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1 be
be [bi:]━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━1. link verb3. modal verb6. compounds━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━1. link verba. être• who is that? -- it's me! qui est-ce ? -- c'est moi !• if I were you I would refuse si j'étais vous, je refuserais━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━► The following translations use ce + être because they contain an article or possessive in French.━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━► No article is used in French, unless the noun is qualified by an adjective.━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━• how are you? comment allez-vous ?d. ( = cost) coûter• how much is it? combien ça coûte ?e. ( = equal) fairef.━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━• to be cold/hot/hungry/thirsty/ashamed/right/wrong avoir froid/chaud/faim/soif/honte/raison/tort━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━► Note how French makes the person, not the part of the body, the subject of the sentence in the following.━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━g. (with age) avoir• how old is he? quel âge a-t-il ?► to be + -ing━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━► French does not distinguish between simple and continuous actions as much as English does.━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━• I'm coming! j'arrive !• what have you been doing this week? qu'est-ce que tu as fait cette semaine ?• will you be seeing her tomorrow? est-ce que vous allez la voir demain ?━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━► être en train de + infinitive emphasizes that one is in the middle of the action.━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━• I haven't got time, I'm cooking the dinner je n'ai pas le temps, je suis en train de préparer le repas━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━► The imperfect tense is used for continuous action in the past.━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━► have/had been +... for/since━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━► French uses the present and imperfect where English uses the perfect and past perfect.━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━• I'd been at university for six weeks when my father got ill j'étais à l'université depuis six semaines quand mon père est tombé malade• he's a friend of yours, isn't he? c'est un ami à toi, n'est-ce pas ?• she wasn't happy, was she? elle n'était pas heureuse, n'est-ce pas ?• so it's all done, is it? tout est fait, alors ?• you're not ill, are you? tu n'es pas malade j'espère ?c. (in tag responses) they're getting married -- oh are they? ils vont se marier -- ah bon ?• he's going to complain about you -- oh is he? il va porter plainte contre toi -- ah vraiment ?━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━• he's always late, isn't he? -- yes, he is il est toujours en retard, n'est-ce pas ? -- oui• is it what you expected? -- no it isn't est-ce que tu t'attendais à ça ? -- non━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━► The past participle in French passive constructions agrees with the subject.━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━► The passive is used less in French than in English. It is often expressed by on + active verb.━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━• it is said that... on dit que...━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━► The reflexive can be used to describe how something is usually done.━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━3. modal verb► am/are/is to + infinitivea. ( = will)• now the old lady has died, her house is to be sold maintenant que la vieille dame est décédée, sa maison va être mise en venteb. ( = must) you are to follow these instructions exactly tu dois suivre ces instructions scrupuleusementc. ( = should) he is to be pitied il est à plaindre• not to be confused with... à ne pas confondre avec...d. ( = be destined to) this was to have serious repercussions cela devait avoir de graves répercussionse. ( = can) these birds are to be found all over the world on trouve ces oiseaux dans le monde entiera. être ; ( = take place) avoir lieu• he is there at the moment, but he won't be there much longer il est là en ce moment mais il ne va pas rester très longtemps► there is/are ( = there exist(s)) il y a• here you are at last! te voilà enfin !• here you are! ( = take this) tiens (or tenez) !b. ► to have been (to a place)• where have you been? où étais-tu passé ?a. (weather, temperature) faire• it's fine/cold/dark il fait beau/froid/nuit• it's windy/foggy il y a du vent/du brouillard• it was then we realized that... c'est alors que nous nous sommes rendu compte que...• it was they who suggested that... ce sont eux qui ont suggéré que...• why is it that she is so popular? pourquoi a-t-elle tant de succès ?6. compounds* * *[biː, bɪ]1) gen êtreit's me —
2) ( in probability)were it not that... — si ce n'était que...
had it not been for Frank, I'd have missed the train — sans Frank j'aurais raté le train
3) ( phrases)let ou leave him be — laisse-le tranquille
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2 net
1 noun∎ to fall into the net tomber dans le piège;∎ to slip through the net glisser ou passer à travers les mailles du filet∎ to come (up) to the net (in tennis) monter au filet;∎ to practise in the nets (in cricket) = s'entraîner, un filet entourant les piquets;∎ Football to put the ball in the (back of the) net marquer un but, envoyer la balle au fond des filets(c) (for hair) filet m à cheveux, résille f∎ radio net ensemble m du réseau radiophonique(f) (income, profit, weight) net m;∎ net payable net m à payer∎ the police have netted the gang leaders la police a mis la main sur les chefs de la bande∎ to net the ball (in tennis) envoyer la balle dans le filet;∎ he netted his service (in tennis) son service échoua dans le filet;∎ Football to net a goal marquer un but(d) (fruit tree) recouvrir de filets ou d'un filet∎ we netted over $10,000 nous avons réalisé un bénéfice net de plus de 10 000 dollars;∎ he nets £20,000 a year il gagne 20 000 livres net par an∎ Football Barnes netted from 5 yards out ≃ Barnes a marqué un but (depuis la ligne) des 6 mètres(a) (amount, weight) net;∎ to earn £500 net gagner 500 livres net;∎ terms strictly net sans déduction5 adverb∎ net of tax net d'impôt;∎ net of VAT hors TVA∎ Computing the Net le Net, l'Internet m►► Finance net amount somme f nette, montant m net;Finance net assets actif m net;Finance net asset value valeur f d'actif net;British formerly the Net Book Agreement = accord entre maisons d'édition et libraires stipulant que ces derniers n'ont le droit de vendre aucun ouvrage à un prix inférieur à celui fixé par l'éditeur;Finance net book value valeur f comptable nette;Finance net capital expenditure mise f de fonds nette, dépenses fpl nettes d'investissement;Finance net cash flow cash-flow m net;Finance net change écart m net;net cord judge juge m de filet;Finance net cost prix m de revient;Finance net current assets actif m circulant net;net curtain rideau m (de tulle ou en filet), voilage m;Finance net discounted cash flow cash-flow m actualisé net, flux mpl de trésorerie actualisés nets;Finance net dividend dividende m net;Finance net domestic product produit m intérieur net;Finance net interest income net m financier;Finance net loss perte f nette;Finance net margin marge f nette;Finance net national income revenu m national net;Finance net national product produit m national net;Sport net play jeu m au filet;Finance net operating profit rentabilité f nette d'exploitation;Finance net present value valeur f actuelle nette;Finance net present value rate taux m d'actualisation;Finance net price prix m net;Finance net profit bénéfice m net, net m commercial;Finance net profit margin marge f commerciale nette;Finance net profit ratio ratio m de rentabilité nette, taux m de profit net;Finance net realizable value valeur f réalisable nette;Finance net receipts recettes fpl nettes;Finance net residual value valeur f résiduelle nette;Finance net result résultat m final;Finance net return rendement m net, résultat m net;Finance net salary salaire m net;Finance net tangible assets actif m corporel net;Finance net total montant m net;Finance net variance écart m net;Finance net working capital fonds m de roulement net;Finance net worth situation f nette, valeur f nette
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