rectangular+system

компонент

1) сигнал; сигнализировать, подавать сигнал

2) импульс

•

- ac signal

1) напряжение

2) потенциал

3) электродвижущая сила, ЭДС

•

- ac voltage

1) (механическое) напряжение; напряжённое состояние; условное напряжение

2) нагрузка, усилие

3) гидроудар

4) воздействие

5) нагрузка на единицу площади, интенсивность нагрузки, удельная нагрузка

•

- abrupt stress

* * *

1.   (внутреннее) усилие, внутренняя сила

2.   (механическое) напряжение

3.   нагрузка на единицу площади, интенсивность нагрузки, удельная нагрузка

- axes angle

1) компонент, составная часть; элемент

2) деталь; узел; комплектующее изделие

3) составляющая, компонента

4) ингредиент

•

- absolute component

- absolutely irreducible component

- alloy component

- arc component

- array component

- asymptotic essential component

- atomic component

- boundary component

- censored component

- complete component

- component of a vector

- component of derivative

- component of digraph

- component of game

- component of graph

- component of identity

- component of interaction

- component of response

- component of tensor

- component of the identity

- component of unity

- component of variability

- component of variance

- component of variation

- component of vector

- connected component

- constant component

- control component

- deficient component

- degenerated component

- deterministic component

- discrete component

- embedded component

- ergodic component

- error component

- essential component

- exceptional component

- executive component

- extraordinary-wave component

- floating component

- harmonic component

- homogeneous component

- horizontal component

- identity component

- imaginary component

- improper component

- independent component

- in-phase component

- integrated circuit component

- intermodulation component

- irreducible component

- isolated component

- linear component

- logical component

- miniature component

- negligible component

- nilpotent component

- nonnegative component

- nontrivial component

- nonzero component

- normal component

- parallelity component

- path component

- periodic component

- primary component

- principal component

- printed component

- quadratic component

- quadrature component

- radial component

- random component

- real component

- rectangular component

- relative component

- resistive current component

- rotational component

- sample component

- scalar component

- seasonal component

- semiproper component

- semisimple component

- sinusoidal component

- smooth component

- solid-state circuit component

- space component

- split component

- standard component

- steady component

- stiffening component

- system component

- tangential component

- tensor component

- thin-film component

- topological component

- transition component

- transitive component

- transverse component

- tree component

- trend component

- variable component

- variance component

- vector component

- vertical component

- volatile component

- weak component

1) элемент, компонент, деталь, составная часть

2) звено; блок; модуль

3) устройство, узел

4) орган

5) датчик, первичный элемент

6) элемент, параметр

•

- ace element

- antenna element

- arc element

- area element

- associative element

- atomic element

- attainable element

- basal quaternion element

- bellows element

- bihomogeneous element

- blocking element

- bound element

- brick element

- cancellable element

- characteristic element

- closed element

- combinational element

- compact element

- complementary element

- complex element

- composite element

- condensation element

- conjugate elements

- conondecomposable element

- constituent element

- contravariant element

- controlled element

- coprime elements

- covariant element

- curvature element

- curved element

- dense element

- difference element

- differential element

- directional element

- disjoint elements

- distinguished element

- distributive element

- divisible element

- double element

- dual element

- effaceable element

- einarting elements

- element in infinity

- element of a cone

- element of a fix

- element of arc

- element of area

- element of chance

- element of cone

- element of cylinder

- element of determinant

- element of distance

- element of finite order

- element of infinite order

- element of length

- element of mass

- element of path

- element of randomness

- element of set

- element of volume

- elements of orbit

- elliptic line element

