rŭdis

* * *

* * *

rŭdis, e, adj. [cf. crudus], unwrought, untilled, unformed, unused, rough, raw, wild (cf. crudus): omnis fere materia non deformata, rudis appellatur, sicut vestimentum rude, non perpolitum: sic aes infectum rudusculum, Cincius ap. Fest. p. 265 Müll. (class.; esp. freq. in the trop. signif.).

Lit.:

terra (opp. restibilis),

Varr. R. R. 1, 44, 2; so,

terra,

id. ib. 1, 27, 2:

ager,

Col. 3, 11, 1:

campus,

Verg. G. 2, 211:

humus,

Ov. M. 5, 646:

rudis atque infecta materies,

Petr. 114, 13; cf.:

rudis indigestaque moles (Chaos),

Ov. M. 1, 7:

marmor,

Quint. 2, 19, 3:

saxum,

id. 9, 4, 27; cf.:

signa (de marmore coepto),

Ov. M. 1, 406:

aes (opp. signatum),

Plin. 33, 3, 13:

hasta,

rudely finished, ill-made, Verg. A. 9, 743; cf.:

novacula (with retusa),

Petr. 94, 14:

circumjectus parietum,

Plin. 11, 51, 112, § 270:

caementum,

Tac. Or. 20 (with informes tegulae):

lana,

Ov. M. 6, 19:

textum,

rough, coarse, id. ib. 8, 640; so,

vestis,

id. F. 4, 659:

herba,

wild, Mart. 2, 90, 8: cf.

uva,

unripe, green, hard, id. 13, 68.— Neutr. plur. as subst.: detrahit doctrina aliquid, ut lima rudibus et cotes hebetibus, Quint. 2, 12, 8. —

Poet., transf., young, new (cf. integer):

illa (carina, sc. Argo) rudem cursu prima imbuit Amphitriten,

untried, not yet sailed on, Cat. 64, 11;

hence, also, Argo,

Luc. 3, 193:

agna,

Mart. 9, 71, 6:

filia,

id. 7, 95, 8:

dextram cruore regio imbuit,

Sen. Troad. 217:

pannas,

new, Vulg. Matt. 9, 16. —

Trop., rude, unpolished, uncultivated, unskilled, awkward, clumsy, ignorant; hence (like ignarus), with gen., unacquainted with, inexperienced in, etc. (cf. imperitus).

Absol.:

consilium,

Plaut. Poen. 1, 1, 61; cf.:

forma ingenii impolita et plane rudis,

Cic. Brut. 85, 294:

incohata ac rudia,

id. de Or. 1, 2, 5:

quae rudia atque imperfecta adhuc erant,

Quint. 3, 1, 7:

rudia et incomposita,

id. 9, 4, 17:

vox surda, rudis, immanis, dura, etc.,

id. 11, 3, 32:

modulatio,

id. 1, 10, 16; cf.:

modus (tibicinis),

Ov. A. A. 1, 111:

rude et Graecis intactum carmen,

Hor. S. 1, 10, 66:

stilus (with confusus),

Quint. 1, 1, 28; 12, 10, 3:

animi,

id. 1, 10, 9 (with agrestes);

1, 1, 36: adhuc ingenia,

id. 1, 2, 27; cf.

ingenium,

Hor. A. P. 410:

rudis fuit vita priscorum et sine litteris,

Plin. 18, 29, 69, § 284:

saeculum,

Quint. 2, 5, 23; 12, 11, 23; Tac. H. 1, 86:

anni,

i. e. young, early, Quint. 1, 1, 5; Tac. A. 13, 16 fin.; cf.:

adhuc aetas,

id. ib. 4, 8:

rudem me et integrum discipulum accipe et ea, quae requiro, doce,

Cic. N. D. 3, 3, 7; Quint. 2, 3, 3; 3, 6, 83:

Aeschylus rudis in plerisque et incompositus,

id. 10, 1, 66:

tam eram rudis? tam ignarus rerum? etc.,

Cic. Sest. 21, 47; so (with ignarus) Quint. 1, 8, 4:

rudis ac stultus,

id. 11, 3, 76:

illi rudes homines primique,

id. 8, 3, 36; 10, 2, 5:

illi rudes ac bellicosi,

id. 1, 10, 20:

nescit equo rudis Haerere ingenuus puer,

Hor. C. 3, 24, 54.—

With in and abl.:

cum superiores alii fuissent in disputationibus perpoliti, alii in disserendo rudes,

