11, 25:

quibus in rebus temeritas et casus, non ratio nec consilium valet,

Cic. Div. 2, 41, 85; cf.:

illa de urbis situ revoces ad rationem quae a Romulo casu aut necessitate facta sunt,

id. Rep. 2, 11, 22; and:

moneo ut agentem te ratio ducat, non fortuna,

Liv. 22, 39 fin.: mulier abundat audacia;

consilio et ratione deficitur,

Cic. Clu. 65, 184:

Ariovistum magis ratione et consilio quam virtute vicisse. Cui rationi contra homines barbaros locus fuisset, etc.,

Caes. B. G. 1, 40: arma amens capio;

nec sat rationis in armis,

Verg. A. 2, 314:

rationis egens,

id. ib. 8, 299 et saep.:

iracundia dissidens a ratione,

Cic. Rep. 1, 38, 60:

majora quam hominum ratio consequi possit,

id. ib. 1, 10, 15:

quantum ratione provideri poterat,

Caes. B. G. 7, 16 fin.:

quantumque in ratione esset, exploratum habuit,

Hirt. B. G. 8, 6 init.:

nec majore ratione bellum administrari posse,

Caes. B. C. 7, 21:

minari divisoribus ratio non erat,

it was not reasonable, was contrary to reason, Cic. Verr. 1, 9, 24; so, nulla ratio est, with an objectclause, id. Caecin. 5, 15; so,

too, minime rationis est,

Col. 3, 5, 3; cf. with dat.:

Vitellianus exercitus, cui acquiescere Cremonae ratio fuit,

which, as reason dictated, ought to have rested at Cremona, Tac. H. 3, 22:

quod domi te inclusisti, ratione fecisti,

reasonably, sensibly, judiciously, Cic. Att. 12, [p. 1527] 14, 3.—

The reasonable cause of a thing, a ground, motive, reason:

ratio est causa, quae demonstrat, verum esse id, quod intendimus, brevi subjectione. Rationis confirmatio est ea, quae pluribus argumentis corroborat breviter expositam rationem,

Auct. Her. 2, 18, 28:

quid tandem habuit argumenti aut rationis res, quamobrem, etc.,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 47, § 115; cf.:

nostra confirmare argumentis ac rationibus: deinde contraria refutare,

id. de Or. 2, 19, 80:

noverit orator argumentorum et rationum locos,

id. Or. 14, 44 (v. also argumentum):

si mei consilii causam rationemque cognoverit,

id. Div. in Caecil. 1, 1; cf.:

ad eam sententiam cum reliquis causis haec quoque ratio eos deduxit, quod, etc.,

Caes. B. G. 2, 10 fin.:

quam habet rationem, non quaero aequitatis, sed ipsius improbitatis atque impudentiae?... facti, si non bonam, at aliquam rationem afferre,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 85, e196; cf.:

deinde nihil rationis affert, quamobrem, etc.,

id. Caecin. 33, 96:

non deest hoc loco copia rationum, quibus docere velitis, humanas esse formas deorum: primum quod, etc.... deinde quod, etc.... tertiam rationem affertis, quod, etc.,

id. N. D. 1, 27, 76:

et quidem, cur sic opinetur, rationem subicit,

id. Div. 2, 50, 104:

idcirco minus existimo te nihil nisi summa ratione fecisse,

id. Att. 8, 11, D, §

5: nunc non modo agendi rationem nullam habeo, sed ne cogitandi quidem,

id. Fam. 4, 13, 3:

rationes in ea disputatione a te collectae vetabant me rei publicae penitus diffidere,

id. Fam. 5, 13, 3; cf. id. Ac. 2, 36, 116:

rationibus conquisitis de voluptate et dolore disputandum putant,

id. Fin. 1, 9, 31; cf.:

quod cum disputando rationibusque docuisset,

id. Rep. 1, 16, 25:

his rationibus tam certis tamque illustribus opponuntur ab his, qui contra disputant primum labores, etc.,

id. ib. 1, 3, 4 et saep.:

num parva causa aut prava ratio est?

reason, excuse, Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 27.—

In rhet., a showing cause, argument, reasoning in support of a proposition:

ratio est, quae continet causam, quae si sublata sit, nihil in causa controversiae relinquatur, hoc modo: Orestes si accusetur matricidii, nisi hoc dicat, Jure feci, illa enim patrem meum occiderat, non habet defensionem,

Cic. Inv. 1, 13, 18:

ad propositum subjecta ratio, et item in distributis supposita ratio,

id. de Or. 3, 54, 207; cf. Quint. 3, 11, 4; 5, 14, 1; 16; 7, 8, 3.—

Reasonableness, reason, propriety, law, rule, order, conformity, etc.:

in omnibus, quae ratione docentur et via, primum constituendum est, quid quidque sit, etc.,

in a reasonable, regular manner, Cic. Or. 33, 116; cf.:

ut ratione et via procedat oratio,

id. Fin. 1, 9, 29:

modo et ratione aliquid facere (along with recte atque ordine facere),

id. Quint. 7, 28; cf.:

quae res Nec modum habet neque consilium, ratione modoque Tractari non vult,

Hor. S. 2, 3, 266:

nihil est, quod ratione et numero moveri possit sine consilio,

Cic. N. D. 2, 16, 43:

intervallis imparibus, sed tamen pro rata parte ratione distinctis,

divided proportionally by rule, id. Rep. 6, 18, 18; cf.:

ex summis et infimis et mediis interjectis ordinibus ut sonis moderata ratione civitas concinit,

in symmetrical proportion, id. ib. 2, 42, 69:

in quo defuit fortasse ratio, sed tamen vincit ipsa rerum publicarum natura saepe rationem,

order, system, id. ib. 2, 33, 57;

5, 5, 7: declinatio si cum ratione fiet,

reasonably, id. Tusc. 4, 6, 13:

ratio et distributio,

a reasonable division, Q. Cic. Pet. Cons. 1, 1.—

A theory, doctrine, or system based upon reason; science, and (less freq.), subject., knowledge:

erat enim tunc haec nova et ignota ratio, solem lunae oppositum solere deficere,

Cic. Rep. 1, 16, 25; cf.:

nova et a nobis inventa ratio,

id. ib. 1, 8, 13;

2, 39, 66: si animum contulisti in istam rationem et quasi artem,

id. ib. 1, 23, 37; cf.:

omnes tacito quodam sensu sine ulla arte aut ratione, quae sint in artibus ac rationibus recta ac prava dijudicant,

id. de Or. 3, 50, 195; id. Brut. 74, 258:

continet enim totam hanc quaestionem ea ratio, quae est de natura deorum,

id. Div. 1, 51, 117:

Epicuri ratio, quae plerisque notissima est,

doctrine, system, philosophy, id. Fin. 1, 5, 13; cf.:

Stoicorum ratio disciplinaque,

id. Off. 3, 4, 20:

Cynicorum ratio,

id. ib. 1, 41, 148; so id. Fin. 3, 20, 68: ratio vivendi... ratio civilis et disciplina populorum, the art of living... statesmanship, id. Rep. 3, 3, 4; cf.:

etiamsi cui videbitur illa in optimis studiis et artibus quieta vitae ratio beatior, haec civilis laudabilior est certe et illustrior,

id. ib. 3, 3, 4:

improba navigii ratio tum caeca jacebat,

Lucr. 5, 1004: saltationis ac musicae rationis studiosi, Col. prooem. e3 al.—Subject., knowledge:

si qua (est in me) exercitatio dicendi aut si hujus rei ratio aliqua, ab optimarum artium studiis ac disciplina profecta,

Cic. Arch. 1, 1.—

A view or opinion resting upon reasonable grounds:

mea sic est ratio,

Ter. Ad. 1, 1, 43; cf.:

inventus est nemo, cujus non haec et sententia esset et oratio, non esse metuendum, etc.... Haec cum omnes sentirent et cum in eam rationem pro suo quisque sensu ac dolore loqueretur,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 27, § 68 sq.; and with this cf. id. Att. 1, 11, 1:

cujus ratio etsi non valuit,

Nep. Milt. 3, 6 (just before: hujus cum sententiam plurimi essent secuti).—

In philos. lang., a production of proof, argumentation, reasoning: (Epicurus) tollit definitiones; nihil de dividendo ac partiendo docet;

non, quo modo efficiatur concludaturque ratio, tradit,

Cic. Fin. 1, 7, 22; cf. id. Div. 2, 10, 25; id. de Or. 2, 38, 158:

ratio ipsa coget, et ex aeternitate quaedam esse vera et ea non esse nexa causis aeternis, etc.,

id. Fat. 16, 38; cf.:

ergo, ubi tyrannus est, ibi non vitiosam ut heri dicebam, sed, ut nunc ratio cogit, dicendum est, plane nullam esse rem publicam,

id. Rep. 3, 31, 43.