- error-correcting element

- Euclid's elements

- even nilpotent element

- expanding element

- extendable element

- ferroelectric element

- field element

- final element

- fine cyclic element

- finitely convergent element

- first element

- fluidic element

- free element

- frequency element

- function element

- game element

- gas plasma display element

- generalized element

- generic element

- greatest element

- height of element

- higher order element

- homogeneous elements

- homological elements

- homotopic elements

- humidity-sensitive element

- hyperbolic line element

- hyperprimary element

- hysteretic element

- ideal element

- ideal pulse element

- idempotent element

- imaginary element

- immersion element

- imprimitive element

- improper element

- inaccessible element

- incident element

- incomparably smaller element

- incompatible element

- increasing element

- indecomposable element

- infinite element

- infinitely divisible element

- infinitely near element

- infinitely small element

- infinitesimal element

- initial element

- inseparable element

- integer element

- integral element

- integrally dependent element

- integrated element

- integrated-circuit element

- integration element

- internal element

- interpolation element

- invariant element

- inverse element

- inverse-time element

- invertible element

- involutive element

- irreducible element

- irregular element

- join-irreducible element

- join-reducible element

- key element

- last element

- leading element in determinant

- least element

- left invertible element

- left regular element

- left unit element

- left zero element

- left-algebraic element

- left-associate elements

- left-cancellable element

- left-cancellative element

- length element

- linearly independent elements

- load-bearing element

- local element

- luminous element

- machine element

- maximal element

- meet-irreducible element

- meet-reducible element

- meromorphic element

- meteorological element

- microelectronic element

- minimal element

- monogamous element

- multiplicatively independent elements

- negative element

- neighboring element

- neutral element

- neutron-sensitive element

- nilpotent element

- noncentral element

- noncircuit element

- noncomparable elements

- nonconforming element

- nondiagonal element

- nongenerator element

- noninvertible element

- nonnegative element

- nonnilpotent element

- nonreciprocal element

- nonreducible element

- nonstandard element

- nonzero element

- normed element

- null element

- optoelectronic element

- orthogonal elements

- oscillatory element

- pairwise independent elements

- parallelepiped element

- parallelogram element

- parent element

- partial branch element

- perfect element

- permutable element

- perspective element

- pivotal element

- plane element

- polygamous element

- positive element

- potentially invertible element

- primal element

- prime element

- probabilistic element

- probability density element

- probability element

- projective element

- properly nilpotent element

- pseudoindecomposable element

- pseudolinear element

- pure imaginary element

- quadrilateral element

- quantile element

- quasiinverse element

- quasiinvertible element

- quasinilpotent element

- quasiregular element

- ramified element

- random element

- rational element

- rationally dependent elements

- rationally independent elements

- real-valued element

- rectangular element

- reduced element

- redundant element

- reference-input element

- relatively prime elements

- replaceable element

- restraining element

- reversible element

- right invertible element

- right regular element

- right unit element

- right zero element

- right-algebraic element

- right-cancellable element

- right-cancellative element

- risk element

- scattered elements

- selective elements

- self-conjugate element

- self-corresponding elements

- semiregular element

- semisimple element

- sequential element

- sifted element

- sign-invariant elements

- similar elements

- simplicial element

- singular element

- small volume element

- solid state element

- sound pick-up element

- spectral element

- spherical element

- stable element

- starting element

- statistically identical elements

- stochastic element

- strictly integral element

- strictly minimal element

- strongly nilpotent element

- subdiagonal element

- subparametric element

- superdiagonal element

- superficial element

- superparametric element

- supradiagonal element

