púnico

punico agg. Punic: le guerre puniche, the Punic wars

◆ s.m. ( lingua) the Punic (language).

Punic, Carthaginian, pertaining to the ancient Carthaginians.

Punic, Punic language.

* * *

► adjetivo

1 Punic

* * *

ADJ SM (Ling) Punic

* * *

guerra

* * *

púnico, -a adj

Punic

• Carthaginian

• pungency

• Punic Wars

bellum (ante-class. and poet. duel-lum), i, n. [Sanscr. dva, dvi, dus; cf. Germ. zwei; Engl. two, twice; for the change from initial du- to b-, cf. bis for duis, and v. the letter B, and Varr. L. L. 5, § 73 Mull.; 7, § 49 ib.], war.

Form duellum: duellum, bellum, videlicet quod duabus partibus de victoria contendentibus dimicatur. Inde est perduellis, qui pertinaciter retinet bellum, Paul. ex Fest. p. 66, 17 Mull.:

bellum antea duellum vocatum eo quod duae sunt dimicantium partes... Postea mutata littera dictum bellum,

Isid. Orig. 18, 1, 9: hos pestis necuit, pars occidit illa duellis, Enn. ap. Prisc. p. 9, 861 P. (Ann. v. 549 Vahl.):

legiones reveniunt domum Exstincto duello maximo atque internecatis hostibus,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 35:

quae domi duellique male fecisti,

id. As. 3, 2, 13.—So in archaic style, or in citations from ancient documents:

quique agent rem duelli,

Cic. Leg. 2, 8, 21:

aes atque ferrum, duelli instrumenta,

id. ib. 2, 18, 45 (translated from the Platonic laws):

puro pioque duello quaerendas (res) censeo,

Liv. 1, 32, 12 (quoted from ancient transactions); so,

quod duellum populo Romano cum Carthaginiensi est,

id. 22, 10, 2:

victoriaque duelli populi Romani erit,

id. 23, 11, 2:

si duellum quod cum rege Antiocho sumi populus jussit,

id. 36, 2, 2;

and from an ancient inscription' duello magno dirimendo, etc.,

id. 40, 52, 5.— Poet.:

hic... Pacem duello miscuit,

Hor. C. 3, 5, 38:

cadum Marsi memorem duelli,

id. ib. 3, 14, 18:

vacuum duellis Janum Quirini clausit,

id. ib. 4, 15, 8; cf. id. Ep. 1, 2, 7; 2, 1, 254; 2, 2, 98; Ov. F. 6, 201; Juv. 1, 169— [p. 227]

Form bellum.

War, warfare (abstr.), or a war, the war (concr.), i.e. hostilities between two nations (cf. tumultus).

Specifying the enemy.

By adjj. denoting the nation:

omnibus Punicis Siciliensibusque bellis,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 47, § 124:

aliquot annis ante secundum Punicum bellum,

id. Ac. 2, 5, 13:

Britannicum bellum,

id. Att. 4, 16, 13:

Gallicum,

id. Prov. Cons. 14, 35:

Germanicum,

Caes. B. G. 3, 28:

Sabinum,

Liv. 1, 26, 4:

Parthicum,

Vell. 2, 46, 2;

similarly: bellum piraticum,

the war against the pirates, Vell. 2, 33, 1.—Sometimes the adj. refers to the leader or king of the enemy:

Sertorianum bellum,

Cic. Phil. 11, 8, 18:

Mithridaticum,

id. Imp. Pomp. 3, 7:

Jugurthinum,

Hor. Epod. 9, 23; Vell. 2, 11, 1;

similarly: bellum regium,

the war against kings, Cic. Imp. Pomp. 17, 50. —Or it refers to the theatre of the war:

bellum Africanum, Transalpinum,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 10, 28:

Asiaticum,

id. ib. 22, 64:

Africum,

Caes. B. C. 2, 32 fin.:

Actiacum,

Vell. 2, 86, 3:

Hispaniense,

id. 2, 55, 2.—

With gen. of the name of the nation or its leader: bellum Latinorum, the Latin war, i. e. against the Latins, Cic. N. D. 2, 2, 6:

Venetorum,

Caes. B. G. 3, 16:

Helvetiorum,

id. ib. 1, 40 fin.;

1, 30: Ambiorigis,

id. ib. 6, 29, 4:

Pyrrhi, Philippi,

Cic. Phil. 11, 7, 17:

Samnitium,

Liv. 7, 29, 2.—

With cum and abl. of the name.

Attributively:

cum Jugurtha, cum Cimbris, cum Teutonis bellum,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 20, 60:

belli causa cum Samnitibus,

Liv. 7, 29, 3:

hunc finem bellum cum Philippo habuit,

id. 33, 35, 12:

novum cum Antiocho instabat bellum,

id. 36, 36, 7; cf. id. 35, 40, 1; 38, 58, 8; 39, 1, 8; 44, 14, 7.—

With cum dependent on the verb:

quia bellum Aetolis esse dixi cum Aliis,

Plaut. Capt. prol. 59:

novi consules... duo bella habuere... alterum cum Tiburtibus,

Liv. 7, 17, 2; esp. with gero, v. 2. b. a infra.—

With adversus and acc. of the name.

Attributively:

bellum adversus Philippum,

Liv. 31, 1, 8:

bellum populus adversus Vestinos jussit,

id. 8, 29, 6.—

With adversus dependent on the verb: quod homines populi Hermunduli adversus populum Romanum bellum fecere, Cincius ap. Gell. 16, 14, 1: nos pro vobis bellum suscepimus adversus Philippum. Liv. 31, 31, 18:

ut multo acrius adversus duos quam adversus unum pararet bellum,

id. 45, 11, 8:

bellum quod rex adversus Datamem susceperat,

Nep. Dat. 8, 5.—

With contra and acc.:

cum bellum nefarium contra aras et focos, contra vitam fortunasque nostras... non comparari, sed geri jam viderem,

Cic. Phil. 3, 1, 1:

causam belli contra patriam inferendi,

id. ib. 2, 22, 53.—

With in and acc. (very rare):

Athenienses in Peloponnesios sexto et vicesimo anno bellum gerentes,

Nep. Lys. 1, 1.—

With inter and acc.:

hic finis belli inter Romanos ac Persea fuit,

Liv. 45, 9, 2.—

With apud and acc.:

secutum est bellum gestum apud Mutinam,

Nep. Att. 9, 1.—

With dat. of the enemy after inferre and facere, v. 2. a. k infra.—

With verbs.

Referring to the beginning of the war.