Cic. Rep. 1, 8, 13:

(oratorem) nullā in re tironem ac rudem esse debere,

id. de Or. 1, 50, 218; (with hebes) id. ib. 1, 58, 248:

rudis in re publicā,

id. Phil. 6, 6, 17:

in causā,

id. Fam. 4, 1, 1:

in jure civili,

id. de Or. 1, 10, 40:

in minoribus navigiis,

id. ib. 1, 38, 174:

omnino in nostris poëtis,

id. Fin. 1, 2, 5:

sermo nullā in re,

id. de Or. 1, 8, 32.—With simple abl. (very rare):

Ennius ingenio maximus, arte rudis,

Ov. Tr. 2, 424:

arte,

Stat. Th. 6, 437:

studiis,

Vell. 2, 73, 1.—

With gen.:

imperiti homines rerum omnium rudes ignarique,

Cic. Fl. 7, 16:

dicat se non imperitum foederis, non rudem exemplorum, non ignarum belli fuisse,

id. Balb. 20, 47:

provinciae rudis,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 6, § 17:

Graecarum litterarum,

id. Off. 1, 1, 1; Nep. Pelop. 1, 1:

rei militaris,

Cic. Ac. 2, 1, 2:

harum rerum,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 35, § 87:

artium,

Liv. 1, 7:

bonarum artium,

Tac. A. 1, 3:

facinorum,

id. ib. 12, 51:

agminum,

Hor. C. 3, 2, 9:

civilis belli,

id. Ep. 2, 2, 47; cf.:

bellorum (elephanti),

Flor. 4, 2, 67:

operum conjugiique,

Ov. F. 4, 336:

somni,

i. e. sleepless, id. M. 7, 213:

dicendi,

Tac. A. 1, 29.—

With ad (very rare):

rudem ad pedestria bella Numidarum gentem esse,

Liv. 24, 48, 5:

ad quae (spectacula) rudes tum Romani erant,

id. 45, 32, 10; 10, 22, 6; 21, 25, 6:

ad partus,

Ov. H. 11, 48:

ad mala,

id. P. 3, 7, 18:

rudes adhuc ad resistendum populos,

Just. 1, 1, 5:

rudis natio ad voluptates,

Curt. 6, 21, 9; 8, 8, 24.—

With dat. (very rare):

fontes rudes puellis,

i. e. strange, Mart. 6, 42, 4.—

With inf.:

nec ferre rudis medicamina,

Sil. 6, 90:

Martem rudis versare,

id. 8, 262.— Comp., sup., and adv. do not occur.

rŭdis, is, f. ( abl. sing. rudi, Capitol. Opil. Macr. 4, 5), a slender stick or rod.

To stir with in cooking; a stirring-stick, spatula:

versato crebro duabus rudibus,

Cato, R. R. 79; so,

ferreae,

Plin. 34, 18, 50, § 170; cf. rudicula.—

A staff used by soldiers and gladiators in their exercises (perh. a wooden sword), answering to a quarter-staff, a foil (freq. and class.):

(milites) rudibus inter se in modum justae pugnae concurrerunt,

Liv. 26, 51; 40, 6 and 9 Drak. N. cr. (al. sudibus); Ov. Am. 2, 9, 22; id. A. A. 3, 515:

rudibus batuere,

Suet. Calig. 32.—Hence, transf.: PRIMA or SVMMA RVDIS (also in one word, SVMMARVDIS), the first or head fencer, the fencing-master, Inscr. Orell. 2575; 2584: SECVNDA RVDIS, the second fencer, the fencing-master ' s assistant, ib. 2573 sq.—A gladiator received such a rudis when honorably discharged (whence he was called rudiarius):

tam bonus gladiator rudem tam cito accepisti?

Cic. Phil. 2, 29, 74:

acceptā rude,

Juv. 6, 113:

essedario rudem indulgere,

Suet. Claud. 21.—And hence transf. to other persons who receive an honorable discharge:

tardā vires minuente senectā, Me quoque donari jam rude tempus erat,

i. e. to dismiss, discharge, Ov. Tr. 4, 8, 24; id. Am. 2, 9, 22; cf.:

spectatum satis et donatum jam rude,

Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 2 (v. Orell. ad h. l.):

ergo sibi dabit ipse rudem,

Juv. 7, 171; Mart. 3, 36, 10.

rude, raw, rough, uncultivated.

