rectangular+form

shape [ʃeɪp]

forme ⇒ 1 (a)-(f) silhouette ⇒ 1 (b) façonner ⇒ 2 (a) influencer ⇒ 2 (b) prendre forme ⇒ 3

1 noun

(a) (outer form) forme f;

∎ what shape is it? de quelle forme est-ce?;

∎ the room was triangular in shape la pièce était de forme triangulaire ou avait la forme d'un triangle;

∎ a sweet in the shape of a heart un bonbon en forme de cœur;

∎ the house/garden is an odd shape la maison/le jardin a une drôle de forme;

∎ they were the same shape ils étaient de la même forme, ils avaient la même forme;

∎ each pebble is a different shape chaque caillou a une forme différente;

∎ they come in all shapes and sizes il y en a de toutes les formes et de toutes les tailles;

∎ to change shape changer de forme;

∎ she moulded the clay into shape elle façonna l'argile;

∎ he bent/beat the copper into shape il plia/martela le cuivre;

∎ my hat was knocked out of shape mon chapeau a été déformé;

∎ my pullover has lost its shape or is out of shape mon pull s'est déformé

(b) (figure, silhouette) forme f, silhouette f;

∎ vague shapes could be seen in the mist on distinguait des formes vagues dans la brume

(c) (abstract form or structure) forme f;

∎ the shape of our society la structure de notre société;

∎ she plans to change the whole shape of the company elle a l'intention de modifier complètement la structure de l'entreprise;

∎ the new technologies have changed the shape of our lives les nouvelles technologies ont changé la façon dont nous vivons;

∎ the shape of things to come ce qui nous attend, ce que l'avenir nous réserve;

∎ to take shape prendre forme ou tournure;

∎ her plan was beginning to take shape son projet commençait à se concrétiser ou à prendre forme;

∎ to give shape to sth donner forme à qch

(d) (guise) forme f;

∎ help eventually arrived in the shape of her parents ce sont ses parents qui finirent par arriver pour lui prêter secours;

∎ progress, in the shape of motorways/supermarkets le progrès que représentent les autoroutes/les supermarchés;

∎ wealth in the shape of a large house la richesse symbolisée par la possession d'une grande maison;

∎ he can't take alcohol in any shape or form il ne supporte l'alcool sous aucune forme

(e) (condition) forme f;

∎ to be in good shape (person) être en forme; (business, economy) marcher bien;

∎ to be in bad shape (person) ne pas être en forme; (business, economy) être mal en point;

∎ I'm rather out of shape je ne suis pas très en forme;

∎ I need to get (back) into shape j'ai besoin de me remettre en forme;

∎ the economy is in poor shape at the moment l'économie est mal en point actuellement;

∎ to keep oneself or to stay in shape garder la forme, rester en forme;

∎ what sort of shape was he in? dans quel état était-il?, comment allait-il?;

∎ she was in pretty bad shape (very ill, badly injured) elle était mal en point ou dans un sale état;

∎ he's in no shape to be doing this kind of work! il n'est pas en état de faire ce genre de travail!;

∎ familiar to knock or to lick sth into shape mettre qch au point^□ ;

∎ familiar I'll soon knock or lick them into shape! (soldiers) j'aurai vite fait de les dresser, moi!; (team) j'aurai vite fait de les remettre en forme, moi!

(f) (mould → gen) moule m; (→ for hats) forme f

2 transitive verb

(a) (mould → clay) façonner, modeler; (→ wood, stone) façonner, tailler;

∎ she shaped the clay into rectangular blocks elle a façonné l'argile en blocs rectangulaires;

∎ he shaped a pot from the wet clay il a façonné un pot dans l'argile;

∎ the paper had been shaped into a cone le papier avait été plié en forme de cône

(b) (influence → events, life, future) influencer, déterminer;

∎ to shape sb's character former ou façonner le caractère de qn;

∎ the war shaped her perception of the army la guerre a influencé sa perception de l'armée

(c) (plan → essay) faire le plan de; (→ excuse, explanation, statement) formuler

(d) Sewing ajuster;

∎ the jacket is shaped at the waist la veste est ajustée à la taille

3 intransitive verb

(develop → plan) prendre forme ou tournure;

∎ things are shaping well les choses se présentent bien ou prennent une bonne tournure;

∎ how is he shaping as a teacher? comment se débrouille-t-il dans l'enseignement?