Bellum movere or commovere, to bring about, stir up a war:

summa erat observatio in bello movendo,

Cic. Off. 1, 11, 37:

bellum commotum a Scapula,

id. Fam. 9, 13, 1:

nuntiabant alii... in Apulia servile bellum moveri,

Sall. C. 30, 2:

is primum Volscis bellum in ducentos amplius... annos movit,

Liv. 1, 53, 2:

insequenti anno Veiens bellum motum,

id. 4, 58, 6:

dii pium movere bellum,

id. 8, 6, 4; cf. Verg. A. 10, 627; id. G. 1, 509; so,

concitare,

Liv. 7, 27, 5; and ciere ( poet.), Verg. A. 1, 541; 6, 829; 12, 158.—

Bellum parare, comparare, apparare, or se praeparare bello, to prepare a war, or for a war:

cum tam pestiferum bellum pararet,

Cic. Att. 9, 13, 3:

bellum utrimque summopere parabatur,

Liv. 1, 23, 1; cf. id. 45, 11, 8 (v. II. A. 1. d. b supra); Nep. Hann. 2, 6; Quint. 12, 3, 5; Ov. M. 7, 456; so,

parare alicui,

Nep. Alcib. 9, 5:

bellum terra et mari comparat,

Cic. Att. 10, 4, 3:

tantum bellum... Cn. Pompeius extrema hieme apparavit, ineunte vere suscepit, media aestate confecit,

id. Imp. Pomp. 12, 3, 5:

bellum omnium consensu apparari coeptum,

Liv. 4, 55, 7:

numquam imperator ita paci credit, ut non se praeparet bello,

Sen. Vit. Beat. 26, 2.—

Bellum differre, to postpone a war:

nec jam poterat bellum differri,

Liv. 2, 30, 7:

mors Hamilcaris et pueritia Hannibalis distulerunt bellum,

id. 21, 2, 3; cf. id. 5, 5, 3.—

Bellum sumere, to undertake, begin a war (not in Caesar):

omne bellum sumi facile, ceterum aegerrume desinere,

Sall. J. 83, 1:

prius tamen omnia pati decrevit quam bellum sumere,

id. ib. 20, 5:

de integro bellum sumit,

id. ib. 62, 9:

iis haec maxima ratio belli sumendi fuerat,

Liv. 38, 19, 3:

sumi bellum etiam ab ignavis, strenuissimi cujusque periculo geri,

Tac. H. 4, 69; cf. id. A. 2, 45; 13, 34; 15, 5; 15, 7; id. Agr. 16.—

Bellum suscipere (rarely inire), to undertake, commence a war, join in a war:

bellum ita suscipiatur ut nihil nisi pax quaesita videatur,

Cic. Off. 1, 23, 80:

suscipienda quidem bella sunt ob eam causam ut, etc.,

id. ib. 1, 11, 35:

judicavit a plerisque ignoratione... bellum esse susceptum,

join, id. Marcell. 5, 13; id. Imp. Pomp. 12, 35 (v. supra):

cum avertisset plebem a suscipiendo bello,

undertaking, Liv. 4, 58, 14:

senatui cum Camillo agi placuit ut bellum Etruscum susciperet,

id. 6, 9, 5:

bella non causis inita, sed ut eorum merces fuit,

Vell. 2, 3, 3.—

Bellum consentire = bellum consensu decernere, to decree a war by agreement, to ratify a declaration of war (rare):

consensit et senatus bellum,

Liv. 8, 6, 8:

bellum erat consensum,

id. 1, 32, 12.—

Bellum alicui mandare, committere, decernere, dare, gerendum dare, ad aliquem deferre, or aliquem bello praeficere, praeponere, to assign a war to one as a commander, to give one the chief command in a war:

sed ne tum quidem populus Romanus ad privatum detulit bellum,

Cic. Phil. 11, 8, 18:

populus Romanus consuli... bellum gerendum dedit,

id. ib.:

cur non... eidem... hoc quoque bellum regium committamus?

id. Imp. Pomp. 17, 50:

Camillus cui id bellum mandatum erat,

Liv. 5, 26, 3:

Volscum bellum M. Furio extra ordinem decretum,

id. 6, 22, 6:

Gallicum bellum Popilio extra ordinem datum,

id. 7, 23, 2:

quo die a vobis maritimo bello praepositus est imperator,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 15, 44:

cum ei (bello) imperatorem praeficere possitis, in quo sit eximia belli scientia,

id. ib. 16, 49:

hunc toti bello praefecerunt,

Caes. B. G. 5, 11 fin.:

alicui bellum suscipiendum dare,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 19, 58:

bellum administrandum permittere,

id. ib. 21, 61.—

Bellum indicere alicui, to declare war against (the regular expression; coupled with facere in the ancient formula of the pater patratus), also bellum denuntiare: ob eam rem ego... populo Hermundulo... bellum (in)dico facioque, Cincius ap. Gell. 16, 14, 1:

ob eam rem ego populusque Romanus populis... Latinis bellum indico facioque,

Liv. 1, 32, 13:

Corinthiis bellum indicamus an non?

Cic. Inv. 1, 12, 17:

ex quo intellegi potest, nullum bellum esse justum nisi quod aut rebus repetitis geratur, aut denuntiatum ante sit et indictum,

id. Off. 1, 11, 36; id. Rep. 3, 23, 35:

bellum indici posse existimabat,

Liv. 1, 22, 4:

ni reddantur (res) bellum indicere jussos,

id. 1, 22, 6:

ut... nec gererentur solum sed etiam indicerentur bella aliquo ritu, jus... descripsit quo res repetuntur,

id. 1, 32, 5; cf. id. 1, 32, 9; 2, 18, 11; 2, 38, 5; Verg. A. 7, 616.—

Bellum inferre alicui (cf. contra aliquem, 1. e. supra; also bellum facere; absol., with dat., or with cum and abl.), to begin a war against ( with), to make war on:

Denseletis nefarium bellum intulisti,

Cic. Pis. 34, 84:

ei civitati bellum indici atque inferri solere,

id. Verr. 2, 1, 31, § 79:

qui sibi Galliaeque bellum intulissent,

Caes. B. G. 4, 16; Nep. Them. 2, 4; Verg. A. 3, 248:

bellumne populo Romano Lampsacena civitas facere conabatur?