ENG pied kingfisher

NLD kleine bonte ijsvogel, (grijze visser)

GER Graufischer

NLD oostelijke grijze visser

ENG cluster fly

GER Eulentachine

FRA mouche des greiners

1) Biology: cluster fly (Pollenia rudis)

2) Entomology: Pollenia rudis, cluster fly (лат. Pollenia rudis), loft fly (лат. Pollenia rudis)

impĕrītus ( inp-), a, um, adj. [2. inperitus], inexperienced in any thing, not knowing, unacquainted with, unskilled, ignorant, without experience (class.; syn.: ignarus, rudis; opp. prudens, callidus); constr. usually with the gen. or absol., rarely with in.

With gen.:

homines adulescentulos, inperitos rerum,

Ter. And. 5, 4, 8:

summi juris peritissimus, civilis non imperitus,

Cic. Rep. 5, 3:

imperitus foederis, rudis exemplorum, ignarus belli,

id. Balb. 20, 47; cf. id. de Or. 3, 44, 175: homo imperitus morum, agricola et rusticus, with no experience of life, id. Rosc. Am. 49, 143:

homines barbari et nostrae consuetudinis imperiti,

Caes. B. G. 4, 22, 1; cf. id. ib. 1, 44, 17:

conviciorum,

Auct. Her. 4, 10, 14:

lyrae,

Quint. 1, 10, 19:

poëmatum quoque non imperitus,

Suet. Aug. 89.—

Absol.:

homine inperito numquam quicquam injustius,

Ter. Ad. 1, 2, 18:

cum in theatro imperiti homines, rerum omnium rudes ignarique consederant,

Cic. Fl. 7, 16:

callidum imperitus fraudasse dicitur,

id. Rosc. Com. 7, 21:

sin apud indoctos imperitosque dicemus,

id. Part. 26, 92; cf. id. Rep. 1, 16:

cum imperiti facile ad credendum impellerentur,

id. ib. 2, 10:

uti prudentes cum imperitis manus consererent,

Sall. J. 49, 2:

ne quis imperitior existimet, me, etc.,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 46, 135; so,

imperitiores quidam,

Quint. 1, 10, 28:

contio quae ex imperitissimis constat, etc.,

Cic. Lael. 25, 95:

multitudo imperita et rudis,

Liv. 1, 19, 4.—Rarely of things:

ingenium,

Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 39:

poëma imperito quodam initio fusum,

Quint. 9, 4, 114.—

With in:

in his non imperitus,

Vitr. 1, 1: in verbis adeo imperitus, Quint 1, 4, 27; 12, 3, 5.— Hence, adv.: impĕrītē, unskilfully, ignorantly, awkwardly:

imperite absurdeque fictum,

Cic. Rep. 2, 15:

dicebat Scipio non imperite,

id. Brut. 47, 175:

excerpta,

Quint. 2, 15, 24.—Ellipt.: hoc imperite ( suppl. factum), Cic. Phil. 2, 32, 81.— Comp.:

quid potuit dici imperitius?

Cic. Balb. 8, 20.— Sup.:

cum est illud imperitissime dictum,

Cic. Balb. 11, 27.

impĕrītus ( inp-), a, um, adj. [2. inperitus], inexperienced in any thing, not knowing, unacquainted with, unskilled, ignorant, without experience (class.; syn.: ignarus, rudis; opp. prudens, callidus); constr. usually with the gen. or absol., rarely with in.

With gen.:

homines adulescentulos, inperitos rerum,

Ter. And. 5, 4, 8:

summi juris peritissimus, civilis non imperitus,

Cic. Rep. 5, 3:

imperitus foederis, rudis exemplorum, ignarus belli,

id. Balb. 20, 47; cf. id. de Or. 3, 44, 175: homo imperitus morum, agricola et rusticus, with no experience of life, id. Rosc. Am. 49, 143:

homines barbari et nostrae consuetudinis imperiti,

Caes. B. G. 4, 22, 1; cf. id. ib. 1, 44, 17:

conviciorum,

Auct. Her. 4, 10, 14:

lyrae,

Quint. 1, 10, 19:

poëmatum quoque non imperitus,

Suet. Aug. 89.—

Absol.:

homine inperito numquam quicquam injustius,

Ter. Ad. 1, 2, 18:

cum in theatro imperiti homines, rerum omnium rudes ignarique consederant,

Cic. Fl. 7, 16:

callidum imperitus fraudasse dicitur,

id. Rosc. Com. 7, 21:

sin apud indoctos imperitosque dicemus,

id. Part. 26, 92; cf. id. Rep. 1, 16:

cum imperiti facile ad credendum impellerentur,

id. ib. 2, 10:

uti prudentes cum imperitis manus consererent,

Sall. J. 49, 2:

ne quis imperitior existimet, me, etc.,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 46, 135; so,

imperitiores quidam,

Quint. 1, 10, 28:

contio quae ex imperitissimis constat, etc.,

Cic. Lael. 25, 95:

multitudo imperita et rudis,

Liv. 1, 19, 4.—Rarely of things:

ingenium,

Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 39:

poëma imperito quodam initio fusum,

Quint. 9, 4, 114.—

With in:

in his non imperitus,

Vitr. 1, 1: in verbis adeo imperitus, Quint 1, 4, 27; 12, 3, 5.— Hence, adv.: impĕrītē, unskilfully, ignorantly, awkwardly:

imperite absurdeque fictum,

Cic. Rep. 2, 15:

dicebat Scipio non imperite,

id. Brut. 47, 175:

excerpta,

Quint. 2, 15, 24.—Ellipt.: hoc imperite ( suppl. factum), Cic. Phil. 2, 32, 81.— Comp.:

quid potuit dici imperitius?

Cic. Balb. 8, 20.— Sup.:

cum est illud imperitissime dictum,

Cic. Balb. 11, 27.

mātĕrĭa, ae ( gen. materiāi, Lucr. 1, 1051), and mātĕrĭes, ēi (only in nom. and acc. sing., and once gen. plur. materierum, Lact. 2, 12, 1; v. Neue, Formenl. 1, p. 383), f. [from same root with mater, q. v.], stuff, matter, materials of which any thing is composed; so the wood of a tree, vine, etc., timber for building (opp. lignum, wood for fuel); nutritive matter or substance for food (class.).

Lit.

In gen.:

materia rerum, ex qua et in qua sunt omnia,

Cic. N. D. 3, 39, 92; cf. id. Ac. 1, 6, 7:

materiam superabat opus,

Ov. M. 2, 5:

materiae apparatio,

Vitr. 2, 8, 7:

rudis,

i. e. chaos, Luc. 2, 8; cf.: omnis fere materia nondum formata rudis appellatur, Cinc. ap. Paul. ex Fest. p. 265 Müll.:

(arbor) inter corticem et materiem,

Col. 5, 11, 4:

crispa,

Plin. 16, 28, 51, § 119:

materiae longitudo,

Col. 4, 24, 3:

vitis in materiam, frondemque effunditur,

id. 4, 21, 2:

si nihil valet materies,

Cic. de Or. 2, 21, 88:

in eam insulam materiam, calcem, caementa, atque arma convexit,

id. Mil. 27, 74:

caesa,

Col. 11, 2, 11; cf. Caes. B. G. 4, 17; 5, 39:

cornus non potest videri materies propter exilitatem, sed lignum,

Plin. 16, 40, 76, § 206:

materiae, lignorum aggestus,

Tac. A. 1, 35:

videndum est ut materies suppetat scutariis,

Plaut. Ep. 1, 1, 35:

proba materies est, si probum adhibes fabrum,

id. Poen. 4, 2, 93: imprimebatur sculptura materiae anuli, sive ex ferro sive ex auro foret, Macr. S. 7, 13, 11. — Plur.:

deūm imagines mortalibus materiis in species hominum effingere,

Tac. H. 5, 5.—Of food:

imbecillissimam materiam esse omnem caulem oleris,

Cels. 2, 18, 39 sqq.; cf. of the means of subsistence:

consumere omnem materiam,

Ov. M. 8, 876; matter, in gen.:

materies aliqua mala erat,

Aug. Conf. 7, 5, 2.—In abstract, matter, the material universe:

Deus ex materia ortus est, aut materia ex Deo,

Lact. 2, 8.—

Esp., matter of suppuration, pus, Cels. 3, 27, 4.—

Transf., a stock, race, breed:

quod ex vetere materia nascitur, plerumque congeneratum parentis senium refert,

Col. 7, 3, 15:

generosa (equorum),

id. 6, 27 init. —

Trop.