quĕ (lengthened in arsis by the poets, like the Gr. te:

Faunique Satyrique,

Ov. M. 1, 193; 4, 10; 5, 484; Verg. A. 3, 91 al.), conj. enclitic [kindr. with Gr. te, ke, and Sanscr. ca, the same], a copulative particle affixed to the word it annexes. According to Dräger (Hist. Synt. Th. 3, p. 32), it is, in archaic and official language, preferred to et, from which it is distinguished by denoting a closer connection. It is used,

Singly, to effect,

Co-ordination of words,

Of cognate meaning:

fames sitisque,

Cic. Fin. 1, 11, 37:

augeri amplificarique,

id. ib. 1, 11, 38:

admirabilis incredibilisque,

id. ib. 3, 22, 74:

fuga pavorque,

Liv. 29, 25:

cibus victusque,

id. 2, 35:

concilium coetusque,

Cic. Sen. 23, 84:

res rationesque,

Plaut. Am. prol. 4:

blandimenta voluptatis otiique,

Cic. Rep. 1, 1, 1:

extremum summumque supplicium,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 66, § 169:

imperio auspicioque,

Curt. 5, 1, 1:

carus acceptusque,

Sall. J. 12, 3:

jus fasque,

Liv. 8, 5. —

Esp. in phrases like longe longeque,

Cic. Fin. 2, 21, 68; Hor. S. 1, 6, 18:

longe multumque,

Cic. Fin. 5, 14, 40:

saepe diuque,

Hor. Ep. 1, 13, 1. — With comp.:

plus plusque,

Plaut. Aul. 3, 6, 10:

magis magisque,

id. Ps. 4, 7, 116:

minus minusque,

id. Aul. prol. 18; with personal and possessive pronouns:

me meosque,

Plaut. Bacch. 8, 4, 6:

ipse meique,

Hor. S. 2, 6, 65;

and in archaic formulae: potes pollesque,

Liv. 1, 24:

vivunt vigentque,

id. 25, 38. —

Of contrasted meaning:

jus nefasque,

Hor. Epod. 5, 87: longe lateque, Naev. ap. Non. p. 503:

cominus eminusque,

Liv. 31, 24:

ultro citroque,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 66, § 170:

terrā marique,

Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 25:

ferro ignique,

Cic. Phil. 11, 14, 37:

pace belloque,

Liv. 2, 1:

belli domique,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 230:

domi ferisque,

Sall. J. 85, 3:

tempus locusque,

Liv. 1, 9:

parvis magnisque,

Plaut. Ps. 771:

floribus coronisque,

flowers loose and bound up, Curt. 4, 4, 5. —

Adding a detail or explanation (not in Cic.).

General:

fratres consanguineosque,

Caes. B. G. 1, 33:

largitiones temeritatisque invitamenta,

Liv. 2, 42:

ad tempus non venit, metusque rem impediebat,

Sall. J. 70, 5:

a fallaci equitum specie agasonibusque,

Liv. 7, 15, 7: Graeco peregrinoque sermone, Just. praef. 1. —

Special to general:

arma tantum ferrumque in dextris,

Liv. 5, 42, 8. —

General to special:

nostra consilia quaeque in castris gerantur,

Caes. B. G. 1, 17:

obsides daturos quaeque imperasset facturos,

id. ib. 4, 27:

regno fortunisque omnibus expulit,

Sall. J. 14, 2:

Baliares levemque armaturam,

Liv. 21, 55.—

Introducing an explanatory clause, and so (Liv.):

fretusque his animis Aeneas,

Liv. 1, 2:

Sabinusque,

id. 1, 45. —

In an answer (very rare):

Ain heri nos adventisse huc? Aio, adveniensque ilico me salutasti,

Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 167.—

Equivalent to quoque only in hodieque (not before Velleius):

quae hodieque appellatur Ionia,

Vell. 1, 4, 3:

quae hodieque celebres sunt,

id. 2, 8, 3:

in Abydi gymnasio colitur hodieque,

Plin. 2, 58, 59, § 150:

et hodieque reliquiae durant,

id. 8, 45, 70, § 176:

sunt clari hodieque,

Quint. 10, 1, 94. —

Connecting final member of a clause:

fauste, feliciter, prospereque,

Cic. Mur. 1, 1 fin.:

ab honore, famā fortunisque,

id. ib. 1, 1 fin.:

pacem, tranquillitatem, otium concordiamque afferat,

id. ib. 1, 1. —

In transition to a new subject or thought:

quoniamque ea natura esset hominis,

Cic. Fin. 3, 20, 67:

discriptioque sacerdotum nullum justae religionis genus praetermittit,

id. Leg. 2, 12, 30; v. Madv. ad. Cic. Fin. 3, 22, 73.—

Repeated, que... que.

Both... and (not in Cæs., once in Cic.; v. Zumpt, Gram. § 338), co-ordinating,

Similar notions:

quasque incepistis res, quasque inceptabitis,

Plaut. Am. prol. 7:

risusque jocosque,

Hor. S. 1, 5, 98.—

Contrasted notions:

meque teque,

Asin. 3, 2, 31: mores veteresque novosque tenentem, Enn. ap. Gell. 12, 4, 4:

mittuntque feruntque,

Ov. M. 12, 495:

noctesque diesque,

Cic. Fin. 1, 16, 51.—

Esp. when one or both of the words are pronouns:

seque remque publicam curabant,

Sall. C. 9, 3:

quique in urbe erant, quosque acciverant,

Liv. 1, 55:

quique exissent, quique ibi mansissent,

id. 25, 22.—

Que... que, and... and, the first que referring to a previous clause: singulasque res definimus, circumscripteque [p. 1509] complectimur, Cic. N. D. 2, 59, 147.—

More than twice.

Que... que... que:

quod mihique eraeque filiaeque erili est,

Ter. Ad. 3, 2, 3:

regnaque tristia, Divosque mortalesque turbas regit,

Hor. C. 3, 4, 46.—

Four times, Sil. 2, 444;

five times,

Verg. G. 3, 344;

seven times,

Ov. M. 9, 691.—

Followed by other conjunctions.

Que... et (not in Cic., Cæs., Suet., or Nep.):

peregrique et domi,

Plaut. Am. prol. 5:

deus, qui quae nos gerimus auditque et videt,

id. Capt. 2, 2, 63:

seque et oppidum tradat,

Sall. J. 26, 1:

illosque et Sullam,

id. ib. 104, 1:

signaque et ordines,

Liv. 2, 59; 1, 43, 2 Weissenb. ad loc.:

legatique et tribuni,

id. 29, 22:

in formulam jurisque et dicionis,

id. 26, 24:

omnes gentesque et terrae,

id. 21, 30, 2 (v. Fabri ad loc.):

Arpinique et Romani,

id. 24, 47:

seque et arma,

Curt. 8, 4, 15:

seque et delatores,

Tac. Agr. 42.—

Que... et... et:

Romanique et Macedones et socii,

Liv. 44, 29:

seque et arma et equos,

Tac. Agr. 18:

seque et domum et pacem,

id. A. 1, 4; 12, 37. —

Que... ac (rare, not earlier than Verg.):

satisque ac super,

Ov. M. 4, 429:

minusque ac minus,

Liv. 26, 17:

oculisque ac mente turbatus,

id. 7, 26:

posuitque domos atque horrea fecit,

Verg. G. 1, 182:

seque ac liberos suos,

Tac. H. 3, 63:

opibusque atque honoribus,

id. ib. 4, 34. —

Que... ac... et:

in quos seque ac conjuges et liberos condunt,

Curt. 5, 6, 17. —

Que... et... ac, Liv. 35, 41. —

Following a conjunction, et... que: paratissimi et ab exercitu reliquisque rebus, Brut. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 13, a, 5:

id et singulis universisque honori fuisse,

Liv. 4, 2 (Weissenb. et id);

occasionally in Cic. (through negligence, acc. to Madvig): igitur et Epaminondas... Themistoclesque,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 2, 4:

officia et servata praetermissaque,

id. Ac. 1, 10, 37.—

Que nearly equivalent to autem, sed..., but (not in Cæs.):

studio ad rempublicam latus sum ibique multa mihi advorsa fuere,

but there, Sall. C. 3, 3.—Mostly after a negative:

Socrates nec patronum quaesivit nec judicibus supplex fuit, adhibuitque liberam contumaciam,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 29, 71; id. Cat. 2, 13, 28 fin.:

qui non temere movendam rem tantam expectandosque ex Hispaniā legatos censerent,

Liv. 21, 6, 7:

quae neque dant flammas lenique vapore cremantur,

Ov. M. 2, 811.—

Que is usually appended to the first word of the phrase, but to a noun rather than to a monosyllabic preposition governing it, unless the preposition is repeated:

de provinciāque,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 20, § 48:

per vimque,

id. Phil. 5, 4, 10; cf.:

ab iisque,

id. Tusc. 5, 33, 94:

sub occasumque solis,

Caes. B. G. 2, 11.—

Exceptions are to be found, especially in Liv.: proque ignoto,

Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 10:

exque eo tempore,

Cic. Off. 2, 23, 80; 1, 34, 122:

inque eam rem,

id. Rosc. Am. 39, 114:

inque eo exercitu,

id. Sest. 18, 41:

inque eam rem,

Caes. B. G. 5, 36; Liv. 10, 37, 15; 40, 57, 5; Tac. A. 15, 45:

cumque eis,

Sall. C. 6, 1:

proque,

Liv. 4, 26, 9; 6, 26, 5; 30, 18, 2:

deque praedā,

id. 23, 11, 3:

perque,

id. 1, 49, 5; 3, 6, 7; 5, 36, 7:

transque,

id. 22, 41, 7:

aque,

Ov. Am. 2, 14, 30:

eque,

Verg. E. 7, 13; Val. Max. 1, 5, 3:

exque eo,

Cels. 7, 27:

perque somnum,

id. 2, 5.—And where the same preposition is repeated que is regularly joined to it:

haec de se, deque provinciā,

Liv. 26, 28, 3; 22, 59, 16; 29, 23, 10; 31, 5, 4;

38, 35, 7: de matrimonio Agrippinae, deque Neronis adoptione,

Suet. Claud. 43 init.:

per senectutem tuam, perque eam, quam, etc.,

Plaut. As. 1, 1, 3. —

Where the preposition is dissyllabic it regularly takes the que: interque eos,

Liv. 2, 20, 8; 5, 49, 7:

sine scutis sineque ferro,

Cic. Caecin. 23, 64. —

It is rarely annexed to the second word of the clause, when the first word is an adverb: tantos tam praecipitisque casus,

Cic. de Or. 3, 4, 13:

tanto tam immensoque campo,

id. ib. 3, 31, 124 al.—In class. Latin que is not appended to hic, sic, nunc, huc, etc. (v. Madv. ad. Cic. Fin. 5, 14, 40):

hucque et illuc,

Tac. A. 13, 37; 15, 38: tuncque id. ib. 6, 7 (1);

14, 15.—Que is often misplaced by the poets, especially by Tibullus and Propertius in the latter part of the pentameter: Messallam terrā dum sequiturque mari,

Tib. 1, 3, 56:

ferratam Danaes transiliamque domum,

Prop. 2, 16, 11.

cūro (old orthog. COERO and COIRO, Inscr. Orell. 31; 560; 570:

coeret, coerari, coerandi,

Cic. Leg. 3, 4, 10), āvi, ātum, 1 ( perf. subj. curassis, Plaut. Most. 2, 2, 93; id. Ps. 1, 3, 3; id. Poen. 3, 1, 50; inf. pass. curarier, id. Capt. 3, 5, 79), v. a. [cura], to care for, take or have care of, to be solicitous for, to look or attend to, trouble one's self about, etc. (very freq. in every period and species of composition); constr. with the acc., the acc. with the gerundive, the inf. with ut, ne, the simple subj., the dat. or absol.

In gen.

Of persons.

With acc.:

curare omnia studiosissime ac diligentissime,

Cic. Fam. 4, 13, 7; cf.:

diligenter praeceptum,

Nep. Eum. 9, 5:

magna di curant, parva neglegunt,

Cic. N. D. 2, 66, 167:

negotia aliena,

id. Top. 17, 66; Hor. S. 2, 3, 19:

mandatum,

Cic. Att. 5, 7 init.:

cenam,

Plaut. Rud. 4, 6, 11; cf.

opsonium,

id. Merc. 3, 3, 22:

domum,

to cleanse, Petr. 71, 7:

vestimenta curare et polire,

Dig. 47, 2, 12 pr.:

funus,

Ter. And. 1, 1, 81 Ruhnk.; cf.

in this sense, cadaver,

Suet. Ner. 49; and:

Aegyptii jussi corpus Alexandri suo more curare,

Curt. 10, 10, 13; in other connections, curare corpus means to nourish, take care of one's self, to refresh, invigorate one's self, Lucr. 2, 31; 5, 937:

nunc corpora curare tempus est,

Liv. 21, 54, 2; 3, 2, 10; 26, 48, 3; Curt. 3, 8, 22 al.;

in the same sense, membra,

Hor. S. 2, 2, 81:

cutem,

id. Ep. 1, 2, 29; 1, 4, 15:

pelliculam,

id. S. 2, 5, 38:

se,

Ter. Ad. 5, 1, 1; Cic. Phil. 9, 3, 6; id. de Or. 3, 61, 230; cf.:

se suamque aetatem,

Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 34:

virum,

Tib. 1, 5, 33; and in part. perf.:

curati cibo,

Liv. 9, 37, 7:

omnes vinoque et cibo curatos domos dimisit,

id. 34, 16, 5: vineam, to tend, Cato ap. Plin. 17, 22, 35, § 195; cf.

apes,

Col. 9, 14 et saep.:

res rationesque eri,

to superintend, Plaut. Ps. 2, 2, 32:

pensa ac domos, of the women of the family,

Mel. 1, 9, 6:

sociorum injurias,

Sall. J. 14, 19:

sublimia,

Hor. Ep. 1, 12, 15; cf. id. ib. 1, 4, 5:

preces (Diana),

id. C. S. 71:

prodigia,

to endeavor to avert, ward off, Liv. 1, 20, 7 et saep.:

munus te curaturum scio, Ut mittas mihi,

Plaut. Truc. 2, 4, 79; cf.:

aquam mulsam prope ut sit,

Varr. R. R. 3, 16, 28:

te multum amamus, quod ea (signa) abs te diligenter parvoque curata sunt,

provided, Cic. Att. 1, 3, 2; cf.

II. C. infra: ego illum cum curā magnā curabo tibi,

Plaut. Men. 5, 4, 7 and 9; so,

aliquem,

id. Stich. 1, 2, 39; 5, 3, 9; Cic. Ac. 2, 38, 121: curatur a multis, timetur a pluribus, is courted (cf. therapeuein), Plin. Ep. 1, 5, 15 et saep.—With a negative: quos peperisti ne cures, be unconcerned, Enn. ap. Serv. ad Verg. A. 9, 656; Plaut. Poen. 3, 1, 50:

alii, quasi corpus nullum sit hominis, ita praeter animum nihil curant,

care for nothing except the mind, Cic. Fin. 4, 14, 36:

viri nihil perjuria curant (with nihil metuere),

Cat. 64, 148:

non ego istuc curo, qui sit, unde sit,

Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 95: alia cura, a conversational expression (lit. trouble yourself about something else;

hence),

do not trouble yourself, never mind, id. Mil. 3, 3, 55 and 60;

and in like sense, aliud cura,

Ter. Phorm. 2, 1, 5.—

With acc. and gerundive, to cause something to be done, to order, to urge on, etc. (in good prose and very freq.;

predominant in Cæsar): pontem in Arari faciundum,

Caes. B. G. 1, 13:

obsides inter eos dandos,

id. ib. 1, 19; 3, 11;

4, 29 et saep.: buculam faciendam,

Cic. Div. 1, 24, 48:

epistulam mihi referendam,

id. Att. 8, 5, 1:

fratrem interficiendum,

Nep. Timol. 1, 4 al. —

With part. perf pass.:

inventum tibi curabo et mecum adductum Tuom Pamphilum,

Ter. And. 4, 2, 1.—

With inf. (most freq. with a negative):

ea nolui scribere, quae nec indocti intellegere possent, nec docti legere curarent,

would take the trouble, Cic. Ac. 1, 2, 4;

so negatively,

id. de Or. 1, 20, 91; id. Fam. 1, 9, 16; cf.:

nihil Romae geritur, quod te putem scire curare,

id. ib. 9, 10, 1; 3, 8, 7; Suet. Caes. 86; Hor. C. 2, 13, 39; id. Ep. 1, 17, 58; id. A. P. 133; 297; Ov. M. 11, 370; 11, 682 et saep.—Affirmatively:

si qui sunt, qui illud curent defendere,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 31, 87:

qui istas res scire curavit,

id. Fl. 27, 64:

mando tibi, uti cures lustrare,

Cato, R. R. 141:

aspice, si quid Et nos, quod cures proprium fecisse, loquamur,

Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 5; 1, 16, 17; id. A. P. 35; 460 sq.; Suet. Dom. 20; id. Gram. 24.—