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 31, § 79:

bellum patriae faciet,

id. Mil. 23, 63; id. Cat. 3, 9, 22:

civitatem Eburonum populo Romano bellum facere ausam,

Caes. B. G. 5, 28; cf. id. ib. 7, 2;

3, 29: constituit bellum facere,

Sall. C. 26, 5; 24, 2:

occupant bellum facere,

they are the first to begin the war, Liv. 1, 14, 4:

ut bellum cum Priscis Latinis fieret,

id. 1, 32, 13:

populus Palaepolitanis bellum fieri jussit,

id. 8, 22, 8; cf. Nep. Dion, 4, 3; id. Ages. 2, 1.— Coupled with instruere, to sustain a war:

urbs quae bellum facere atque instruere possit,

Cic. Agr. 2, 28, 77.—Bellum facere had become obsolete at Seneca's time, Sen. Ep. 114, 17.—

Bellum oritur or exoritur, a war begins:

subito bellum in Gallia ex, ortum est,

Caes. B. G. 3, 7:

aliud multo propius bellum ortum,

Liv. 1, 14, 4:

Veiens bellum exortum,

id. 2, 53, 1.—

bellum

(ante-class. and poet.

duel-lum

), i, n. [Sanscr. dva, dvi, dus; cf. Germ. zwei; Engl. two, twice; for the change from initial du- to b-, cf. bis for duis, and v. the letter B, and Varr. L. L. 5, § 73 Mull.; 7, § 49 ib.], war.

Form duellum: duellum, bellum, videlicet quod duabus partibus de victoria contendentibus dimicatur. Inde est perduellis, qui pertinaciter retinet bellum, Paul. ex Fest. p. 66, 17 Mull.:

bellum antea duellum vocatum eo quod duae sunt dimicantium partes... Postea mutata littera dictum bellum,

Isid. Orig. 18, 1, 9: hos pestis necuit, pars occidit illa duellis, Enn. ap. Prisc. p. 9, 861 P. (Ann. v. 549 Vahl.):

legiones reveniunt domum Exstincto duello maximo atque internecatis hostibus,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 35:

quae domi duellique male fecisti,

id. As. 3, 2, 13.—So in archaic style, or in citations from ancient documents:

quique agent rem duelli,

Cic. Leg. 2, 8, 21:

aes atque ferrum, duelli instrumenta,

id. ib. 2, 18, 45 (translated from the Platonic laws):

puro pioque duello quaerendas (res) censeo,

Liv. 1, 32, 12 (quoted from ancient transactions); so,

quod duellum populo Romano cum Carthaginiensi est,

id. 22, 10, 2:

victoriaque duelli populi Romani erit,

id. 23, 11, 2:

si duellum quod cum rege Antiocho sumi populus jussit,

id. 36, 2, 2;

and from an ancient inscription' duello magno dirimendo, etc.,

id. 40, 52, 5.— Poet.:

hic... Pacem duello miscuit,

Hor. C. 3, 5, 38:

cadum Marsi memorem duelli,

id. ib. 3, 14, 18:

vacuum duellis Janum Quirini clausit,

id. ib. 4, 15, 8; cf. id. Ep. 1, 2, 7; 2, 1, 254; 2, 2, 98; Ov. F. 6, 201; Juv. 1, 169— [p. 227]

Form bellum.

War, warfare (abstr.), or a war, the war (concr.), i.e. hostilities between two nations (cf. tumultus).

Specifying the enemy.

By adjj. denoting the nation:

omnibus Punicis Siciliensibusque bellis,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 47, § 124:

aliquot annis ante secundum Punicum bellum,

id. Ac. 2, 5, 13:

Britannicum bellum,

id. Att. 4, 16, 13:

Gallicum,

id. Prov. Cons. 14, 35:

Germanicum,

Caes. B. G. 3, 28:

Sabinum,

Liv. 1, 26, 4:

Parthicum,

Vell. 2, 46, 2;

similarly: bellum piraticum,

the war against the pirates, Vell. 2, 33, 1.—Sometimes the adj. refers to the leader or king of the enemy:

Sertorianum bellum,

Cic. Phil. 11, 8, 18:

Mithridaticum,

id. Imp. Pomp. 3, 7:

Jugurthinum,

Hor. Epod. 9, 23; Vell. 2, 11, 1;

similarly: bellum regium,

the war against kings, Cic. Imp. Pomp. 17, 50. —Or it refers to the theatre of the war:

bellum Africanum, Transalpinum,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 10, 28:

Asiaticum,

id. ib. 22, 64:

Africum,

Caes. B. C. 2, 32 fin.:

Actiacum,

Vell. 2, 86, 3:

Hispaniense,

id. 2, 55, 2.—

With gen. of the name of the nation or its leader: bellum Latinorum, the Latin war, i. e. against the Latins, Cic. N. D. 2, 2, 6:

Venetorum,

Caes. B. G. 3, 16:

Helvetiorum,

id. ib. 1, 40 fin.;

1, 30: Ambiorigis,

id. ib. 6, 29, 4:

Pyrrhi, Philippi,

Cic. Phil. 11, 7, 17:

Samnitium,

Liv. 7, 29, 2.—

With cum and abl. of the name.

Attributively:

cum Jugurtha, cum Cimbris, cum Teutonis bellum,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 20, 60:

belli causa cum Samnitibus,

Liv. 7, 29, 3:

hunc finem bellum cum Philippo habuit,

id. 33, 35, 12:

novum cum Antiocho instabat bellum,

id. 36, 36, 7; cf. id. 35, 40, 1; 38, 58, 8; 39, 1, 8; 44, 14, 7.—

With cum dependent on the verb:

quia bellum Aetolis esse dixi cum Aliis,

Plaut. Capt. prol. 59:

novi consules... duo bella habuere... alterum cum Tiburtibus,

Liv. 7, 17, 2; esp. with gero, v. 2. b. a infra.—

With adversus and acc. of the name.

Attributively:

bellum adversus Philippum,

Liv. 31, 1, 8:

bellum populus adversus Vestinos jussit,

id. 8, 29, 6.—

With adversus dependent on the verb: quod homines populi Hermunduli adversus populum Romanum bellum fecere, Cincius ap. Gell. 16, 14, 1: nos pro vobis bellum suscepimus adversus Philippum. Liv. 31, 31, 18:

ut multo acrius adversus duos quam adversus unum pararet bellum,

id. 45, 11, 8:

bellum quod rex adversus Datamem susceperat,

Nep. Dat. 8, 5.—

With contra and acc.:

cum bellum nefarium contra aras et focos, contra vitam fortunasque nostras... non comparari, sed geri jam viderem,

Cic. Phil. 3, 1, 1:

causam belli contra patriam inferendi,

id. ib. 2, 22, 53.—

With in and acc. (very rare):

Athenienses in Peloponnesios sexto et vicesimo anno bellum gerentes,

Nep. Lys. 1, 1.—

With inter and acc.:

hic finis belli inter Romanos ac Persea fuit,

Liv. 45, 9, 2.—

With apud and acc.:

secutum est bellum gestum apud Mutinam,

Nep. Att. 9, 1.—

With dat. of the enemy after inferre and facere, v. 2. a. k infra.—

With verbs.