➲ shape up intransitive verb

(a) (improve) se secouer;

∎ you'd better shape up, young man! il est temps que tu te secoues, jeune homme!;

∎ familiar shape up or ship out! secouez-vous sinon c'est la porte!;

∎ familiar shape up and look smart! grouille-toi!

(b) American (get fit again) retrouver la forme

(c) (progress, develop → plans, situation) prendre (une bonne) tournure;

∎ the business is beginning to shape up les affaires commencent à bien marcher;

∎ our plans are shaping up nicely nos projets prennent une bonne tournure;

∎ the new team is shaping up well la nouvelle équipe commence à bien fonctionner;

∎ they are shaping up into a good orchestra ils commencent à former un bon orchestre;

∎ how is she shaping up as a translator? comment se débrouille-t-elle ou comment s'en sort-elle en tant que traductrice?;

∎ she isn't shaping up too badly elle ne se débrouille ou ne s'en sort pas trop mal

1) (container) Kasten, der; (bigger) Kiste, die; (made of cardboard, thin wood, etc.) Schachtel, die

2)

3) (in theatre etc.) Loge, die

- academic.ru/84806/box_in">box in

(slap, punch) Schlag, der

1) (slap, punch) schlagen

2) (fight with fists)

* * *

1) (a case for holding something: a wooden box; a matchbox.) die Kiste, die Schachtel

2) (in a theatre etc, a group of seats separated from the rest of the audience.) die Loge

- Boxing day

- boxer

* * *

[bɒks, AM bɑ:ks]

I. vi boxen

▪ to \box against sb gegen jdn boxen

II. vt

1. (in match)

▪ to \box sb gegen jdn boxen

2. (slap)

to \box sb's ears jdn ohrfeigen

III. n Schlag m

to give sb a \box on the ears jdm eine Ohrfeige geben

[bɒks, AM bɑ:ks]

I. n

1. (container) Kiste f

ballot \box Wahlurne f

cardboard \box Karton m

chocolate \box Pralinenschachtel f

\box of cigars Schachtel f Zigarren

a \box of cookies eine Dose Kekse

\box of matches Streichholzschachtel f, Zündholzschachtel f SCHWEIZ

tool \box Werkzeugkasten m

witness \box BRIT LAW Zeugenstand m

wooden \box Holzkiste f

2. (rectangular space) Kästchen nt, Feld nt

3. (small space)

telephone \box Telefonzelle f

their new house is just a \box ihr neues Haus ist eigentlich nur so groß wie ein Schuhkarton

4. (in theatre) Loge f

5. BRIT, AUS SPORT (protective equipment) Suspensorium nt

6. ( fam: television)

▪ the \box die [Flimmer]kiste fam, der Kasten fam, die Glotze sl

▶ to go outside the \box AM einen neuen Weg einschlagen

▶ to think outside the \box nicht nach Schema F denken, unkonventionell sein [o denken

II. vt

1. (place in box)

▪ to \box sth [up] etw in einen Karton legen; (wrap) etw [in einen Karton/eine Schachtel] verpacken

2. NAUT

to \box the compass alle Kompasspunkte der Reihe nach aufzählen; (change direction) eine Kehrtwendung machen

[bɒks, AM bɑ:ks]

n no pl (tree) Buchsbaum m

* * *

1. vi (SPORT)

2. vt (SPORT)

3. n

n (BOT)

1. n

1) (made of wood or strong cardboard) Kiste f; (= cardboard box) Karton m; (made of light cardboard, = matchbox) Schachtel f; (= snuffbox, cigarette box etc, biscuit tin) Dose f; (of crackers, chocolates etc) Packung f, Schachtel f; (= jewellery box) Schatulle f, Kasten m; (= tool box) (Werkzeug)kasten m; (= ballot box) Urne f; (= money box, with lid and lock) Kassette f; (for saving) Sparbüchse or -dose f; (= collection box) (Sammel)büchse f; (in church) Opferbüchse f; (fixed to wall etc) Opferstock m; (Brit, old, = trunk) (Schrank)koffer m;