- suspension element

- symmetric elements

- symmetry element

- system element

- temperature-sensitive element

- tetrahedral element

- three-dimensional element

- torsion element

- total element

- transcendental element

- transuranium element

- triangular element

- truth element

- two-position element

- unattainable element

- unbounded element

- unipotent element

- uniquely factorizable element

- variable element

- virtually invertible element

- volume element

- vortex element

- vote-taking element

- voting element

- whole element

- zeroid element

1) граф

2) график || строить график

3) диаграмма || чертить диаграмму

4) одномерный комплекс

•

- abstract graph

- across terminal graph

- adjacency graph

- afunctional graph

- algebraic graph

- almost complete graph graph

- alternative graph

- ambiguous graph

- antibalanced graph

- antipodal graph

- antisymmetric graph

- arbitrarily traceable graph

- arbitrary graph

- arc-weighted graph

- area probability graph

- associated graph

- asymmetric graph

- augmented graph

- automaton graph

- automorphic graph

- auxiliary graph

- basic graph

- basin of graph

- biased graph

- bichromatic graph

- bicoherent graph

- bicolorable graph

- bicomplete graph

- bicubic graph

- bidegree graph

- bidirected graph

- bidirectional graph

- biplanar graph

- block graph

- bond graph

- bridge graph

- bridgeless graph

- broken-line graph

- cascade graph

- catenary graph

- cause-effect graph

- circle graph

- circuit closed graph

- circuit graph

- circuit symmetric graph

- circuit-free graph

- circuitless graph

- circulant graph

- circular-arc graph

- clique graph

- clusterable graph

- coderived graph

- coinitial graph

- column graph

- communication graph

- compact graph

- comparability graph

- comparison graph

- competition graph

- completely regular graph

- composite graph

- computer graph

- condensed graph

- conjugate graph

- contractible graph

- contrafunctional graph

- contriangulated graph

- convergent graph

- converse graph

- convex graph

- correction graph

- countable graph

- covering graph

- critical graph

- critically connected graph

- current graph

- curved graph

- cycle-balanced graph

- decomposable graph

- degenerate graph

- dense graph

- denumerable graph

- derivative graph

- descendance graph

- diametrically critical graph

- directed graph

- disconnected graph

- disjunctive graph

- divalent graph

- dotted graph

- double graph

- double logarithmic graph

- dual graph

- dually regular graph

- duobalanced graph

- edge graph

- edge-colorable graph

- edge-connected graph

- edge-critical graph

- edge-transitive graph

- edge-weighted graph

- embeddable graph

- empty graph

- entire graph

- enumerated graph

- equipathic graph

- error graph

- essential graph

- even graph

- exact graph

- expandable graph

- extended graph

- factorizable graph

- factorization of graph

- faithful graph

- feedback graph

- five-colorable graph

- five-colored graph

- fixed-point-free graph

- flexible graph

- four-colorable graph

- full line graph

- function graph

- fuzzy graph

- general graph

- generalized graph

- genetic graph

- genus of graph

- geometrical graph

- graph of distribution

- graph of equation

- graph of errors

- graph of function

- graph of game

- graph of inequality

- graph of manifold

- graph of mapping

- graph of operator

- heteromorphic graph

- hexavelent graph

- hierarchical graph

- high-low graph

- homeomorphic graph

- homeomorphically irreducible graph

- homogeneous graph

- hypercritical graph

- hyperoctahedral graph

- hyperprimitive graph

- hypoouterplanar graph

- identity graph

- implication graph

- incidence graph

- incomplete graph

- incremental graph

- indecomposable graph

- independence graph

- integrable graph

- interaction graph

- interchange graph

- intersection graph

- interval graph

- invariant graph

- inverse graph

- inverted graph

- irreducible graph

- irreflexive graph

- isolated graph

- isometric graph

- iterated graph

- knot graph

- ladder graph

- language graph

- lattice graph

- leftcentral graph

- leftcentralizing graph

- linearization graph

- line-rooted graph

- line-symmetric graph

- lobe graph

- local graph

- locally balanced graph

- locally convex graph

- logarithmic graph

- logarithmic probability graph

- loop graph

- loop-free graph

- magic graph

- marked graph

- matrix graph

- maximal graph

- metrically regular graph

- minimal graph

- minimally connected graph

- mixed graph

- multiple bar graph