Referring to the beginning of the war.

Bellum movere or commovere, to bring about, stir up a war:

summa erat observatio in bello movendo,

Cic. Off. 1, 11, 37:

bellum commotum a Scapula,

id. Fam. 9, 13, 1:

nuntiabant alii... in Apulia servile bellum moveri,

Sall. C. 30, 2:

is primum Volscis bellum in ducentos amplius... annos movit,

Liv. 1, 53, 2:

insequenti anno Veiens bellum motum,

id. 4, 58, 6:

dii pium movere bellum,

id. 8, 6, 4; cf. Verg. A. 10, 627; id. G. 1, 509; so,

concitare,

Liv. 7, 27, 5; and ciere ( poet.), Verg. A. 1, 541; 6, 829; 12, 158.—

Bellum parare, comparare, apparare, or se praeparare bello, to prepare a war, or for a war:

cum tam pestiferum bellum pararet,

Cic. Att. 9, 13, 3:

bellum utrimque summopere parabatur,

Liv. 1, 23, 1; cf. id. 45, 11, 8 (v. II. A. 1. d. b supra); Nep. Hann. 2, 6; Quint. 12, 3, 5; Ov. M. 7, 456; so,

parare alicui,

Nep. Alcib. 9, 5:

bellum terra et mari comparat,

Cic. Att. 10, 4, 3:

tantum bellum... Cn. Pompeius extrema hieme apparavit, ineunte vere suscepit, media aestate confecit,

id. Imp. Pomp. 12, 3, 5:

bellum omnium consensu apparari coeptum,

Liv. 4, 55, 7:

numquam imperator ita paci credit, ut non se praeparet bello,

Sen. Vit. Beat. 26, 2.—

Bellum differre, to postpone a war:

nec jam poterat bellum differri,

Liv. 2, 30, 7:

mors Hamilcaris et pueritia Hannibalis distulerunt bellum,

id. 21, 2, 3; cf. id. 5, 5, 3.—

Bellum sumere, to undertake, begin a war (not in Caesar):

omne bellum sumi facile, ceterum aegerrume desinere,

Sall. J. 83, 1:

prius tamen omnia pati decrevit quam bellum sumere,

id. ib. 20, 5:

de integro bellum sumit,

id. ib. 62, 9:

iis haec maxima ratio belli sumendi fuerat,

Liv. 38, 19, 3:

sumi bellum etiam ab ignavis, strenuissimi cujusque periculo geri,

Tac. H. 4, 69; cf. id. A. 2, 45; 13, 34; 15, 5; 15, 7; id. Agr. 16.—

Bellum suscipere (rarely inire), to undertake, commence a war, join in a war:

bellum ita suscipiatur ut nihil nisi pax quaesita videatur,

Cic. Off. 1, 23, 80:

suscipienda quidem bella sunt ob eam causam ut, etc.,

id. ib. 1, 11, 35:

judicavit a plerisque ignoratione... bellum esse susceptum,

join, id. Marcell. 5, 13; id. Imp. Pomp. 12, 35 (v. supra):

cum avertisset plebem a suscipiendo bello,

undertaking, Liv. 4, 58, 14:

senatui cum Camillo agi placuit ut bellum Etruscum susciperet,

id. 6, 9, 5:

bella non causis inita, sed ut eorum merces fuit,

Vell. 2, 3, 3.—

Bellum consentire = bellum consensu decernere, to decree a war by agreement, to ratify a declaration of war (rare):

consensit et senatus bellum,

Liv. 8, 6, 8:

bellum erat consensum,

id. 1, 32, 12.—

Bellum alicui mandare, committere, decernere, dare, gerendum dare, ad aliquem deferre, or aliquem bello praeficere, praeponere, to assign a war to one as a commander, to give one the chief command in a war:

sed ne tum quidem populus Romanus ad privatum detulit bellum,

Cic. Phil. 11, 8, 18:

populus Romanus consuli... bellum gerendum dedit,

id. ib.:

cur non... eidem... hoc quoque bellum regium committamus?

id. Imp. Pomp. 17, 50:

Camillus cui id bellum mandatum erat,

Liv. 5, 26, 3:

Volscum bellum M. Furio extra ordinem decretum,

id. 6, 22, 6:

Gallicum bellum Popilio extra ordinem datum,

id. 7, 23, 2:

quo die a vobis maritimo bello praepositus est imperator,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 15, 44:

cum ei (bello) imperatorem praeficere possitis, in quo sit eximia belli scientia,

id. ib. 16, 49:

hunc toti bello praefecerunt,

Caes. B. G. 5, 11 fin.:

alicui bellum suscipiendum dare,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 19, 58:

bellum administrandum permittere,

id. ib. 21, 61.—

Bellum indicere alicui, to declare war against (the regular expression; coupled with facere in the ancient formula of the pater patratus), also bellum denuntiare: ob eam rem ego... populo Hermundulo... bellum (in)dico facioque, Cincius ap. Gell. 16, 14, 1:

ob eam rem ego populusque Romanus populis... Latinis bellum indico facioque,

Liv. 1, 32, 13:

Corinthiis bellum indicamus an non?

Cic. Inv. 1, 12, 17:

ex quo intellegi potest, nullum bellum esse justum nisi quod aut rebus repetitis geratur, aut denuntiatum ante sit et indictum,

id. Off. 1, 11, 36; id. Rep. 3, 23, 35:

bellum indici posse existimabat,

Liv. 1, 22, 4:

ni reddantur (res) bellum indicere jussos,

id. 1, 22, 6:

ut... nec gererentur solum sed etiam indicerentur bella aliquo ritu, jus... descripsit quo res repetuntur,

id. 1, 32, 5; cf. id. 1, 32, 9; 2, 18, 11; 2, 38, 5; Verg. A. 7, 616.—

Bellum inferre alicui (cf. contra aliquem, 1. e. supra; also bellum facere; absol., with dat., or with cum and abl.), to begin a war against ( with), to make war on:

Denseletis nefarium bellum intulisti,

Cic. Pis. 34, 84:

ei civitati bellum indici atque inferri solere,

id. Verr. 2, 1, 31, § 79:

qui sibi Galliaeque bellum intulissent,

Caes. B. G. 4, 16; Nep. Them. 2, 4; Verg. A. 3, 248:

bellumne populo Romano Lampsacena civitas facere conabatur?

