recline

ac-cŭbo ( adc.), āre, 1, v. n., t. t. (the forms accubui and accubitum belong to accumbo), to lie near or by a thing.

In gen., constr. with dat. or absol.:

quoi bini castodes semper accubant,

Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 57:

Furiarum maxima juxta accubat,

Verg. A. 6, 606:

accubantes effodiunt,

Plin. 35, 6, 19, § 37.—Rarely with acc.:

lectum,

App. M. 5, p. 160.—Of things:

nigrum nemus,

Verg. G. 3, 334:

cadus (vini),

Hor. C. 4, 12, 18.—Also of places (for adjacere):

theatrum Tarpeio monti accubans,

Suet. Caes. 44.—Esp.

To recline at table (in the Rom. manner):

accubantes in conviviis,

Cic. Cat. 2, 5, 10; so,

in convivio,

Nep. Pel. 3, 2; Cic. Tusc. 3, 23:

morem apud majores hunc epularum fuisse, ut deinceps, qui accubarent, canerent ad tibiam, etc.,

Cic. Tusc. 4, 2, 3; cf.:

regulus accubans epulari coepit,

Liv. 41, 2, 12;

so,

absol., Plaut. Stich. 2, 3, 53; Ter. Eun. 4, 5, 2; Suet. Caes. 49 al.:

cum aliquo,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 72:

infra,

Liv. 39, 43, 3:

contra,

Suet. Aug. 98.—

To lie with, Plaut. Bacch. 1, 1, 39; 3, 3, 50; Suet. Vesp. 21.

ac-cumbo ( adc.), cŭbui, cŭbĭtum, 3, v. n., to lay one's self down at a place; and hence, to lie somewhere.

In gen. (so very rare):

in via,

Plaut. Most. 1, 4, 13;

of one swimming: summis in undis,

Manil. 5, 429.—

In part.

To recline at table, in the manner in which the Romans (and finally even the Roman women, Val. Max. 2, 1, 2) reclined, after luxury and effeminacy had become prevalent. While they extended the lower part of the body upon the couch (triclinium, lectus triclinaris), they supported the upper part by the left arm upon a cushion (or upon the bosom of the one nearest;

hence, in sinu accumbere,

Liv. 39, 43; cf. anakeisthai = einai en tôi kolpôi tinos, Ev. Ioh. 13, 23), the right hand only being used in taking food:

hoc age, adcumbe,

Plaut. Pers. 5, 1, 15; so id. Most. 1, 3, 150, etc.; Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 31; id. Mur. 35; Liv. 28, 18; c. acc.: mensam, Att. ap. Non. 415, 26; Lucil. Sat. 13; ib. 511, 16:

cotidianis epulis in robore,

Cic. Mur. 74:

in convivio,

id. Verr. 1, 66:

in epulo,

Cic. Vatin. 12:

epulis,

Verg. A. 1, 79;

tecum,

Plaut. Bacch. 5, 2, 75; absol., Cic. Deiot. 17.—Since three persons usually reclined upon such a couch (cf. Cic. Pis. 27), these expressions arose: in summo (or superiorem, also supra), medium and imum (or infra) adcumbere; and the series began on the left side, since they lay supported by the left arm. The whole arrangement is explained by the following figure: Among the three lecti, the lectus medius was the most honorable; and on each lectus, the locus medius was more honorable than the summus; and this had the preference to the imus or ultimus. The consul or other magistrate usually sat as imus of the lectus medius (fig. no. 6), in order that, by his position at the corner, he might be able, without trouble, to attend to any official business that might occur. The place no. 7 seems, for a similar reason, to have been taken by the host. See on this subject Salmas. Sol. p. 886; Smith's Antiq.; Becker's Gall. 3, p. 206 sq. (2d ed.); and Orell. excurs. ad Hor. S. 2, 8, 20. This statement explains the passages in Plaut. Pers. 5, 1, 14; id. Most. 1, 1, 42; id. Stich. 3, 2, 37, etc.; Cic. Att. 1, 9; id. Fam. 9, 26; Sall. Fragm. ap. Serv. ad Verg. A. 1, 702; Hor. S. 2, 8, 20.—

In mal. part. (rarely), Plaut. Bacch. 5, 2, 73; Men. 3, 2, 11; 5, 9, 82.

ac-cŭbo ( adc.), āre, 1, v. n., t. t. (the forms accubui and accubitum belong to accumbo), to lie near or by a thing.