The matter, subjectmatter, subject, topic, ground, theme of any exertion of the mental powers, as of an art or science, an oration, etc.: materiam artis eam dicimus in qua omnis ars et facultas, quae conficitur ex arte, versatur. Ut si medicinae materiam dicamus morbos ac vulnera, quod in his omnis medicina versetur;

item quibus in rebus versatur ars et facultas oratoria, eas res materiam artis rhetoricae nominamus,

Cic. Inv. 1, 5, 17:

quasi materia, quam tractet, et in qua versetur, subjecta est veritas,

id. Off. 1, 5, 16:

est enim deformitatis et corporis vitiorum satis bella materies ad jocandum,

id. de Or. 2, 59, 239; 1, 11, 49; id. Rosc. Com. 32, 89; id. Div. 2, 4, 12:

sermonum,

id. Q. Fr 1, 2, 1: materies crescit mihi, my matter (for writing about) increases, id. Att. 2, 12, 3: rei. id. Q. Fr. 2, 1, 1:

aequa viribus,

a subject suited to your powers, Hor. A. P. 38:

infames,

Gell. 17, 12, 1:

extra materiam juris,

the province, Gai. Inst. 2, 191.—

A cause, occasion, source, opportunity (cf. mater, II.):

quid enim odisset Clodium Milo segetem ac materiam suae gloriae?

Cic. Mil. 13, 35 (for which shortly before:

fons perennis gloriae suae): materies ingentis decoris,

Liv. 1, 39, 3:

non praebiturum se illi eo die materiam,

id. 3, 46, 3:

major orationis,

id. 35, 12, 10:

criminandi,

id. 3, 31, 4:

omnium malorum,

Sall. C. 10:

materiam invidiae dare,

Cic. Phil. 11, 9, 21:

materiam bonitati dare,

id. de Or. 2, 84, 342:

scelerum,

Just. 3, 2, 12:

seditionis,

id. 11, 5, 3:

laudis,

Luc. 8, 16:

benefaciendi,

Plin. Pan. 38:

ne quid materiae praeberet Neroni,

occasion of jealousy, Suet. Galb. 9:

epistolae, quae materiam sermonibus praebuere,

Tac. H. 4, 4:

praebere materiam causasque jocorum,

Juv. 3, 147:

materiamque sibi ducis indulgentia quaerit,

id. 7, 21.—

Natural abilities, talents, genius, disposition:

fac, fuisse in isto C. Laelii, M. Catonis materiem atque indolem,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 68, § 160:

in animis humanis,

id. Inv. 1, 2, 2:

materiam ingentis publice privatimade decoris omni indulgentia nostra nutriamus,

Liv. 1, 39, 3:

ad cupiditatem,

id. 1, 46; Quint. 2, 4, 7.—Hence, one's nature, natural character:

non sum materia digna perire tua,

thy unfeeling disposition, Ov. H. 4, 86.—

A subject, argument, course of thought, topic (post-Aug.):

tertium diem esse, quod omni labore materiae ad scribendum destinatae non inveniret exordium,

Quint. 10, 3, 14:

argumentum plura significat... omnem ad scribendum destinatam materiam ita appellari,

id. 5, 10, 9:

video non futurum finem in ista materia ullum, nisi quem ipse mihi fecero,

Sen. Ep. 87, 11:

pulcritudinem materiae considerare,

Plin. Ep. 3, 13, 2; 2, 5, 5:

materiam ex titulo cognosces,

id. ib. 5, 13, 3 al. (materies animi est, materia arboris;

et materies qualitas ingenii, materia fabris apta,

Front. II. p. 481 Mai.; but this distinction is not observed by class. writers).

tīro, ōnis, m.; in milit. lang., a newly-levied soldier, a young soldier, recruit.