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 31, § 79:

bellum patriae faciet,

id. Mil. 23, 63; id. Cat. 3, 9, 22:

civitatem Eburonum populo Romano bellum facere ausam,

Caes. B. G. 5, 28; cf. id. ib. 7, 2;

3, 29: constituit bellum facere,

Sall. C. 26, 5; 24, 2:

occupant bellum facere,

they are the first to begin the war, Liv. 1, 14, 4:

ut bellum cum Priscis Latinis fieret,

id. 1, 32, 13:

populus Palaepolitanis bellum fieri jussit,

id. 8, 22, 8; cf. Nep. Dion, 4, 3; id. Ages. 2, 1.— Coupled with instruere, to sustain a war:

urbs quae bellum facere atque instruere possit,

Cic. Agr. 2, 28, 77.—Bellum facere had become obsolete at Seneca's time, Sen. Ep. 114, 17.—

Bellum oritur or exoritur, a war begins:

subito bellum in Gallia ex, ortum est,

Caes. B. G. 3, 7:

aliud multo propius bellum ortum,

Liv. 1, 14, 4:

Veiens bellum exortum,

id. 2, 53, 1.—

Referring to the carrying on of the war: bellum gerere, to carry on a war; absol., with cum and abl., per and acc., or in and abl. (cf.:

bellum gerere in aliquem, 1. a. and f. supra): nisi forte ego vobis... cessare nunc videor cum bella non gero,

Cic. Sen. 6, 18:

cum Celtiberis, cum Cimbris bellum ut cum inimicis gerebatur,

id. Off. 1, 12, 38:

cum ei bellum ut cum rege Perse gereret obtigisset,

id. Div. 1, 46, 103:

erant hae difficultates belli gerendi,

Caes. B. G. 3, 10:

bellum cum Germanis gerere constituit,

id. ib. 4, 6:

Cn. Pompeius in extremis terris bellum gerebat,

Sall. C. 16, 5:

bellum quod Hannibale duce Carthaginienses cum populo Romano gessere,

Liv. 21, 1, 1:

alter consul in Sabinis bellum gessit,

id. 2, 62, 3:

de exercitibus per quos id bellum gereretur,

id. 23, 25, 5:

Chabrias bella in Aegypto sua sponte gessit,

Nep. Chabr, 2, 1.—Sometimes bellum administrare only of the commander, Cic. Imp. Pomp. 15, 43; Nep. Chabr. 2, 1. —Also (very rare):

bellum bellare,

Liv. 8, 40, 1 (but belligerantes is absol., Enn. ap. Cic. Off. 1, 12, 38; Ann. v. 201 Vahl.);

in the same sense: bellum agere,

Nep. Hann. 8, 3. —As a synonym:

bello persequi aliquem,

Nep. Con. 4, 1; cf. Liv. 3, 25, 3.—

Trahere or ducere bellum, to protract a war:

necesse est enim aut trahi id bellum, aut, etc.,

Cic. Att. 10, 8, 2:

bellum trahi non posse,

Sall. J. 23, 2:

belli trahendi causa,

Liv. 5, 11, 8:

morae qua trahebant bellum paenitebat,

id. 9, 27, 5:

suadere institui ut bellum duceret,

Cic. Fam. 7, 3, 2:

bellum enim ducetur,

id. ad Brut. 1, 18, 6; Nep. Alcib. 8, 1; id. Dat. 8, 4;

similarly: cum his molliter et per dilationes bellum geri oportet?

Liv. 5, 5, 1.—

Bellum repellere, defendere, or propulsare, to ward off, defend one ' s self against a war:

bellum Gallicum C. Caesare imperatore gestum est, antea tantummodo repulsum,

Cic. Prov. Cons. 13, 32:

quod bellum non intulerit sed defenderit,

Caes. B. G. 1, 44:

Samnitium vix a se ipsis eo tempore propulsantium bellum,

Liv. 8, 37, 5.—

Referring to the end of a war.

Bellum deponere, ponere, or omittere, to give up, discontinue a war:

in quo (i.e. bello) et gerendo et deponendo jus ut plurimum valeret lege sanximus,

Cic. Leg. 2, 14, 34:

(bellum) cum deponi victores velint,

Sall. J. 83, 1:

bellum decem ferme annis ante depositum erat,

Liv. 31, 1, 8:

nos depositum a vobis bellum et ipsi omisimus,

id. 31, 31, 19:

dicit posse condicionibus bellum poni,

Sall. J. 112, 1:

bellum grave cum Etruria positum est,

id. H. Fragm. 1, 9 Dietsch:

velut posito bello,

Liv. 1, 53, 5:

manere bellum quod positum simuletur,

id. 1, 53, 7:

posito ubique bello,

Tac. H. 2, 52; cf. Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 93; Verg. A. 1, 291:

omisso Romano bello Porsinna filium Arruntem Ariciam... mittit,

Liv. 2, 14, 5.—

Bellum componere, to end a war by agreement, make peace:

timerent ne bellum componeretur,

Cic. Fam. 10, 33, 3:

si bellum compositum foret,

Sall. J. 97, 2:

belli componendi licentiam,

id. ib. 103, 3; cf. Nep. Ham. 1, 5; id. Hann. 6, 2; id. Alcib. 8, 3; Verg. A. 12, 109;

similarly: bellum sedare,

Nep. Dat. 8, 5.—

Bellum conficere, perficere, finire, to finish, end a war; conficere (the most usual term) and perficere, = to finish a war by conquering; finire (rare), without implying success:

is bellum confecerit qui Antonium oppresserit,

Cic. Fam. 11, 12, 2:

bellumque maximum conficies,

id. Rep. 6, 11, 11:

confecto Mithridatico bello,

id. Prov. Cons. 11, 27; cf. id. Fam. 5, 10, 3; id. Imp. Pomp. 14, 42:

quo proelio... bellum Venetorum confectum est,

Caes. B. G. 3, 16; cf. id. ib. 1, 30; 1, 44; 1, 54; 3, 28;

4, 16: bello confecto de Rhodiis consultum est,

Sall. C. 51, 5; cf. id. J. 36, 1; 114, 3:

neminem nisi bello confecto pecuniam petiturum esse,

Liv. 24, 18, 11; cf. id. 21, 40, 11; 23, 6, 2; 31, 47, 4; 32, 32, 6;

36, 2, 3: bello perfecto,

Caes. B. C. 3, 18, 5; Liv. 1, 38, 3:

se quo die hostem vidisset perfecturum (i. e. bellum),

id. 22, 38, 7; 31, 4, 2; cf. id. 3, 24, 1; 34, 6, 12; Just. 5, 2, 11:

neque desiturum ante... quam finitum aliqua tolerabili condicione bellum videro,

Liv. 23, 12, 10: finito ex maxima parte.. [p. 228] italico bello, Vell. 2, 17, 1; Curt. 3, 1, 9; Tac. A. 15, 17; Just. 16, 2, 6; 24, 1, 8; Verg. A. 11, 116.—