2) (on form) Kästchen nt; (on newspaper page) Kasten m; (BASEBALL) Box f; (FOOTBALL) Strafraum m; (in road junction) gelb schraffierter Kreuzungsbereich

3) (THEAT) Loge f; (= jury box) Geschworenenbank f; (= witness box) Zeugenstand m; (= press box) Pressekabine f; (outside) Pressetribüne f; (in court) Pressebank f

4) (TECH: housing) Gehäuse nt

5) (building = sentry box) Schilderhaus nt; (= signal box) Häuschen nt; (= hunting box) (Jagd)hütte f

6) (= horse box) Box f

7) (Brit: pillar box) (Brief)kasten m

8) (Brit: phone box) Zelle f

9) (esp Brit inf = TV) Glotze f (inf), Glotzkasten m (inf)

10) (Brit: gift of money) Geldgeschenk nt

11) (on stagecoach) (Kutsch)bock m

2. vt

1) goods etc (in eine(r) Schachtel etc) verpacken

2)

* * *

box¹ [bɒks; US bɑks]

A s

1. Kasten m, Kiste f (auch umg Sarg):

be in a box US umg in der Klemme sein oder sitzen oder stecken; → brick A 2

2. Schachtel f:

box of chocolates Bonbonniere f

3. Büchse f, Dose f, Kästchen n, Etui n

4. Behälter m, (auch Buch-, Film- etc)Kassette f

5. TECH Gehäuse n, Kapsel f, Muffe f, Hülse f

6. Br obs (Schrank)Koffer m

7. Fach n (für Briefe etc)

8. a) (Brief)Kasten m

b) (Post)Fach n;

9. (Wahl)Urne f

10. Br (Telefon-, Fernsprech)Zelle f

11. → Christmas box

12. → box junction

13. Br (Jagd)Hütte f

14. HIST (Kutsch-, Wagen)Kasten m

15. a) BAHN (Signal)Häuschen n

b) MIL (Schilder)Häuschen n;

16. Box f (in einem Restaurant etc)

17. THEAT etc Loge f

18. JUR

a) (Zeugen)Stand m

b) (Geschworenen)Bank f;

19. Box f:

a) Pferdestand, in dem sich das Pferd frei bewegen kann

b) durch Zwischenwände abgeteilter Einstellplatz in einer Großgarage;

20. SCHIFF Bootsführerplatz m

21. TYPO

a) Fach n (im Schriftkasten)

b) Kasten m (vom Hauptteil abgesetzt eingerahmter Text)

c) Kästchen n (auf Formularen, zum Ankreuzen)

d) Bild(einheit) n(f) (in Comicstrips)

e) → box number

f) allg Rubrik f, Feld n;

22. Gießerei: (Form-, Gieß)Kasten m

23. TECH Bohrspindel f (eines Vollbohrers)

24. TECH (Pumpen)Stiefel m, Röhre f

25. TECH (Weberschiffchen)Kasten m

26. SCHIFF (Kompass)Gehäuse n

27. Aushöhlung f (eines Baumes) (zum Saftsammeln)

28. Fußball: umg Strafraum m

29. umg

a) Kasten m (Fernseher)

b) Fernsehen n:

on the box im Fernsehen;

B v/t

1. oft box in ( oder up) in Schachteln oder Kästen etc packen oder legen, ver-, einpacken

2. oft box up einschließen, -sperren:

feel boxed up sich beengt fühlen

3. oft box in ( oder up)

a) SPORT einen Läufer etc einschließen,

b) ein parkendes Fahrzeug einklemmen

4. oft box off abteilen, abtrennen ( beide:

from von)

5. Farben etc von Dose zu Dose mischen

6. meist box out ( oder up) ARCH (mit Holz) verschalen

7. Blumen etc in Kästen oder Kübel pflanzen

8. Bäume anzapfen

9. TECH ausbuchsen, mit einer Achsbuchse versehen

10. box the compass

a) SCHIFF die Kompasspunkte der Reihe nach aufzählen,

b) fig eine völlige Kehrtwendung machen

11. → boxhaul

12. umg im Fernsehen bringen

box² [bɒks; US bɑks]