- multistage graph

- multivalent graph

- mutation graph

- mutually connected graph

- n-chromatic graph

- n-colorable graph

- n-colored graph

- n-connected graph

- n-cyclable graph

- nearly regular graph

- nonbiplanar graph

- noncomplete graph

- noncritical graph

- nondirected graph

- nonfactorable graph

- nonoriented graph

- nonplanar graph

- nonseparable graph

- nonseparating graph

- nontoroidal graph

- nontransitive graph

- nontrivial graph

- normal graph

- normalized graph

- n-partite graph

- n-point graph

- nullity graph

- odd graph

- one-point graph

- operator graph

- order graph

- orderable graph

- ordinary graph

- orientable graph

- outer-embeddable graph

- overlap graph

- pair graph

- pancyclic graph

- parallax-correction graph

- partial graph

- partial order graph

- partition of graph

- partitionable graph

- path-balanced graph

- path-symmetrical graph

- pentagonal graph

- perfect graph

- permutation graph

- point-symmetric graph

- point-to-point graph

- polygonal graph

- polyhedral graph

- polyhedron graph

- population graph

- position graph

- predication graph

- preference graph

- primary graph

- probability graph

- problem-solving graph

- progressively bounded graph

- proof graph

- pruned graph

- pseudogeometric graph

- pseudonet graph

- pseudosymmetric graph

- pulse graph

- pure graph

- quadrangular graph

- quadratic lattice graph

- quadrupole graph

- quasiordered graph

- quasiseparable graph

- quotient graph

- radial graph

- radius of graph

- random graph

- rank graph

- ratio graph

- r-chromatic graph

- reconstructible graph

- rectangular graph

- red-blue graph

- reduced graph

- refutation graph

- regression graph

- regressively bounded graph

- relational graph

- representation graph

- reproduction graph

- residual graph

- resolution graph

- retractible graph

- reverse graph

- rightcentral graph

- rightcentralizing graph

- rigid cycle graph

- rigid graph

- rotated graph

- row graph

- ruled graph

- sample graph

- scattering graph

- schedule graph

- self-complementary graph

- self-conjugate graph

- self-converse graph

- self-dual graph

- self-negational graph

- semicomplete graph

- semilogarithmic graph

- seminormal graph

- semioptimal graph

- semiregular graph

- sequence graph

- series-parallel graph

- sesquivalent graph

- shift graph

- signal graph

- signed graph

- simple graph

- simply rooted graph

- single graph

- skeleton graph

- skew graph

- smoothed graph

- solenoidal graph

- solid graph

- sparse graph

- special graph

- split graph

- star graph

- statistical graph

- stochastic graph

- straight-line graph

- strength of graph

- strictly unilateral graph

- string graph

- strong graph

- strongly isomorphic graphs

- subdivision graph

- superperfect graph

- superposed graph

- symmetrized graph

- system graph

- tensor composite graph

- terminal graph

- tetrahedral graph

- thickness-minimal graph

- threshold graph

- through terminal graph

- time graph

- topological graph

- totally disconnected graph

- tough graph

- transformation graph

- transmission graph

- traversable graph

- triangle graph

- triangle-free graph

- triangular graph

- triangularly embeddable graph

- tricolorable graph

- tripartite graph

- triply connected graph

- trivalent graph

- trivially perfect graph

- two-partite graph

- two-sided graph

- two-terminal graph

- underlying graph

- unicursal graph

- unicyclic graph

- uniform graph

- unilateral graph

- unilaterally connected graph

- unimodular graph

- unipathic graph

- uniquely colorable graph

- unistor graph

- unit interval graph

- unitary graph

- unitizing graph

- universal graph

- unlabeled graph

- unoriented graph

- upper embeddable graph

- utility graph

- vectorial graph

- vertex-bichromatic graph

- vertex-chromatic graph

- vertex-colorable graph

- vertex-connected graph

- vertex-critical graph

- vertex-transitive graph

- void graph

- vortex graph

- weak graph

- weakly connected graph

- whole graph

- zero-symmetric graph

— ablation-cooled nozzle

— ablative nozzle

— accelerating nozzle

— actual nozzle

— adapted nozzle

— adjustable-area nozzle

— aerodynamic nozzle

— aerodynamically choked nozzle

— air vent nozzle

— air-reaction nozzle

— all-plastic nozzle

— angled nozzle

— annular nozzle

— apogee motor nozzle

— atomizing fuel nozzle

— atomizing nozzle

— attenuation nozzle

— auxiliary nozzle

— axial nozzle

— axlsymmetric nozzle

— bell-shaped nozzle

— blast nozzle

— blow-off nozzle

— boom nozzle