With acc. and inf. pass.:

neque vero haec inter se congruere possent, ut natura et procreari vellet et diligi procreatos non curaret,

Cic. Fin. 3, 19, 62:

symbolos proponi et saxis proscribi curat,

Just. 2, 12, 2; 3, 5, 12.—

With nom. and inf.:

ego capitis mei periculo patriam liberavi, vos liberi sine periculo esse non curatis,

Auct. Her. 4, 53, 66. —

With ut, ne, or a simple subj.:

pater curabit ut, etc.,

Plaut. Am. 1, 2, 25 sq.:

si fecisset, se curaturam, ut, etc.,

Cic. Div. 1, 24, 48; Quint. 4, 2, 47; Suet. Aug. 92.—So in concluding letters: cura ut valeas, take care of yourself, be careful of your health (for which da operam ut valeas, fac valeas, et al. sim.), Cic. Fam. 7, 5, 3; 7, 6, 2; 7, 15, 2; 7, 20, 3; id. Q. Fr. 3, 4, 6; 3, 8, 6; id. Att. 1, 5, 8; 2, 2, 3 et saep.:

omnibus rebus cura et provide, ne quid ei desit,

id. ib. 11, 3, 3; Quint. 1, 1, 34; 2, 5, 24; Suet. Aug. 94 et saep.:

ne illa quidem curo mihi scribas, quae, etc.,

Cic. Fam. 2, 8, 1:

jam curabo sentiat, quos attentarit,

Phaedr. 5, 2, 6; Petr. 58, 2:

curare uti Romae ne essent,

Suet. Rhet. 1 init. —

With dat. (ante-and post-class.):

illis curandum censeo,

Plaut. Rud. 1, 2, 92; so, omnibus, Att. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1:

rebus publicis,

Plaut. Trin. 4, 3, 50:

rebus alienis,

id. Truc. 1, 2, 41:

rebus meis,

App. Mag. p. 297.—

With quod:

nam quod strabonus est, non curo,

Petr. 68, 8.—

With de:

vides, quanto hoc diligentius curem quam aut de rumore aut de Pollione,

Cic. Att. 13, 21, 3.—

Absol.:

curasti probe,

Ter. And. 5, 2, 6; cf. Plant. Rud. 2, 3, 50: abi intro;

ego hic curabo,

id. Bacch. 2, 2, 49; id. Pers. 1, 3, 5:

ubi quisque legatus aut tribunus curabat,

commanded, Sall. J. 60, 1; cf.:

in eā parte,

id. ib. 60, 5:

in postremo loco cum equitibus,

id. ib. 46, 7.—

Impers.:

curabitur,

Plaut. Capt. 3, 5, 70; id. Men. 3, 3, 15; Ter. And. 2, 3, 29:

curetur,

id. Hec. 2, 2, 15. —

Of things ( poet.):

quae causa suscipienda curarit sollemnia sacra,

Lucr. 5, 1163:

nec vera virtus Curat reponi deterioribus,

Hor. C. 3, 5, 30; with ut, Lucr. 5, 1015; 3, 127; 6, 231 Lachm.; with ne:

quod ne miremur sopor atque oblivia curant,

id. 4, 826 (822).—

In partic., t. t.

In state affairs, to take the charge of, to manage the business of, to do a thing in behalf of the state, to administer, govern, preside over, command, etc.

With acc.:

bellum maritimum curare,

Liv. 7, 26, 10; so,

Asiam,

Tac. A. 4, 36:

Achaiam,

id. ib. 5, 10:

superioris Germaniae legiones,

id. ib. 6, 30; cf. id. ib. 1, 31; cf.:

duabus his artibus... se remque publicam curabant,

Sall. C. 9, 3. —

Absol.:

Faesulanum in sinistrā parte curare jubet,

Sall. C. 59, 3; cf. id. J. 46, 7:

duo additi qui Romae curarent,

Tac. A. 11, 22.—

In medic. lang., to heal, cure.

With acc.:

an quod corpora curari possint, animorum medicina nulla sit?

Cic. Tusc. 3, 2, 4; id. Clu. 14, 40:

adulescentes gravius aegrotant, tristius curantur,

id. Sen. 19, 67; Sulp. ap. Cic. Fam. 4, 5, 5:

aegrum,

Liv. 5, 5, 12:

quadrupedes,

Quint. 2, 10, 6:

aliquem frigidis,

Suet. Aug. 81:

aliquem radice vel herbā,

Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 151 et saep.: morbos, Cels. prooem.; Quint. 2, 3, 6; Curt. 5, 9, 3; 7, 1, 22:

vulnus,

Liv. 2, 17, 4; Quint. 4, 2, 84 et saep.:

apparentia vitia,

Quint. 12, 8, 10. —Rarely, to operate:

qui ferrum medici prius quam curetur aspexit,

Quint. 4, 5, 5. —

Absol.:

medicinae pars, quae manu curat,

Cels. 7 praef.; so Quint. 2, 17, 39 al. —Hence, P. a. as subst.: cūrans, antis, m., = medicus, a physician:

plurimi sub alterutro curantis errore moriuntur,

Cels. 3, 8, 5.—Also cūrandus, i, m., the patient:

nisi festinare curandi imbecillitas cogit,

Col. 7, 2, 12.—

Trop. (ironically):

cum provinciam curarit, sanguinem miserit, mihi tradiderit enectam, etc.,

Cic. Att. 6, 1, 2:

reduviam (corresp. with capiti mederi),

id. Rosc. Am. 44, 128.—

In mercantile lang., to take care of money matters, to adjust or settle, pay, etc.:

(nummos) pro signis,

Cic. Att. 1, 8, 2; cf.:

pecuniam pro eo frumento legatis,

Liv. 44, 16, 2:

dimidium pecuniae redemptori tuo,

Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 4, 2; id. Quint. 4, 15:

me cui jussisset curaturum,

that I would make payment according to his direction, id. Fam. 16, 9, 3.— Hence, cūrātus, a, um, P. a. (acc. to I.).

Earnest, anxious (post-Aug.):

curatissimae preces,

Tac. A. 1, 13 fin.: interim me [p. 503] quidam... secreto curatoque sermone corripit, monet, etc., Plin. Ep. 9, 13, 10.—

Taken care of, managed, attended to:

boves curatiores,

Cato, R. R. 103:

sacra,

Cic. Balb. 24, 55:

nitida illa et curata vox,

Quint. 11, 3, 26.— Adv.: cūrātē, carefully, diligently; only in comp.:

curatius disserere,

Tac. A. 2, 27; 14, 21; 16, 22; Plin. Ep. 1, 1, 1.

consŭētūdo, ĭnis, f. [consuesco].

A being accustomed, custom, habit, use, usage.