A s box on the ears Ohrfeige f:

give sb a box on the ears → B 1

B v/t

1. box sb’s ears jemandem eine Ohrfeige geben, jemanden ohrfeigen

2. SPORT boxen mit jemandem oder gegen jemanden

C v/i SPORT boxen

box³ [bɒks; US bɑks] s

1. BOT Buchs (-baum) m

2. Buchsbaum(holz) m(n)

bx. (bxs.) abk WIRTSCH box ( boxes pl)

* * *

1) (container) Kasten, der; (bigger) Kiste, die; (made of cardboard, thin wood, etc.) Schachtel, die

2)

3) (in theatre etc.) Loge, die

- box in

(slap, punch) Schlag, der

1) (slap, punch) schlagen

2) (fight with fists)

* * *

Büchse -n f.

Dose -n f.

Gehäuse - n.

Kasten - m.

Kiste -n f.

Schachtel f. v.

boxen v.

SUBJECT AREA: Architecture and building

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The name of Le Corbusier is synonymous with the International style of modern architecture and city planning, one utilizing functionalist designs carried out in twentieth-century materials with modern methods of construction. Charles-Edouard Jeanneret, born in the watch-making town of La Chaux-de-Fonds in the Jura mountain region, was the son of a watch engraver and dial painter. In the years before 1918 he travelled widely, studying building in many countries. He learned about the use of reinforced concrete in the studio of Auguste Perret and about industrial construction under Peter Behrens. In 1917 he went to live in Paris and spent the rest of his life in France; in 1920 he adopted the name of Le Corbusier, one derived from that of his ancestors (Le Corbesier), and ten years later became a French citizen.

Le Corbusier's long working life spanned a career divided into three distinct parts. Between 1905 and 1916 he designed a number of simple and increasingly modern houses; the years 1921 to 1940 were ones of research and debate; and the twenty years from 1945 saw the blossoming of his genius. After 1917 Le Corbusier gained a reputation in Paris as an architect of advanced originality. He was particularly interested in low-cost housing and in improving accommodation for the poor. In 1923 he published Vers une architecture, in which he planned estates of mass-produced houses where all extraneous and unnecessary features were stripped away and the houses had flat roofs and plain walls: his concept of "a machine for living in". These white boxes were lifted up on stilts, his pilotis, and double-height living space was provided internally, enclosed by large areas of factory glazing. In 1922 Le Corbusier exhibited a city plan, La Ville contemporaine, in which tall blocks made from steel and concrete were set amongst large areas of parkland, replacing the older concept of city slums with the light and air of modern living. In 1925 he published Urbanisme, further developing his socialist ideals. These constituted a major reform of the industrial-city pattern, but the ideas were not taken up at that time. The Depression years of the 1930s severely curtailed architectural activity in France. Le Corbusier designed houses for the wealthy there, but most of his work prior to 1945 was overseas: his Centrosoyus Administration Building in Moscow (1929–36) and the Ministry of Education Building in Rio de Janeiro (1943) are examples. Immediately after the end of the Second World War Le Corbusier won international fame for his Unité d'habitation theme, the first example of which was built in the boulevard Michelet in Marseille in 1947–52. His answer to the problem of accommodating large numbers of people in a small space at low cost was to construct an immense all-purpose block of pre-cast concrete slabs carried on a row of massive central supports. The Marseille Unité contains 350 apartments in eight double storeys, with a storey for shops half-way up and communal facilities on the roof. In 1950 he published Le Modular, which described a system of measurement based upon the human male figure. From this was derived a relationship of human and mathematical proportions; this concept, together with the extensive use of various forms of concrete, was fundamental to Le Corbusier's later work. In the world-famous and highly personal Pilgrimage Church of Notre Dame du Haut at Ronchamp (1950–5), Le Corbusier's work was in Expressionist form, a plastic design in massive rough-cast concrete, its interior brilliantly designed and lit. His other equally famous, though less popular, ecclesiastical commission showed a contrasting theme, of "brutalist" concrete construction with uncompromisingly stark, rectangular forms. This is the Dominican Convent of Sainte Marie de la Tourette at Eveux-sur-l'Arbresle near Lyon, begun in 1956. The interior, in particular, is carefully worked out, and the lighting, from both natural and artificial sources, is indirect, angled in many directions to illuminate vistas and planes. All surfaces are carefully sloped, the angles meticulously calculated to give optimum visual effect. The crypt, below the raised choir, is painted in bright colours and lit from ceiling oculi.