Less usual connections:

bellum delere: non modo praesentia sed etiam futura bella delevit,

Cic. Lael. 3, 11; cf. Nep. Alcib. 8, 4:

alere ac fovere bellum,

Liv. 42, 11, 5:

bellum navare alicui,

Tac. H. 5, 25:

spargere,

id. A. 3, 21; id. Agr. 38; Luc. 2, 682:

serere,

Liv. 21, 10, 4:

circumferre,

Tac. A. 13, 37:

exercere,

id. ib. 6, 31:

quam celeriter belli impetus navigavit ( = quam celeriter navale bellum gestum est),

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 12, 34; so Flor. 2, 2, 17:

bellum ascendit in rupes,

id. 4, 12, 4:

bellum serpit in proximos,

id. 2, 9, 4; cf. id. 2, 2, 15:

bella narrare,

Cic. Or. 9, 30:

canere bella,

Quint. 10, 1, 91:

bella legere,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 10, 28.—

As object denoting place or time.

Proficisci ad bellum, to depart for the war.

Of the commander:

consul sortitu ad bellum profectus,

Cic. Phil. 14, 2, 4; cf. id. Cat. 1, 13, 33:

ipse ad bellum Ambiorigis profectus,

Caes. B. G. 6, 29, 4:

ut duo ex tribunis ad bellum proficiscerentur,

Liv. 4, 45, 7; cf. id. 6, 2, 9: Nep. Alcib. 4, 1; Sall. H. 2, 96 Dietsch. —Post-class.:

in bellum,

Just. 2, 11, 9; Gell. 17, 9, 8.—

Of persons partaking in a war:

si proficiscerer ad bellum,

Cic. Fam. 7, 3, 1. —

Ad bellum mittere, of the commander, Cic. Imp. Pomp. 17, 50; 21, 62.—

In bella ruere, Verg. A. 7, 782; 9, 182:

in bella sequi,

id. ib. 8, 547.—

Of time.

In the locative case belli, in war, during war; generally with domi ( = domi militiaeque):

valete, judices justissimi, domi bellique duellatores,

Plaut. Capt. prol. 68; so,

domi duellique,

id. As. 3, 2, 13 (v. I. supra):

quibuscunque rebus vel belli vel domi poterunt rem publicam augeant,

Cic. Off. 2, 24, 85:

paucorum arbitrio belli domique agitabatur,

Sall. J. 41, 7:

animus belli ingens, domi modicus,

id. ib. 63, 2; Liv. 2, 50, 11; 1, 36, 6; so id. 3, 43, 1; cf.:

bello domique,

id. 1, 34, 12:

domi belloque,

id. 9, 26, 21; and:

neque bello, neque domi,

id. 4, 35, 3.—Without domi:

simul rem et gloriam armis belli repperi,

Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 60 (where belli may be taken with gloriam; cf.

Wagn. ad loc.): magnae res temporibus illis a fortissimis viris... belli gerebantur,

Cic. Rep. 2, 32, 86.—

In bello or in bellis, during war or wars, in the war, in the wars; with adj.:

ad haec quae in civili bello fecerit,

Cic. Phil. 2, 19, 47; cf. id. ib. 14, 8, 22:

in ipso bello eadem sensi,

id. Marcell. 5, 14:

in Volsco bello virtus enituit,

Liv. 2, 24, 8:

in eo bello,

id. 23, 46, 6:

in Punicis bellis, Plin.8, 14, 14, § 37: in bello Trojano,

id. 30, 1, 2, § 5.—Without adj.:

ut fit in bello, capitur alter filius,

Plaut. Capt. prol. 25:

qui in bello occiderunt,

Cic. Fam. 9, 5, 2:

quod in bello saepius vindicatum est in eos, etc.,

Sall. C. 9, 4:

non in bello solum, sed etiam in pace,

Liv. 1, 15, 8; 2, 23, 2:

in bello parta,

Quint. 5, 10, 42; 12, 1, 28.—

Abl. bello or bellis = in bello or in bellis (freq.); with adjj.: nos semper omnibus Punicis Siciliensibusque bellis amicitiam fidemque populi Romani secuti sumus. Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 47, § 124:

bello Italico,

id. Pis. 36, 87:

Veienti bello,

id. Div. 1, 44, 100:

domestico bello,

id. Planc. 29, 70:

qui Volsco, Aurunco Sabinoque militassent bello,

Liv. 23, 12, 11:

victor tot intra paucos dies bellis,

id. 2, 27, 1:

nullo bello, multis tamen proeliis victus,

id. 9, 18, 9:

bello civili,

Quint. 11, 1, 36.—With gen.:

praesentiam saepe divi suam declarant, ut et apud Regillum bello Latinorum,

Cic. N. D. 2, 2, 6:

suam felicitatem Helvetiorum bello esse perspectam,

Caes. B. G. 1, 40.—Without attrib.:

qui etiam bello victis regibus regna reddere consuevit,

Cic. Sest. 26, 57:

res pace belloque gestas,

Liv. 2, 1, 1:

egregieque rebus bello gestis,

id. 1, 33, 9; so id. 23, 12, 11:

ludi bello voti,

id. 4, 35. 3:

princeps pace belloque,

id. 7, 1, 9:

Cotyn bello juvisse Persea,

id. 45, 42, 7:

bello parta,

Quint. 5, 10, 15; cf. id. 7, 4, 22; Ov. M. 8, 19.—

Inter bellum (rare):

cujus originis morem necesse est... inter bellum natum esse,

Liv. 2, 14, 2:

inter haec bella consules... facti,

id. 2, 63, 1.—

Bellum in attributive connection.

Justum bellum.