— bullet nozzle

— canted nozzle

— cascade nozzle

— center-body nozzle

— centrifugal nozzle

— ceramic nozzle

— choked nozzle

— clamshell nozzle

— closed-circuit nozzle

— close-spaced nozzles

— cold nozzle

— compressed-air nozzle

— conical-seat nozzle

— conical-wall nozzle

— constant-geometry nozzle

— constricted nozzle

— contoured nozzle

— control nozzle

— controllable-area nozzle

— convergent-divergent nozzle

— cooled nozzle

— cruciform nozzle

— curtain nozzle

— curved nozzle

— deflecting nozzle

— deflector nozzle

— diabatic nozzle

— diffusing nozzle

— discharge nozzle

— divergent nozzle

— double-eyelid nozzle

— drilled nozzle

— driving nozzle

— dual fuel nozzle

— duplex-fuel nozzle

— effluent nozzle

— ejector type nozzle

— elbow nozzle

— equivalent nozzle

— exhaust nozzle

— exit nozzle

— expandable nozzle

— expansion nozzle

— extended nozzle

— external expansion nozzle

— eyelid-type nozzle

— filler nozzle

— final nozzle

— flap-type nozzle

— fog nozzle

— forward-swiveled nozzle

— free-jet nozzle

— fuel jettison nozzle

— fuel truck nozzle

— fuel-cooled nozzle

— fuel-injection nozzle

— fuel-spray nozzle

— full-sized nozzle

— fully modulated nozzle

— fully variable nozzle

— gas-discharge nozzle

— gas-reaction nozzle

— gimbaled nozzle

— gridded nozzle

— guided nozzle

— heading-control nozzle

— high-altitude nozzle

— high-area-ratio nozzle

— high-mixing nozzle

— high-pressure nozzle

— high-temperature nozzle

— hinged nozzle

— hollow nozzle

— hot nozzle

— hypersonic nozzle

— igniter nozzle

— injection nozzle

— injector nozzle

— inlet ejector nozzle

— insert nozzle

— internal expansion nozzle

— iris nozzle

— isentropic nozzle

— jet nozzle

— Laval nozzle

— lift nozzle

— lift-device nozzle

— liquid-cooled nozzle

— low base-drag nozzle

— low-thrust nozzle

— magnetic nozzle

— metering nozzle

— mixing nozzle

— molybdenum insert nozzle

— motor nozzle

— movable nozzle

— multielement nozzle

— multiple nozzle

— multisegtnent nozzle

— multistage nozzle

— multitube nozzle

— noise-reducer nozzle

— noise-reduction nozzle

— nonadapted nozzle

— noneroding rocket nozzle

— nonexpanding exit nozzle

— normal nozzle

— offset nozzle

— omni-axis nozzle

— on/off nozzle

— optimum nozzle

— orientation nozzle

— outlet nozzle

— outwardly directed nozzle

— overexpanded nozzle

— overexpanding nozzle

— oxidizer nozzle

— parallel-flow nozzle

— petal-type nozzle

— pitch-control jet nozzle

— pitch-control nozzle

— plain nozzle

— planar nozzle

— plug nozzle

— Prandtl nozzle

— primary fuel nozzle

— primary nozzle

— probe nozzle

— propelling nozzle

— propulsion nozzle

— propulsive nozzle

— radiation-cooled nozzle

— rain remover nozzle

— RAO nozzle

— real nozzle

— rearward-facing nozzle

— rectangular nozzle

— refueling nozzle

— regeneratively cooled nozzle

— reheat nozzle

— resistojet nozzle

— return-flow nozzle

— reversal nozzle

— reverse-thrust nozzle

— ring nozzle

— rocket nozzle

— roll-control jet nozzle

— roll-control nozzle

— rotatable nozzle

— rotating-cascade nozzle

— saturated nozzle

— secondary nozzle

— segment nozzle

— self-cooled rocket nozzle

— serrated nozzle

— shaped nozzle

— shortened nozzle

— shrouded nozzle

— side-by-side nozzles

— silencing nozzle

— single-axis movable nozzle

— single-element nozzle

— six-chute nozzle

— skewed nozzle

— slotted nozzle

— slowly expanding nozzle

— sodium-cooled nozzle

— sodium-jacketed nozzle

— solid nozzle

— sonic nozzle

— sound-suppression nozzle

— spherical nozzle

— spike nozzle

— spin nozzle

— spinning plug nozzle

— splitline gimbaled nozzle

— spray nozzle

— stabilizing nozzle

— starter nozzle

— starting fuel nozzle

— straight-wall nozzle

— subsonic nozzle

— supersonic nozzle

— suppression nozzle

— suppressor nozzle

— swirl-type fuel nozzle

— swivel nozzle

— tailpipe nozzle

— threaded nozzle

— three-dimensional nozzle

— throatable nozzle

— throatless nozzle

— thrust nozzle

— thrust-chamber nozzle

— thrust-focusing nozzle

— thrust-lift nozzle

— thrust-reverse nozzle

— truncated nozzle

— turbine-exhaust nozzle

— turret nozzle

— two-dimensional nozzle

— two-element nozzle

— two-position nozzle

— two-stage nozzle

— two-stream nozzle

— uncooled nozzle

— underexpanded nozzle

— unshrouded nozzle

— vaporizing fuel nozzle

— variable-area nozzle

— vectorable nozzle

— venturi-type expansion nozzle

— wedge nozzle

— window nozzle

— wing nozzle

— xotor tip nozzle

— yaw-control jet nozzle

SUBJECT AREA: Architecture and building

[br]