In gen. (very freq. in all periods, esp. in prose):

exercitatio ex quā consuetudo gignitur,

Cic. de Or. 2, 87, 358:

dicunt... consuetudine quasi alteram naturam effici,

id. Fin. 5, 25, 74:

ad parentium consuetudinem moremque deducimur,

id. Off. 1, 32, 118; id. Mil. 1, 1; id. Clu. 38, 96:

majorum,

id. Div. in Caecil. 21, 67; cf. id. ib. 2, 5:

Siculorum ceterorumque Graecorum,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 52, § 129; id. de Or. 2, 3, 13; Caes. B. G. 1, 45; cf. id. ib. 1, 43:

eorum dierum,

id. ib. 2, 17:

non est meae consuetudinis rationem reddere, etc.,

Cic. Rab. Perd. 1, 1: con [p. 441] suetudo mea fert, id. Caecin. 29, 85:

consuetudinem tenere, etc.,

id. Phil. 1, 11, 27:

haec ad nostram consuetudinem sunt levia,

Nep. Epam. 2, 3:

contra morem consuetudinemque civilem aliquid facere,

Cic. Off. 1, 41, 148:

quod apud Germanos ea consuetudo esset, ut, etc.,

Caes. B. G. 1, 50; cf. with ut, id. ib. 4, 5:

cottidianae vitae,

Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 42:

virtutem ex consuetudine vitae sermonisque nostri interpretemur,

Cic. Lael. 6, 21; cf.:

vitae meae,

id. Rab. Perd. 1, 2;

and sermonis,

id. Fat. 11, 24; Quint. 1, 6, 45:

communis sensūs,

Cic. de Or. 1, 3, 12:

jam in proverbii consuetudinem venit,

id. Off. 2, 15, 55:

victūs,

id. Att. 12, 26, 2; Caes. B. G. 1, 31:

otii,

Quint. 1, 3, 11 al.:

peccandi,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 76, § 176; Quint. 7, 2, 44:

splendidior loquendi,

Cic. Brut. 20, 78:

loquendi,

Quint. 1, 6, 43; 11, 1, 12:

dicendi,

Cic. Mur. 13, 29; Quint. 2, 4, 16:

docendi,

id. 2, 5, 2:

vivendi,

id. 1, 6, 45:

immanis ac barbara hominum immolandorum,

Cic. Font. 10, 21; cf.:

classium certis diebus audiendarum,

Quint. 10, 5, 21 al.:

indocta,

Cic. Or. 48, 161: mala, * Hor. S. 1, 3, 36:

assidua,

Quint. 1, 1, 13:

longa,

id. 2, 5, 2:

vetus,

id. 1, 6, 43:

communis,

id. 11, 1, 12; 12, 2, 19:

vulgaris,

id. 2, 13, 11; Cic. de Or. 1, 58, 248:

bene facere jam ex consuetudine in naturam vortit,

Sall. J. 85, 9:

omnia quae in consuetudine probantur,

generally, Cic. Ac. 2, 24, 75:

negant umquam solam hanc alitem (aquilam) fulmine exanimatam. Ideo armigeram Jovis consuetudo judicavit,

the general opinion, Plin. 10, 3, 4, § 15.—

With prepp., ex consuetudine, pro consuetudine, and absol. consuetudine, according to or from custom, by or from habit, in a usual or customary manner, etc.:

Germani celeriter ex consuetudine suā phalange factā impetus gladiorum exceperunt,

Caes. B. G. 1, 52; so with ex, Sall. J. 71, 4; 85, 9; Quint. 2, 5, 1; Suet. Ner. 42 al.:

pro meā consuetudine,

according to my custom, Cic. Arch. 12, 32:

consuetudine suā Caesar sex legiones expeditas ducebat,

Caes. B. G. 2, 19; 2, 32:

consuetudine animus rursus te huc inducet,

Plaut. Merc. 5, 4, 41:

huc cum se consuetudine reclinaverunt,

Caes. B. G. 6, 27 fin.; so id. ib. 7, 24, 2; Sall. J. 31, 25 al.—Less freq.: praeter consuetudinem, contrary to experience, unexpectedly (opp. praeter naturam), Cic. Div. 2, 28, 60:

plures praeter consuetudinem armatos apparere,

contrary to custom, Nep. Hann. 12, 4; cf.:

contra consuetudinem,

Cic. Off. 1, 41, 148:

supra consuetudinem,

Cels. 2, 2.—

Esp.

Customary right, usage as a common law:

(jus) constat ex his partibus: naturā, lege, consuetudine, judicato... consuetudine jus est id, quod sine lege aeque ac si legitimum sit, usitatum est,

Auct. Her. 2, 13, 19; Cic. Inv. 2, 54, 162:

consuetudine jus esse putatur id, quod voluntate omnium sine lege vetustas comprobavit,

id. ib. 2, 22, 67; Varr. ap. Serv. ad Verg. A. 7, 601; Cic. Caecin. 8, 23; id. Div. in Caecil. 2, 5; Dig. 1, 3, 32.—

In gram. (instead of consuetudo loquendi; cf. supra), a usage or idiom of language, Varr. L. L. in 8th and 9th books on almost every page; Cic. Or. 47, 157; Quint. 1, 6, 3; 1, 6, 16; 2, 5, 2.—Hence,

In Col. for language in gen.:

consuetudini Latinae oeconomicum Xenophontis tradere,

Col. 12, praef. §

7: nostra (opp. Graeca),

id. 6, 17, 7.—

Social intercourse, companionship, familiarity, conversation (freq. and class; in an honorable sense most freq. in Cic.).

In gen.:

(Deiotarus) cum hominibus nostris consuetudines, amicitias, res rationesque jungebat,

Cic. Deiot. 9, 27; so in plur.:

victūs cum multis,

id. Mil. 8, 21; and in sing.:

victūs,

id. Or. 10, 33:

domesticus usus et consuetudo est alicui cum aliquo,

id. Rosc. Am. 6, 15; cf. id. Fam. 13, 23, 1:

consuetudine conjuncti inter nos sumus,

id. Att. 1, 16, 11:

consuetudine ac familiaritate,

id. Quint. 3, 12;

so with familiaritas,

id. Fam. 10, 3, 1:

dare se in consuetudinem,

id. Pis. 28, 68:

insinuare in alicujus consuetudinem,

id. Fam. 4, 13, 6; cf.:

immergere se in consuetudinem alicujus,

id. Clu. 13, 36:

epistularum,

epistolary correspondence, id. Fam. 4, 13, 1:

nutrimentorum,

community, Suet. Calig. 9.—

In partic., intercourse in love, in an honorable, and more freq. in a dishonorable sense, a love affair, an amour, love intrique, illicit intercourse, Ter. And. 3, 3, 28; id. Hec. 3, 3, 44; Suet. Tib. 7; id. Ner. 35; Ter. And. 1, 1, 83; 1, 5, 44; 2, 6, 8; Liv. 39, 9, 6 and 7; Quint. 5, 11, 34; Suet. Tit. 10 al.—

So also freq.: consuetudo stupri,

Sall. C. 23, 3; Suet. Calig. 24; id. Oth. 2; Curt. 4, 10, 31.

jungo, nxi, nctum, 3, v. a. [Sanscr. jug, junagmi, to unite; juk, joined; Goth. juk; O. H. Germ. joh, joch; Gr. zug, zeugnumi, zugos, zugon], to join or unite together, connect, attach, fasten, yoke, harness.

Lit.

In gen.

With acc.:

Narcissum et florem anethi,

Verg. E. 2, 48:

pontes et propugnacula,

id. A. 9, 170:

nemoris carentia sensu robora,

Claud. B. G. 17:

gradus,

to close the ranks, Sil. 4, 372:

montes,

to heap up, Val. Fl. 1, 198:

ostia,

to shut, Juv. 9, 105; cf.:

junctas quatere fenestras,

Hor. C. 1, 25, 1:

oscula,

to exchange, Ov. M. 2, 357; cf. id. Am. 2, 5, 59; Petr. 67:

da jungere dextram,

to clasp, Verg. A. 6, 697:

cur dextrae jungere dextram non datur,

id. ib. 1, 408; cf.:

quas junximus hospitio dextras,

id. ib. 3, 83;

11, 165: duos sinus,

Plin. 5, 29, 31, § 116:

juncto ponte milites transmittit,

Tac. A. 1, 49.—So with abl. of means or manner:

Ticinum ponte,

to span, Liv. 21, 45, 1:

amnem ponte,

Plin. 5, 24, 21, § 86:

ratibus flumen,

to bridge, Liv. 21, 47, 2; cf.:

qui biduo vix locum rate jungendo flumini inventum tradunt,

id. 21, 47, 6:

eo omnia vallo et fossa,

id. 38, 4, 6:

plumbum nigrum albo,

Plin. 33, 5, 30, § 94; cf.:

nam calamus cera jungitur,

Tib. 2, 5, 32:

illos defendit numerus junctaeque umbone phalanges,

Juv. 2, 46:

erga juncta est mihi foedere dextra,

Verg. A. 8, 169:

Pompei acies junxerat in seriem nexis umbonibus arma,

Luc. 7, 453. —

With dat. of indir. object:

hoc opus ad turrim hostium admovent, ut aedificio jungatur,

Caes. B. C. 2, 10 fin.:

humano capiti cervicem equinam,

Hor. A. P. 2:

mortua corpora vivis,

Verg. A. 8, 485; cf.:

his tignis contraria duo juncta,

Caes. B. G. 3, 17, 5:

se Romanis,

Liv. 24, 49, 1:

exercitum sibi,

Vell. 2, 80, 1:

socia arma Rutulis,

Liv. 1, 2, 3:

victores Germani juncturi se Pannoniis,

Suet. Tib. 17:

cervicem meam amplexui,

Petr. 86 dub. (Büch., vinxit amplexu):

dextra dextrae jungitur,

Ov. M. 6, 447; cf. Verg. A. 1, 408 supra:

aeri aes plumbo fit uti jungatur ab albo,

Lucr. 6, 1079:

juncta est vena arteriis,

Cels. 2, 10:

Comius incensum calcaribus equum jungit equo Quadrati,

drives against, Hirt. B. C. 8, 48.—

With inter se:

tigna bina inter se,

Caes. B. G. 3, 17, 3:

maxime autem corpora inter se juncta permanent, cum, etc.,

Cic. N. D. 2, 45, 115:

disparibus calamis inter se junctis,

Ov. M. 1, 712:

saltus duo alti inter se juncti,

Liv. 9, 2, 7.—

With cum:

cum Bruto Cassioque vires suas,

Vell. 2, 65, 1:

legiones se cum Caesare juncturae,

id. 2, 110, 1:

erat cum pede pes junctus,

Ov. M. 9, 44:

lecto mecum junctus in uno,

id. H. 13, 117:

digitis medio cum pollice junctis,

id. F. 5, 433:

lingua cum subjecta parte juncta est,

Cels. 7, 12, 4.—

Esp.

To harness, yoke, attach.

Of animals: angues ingentes alites juncti jugo, Pac. ap. Cic. Inv. 1, 19, 27 (Trag. v. 397 Rib.):

junge pares,

i. e. in pairs, Verg. G. 3, 169; Grat. Cyneg. 263:

nec jungere tauros norant,

Verg. A. 8, 316:

currus et quatuor equos,

id. G. 3, 114:

grypes equis,

id. E. 8, 27 Forbig.:

curru jungit Halaesus Equos,

id. A. 7, 724:

leones ad currum,

Plin. 8, 16, 21, § 54:

mulis e proximo pistrino ad vehiculum junctis,

Suet. Caes. 31.—

Of a vehicle (rare):

reda equis juncta,

Cic. Att. 6, 1, 25:

neve (mulier) juncto vehiculo veheretur,

Liv. 34, 1, 3:

juncta vehicula, pleraque onusta, mille admodum capiuntur,

id. 42, 65, 3. —

Of wounds, etc., to join, bring together, unite, heal:

ego vulnera doctum jungere Etiona petam,

Stat. Th. 10, 733:

parotidas suppuratas,

Scrib. Comp. 206:

oras (tumoris),

Cels. 7, 17, 1:

oras vulneris,

id. 5, 4, 23 al. —

Of lands, territories, etc.:

juncta pharetratis Sarmatis ora Getis,

adjoining, Ov. Tr. 4, 10, 110; cf.:

juncta Aquilonibus Arctos,

id. M. 2, 132:

quibus (campis) junctae paludes erant,

Front. Strat. 2, 5, 6; Vell. 2, 110, 4:

fundos Apuliae,

to add, join to, Petr. 77:

longos jungere fines agrorum,

Luc. 1, 167.—

To connect in time, cause to follow immediately:

cum diei noctem pervigilem junxisset,

Just. 12, 13, 7:

somnum morti,

Petr. 79:

vidit hic annus Ventidium consularem praetextam jungentem praetoriae,

Vell. 2, 65, 3:

nulla natio tam mature consino belli bellum junxit,

id. 2, 110, 5:

junge, puer, cyathos, atque enumerare labora,

Stat. S. 1, 5, 10:

laborem difficilius est repetere quam jungere,

to resume than to continue, Plin. Ep. 4, 9, 10.—So of pronunciation:

si jungas (opp. interpunctis quibusdam),

Quint. 9, 4, 108.—

Milit. t. t., of troops, an army, etc., to join, unite:

cum juncti essent,

Liv. 25, 35; 25, 37:

exercitum Pompei sibi,

Vell. 2, 80, 1:

junctis exercitious,

Vell. 2, 113, 1:

cum collegae se junxisset,

Front. Strat. 1, 1, 9; so,

exercitum,

id. ib. 1, 2, 9:

Ajacem naves suas Atheniensibus junxisse,

Quint. 5, 11, 40.—

To add, give in addition:

commoda praeterea jungentur multa caducis,

Juv. 9, 89.—

In mal. part.:

corpora,

Ov. M. 10, 464:

turpia corpora,

id. H. 9, 134: tu mihi juncta toro, id. F. 3, 511; id. R. Am. 408:

si jungitur ulla Ursidio,

Juv. 6, 41; 6, 448; cf.

Venerem,

Tib. 1, 9, 76; Ov. H. 353; id. R. Am. 407.

Transf.

In gen., of abstract things, to bring together, join, unite:

cum hominibus nostris consuetudines, amicitias, res rationesque jungebat,

Cic. Deiot. 9, 27:

omnem naturam, quae non solitaria sit... sed cum alio juncta atque conexa, etc.,

id. N. D. 2, 11, 29:

an virtus et voluptas inter se jungi copularique possint,

id. de Or. 1, 51, 122:

sapientiam junctam habere eloquentiae,

id. ib. 3, 35, 142:

indignationem conquestioni,

id. Inv. 2, 11, 36:

insignis improbitas et scelere juncta,

id. de Or. 2, 58, 237:

plura crimina junguntur,

are combined, Quint. 4, 4, 5.—

Esp.

Of persons, to join, unite, bring together, associate, in love, marriage, relationship, etc.:

cum impari,

Liv. 1, 46:

cum pare,

Ov. F. 4, 98:

alicujus filiam secum matrimonio,

Curt. 5, 3, 12:

si tibi legitimis pactam junctamque tabellis non es amaturus,

Juv. 6, 200:

juncta puella viro,

Ov. A. A. 1, 682; id. Tr. 2, 284. —Of animals, etc.:

Appulis jungentur capreae lupis,

Hor. C. 1, 33, 8:

variis albae junguntur columbac,

Ov. H. 15, 37:

unaque nos sibi operā amicos junget,

Ter. Hec. 5, 2, 32:

ut quos certus amor junxit,

Ov. M. 4, 156:

amicos,

Hor. S. 1, 3, 54:

Geminum mecum tua in me beneficia junxerunt,

Plin. Ep. 10, 26, 1:

puer puero junctus amicitia,

Ov. P. 4, 3, 12.—Esp., of a treaty, alliance, etc.:

si populus Romanus foedere jungeretur regi,

Liv. 26, 24; Just. 15, 4, 24. —

Of things, to make by joining, enter into:

pacem cum Aenea, deinde adfinitatem,

Liv. 1, 1:

nova foedera,

id. 7, 30:

cum Hispanis amicitiam,

Just. 43, 5, 3:

societatem cum eo metu potentiae ejus,

id. 22, 2, 6:

foedus cum eo amicitiamque,

Liv. 24, 48; 23, 33:

juncta societas Hannibali,

id. 24, 6:

foedera,

id. 7, 30:

jungendae societatis gratia,

Just. 20, 4, 2.—

Of words, etc., to join, unite.

Esp., gram. t. t.: verba jungere, to make by joining, to compound:

jungitur verbum ex corrupto et integro, ut malevolus,

Quint. 1, 5, 68:

in jungendo aut in derivando,

id. 8, 3, 31; so,

juncta verba,

Cic. Or. 56, 186; id. Part. Or. 15, 53.—

To connect so as to sound agreeably:

quantum interest... verba eadem qua compositione vel in textu jungantur vel in fine claudantur,

Quint. 9, 4, 15.—Hence, P. a.: junc-tus, a, um, joined, united, connected, associated:

in opere male juncto,

Quint. 12, 9, 17.— Comp.:

causa fuit propior et cum exitu junctior,

Cic. Fat. 16, 36.— Sup.:

junctissimus illi comes,

most attached, Ov. M. 5, 69:

principum prosperis et alii fruantur: adversae ad junctissimos pertineant,

their nearest of kin, Tac. H. 4, 52.

commūnĭco ( conm-), āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. ( dep. access. form, communicati sint = communicaverint, Liv. 4, 24, 2) [communis].

To divide something with one, whether in giving or receiving.

In giving, to divide a thing with one, to communicate, impart, to share; esp. freq. of imparting in discourse (very freq. in all periods); constr. usu. aliquid cum aliquo; also inter aliquos, alicui, aliquem aliquā re. cum aliquo de aliquā re and absol.