One of Le Corbusier's late works, the Convent is a tour de force.

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1) горн. группа камер, отделённая от остальных выработок целиками

2) панель ( конструкции)

3) панель ( обшивки); филёнка || обшивать панелями; отделывать филёнками

4) панель управления; пульт( управления)

5) распределительный щит

6) электрон., эл. стенд

7) (информационное) табло

8) электрон. плата; панель

9) желобок ( в кирпиче)

10) кирпичное заполнение ( каркасной конструкции)

11) пролёт ( неразрезной плиты перекрытия)

12) секция (крыла, фюзеляжа)

13) небольшой грузовой автомобиль с закрытым кузовом

14) мн. ч. обивочный картон

15) сторонка ( тарной коробки)

16) фотоснимок длинного узкого формата

17) швейн. продольная деталь ( полочка или спинка); основная деталь ( брюк)

18) группа экспертов, совет консультантов, советников

< edp> (for crimp-tool) ■ Einsatz m

<ic> (single square or rectangular piece of semiconductor material) ■ Chip m ; Die m [dai] ; Die n [dai] ; Halbleiterplättchen n did

< mvhcl> ■ Spritzmundstück n

< plast> (extruder) ■ Düse f

pract <plast.tools> (of injection molding machine) ■ Spritzgießwerkzeug n ; Spritzgusswerkzeug n

< proc> ■ Pressform f

< prod> ■ Form f ; Gesenk n ; Gesenkbacke f ; Gewindescheibe f ; Mundstück n ; Spritzmundstück n ; Druckgießform f

<prod.plast> ■ Hohlform f

< tools> (gen.; tool for tapping, extrusion etc.) ■ Werkzeug n

pract < tools> (for external thread cutting) ■ Gewindeschneideisen n ; Schneideisen n prakt ; Schneidmutter f rar ; Schneidbacke f rar ; Gewindeschneidbacke f rar

vt <tech.gen> ■ erlöschen vi

1) окно; отверстие; диафрагма || делать окно или отверстие; снабжать диафрагмой

2) волноводное окно

3) окно прозрачности

4) дипольные противорадиолокационные отражатели

5) оконная функция, финитная взвешивающая функция, проф. окно

6) вчт окно (обрамлённая прямоугольная зона на экране дисплея с изменяемыми размерами и положением, предназначенная для работы с приложениями и документами или для реализации диалогового режима)

7) допуск; допуски; допустимый интервал изменения (напр. параметров)

•

- window of display

1. n

2. vt

(clay, stone) dar forma a, (fig: ideas, character) formare, (course of events) determinare, condizionare

3. vi

fig, (also: shape up)

* * *

<pl - es or -ices>

[ˈmeɪtrɪks, pl -ɪsi:z]

1. (mould) Matrize f, Gießform f

2. (rectangular arrangement) Matrix f

3. ( form: conditions) Rahmen m, Grundlage f

cultural \matrix kultureller Hintergrund

Europe is remaking itself within the \matrix of the European Union Europa erneuert sich auf den Grundlagen der Europäischen Union

* * *

n pl matrices or -es

1) (= mould) Matrize f, Mater f

2) (GEOL, MATH) Matrix f

* * *

matrix [ˈmeıtrıks; ˈmæt-] pl matrices [-trısiːz], matrixes s

1. Mutter-, Nährboden m (beide auch fig), Grundsubstanz f

2. ANAT Matrix f, Muttergewebe n:

matrix of bone Knochengrundsubstanz f

3. BOT Nährboden m

4. MINER

a) Grundmasse f

b) Ganggestein n

5. TECH Matrize f (Gieß-, Stanz- oder Prägeform, auch einer Schallplatte; auch TYPO)

6. MATH Matrix f (rechteckiges Schema von Zahlen, für das bestimmte Rechenregeln gelten):

system of matrices Matrizensystem n;

matrix algebra Matrizenrechnung f

* * *

* * *

Raster - m. n.

Grundlage f.

Matrix -en (Mathematik) f.