In gen., constr. with dat. or absol.:

quoi bini castodes semper accubant,

Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 57:

Furiarum maxima juxta accubat,

Verg. A. 6, 606:

accubantes effodiunt,

Plin. 35, 6, 19, § 37.—Rarely with acc.:

lectum,

App. M. 5, p. 160.—Of things:

nigrum nemus,

Verg. G. 3, 334:

cadus (vini),

Hor. C. 4, 12, 18.—Also of places (for adjacere):

theatrum Tarpeio monti accubans,

Suet. Caes. 44.—Esp.

To recline at table (in the Rom. manner):

accubantes in conviviis,

Cic. Cat. 2, 5, 10; so,

in convivio,

Nep. Pel. 3, 2; Cic. Tusc. 3, 23:

morem apud majores hunc epularum fuisse, ut deinceps, qui accubarent, canerent ad tibiam, etc.,

Cic. Tusc. 4, 2, 3; cf.:

regulus accubans epulari coepit,

Liv. 41, 2, 12;

so,

absol., Plaut. Stich. 2, 3, 53; Ter. Eun. 4, 5, 2; Suet. Caes. 49 al.:

cum aliquo,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 72:

infra,

Liv. 39, 43, 3:

contra,

Suet. Aug. 98.—

To lie with, Plaut. Bacch. 1, 1, 39; 3, 3, 50; Suet. Vesp. 21.

ac-cumbo ( adc.), cŭbui, cŭbĭtum, 3, v. n., to lay one's self down at a place; and hence, to lie somewhere.

In gen. (so very rare):

in via,

Plaut. Most. 1, 4, 13;

of one swimming: summis in undis,

Manil. 5, 429.—

In part.

To recline at table, in the manner in which the Romans (and finally even the Roman women, Val. Max. 2, 1, 2) reclined, after luxury and effeminacy had become prevalent. While they extended the lower part of the body upon the couch (triclinium, lectus triclinaris), they supported the upper part by the left arm upon a cushion (or upon the bosom of the one nearest;

hence, in sinu accumbere,

Liv. 39, 43; cf. anakeisthai = einai en tôi kolpôi tinos, Ev. Ioh. 13, 23), the right hand only being used in taking food:

hoc age, adcumbe,

Plaut. Pers. 5, 1, 15; so id. Most. 1, 3, 150, etc.; Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 31; id. Mur. 35; Liv. 28, 18; c. acc.: mensam, Att. ap. Non. 415, 26; Lucil. Sat. 13; ib. 511, 16:

cotidianis epulis in robore,

Cic. Mur. 74:

in convivio,

id. Verr. 1, 66:

in epulo,

Cic. Vatin. 12:

epulis,

Verg. A. 1, 79;

tecum,

Plaut. Bacch. 5, 2, 75; absol., Cic. Deiot. 17.—Since three persons usually reclined upon such a couch (cf. Cic. Pis. 27), these expressions arose: in summo (or superiorem, also supra), medium and imum (or infra) adcumbere; and the series began on the left side, since they lay supported by the left arm. The whole arrangement is explained by the following figure: Among the three lecti, the lectus medius was the most honorable; and on each lectus, the locus medius was more honorable than the summus; and this had the preference to the imus or ultimus. The consul or other magistrate usually sat as imus of the lectus medius (fig. no. 6), in order that, by his position at the corner, he might be able, without trouble, to attend to any official business that might occur. The place no. 7 seems, for a similar reason, to have been taken by the host. See on this subject Salmas. Sol. p. 886; Smith's Antiq.; Becker's Gall. 3, p. 206 sq. (2d ed.); and Orell. excurs. ad Hor. S. 2, 8, 20. This statement explains the passages in Plaut. Pers. 5, 1, 14; id. Most. 1, 1, 42; id. Stich. 3, 2, 37, etc.; Cic. Att. 1, 9; id. Fam. 9, 26; Sall. Fragm. ap. Serv. ad Verg. A. 1, 702; Hor. S. 2, 8, 20.—

In mal. part. (rarely), Plaut. Bacch. 5, 2, 73; Men. 3, 2, 11; 5, 9, 82.

dē-cumbo, cŭbŭi, 3, v. n.