[br]

[br]

The name of Le Corbusier is synonymous with the International style of modern architecture and city planning, one utilizing functionalist designs carried out in twentieth-century materials with modern methods of construction. Charles-Edouard Jeanneret, born in the watch-making town of La Chaux-de-Fonds in the Jura mountain region, was the son of a watch engraver and dial painter. In the years before 1918 he travelled widely, studying building in many countries. He learned about the use of reinforced concrete in the studio of Auguste Perret and about industrial construction under Peter Behrens. In 1917 he went to live in Paris and spent the rest of his life in France; in 1920 he adopted the name of Le Corbusier, one derived from that of his ancestors (Le Corbesier), and ten years later became a French citizen.

Le Corbusier's long working life spanned a career divided into three distinct parts. Between 1905 and 1916 he designed a number of simple and increasingly modern houses; the years 1921 to 1940 were ones of research and debate; and the twenty years from 1945 saw the blossoming of his genius. After 1917 Le Corbusier gained a reputation in Paris as an architect of advanced originality. He was particularly interested in low-cost housing and in improving accommodation for the poor. In 1923 he published Vers une architecture, in which he planned estates of mass-produced houses where all extraneous and unnecessary features were stripped away and the houses had flat roofs and plain walls: his concept of "a machine for living in". These white boxes were lifted up on stilts, his pilotis, and double-height living space was provided internally, enclosed by large areas of factory glazing. In 1922 Le Corbusier exhibited a city plan, La Ville contemporaine, in which tall blocks made from steel and concrete were set amongst large areas of parkland, replacing the older concept of city slums with the light and air of modern living. In 1925 he published Urbanisme, further developing his socialist ideals. These constituted a major reform of the industrial-city pattern, but the ideas were not taken up at that time. The Depression years of the 1930s severely curtailed architectural activity in France. Le Corbusier designed houses for the wealthy there, but most of his work prior to 1945 was overseas: his Centrosoyus Administration Building in Moscow (1929–36) and the Ministry of Education Building in Rio de Janeiro (1943) are examples. Immediately after the end of the Second World War Le Corbusier won international fame for his Unité d'habitation theme, the first example of which was built in the boulevard Michelet in Marseille in 1947–52. His answer to the problem of accommodating large numbers of people in a small space at low cost was to construct an immense all-purpose block of pre-cast concrete slabs carried on a row of massive central supports. The Marseille Unité contains 350 apartments in eight double storeys, with a storey for shops half-way up and communal facilities on the roof. In 1950 he published Le Modular, which described a system of measurement based upon the human male figure. From this was derived a relationship of human and mathematical proportions; this concept, together with the extensive use of various forms of concrete, was fundamental to Le Corbusier's later work. In the world-famous and highly personal Pilgrimage Church of Notre Dame du Haut at Ronchamp (1950–5), Le Corbusier's work was in Expressionist form, a plastic design in massive rough-cast concrete, its interior brilliantly designed and lit. His other equally famous, though less popular, ecclesiastical commission showed a contrasting theme, of "brutalist" concrete construction with uncompromisingly stark, rectangular forms. This is the Dominican Convent of Sainte Marie de la Tourette at Eveux-sur-l'Arbresle near Lyon, begun in 1956. The interior, in particular, is carefully worked out, and the lighting, from both natural and artificial sources, is indirect, angled in many directions to illuminate vistas and planes. All surfaces are carefully sloped, the angles meticulously calculated to give optimum visual effect. The crypt, below the raised choir, is painted in bright colours and lit from ceiling oculi.

One of Le Corbusier's late works, the Convent is a tour de force.

[br]