With aliquid cum aliquo:

ut si quam praestantiam virtutis, ingenii, fortunae consecuti sunt, impertiant ea suis communicentque cum proximis,

Cic. Lael. 19, 70; id. Verr. 2, 5, 47, § 125; id. Div. in Caecil. 11, 33: auxilium [p. 384] sibi te putat adjunxisse, qui cum altero rem communicat, id. Rosc. Am. 40, 116:

suam causam cum Chrysogono,

id. ib. 48, 140:

cum iis praemium communicat, hortaturque ut, etc.,

Caes. B. G. 7, 37:

civitatem nostram vobiscum,

Liv. 23, 5, 9:

causam civium cum servis fugitivis,

Sall. C. 56, 5:

at sua Tydides mecum communicat acta (i. e. me socium sumit actorum),

Ov. M. 13, 239:

consilia cum finitimis civitatibus,

to make common cause, to take common counsel, commune, consult, Caes. B. G. 6, 2:

cum plebeiis magistratibus,

Liv. 6, 11, 7; 28, 28, 5; Suet. Calig. 56:

curam doloris cum aliquo,

Cic. Fam. 5, 16, 5.—Of discourse:

homo, quocum omnia, quae me curā aliquā adficiunt, una communicem,

Cic. Att. 1, 18, 1:

ea quae didicerant, cum civibus suis communicare non poterant,

id. N. D. 1, 4, 8; id. de Or. 1, 15, 66; id. Rosc. Am. 40, 116; Caes. B. G. 6, 20 al.; so cum aliquo de aliquā re:

Pompeius, qui mecum... de te communicare solet,

Cic. Fam. 1, 7, 3:

is mecum de tuā mansione communicat,

id. ib. 4, 4, 5:

cum compluribus de ratione belli,

Suet. Tib. 18. —

Aliquid inter aliquos:

cum de societate inter se multa communicarent,

Cic. Quint. 4, 15:

socii putandi sunt, quos inter res communicata est,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 20, § 50:

ut quibus de rebus vellemus, tu tuis, ego meis, inter nos communicaremus,

id. Fam. 15, 4, 2; 11, 27, 2:

communicato inter se consilio,

Liv. 8, 25, 9 (cf. a); Suet. Dom. 7.—

Alicui aliquid, or de aliquā re (in Cic. only when the other party sharing is expressed by cum and abl.; cf.

Krebs, Antibarb. p. 250): quibus communicare de maximis rebus Pompeius consuerat,

Caes. B. C. 3, 18 (Dinter, ex conj., quibuscum):

hisque omnium domus patent victusque communicatur,

id. B. G. 6, 23 fin.;

so with redditur,

id. ib. 6, 13:

sibi communicatum cum alio, non ademptum imperium esse,

Liv. 22, 27, 8 Weissenb. ad loc.:

id aut ereptum illis est, aut certe nobis cum illis communicatum,

Cic. Brut. 73, 254; cf. id. Div. in Caecil. 4, 14 Halm ad loc.; id. Verr. 2, 5, 2, § 5; id. Rosc. Am. 49, 142; Mamert. Pan. Max. 10; Cic. Pis. 39, 94 Ascon.—

Aliquem aliquā re:

communicabo semper te mensā meā,

Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 50.—

Absol.: nonne prius communicatum oportuit? * Ter. And. 1, 5, 4; Cic. Sull. 3, 9:

et secundas res splendidiores facit amicitia et adversas partiens communicansque leviores,

id. Lael. 6, 22; Quint. 9, 2, 22:

ut ad se veniat rationesque belli gerendi communicet,

Caes. B. G. 7, 63:

consilia communicant,

id. B. C. 2, 4 fin.; cf. Sall. C. 18, 5; Suet. Aug. 75 fin.; Plin. 11, 30, 36, § 108; Quint. 9, 2, 22.—

Transf. of things: aliquid cum aliquā re, to join to an equal part, to unite:

viri, quantas pecunias ab uxoribus dotis nomine acceperunt, tantas ex suis bonis cum dotibus communicant,

Caes. B. G. 6, 19:

privabo potius illum debito testimonio, quam id cum meā laude communicem,

Cic. Ac. 2, 1, 3; id. Fam. 12, 2, 1.—

In late Lat.: cum aliquo or alicui, to have intercourse with an inferior:

ne cum peregrinis communicarent,

Just. 36, 2, 15:

malis,

with evil-disposed persons, Aug. Ep. 162:

ne communices homini indocto,

Vulg. Ecclus. 8, 5.—Also alicui rei, to take part in, Vulg. 1 Tim. 5, 22.—

In receiving, to share something with one, to lake or receive a part, to partake, participate in (also class.).

Aliquid cum aliquo:

ut me juves Conmunicesque hanc mecum meam provinciam,

Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 153; cf.:

provinciam cum Antonio,

Cic. Pis. 2, 5:

inimicitias mecum,

id. Fam. 15, 21, 2:

qui sibi cum illo rationem communicatam putat,

believes that he has all things in common with him, id. Rosc. Am. 49, 142; cf. id. ib. 48, 140; id. Div. in Caecil. 4, 14; cf. id. Verr. 2, 5, 2. § 5 Zumpt; Liv. 22, 27, 8:

haud dubitavit (Thalestris) fateri ad communicandos cum rege liberos se venisse,

Curt. 6, 5, 30 Vogel ad loc.—

Absol.:

primo labores et discrimina, mox et gloriam communicabat,

Tac. Agr. 8.—

Alicui (late Lat.):

altari Christi,

to receive the sacrament, Aug. Ep. 162; id. contra Cresc. 3, 36.—

In Tertull., acc. to communis, II., to make common, i. e. low, base, to contaminate, defile, Tert. Spect. 17; id. Patient. 8.

commūnĭco ( conm-), āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. ( dep. access. form, communicati sint = communicaverint, Liv. 4, 24, 2) [communis].

To divide something with one, whether in giving or receiving.

In giving, to divide a thing with one, to communicate, impart, to share; esp. freq. of imparting in discourse (very freq. in all periods); constr. usu. aliquid cum aliquo; also inter aliquos, alicui, aliquem aliquā re. cum aliquo de aliquā re and absol.

With aliquid cum aliquo:

ut si quam praestantiam virtutis, ingenii, fortunae consecuti sunt, impertiant ea suis communicentque cum proximis,

Cic. Lael. 19, 70; id. Verr. 2, 5, 47, § 125; id. Div. in Caecil. 11, 33: auxilium [p. 384] sibi te putat adjunxisse, qui cum altero rem communicat, id. Rosc. Am. 40, 116:

suam causam cum Chrysogono,

id. ib. 48, 140:

cum iis praemium communicat, hortaturque ut, etc.,

Caes. B. G. 7, 37:

civitatem nostram vobiscum,

Liv. 23, 5, 9:

causam civium cum servis fugitivis,

Sall. C. 56, 5:

at sua Tydides mecum communicat acta (i. e. me socium sumit actorum),

Ov. M. 13, 239:

consilia cum finitimis civitatibus,

to make common cause, to take common counsel, commune, consult, Caes. B. G. 6, 2:

cum plebeiis magistratibus,

Liv. 6, 11, 7; 28, 28, 5; Suet. Calig. 56:

curam doloris cum aliquo,

Cic. Fam. 5, 16, 5.—Of discourse:

homo, quocum omnia, quae me curā aliquā adficiunt, una communicem,

Cic. Att. 1, 18, 1:

ea quae didicerant, cum civibus suis communicare non poterant,

id. N. D. 1, 4, 8; id. de Or. 1, 15, 66; id. Rosc. Am. 40, 116; Caes. B. G. 6, 20 al.; so cum aliquo de aliquā re:

Pompeius, qui mecum... de te communicare solet,

Cic. Fam. 1, 7, 3:

is mecum de tuā mansione communicat,

id. ib. 4, 4, 5:

cum compluribus de ratione belli,

Suet. Tib. 18. —

Aliquid inter aliquos:

cum de societate inter se multa communicarent,

Cic. Quint. 4, 15:

socii putandi sunt, quos inter res communicata est,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 20, § 50:

ut quibus de rebus vellemus, tu tuis, ego meis, inter nos communicaremus,

id. Fam. 15, 4, 2; 11, 27, 2:

communicato inter se consilio,

Liv. 8, 25, 9 (cf. a); Suet. Dom. 7.—

Alicui aliquid, or de aliquā re (in Cic. only when the other party sharing is expressed by cum and abl.; cf.