To lie down, sc. in bed or on a couch, to recline at table, to lie ill, be confined by sickness (good prose), Cato R. R. 156, 4:

super lectum,

Suet. Ner. 48:

in aureo lecto,

id. Caes. 49:

hospes me ad cenam vocat. Venio, decumbo,

Plaut. Merc. 1, 1, 98;

so of reclining at table (cf. accumbo),

id. Curc. 2, 3, 72; id. Stich. 5, 1, 6; Ter. Ph. 2, 2, 28; Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 25:

familia decubuit,

Sen. Ep. 96, 1; Gell. 18, 10, 2:

febricitans,

Vulg. Marc. 1, 30.—

Of a vanquished gladiator, t. t., to fall, Cic. Tusc. 2, 17, 41; id. Phil. 3, 14, 35.

dēmo, mpsi (msi), mptum (mtum), 3, v. a. [contr. from de-emo; cf. adimo and abemito], to take off, take away, to withdraw, subtract, remove (class. and very freq.; for syn. cf.: adimo, eripio, furor, rapio, prehendo, capio, sumo, excipio).

Lit.:

addita demptaque quaedam,

Lucr. 2, 770; cf.:

cum aliquid additur aut demitur,

Cic. Ac. 2, 16:

si quid ad eas (leges) addi demi mutarive vellet,

Liv. 31, 11 fin.:

lubet scire quantum auri erus sibi dempsit,

Plaut. Bac. 4, 4, 14 (for which, shortly after, sibi novem abstulit):

aurum sibi,

Ter. Eun. 4, 1, 13:

secures de fascibus,

Cic. Rep. 2, 31; so,

clipea de columnis,

Liv. 40, 51: de capite ( from the sum total) medimna DC, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 33; cf. ib. 35 (twice): una dempta uncia deunx, dextans dempto sextante, dodrans dempto quadrante, bes dempto triente, Varr. L. L. 5, § 172 Müll.:

de stipendio equitum aera,

Liv. 7, 41:

non hilum de tempore mortis,

Lucr. 3, 1100; cf.:

partem de die,

Hor. Od. 1, 1, 20; Ov. Tr. 5, 2, 20 et saep.:

quam minimum ex osse,

Cels. 8, 4; cf.:

aliquid ex cibo,

id. 6, 6, 16:

fetus ab arbore,

Ov. H. 20, 9; cf.:

sucum a vellere,

id. A. A. 3, 214.—With simple abl.:

fetus arbore,

id. M. 14, 689:

juga equis,

id. ib. 7, 324; id. F. 2, 74; cf.:

juga bobus,

Hor. Od. 3, 6, 42:

vincla pedibus,

Ov. M. 3, 168; cf.:

vincula nobis,

id. F. 3, 320:

nubem supercilio,

Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 94 et saep.:

soleas (when about to recline at table),

Plaut. Truc. 2, 4, 16; cf.: Ov. A. A. 2, 212: haec (epistola) casu ad turrim adhaesit... dempta ad Ciceronem defertur, *Caes. B. C. 5, 48, 8:

odorem vino,

Cato R. R. 110:

barbam,

to shave, Suet. Caes. 67.—

Trop.:

nulla dies nobis maerorem e pectore demet,

Lucr. 3, 921; so,

mihi et tibi et illis molestiam,

Ter. Ad. 5, 3, 33:

nobis acerbam necessitudinem,

Sall. J. 102, 5:

plus dignitatis patribus (with detrahere, and opp. addere),

Liv. 2, 60:

silentia furto,

i. e. to disclose the theft, Ov. M. 2, 700 et saep.—Without a dat.:

metum omnem,

Ter. Ad. 4, 7, 18:

dolorem,

Lucr. 2, 21:

sollicitudinem,

Cic. Att. 11, 15 fin.:

curas his dictis,

Verg. A. 2, 775; 3, 153 et saep.:

ex dignitate populi (opp. adicere),

Liv. 34, 54; cf.:

de vi magistratus,

id. 3, 33 fin.:

lex ipsa per se dempto auctore,

even without its author, Liv. 2, 42; cf.:

dempto fine,

without end, Ov. Tr. 3, 11, 2:

addere aut demere ad haec (verba),

Vulg. 1 Mac. 8, 30.

dis-cumbo, cŭbŭi, cŭbĭtum, 3, v. n., to lie down.