Lit.:

aetas tironum,

Cic. Tusc. 2, 16, 38:

legio tironum,

Caes. B. C. 3, 28; 3, 29; 3, 34; Auct. B. Afr. 31, 7; Suet. Tib. 42; id. Ner. 19; id. Vit. 15.— Trop.:

multaque tironi non patienda feret (opp. vetus miles),

Ov. A. A. 3, 566.—Esp., in appos. like an adj.:

tirones milites (opp. veterani),

Cic. Phil. 11, 15, 39:

miles, Auct. B. Afr. 16, 1: exercitus,

Cic. Fam. 7, 3, 2; Liv. 21, 39, 3; 21, 43, 14.—

Transf., in gen., a beginner, tiro in any thing:

nullā in re tiro ac rudis,

Cic. de Or. 1, 50, 218:

provinciae rudis et tiro,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 6, § 17:

homo non aetate sed usu forensi atque exercitatione tiro,

id. Div. in Caecil. 15, 47; id. Rosc. Am. 6, 17:

in scholis exercitati, tirones in foro,

Quint. 2, 10, 9: deductus in forum tiro, as a young man, after putting on the toga virilis, Suet. Ner. 7; Plin. 8, 48, 74, § 194; Ov. F. 3, 787:

tirones gladiatorum,

Suet. Caes. 26;

for which, adject.: tirones gladiatores, Auct. B. Afr. 71, 1.—Of animals: ut tironem (bovem) cum veterano adjungant,

Varr. R. R. 1, 20, 2.

Tīro, ōnis, m., a Roman proper name. So esp., M. Tullius Tiro, the learned freedman of Cicero, Cic. Fam. 16, 10; id. Att. 6, 7, 2; 9, 17, 2 (to him are addressed the letters id. Fam. 16, 3-10; 16, 12-15); Gell. 7, 3, 8; 13, 9, 1 sq.—Hence, Tīrōnĭ-ānus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to Tiro:

liber,

Gell. 13, 20, 16:

Tironiana cura,

id. 1, 7, 1.

tīro, ōnis, m.; in milit. lang., a newly-levied soldier, a young soldier, recruit.

Lit.:

aetas tironum,

Cic. Tusc. 2, 16, 38:

legio tironum,

Caes. B. C. 3, 28; 3, 29; 3, 34; Auct. B. Afr. 31, 7; Suet. Tib. 42; id. Ner. 19; id. Vit. 15.— Trop.:

multaque tironi non patienda feret (opp. vetus miles),

Ov. A. A. 3, 566.—Esp., in appos. like an adj.:

tirones milites (opp. veterani),

Cic. Phil. 11, 15, 39:

miles, Auct. B. Afr. 16, 1: exercitus,

Cic. Fam. 7, 3, 2; Liv. 21, 39, 3; 21, 43, 14.—

Transf., in gen., a beginner, tiro in any thing:

nullā in re tiro ac rudis,

Cic. de Or. 1, 50, 218:

provinciae rudis et tiro,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 6, § 17:

homo non aetate sed usu forensi atque exercitatione tiro,

id. Div. in Caecil. 15, 47; id. Rosc. Am. 6, 17:

in scholis exercitati, tirones in foro,

Quint. 2, 10, 9: deductus in forum tiro, as a young man, after putting on the toga virilis, Suet. Ner. 7; Plin. 8, 48, 74, § 194; Ov. F. 3, 787:

tirones gladiatorum,

Suet. Caes. 26;

for which, adject.: tirones gladiatores, Auct. B. Afr. 71, 1.—Of animals: ut tironem (bovem) cum veterano adjungant,

Varr. R. R. 1, 20, 2.

Tīro, ōnis, m., a Roman proper name. So esp., M. Tullius Tiro, the learned freedman of Cicero, Cic. Fam. 16, 10; id. Att. 6, 7, 2; 9, 17, 2 (to him are addressed the letters id. Fam. 16, 3-10; 16, 12-15); Gell. 7, 3, 8; 13, 9, 1 sq.—Hence, Tīrōnĭ-ānus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to Tiro:

liber,

Gell. 13, 20, 16:

Tironiana cura,

id. 1, 7, 1.

1) Biology: wormwood (Eucalyptus nidis)

2) Agriculture: wormwood (Eucalyptus rudis)

[Swahili Word] detepwani

[Swahili Plural] detepwani

[English Word] pied kingfisher

[English Plural] pied kingfishers

[Taxonomy] Ceryle rudis

[Part of Speech] noun

[Class] 9/10an

[Terminology] ornithology

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