Krebs, Antibarb. p. 250): quibus communicare de maximis rebus Pompeius consuerat,

Caes. B. C. 3, 18 (Dinter, ex conj., quibuscum):

hisque omnium domus patent victusque communicatur,

id. B. G. 6, 23 fin.;

so with redditur,

id. ib. 6, 13:

sibi communicatum cum alio, non ademptum imperium esse,

Liv. 22, 27, 8 Weissenb. ad loc.:

id aut ereptum illis est, aut certe nobis cum illis communicatum,

Cic. Brut. 73, 254; cf. id. Div. in Caecil. 4, 14 Halm ad loc.; id. Verr. 2, 5, 2, § 5; id. Rosc. Am. 49, 142; Mamert. Pan. Max. 10; Cic. Pis. 39, 94 Ascon.—

Aliquem aliquā re:

communicabo semper te mensā meā,

Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 50.—

Absol.: nonne prius communicatum oportuit? * Ter. And. 1, 5, 4; Cic. Sull. 3, 9:

et secundas res splendidiores facit amicitia et adversas partiens communicansque leviores,

id. Lael. 6, 22; Quint. 9, 2, 22:

ut ad se veniat rationesque belli gerendi communicet,

Caes. B. G. 7, 63:

consilia communicant,

id. B. C. 2, 4 fin.; cf. Sall. C. 18, 5; Suet. Aug. 75 fin.; Plin. 11, 30, 36, § 108; Quint. 9, 2, 22.—

Transf. of things: aliquid cum aliquā re, to join to an equal part, to unite:

viri, quantas pecunias ab uxoribus dotis nomine acceperunt, tantas ex suis bonis cum dotibus communicant,

Caes. B. G. 6, 19:

privabo potius illum debito testimonio, quam id cum meā laude communicem,

Cic. Ac. 2, 1, 3; id. Fam. 12, 2, 1.—

In late Lat.: cum aliquo or alicui, to have intercourse with an inferior:

ne cum peregrinis communicarent,

Just. 36, 2, 15:

malis,

with evil-disposed persons, Aug. Ep. 162:

ne communices homini indocto,

Vulg. Ecclus. 8, 5.—Also alicui rei, to take part in, Vulg. 1 Tim. 5, 22.—

In receiving, to share something with one, to lake or receive a part, to partake, participate in (also class.).

Aliquid cum aliquo:

ut me juves Conmunicesque hanc mecum meam provinciam,

Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 153; cf.:

provinciam cum Antonio,

Cic. Pis. 2, 5:

inimicitias mecum,

id. Fam. 15, 21, 2:

qui sibi cum illo rationem communicatam putat,

believes that he has all things in common with him, id. Rosc. Am. 49, 142; cf. id. ib. 48, 140; id. Div. in Caecil. 4, 14; cf. id. Verr. 2, 5, 2. § 5 Zumpt; Liv. 22, 27, 8:

haud dubitavit (Thalestris) fateri ad communicandos cum rege liberos se venisse,

Curt. 6, 5, 30 Vogel ad loc.—

Absol.:

primo labores et discrimina, mox et gloriam communicabat,

Tac. Agr. 8.—

Alicui (late Lat.):

altari Christi,

to receive the sacrament, Aug. Ep. 162; id. contra Cresc. 3, 36.—

In Tertull., acc. to communis, II., to make common, i. e. low, base, to contaminate, defile, Tert. Spect. 17; id. Patient. 8.

anceps (once ancipes, Plaut. Rud. 4, 4, 114; cf. Charis, pp. 67 and 96 P.; Prisc. p. 754 P.; with this form cf. procapis, Paul. ex Fest. p. 225 Müll., and Corss. Ausspr. II. pp. 398, 591; abl. sing. always ancipiti), cĭpĭtis, adj. [an-caput; cf. Paul. ex Fest. p. 19 Müll.].

Lit., that has two heads, twoheaded (cf.: biceps, praeceps, etc.;

so only in the poets): Janus,

Ov. M. 14, 334; so id. F. 1, 95 (cf.:

Janus bifrons,

Verg. A. 7, 180). —Hence also of a mountain which has two summits, two-peaked:

acumen,

Ov. M. 12, 337.—

In gen.

1.. Of an object whose qualities have significance in two respects, double, that extends on two opposite sides (while duplex is an object that exists in separate forms, twice. Thus anceps sententia is an opinion which wavers, fluctuates between two decisions, while duplex sententia is a twofold opinion):

Post altrinsecus ancipes securiculast,

the axe cuts on two sides, is two-edged, Plaut. Rud. 4, 4, 114; so, ferrum, Lucil. ap. Non. p. 245, 17, and Lucr. 6, 168:

securis,

Ov. M. 8, 397 al. —Also, poet., of the contrast between great heat and cold: Ancipiti quoniam mucroni utrimque notantur, since things are marked by double point, i. e. one at one, another at the other end, Lucr. 2, 520:

bestiae quasi ancipites in utrāque sede viventes,

amphibious animals, Cic. N. D. 1, 37;

so in the histt. freq. of an attack, a contest, etc., on two different sides,

Caes. B. G. 7, 76: ita ancipiti proelio diu atque acriter pugnatum est, double, because contending with enemies both in front and in the rear, id. ib. 1, 26 Herz.; so id. B. C. 3, 63; Nep. Them. 3, 3:

periculum,

Sall. J. 38, 5: ancipitem pugnam hostibus facere, double, as given by horse and foot, Tac. A. 6, 35:

ancipiti metu et ab cive et ab hoste,

twofold, Liv. 2, 24; so,

anceps terror,

id. 34, 21; Tac. Agr. 26:

tumultus,

Liv. 32, 30: tela, shot or hurled from both sides, id. 37, 11:

ancipitia munimenta,

on two sides, id. 5, 1 al. —

Trop., twofold:

propter ancipitem faciendi dicendique sapientiam,

Cic. de Or. 3, 16:

ancipites viae rationesque et pro omnibus et contra omnia disputandi,

id. ib. 3, 36:

adferre ancipitem curam cogitandi,

a twofold care of thought, id. Off. 1, 3, 9; so Tac. A. 2, 40:

jus anceps,

the uncertainties of law, Hor. S. 2, 5, 34 al. —

Wavering, doubtful, uncertain, unfixed, undecided (the prevalent signif. in Cic.):

anceps fatorum via,

Cic. Somn. Scip. 2:

incertus exitus et anceps fortuna belli,

id. Marcell. 5:

anceps proelii fortuna,

Tac. H. 3, 18:

oraculum,

Liv. 9, 3:

proelium,

id. 2, 62, and Tac. H. 3, 22;

so esp. freq.: ancipiti Marte pugnare,

to contend without deciding the contest, Liv. 7, 29; 21, 1 al.:

causa anceps,

Cic. de Or. 2, 44:

genus causarum anceps,

id. Inv. 1, 15, 20 (cf.: genus causarum dubium, Auct. ad Her. 1, 3:

dubium vel anceps,

Quint. 4, 1, 10):

fides,

uncertain, wavering, fidelity, Curt. 3, 8;

so also, ancipites animi,

Luc. 9, 46.—Also ellipt.: Lucanus an Apulus, anceps, doubtful whether, etc., * Hor. S. 2, 1, 34.—

Dangerous, hazaraous, perilous, critical (post-Aug.; esp. freq. in Tac.;

never in Cic.): viae,

Ov. M. 14, 438:

loca,

Nep. Dat. 7, 3:

dubiā et interdum ancipiti fortunā,

Vell. 2, 79:

anceps periculum,

Tac. A. 4, 59:

ancipites morbi corporis,

Plin. 7, 45, 46, § 149:

cujus (Antonii) operā ex ancipiti morbo convaluerat,

Suet. Aug. 59:

Ideo et purgationibus (labruscum) ancipitem putant,

Plin. 23, 1, 14, § 20:

vox pro re publicā honesta, ipsi anceps,

pernicious, Tac. H. 1, 5:

adulatio anceps si nulla et ubi nimia est,

id. A. 4, 17.—So subst., danger, hazard, peril, = periculum, discrimen:

dubiā suorum re in anceps tractus vim legionum implorabat,

Tac. A. 4, 73:

seu nihil militi seu omnia concederentur, in ancipiti res publica,

id. ib. 1, 36:

scelus inter ancipitia probatum,

id. ib. 11, 26;

14, 22: facilius inter ancipitia clarescunt,

id. G. 14:

nova ambigua ancipitia malebat,

id. H. 2, 86:

inter ancipitia deterrimum est media sequi,

id. ib. 3, 40.

► Comp., sup., and adv. not used.