A righteous war, Cic. Off. 1, 11, 36 (v. II. A. 2. a. th supra):

justum piumque bellum,

Liv. 1, 23, 4:

non loquor apud recusantem justa bella populum,

id. 7, 30, 17; so Ov. M. 8, 58; cf.: illa injusta sunt bella quae sine causa suscepta sunt, Cic. Rep. 3, 23, 35.—

A regular war (opp. a raid, etc.):

in fines Romanos excucurrerunt, populabundi magis quam justi more belli,

Liv. 1, 15, 1.—

For the different kinds of war: domesticum, civile, intestinum, externum, navale, maritimum, terra marique gestum, servile, sociale; v. hh. vv.—

Belli eventus or exitus, the result of a war:

quicunque belli eventus fuisset,

Cic. Marcell. 8, 24:

haud sane alio animo belli eventum exspectabant,

Sall. C. 37, 9:

eventus tamen belli minus miserabilem dimicationem fecit,

Liv. 1, 23, 2; cf. id. 7, 11, 1:

exitus hujus calamitosissimi belli,

Cic. Fam. 6, 21, 1:

cum esset incertus exitus et anceps fortuna belli,

id. Marcell. 5, 15; so id. Off. 2, 8,:

Britannici belli exitus exspectatur,

id. Att. 4, 16, 13:

cetera bella maximeque Veiens incerti exitus erant,

Liv. 5, 16, 8.—

Fortuna belli, the chances of war:

adeo varia fortuna belli ancepsque Mars fuit ut,

Liv. 21, 1, 2; cf. Cic. Marcell. 5, 15 (v. c. supra).—

Belli artes, military skill:

cuilibet superiorum regum belli pacisque et artibus et gloria par,

Liv. 1, 35, 1:

haud ignotas belli artes,

id. 21, 1, 2:

temperata et belli et pacis artibus erat civitas,

id. 1, 21, 6.—

Jus belli, the law of war: jura belli, the rights ( law) of war:

in re publica maxime servanda sunt jura belli,

Cic. Off. 1, 11, 34:

sunt et belli sicut pacis jura,

Liv. 5, 27, 6:

jure belli res vindicatur,

Gai. Inst. 3, 94.—

Belli duces praestantissimos, the most excellent captains, generals, Cic. Or. 1, 2, 7:

trium simul bellorum victor,

a victor in three wars, Liv. 6, 4, 1 (cf.:

victor tot bellis,

id. 2, 27, 1). —

Belli vulnera, Cic. Marcell. 8, 24.—

Transf.

Of things concr. and abstr.:

qui parietibus, qui tectis, qui columnis ac postibus meis... bellum intulistis,

Cic. Dom. 23, 60:

bellum contra aras et focos,

id. Phil. 3, 1, 1:

miror cur philosophiae... bellum indixeris,

id. Or. 2, 37, 155:

ventri Indico bellum,

Hor. S. 1, 5, 8.—

Of animals:

milvo est quoddam bellum quasi naturale cum corvo,

Cic. N. D. 2, 49, 125:

hanc Juno Esse jussit gruem, populisque suis indicere bellum,

Ov. M. 6, 92.—

With individuals:

quid mihi opu'st... cum eis gerere bellum, etc.,

Plaut. Stich. 1, 2, 14:

nihil turpius quam cum eo bellum gerere quicum familiariter vixeris,

Cic. Lael. 21, 77:

cum mihi uni cum improbis aeternum videam bellum susceptum,

id. Sull. 9, 28:

hoc tibi juventus Romana indicimus bellum,

Liv. 2, 12, 11:

falsum testem justo ac pio bello persequebatur,

id. 3, 25, 3:

tribunicium domi bellum patres territat,

id. 3, 24, 1; cf. Plin. Ep. 1, 2, 57.—Ironically:

equus Trojanus qui tot invictos viros muliebre bellum gerentes tulerit ac texerit,

Cic. Cael. 28, 67.—

In mal. part., Hor. C. 3, 26, 3; 4, 1, 2.—

Personified as god of war ( = Janus):

tabulas duas quae Belli faciem pictam habent,

Plin. 35, 4, 10, § 27:

sunt geminae Belli portae, etc.,

Verg. A. 7, 607:

mortiferumque averso in limine Bellum,

id. ib. 6, 279.—

Plur.: bella, army ( poet.):

permanet Aonius Nereus violentus in undis, Bellaque non transfert (i.e. Graecorum exercitum),

Ov. M. 12, 24:

sed victae fera bella deae vexere per aequora,

Sil. 7, 472:

quid faciat bellis obsessus et undis?

Stat. Th. 9, 490.—

Battle, = proelium:

rorarii dicti a rore: qui bellum committebant ante,

Varr. L. L. 7, 3, 92:

quod in bello saepius vindicatum in eos qui... tardius, revocati, bello excesserant,

Sall. C. 9, 4:

praecipua laus ejus belli penes consules fuit,

Liv. 8, 10, 7:

commisso statim bello,

Front. Strat. 1, 11, 2:

Actia bella,

Verg. A. 8, 675:

ingentem pugnam, ceu cetera nusquam Bella forent,

id. ib. 2, 439; cf. Flor. 3, 5, 11; Just. 2, 12; 18, 1 fin.; 24, 8; Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 98 (form duellum); Ov. H. 1, 1, 69; Verg. A. 8, 547; 12, 390; 12, 633; Stat. Th. 3, 666. —

Bellum = liber de bello:

quam gaudebat Bello suo Punico Naevius!

Cic. Sen. 14, 50.

Referring to the carrying on of the war: bellum gerere, to carry on a war; absol., with cum and abl., per and acc., or in and abl. (cf.:

bellum gerere in aliquem, 1. a. and f. supra): nisi forte ego vobis... cessare nunc videor cum bella non gero,

Cic. Sen. 6, 18:

cum Celtiberis, cum Cimbris bellum ut cum inimicis gerebatur,

id. Off. 1, 12, 38:

cum ei bellum ut cum rege Perse gereret obtigisset,

id. Div. 1, 46, 103:

erant hae difficultates belli gerendi,

Caes. B. G. 3, 10:

bellum cum Germanis gerere constituit,

id. ib. 4, 6:

Cn. Pompeius in extremis terris bellum gerebat,

Sall. C. 16, 5:

bellum quod Hannibale duce Carthaginienses cum populo Romano gessere,

Liv. 21, 1, 1:

alter consul in Sabinis bellum gessit,

id. 2, 62, 3:

de exercitibus per quos id bellum gereretur,

id. 23, 25, 5:

Chabrias bella in Aegypto sua sponte gessit,

Nep. Chabr, 2, 1.—Sometimes bellum administrare only of the commander, Cic. Imp. Pomp. 15, 43; Nep. Chabr. 2, 1. —Also (very rare):

bellum bellare,

Liv. 8, 40, 1 (but belligerantes is absol., Enn. ap. Cic. Off. 1, 12, 38; Ann. v. 201 Vahl.);

in the same sense: bellum agere,

Nep. Hann. 8, 3. —As a synonym:

bello persequi aliquem,

Nep. Con. 4, 1; cf. Liv. 3, 25, 3.—

Trahere or ducere bellum, to protract a war:

necesse est enim aut trahi id bellum, aut, etc.,

Cic. Att. 10, 8, 2:

bellum trahi non posse,

Sall. J. 23, 2:

belli trahendi causa,

Liv. 5, 11, 8:

morae qua trahebant bellum paenitebat,

id. 9, 27, 5:

suadere institui ut bellum duceret,

Cic. Fam. 7, 3, 2:

bellum enim ducetur,

id. ad Brut. 1, 18, 6; Nep. Alcib. 8, 1; id. Dat. 8, 4;

similarly: cum his molliter et per dilationes bellum geri oportet?