1) протяжка; прошивка || протягивать; прошивать

2) протяжной станок

•

- pine-tree broach

ma·trix <pl - es or - ices> [ʼmeɪtrɪks, pl -ɪsi:z] n

1) ( mould) Matrize f, Gießform f

2) ( rectangular arrangement) Matrix f

3) (form: conditions) Rahmen m, Grundlage f;

cultural \matrix kultureller Hintergrund;

Europe is remaking itself within the \matrix of the European Union Europa erneuert sich auf den Grundlagen der Europäischen Union

1) генератор; формирователь, устройство формирования

2) преобразователь, датчик

3) программа выбора формата экрана компьютера

•

- ac generator

1) кольцо

2) годовое кольцо древесины

3) архивольт арки

4) фланец; хомут; бугель

•

- adjusting ring

* * *

1.   кольцо

2.   фланец

3.   обод; обруч; хомут; проушина

4.   обечайка; обойма

5.   звено цепи

6.   архивольт

1) система; сеть; комплекс

2) установка, устройство

3) план; расположение

4) система; порядок; классификация

•

- system of beams

* * *

1.   система; сеть (напр. трубопроводов); устройство

2.   способ, метод

- broach-and-center machine

1) группа, ансамбль || групповой

- finishing mill group

2) совокупность; комплект

3) группировка || группировать(ся)

4) группировочный

5) класс; категория || классифицировать; категоризировать

6) хим. остаток

7) сгусток; скопление

8) узел

9) матем. группа

- Abelian group

- abelianized group

- abhomotopy group

- absolute cohomology group

- abstract group

- additively free group

- adelized group

- adjoint group

- adjusted group

- affine group

- age group

- algebraic group

- algebraically closed group

- alternating group

- amalgamated group

- amenable group

- analytical group

- anharmonic group

- anisotropic group

- antiunitary group

- aperiodic group

- archimedean group

- arcwise connected group

- arithmetic group

- asystatic group

- automorphic group

- automorphism group

- autotopism group

- base group

- basic group

- betweennes group

- bicharacter group

- bicompact group

- bigraded group

- binary group

- bitransformation group

- bordism group

- boundary group

- bounded group

- braid group

- bundle group

- cancellation group

- canonical transformation group

- case-shift code group

- central group

- centrally closed group

- chain group

- channel master group

- circle group

- circular group

- classical group

- closed homology group

- cobordism group

- coboundary group

- cochain group

- cocyclic group

- code group

- coherent group

- cohomological group

- cohomology group

- cohomotopic group

- cohomotopy group

- collinear group

- collineation group

- color group

- commensurability group

- commutative group

- commutator group

- complemented group

- complete group

- complete monomial group

- complex group

- composite group

- conditionally complete group

- configuration group

- conformal group

- congruence group

- connected group

- continuous group

- contracted group

- contrahomology group

- control group

- coseparable group

- cotortion group

- countable group

- countably discrete group

- covering group

- critical group

- crystallographic group

- cubical homology group

- cuspidal group

- cycle group

- cyclically ordered group

- cycloidal group

- decomposable group

- decomposition group

- defect group

- degree of group

- dense group

- denumerable symmetric group

- derived group

- diagonal group

- diagonalizable group

- dicyclic group

- differentiable group

- differential group

- digit group

- dihedral group

- dihomology group

- dimensionless group

- direct cohomology group

- directed group

- directly indecomposable group

- discontinuous group

- discrete group

- discriminating group

- dispersible group

- displacement group

- distal group

- divisible group

- division closure group

- divisor group

- double group

- doubly covered group

- dual group

- dyadic group

- dynamical group

- dynamical symmetry group

- edge group

- edge-path group

- effect group

- effective group

- effectively acting group

- elation group

- elementary group

- elliptic group

- embeddable group

- empennage group

- endomorphism group

- enlarged group

- entire group

- equationally compact group

- equiaffine group

- equicontinuous group

- equiform group

- equivalence group

- etale group

- exact symmetry group

- exceptional group

- existentially closed group

- exponent of group

- exponential group

- exponentiation group

- extended group

- extension group

- factor group

- factorizable group

- factorization of group

- field character group

- filtered group

- final group

- finite group

- finite-dimensional group