More freq., to recline at table for the purpose of eating (cf. accumbo—so esp. freq. since the Aug. per.):

discubuimus omnes praeter illam,

Cic. Att. 5, 1, 4; Lucr. 3, 912; Quint. 11, 2, 13; Suet. Caes. 48; Tib. 2, 5, 95; Verg. A. 1, 708; Ov. M. 8, 566; Vulg. Johan. 12, 2 al.—Sometimes of a single person (yet always with the accessory idea of a number reclining at the same time):

in convivio Germanici cum super eum Piso discumberet,

Tac. A. 3, 14; 6, 50; Suet. Aug. 74; Curt. 8, 5, 6; Juv. 5, 12.— Pass. impers.:

discumbitur,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 26; Verg. A. 1, 700; Gell. 3, 19 al.—

Rarely, to lie down to sleep:

discubitum noctu ire,

Plaut. Merc. 1, 1, 100:

cenati discubuerunt ibidem,

Cic. Inv. 2, 4, 14.

incumbo, cŭbŭi, cŭbĭtum, ĕre, v. n. [1. incubo], to lay one ' s self upon, to lean or recline upon a thing (cf. ingruo; class., partic. in the trop. sense).

Lit., constr. with in, ad, super, or dat.; also with the simple acc.:

olivae,

Verg. E. 8, 16:

in parietem,

Dig. 39, 2, 28:

densis ordinibus nunc alii in alios, nunc in scuta incumbentes sustinebant impetus Romanorum,

Liv. 35, 5, 7:

toro,

Verg. A. 4, 650:

materiae,

Curt. 8, 10, 25:

terrae,

Tac. A. 2, 17:

super praedam,

to lie upon, Petr. 80:

in eum,

Curt. 6, 9: ad vos, Ov. M. 9, 385:

cumulatis in aqua sarcinis insuper incumbebant,

Liv. 22, 2, 8:

validis incumbere remis,

Verg. A. 5, 15; 10, 294; Curt. 9, 9, 4.—Of the heavens:

cava in se convexitas vergit, et cardini suo, hoc est terrae, undique incumbit,

Plin. 2, 64, 64, § 160:

mare,

to cast itself into the sea, id. 5, 32, 40, § 141: fessi arma sua, Sall. Fragm. ap. Serv. ad Verg. A. 9, 229:

tecto incubuit bubo,

perched on, Ov. M. 6, 432:

gladium faciam culcitam, camque incumbam,

Plaut. Cas. 2, 4, 29.—

Transf., to lean or incline towards, to overhang; to rush towards:

silex prona jugo laevum incumbebat ad amnem,

Verg. A. 8, 236:

laurus incumbens arae,

id. ib. 2, 514: in gladium, to fall on one ' s sword, Cic. Inv. 2, 51, 154:

gladio,

Auct. Her. 1, 11, 18:

ferro,

Phaedr. 3, 10, 33:

in hostem,

to press upon the enemy, Liv. 30, 34, 2; cf.:

duo duces circumstare urbem... et unum in locum totam periculi molem, omne onus incubuisse,

id. 27, 40, 6.—

Trop.

To press upon, burden, oppress, weigh upon:

incubuere (venti) mari,

Verg. A. 1, 84:

tempestas a vertice silvis incubuit,

id. G. 2, 311:

gravis incumbens scopulis aestas,

id. ib. 2, 377:

febrium terris incubuit cohors,

Hor. C. 1, 3, 30:

(aestus) incubuit populo,

Lucr. 6, 142. — Absol.:

saevior armis Luxuria incubuit,

Just. 6, 292.—

To bend one ' s attention to, to apply or devote one ' s self to, to exert one ' s self, or take pains with, pay attention to; constr. with in, ad, or dat.:

rogandis legibus,

Flor. 3, 16:

ceris et stilo,

Plin. Ep. 7, 27, 9:

labori,

Sil. 4, 820:

toto pectore novae cogitationi,

Tac. Or. 3:

et animo et opibus in bellum,

Caes. B. G. 7, 76:

ut jam inclinato (judici) reliqua incumbat oratio,

press upon, exert influence on, Cic. de Or. 2, 79, 324; cf.:

invidia mihi incumbit,

Tac. A. 14, 54:

in aliquod studium,

Cic. de Or. 1, 8, 34:

in causam,

id. Phil. 4, 5, 12:

acrius graviusque ad ulciscendas rei publicae injurias,

id. ib. 6, 1, 2:

tota mente in aliquam curam et cogitationem,

id. Fam. 10, 3, 3:

toto pectore ad laudem,

id. ib. 10, 12, 2:

omni cogitatione curaque in rem publicam,

id. ib. 1, 2:

fato urguenti incumbere,

to press on, hasten, Verg. A. 2, 653.—With inf.:

sarcire ruinas,

Verg. G. 4, 249:

delatorem pervertere,

Tac. H. 2, 10.—With ut and subj.:

Appius Claudius... cum suis tum totius nobilitatis viribus incubuit, ut, etc.,

Liv. 10, 15, 8.— Absol.:

nunc, nunc incumbere tempus,

Ov. M. 10, 657.—

To incline, choose, be inclined to, lean towards:

hoc servi esse officium reor,... non quo incumbat eum (i. e. erum) inpellere,

Plaut. Aul. 4, 1, 8:

ut eos, qui audiunt, quocumque incubuerit, possit impellere,

whithersoever he may incline, choose, Cic. de Or. 3, 14, 55:

eodem incumbunt municipia,

are inclined the same way, id. Phil. 6, 7, 18:

ad voluntatem perferendae legis,

id. Att. 1, 19, 4:

voluntatum inclinatio ad virum bonum,

to lean towards, turn to, id. Mur. 26, 53: in causam, Cael. ad Cic. Fam. 8, 11, 3:

in cupiditatem,

Cic. Att. 5, 13, 3:

in illo,

id. Q. Fr. 3, 8, 6.—

To be incumbent upon one as a duty (post-class.):

accusandi necessitas domino,

Dig. 48, 2, 5:

ei probatio,

ib. 22, 3, 2:

judici omnium rerum officium,

ib. 21, 1, 25.

rē̆-clīno, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. [clino, klinô], to bend back, lean back, recline (class. but rare).

Lit.:

alces ad eas (arbores) se applicant atque ita paulum modo reclinatae quietem capiunt... Huc cum se consuetudine reclinaverunt, etc.,

Caes. B. G. 6, 27: caput, * Cic. Arat. 417:

non habet ubi caput reclinet,

Vulg. Matt. 8, 10: scuta, to lay aside, rest, * Verg. A. 12, 130:

corpora prona,

to turn over, Stat. Th. 9, 369.—Mid.:

reclinari ad suos (in dicendo),

Quint. 11, 3, 132:

te in remoto gramine reclinatum,

Hor. C. 2, 3, 7:

reclinatus in cubitum,

Petr. 39, 2; cf.:

in aliquod adminiculum,

Sen. Ep. 36, 9.—

Trop.:

nullum ab labore me reclinat otium,

removes, releases me, Hor. Epod. 17, 24:

in quem onus imperii reclinaret,

might lean, rest, be supported by, Sen. Cons. ad Marc. 2, 3.— Absol., to revolt, become rebellious:

nec arrogantibus verbis quidquam scripsit (Julianus), ne videretur subito reclinasse,

Amm. 20, 8, 4.

rĕ-cumbo, cŭbui, 3, v. n. [cumbo, cubo], to lay one ' s self back, lie down again; to lie down.

Of persons.

In gen. (class.):

eum primo perterritum somno surrexisse, dein, cum se collegisset... recubuisse, etc.,

Cic. Div. 1, 27, 57:

in cubiculo,

id. Deiot. 15, 42:

in exedrā lectulo posito,

id. de Or. 3, 5, 17:

in herbā,

id. ib. 2, 71, 287:

spondā sibi propiore recumbit,

Ov. F. 2, 345:

tauros medio recumbere sulco,

to sink down, id. M. 7, 539; cf.:

mulier sopita recumbit,

sinks into sleep, Lucr. 6, 794.—

In partic., to recline at table:

in triclinio,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 25, § 61:

rediit hora dicta, recubuit,

Phaedr. 4, 23, 19; Hor. Ep. 1, 5, 1; id. C. 3, 3, 11; Plin. Ep. 4, 22, 4; 4, 30, 3; 9, 23, 4; Just. 43, 1, 4; Vulg. Johan. 21, 20.—

Of inanim. things, to fall or sink down ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

ne (pons) supinus eat cavāque in palude recumbat,

Cat. 17, 4; cf. Verg. A. 9, 713:

onus (domūs quassatae) in proclinatas partes,

Ov. Tr. 2, 84:

at nebulae magis ima petunt campoque recumbunt,

sink, settle down, Verg. G. 1, 401; cf.:

minax ponto Unda,

Hor. C. 1, 12, 32:

pelagus,

Sen. Thyest. 589:

(juba) dextro jactata recumbit in armo,

falls, rolls down, Verg. G. 3, 86; cf.: in umeros cervix collapsa recumbit, sinks back, reclines, id. A. 9, 434:

cervix umero,

Ov. M. 10, 195:

vitem in terram recumbere,

Plin. 17, 23, 35, § 259:

jugera Martialis longo Janiculi jugo recumbunt,

descend, slope down, Mart. 4, 64, 3; cf.:

duro monti recumbens Narnia,

Sil. 8, 459.