Liv. 5, 5, 1.—

Bellum repellere, defendere, or propulsare, to ward off, defend one ' s self against a war:

bellum Gallicum C. Caesare imperatore gestum est, antea tantummodo repulsum,

Cic. Prov. Cons. 13, 32:

quod bellum non intulerit sed defenderit,

Caes. B. G. 1, 44:

Samnitium vix a se ipsis eo tempore propulsantium bellum,

Liv. 8, 37, 5.—

Referring to the end of a war.

Bellum deponere, ponere, or omittere, to give up, discontinue a war:

in quo (i.e. bello) et gerendo et deponendo jus ut plurimum valeret lege sanximus,

Cic. Leg. 2, 14, 34:

(bellum) cum deponi victores velint,

Sall. J. 83, 1:

bellum decem ferme annis ante depositum erat,

Liv. 31, 1, 8:

nos depositum a vobis bellum et ipsi omisimus,

id. 31, 31, 19:

dicit posse condicionibus bellum poni,

Sall. J. 112, 1:

bellum grave cum Etruria positum est,

id. H. Fragm. 1, 9 Dietsch:

velut posito bello,

Liv. 1, 53, 5:

manere bellum quod positum simuletur,

id. 1, 53, 7:

posito ubique bello,

Tac. H. 2, 52; cf. Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 93; Verg. A. 1, 291:

omisso Romano bello Porsinna filium Arruntem Ariciam... mittit,

Liv. 2, 14, 5.—

Bellum componere, to end a war by agreement, make peace:

timerent ne bellum componeretur,

Cic. Fam. 10, 33, 3:

si bellum compositum foret,

Sall. J. 97, 2:

belli componendi licentiam,

id. ib. 103, 3; cf. Nep. Ham. 1, 5; id. Hann. 6, 2; id. Alcib. 8, 3; Verg. A. 12, 109;

similarly: bellum sedare,

Nep. Dat. 8, 5.—

Bellum conficere, perficere, finire, to finish, end a war; conficere (the most usual term) and perficere, = to finish a war by conquering; finire (rare), without implying success:

is bellum confecerit qui Antonium oppresserit,

Cic. Fam. 11, 12, 2:

bellumque maximum conficies,

id. Rep. 6, 11, 11:

confecto Mithridatico bello,

id. Prov. Cons. 11, 27; cf. id. Fam. 5, 10, 3; id. Imp. Pomp. 14, 42:

quo proelio... bellum Venetorum confectum est,

Caes. B. G. 3, 16; cf. id. ib. 1, 30; 1, 44; 1, 54; 3, 28;

4, 16: bello confecto de Rhodiis consultum est,

Sall. C. 51, 5; cf. id. J. 36, 1; 114, 3:

neminem nisi bello confecto pecuniam petiturum esse,

Liv. 24, 18, 11; cf. id. 21, 40, 11; 23, 6, 2; 31, 47, 4; 32, 32, 6;

36, 2, 3: bello perfecto,

Caes. B. C. 3, 18, 5; Liv. 1, 38, 3:

se quo die hostem vidisset perfecturum (i. e. bellum),

id. 22, 38, 7; 31, 4, 2; cf. id. 3, 24, 1; 34, 6, 12; Just. 5, 2, 11:

neque desiturum ante... quam finitum aliqua tolerabili condicione bellum videro,

Liv. 23, 12, 10: finito ex maxima parte.. [p. 228] italico bello, Vell. 2, 17, 1; Curt. 3, 1, 9; Tac. A. 15, 17; Just. 16, 2, 6; 24, 1, 8; Verg. A. 11, 116.—

Less usual connections:

bellum delere: non modo praesentia sed etiam futura bella delevit,

Cic. Lael. 3, 11; cf. Nep. Alcib. 8, 4:

alere ac fovere bellum,

Liv. 42, 11, 5:

bellum navare alicui,

Tac. H. 5, 25:

spargere,

id. A. 3, 21; id. Agr. 38; Luc. 2, 682:

serere,

Liv. 21, 10, 4:

circumferre,

Tac. A. 13, 37:

exercere,

id. ib. 6, 31:

quam celeriter belli impetus navigavit ( = quam celeriter navale bellum gestum est),

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 12, 34; so Flor. 2, 2, 17:

bellum ascendit in rupes,

id. 4, 12, 4:

bellum serpit in proximos,

id. 2, 9, 4; cf. id. 2, 2, 15:

bella narrare,

Cic. Or. 9, 30:

canere bella,

Quint. 10, 1, 91:

bella legere,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 10, 28.—

As object denoting place or time.

Proficisci ad bellum, to depart for the war.

Of the commander:

consul sortitu ad bellum profectus,

Cic. Phil. 14, 2, 4; cf. id. Cat. 1, 13, 33:

ipse ad bellum Ambiorigis profectus,

Caes. B. G. 6, 29, 4:

ut duo ex tribunis ad bellum proficiscerentur,

Liv. 4, 45, 7; cf. id. 6, 2, 9: Nep. Alcib. 4, 1; Sall. H. 2, 96 Dietsch. —Post-class.:

in bellum,

Just. 2, 11, 9; Gell. 17, 9, 8.—

Of persons partaking in a war:

si proficiscerer ad bellum,

Cic. Fam. 7, 3, 1. —

Ad bellum mittere, of the commander, Cic. Imp. Pomp. 17, 50; 21, 62.—

In bella ruere, Verg. A. 7, 782; 9, 182:

in bella sequi,

id. ib. 8, 547.—

Of time.

In the locative case belli, in war, during war; generally with domi ( = domi militiaeque):

valete, judices justissimi, domi bellique duellatores,

Plaut. Capt. prol. 68; so,

domi duellique,

id. As. 3, 2, 13 (v. I. supra):

quibuscunque rebus vel belli vel domi poterunt rem publicam augeant,

Cic. Off. 2, 24, 85:

paucorum arbitrio belli domique agitabatur,

Sall. J. 41, 7:

animus belli ingens, domi modicus,

id. ib. 63, 2; Liv. 2, 50, 11; 1, 36, 6; so id. 3, 43, 1; cf.:

bello domique,

id. 1, 34, 12:

domi belloque,

id. 9, 26, 21; and:

neque bello, neque domi,

id. 4, 35, 3.—Without domi:

simul rem et gloriam armis belli repperi,

Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 60 (where belli may be taken with gloriam; cf.

Wagn. ad loc.): magnae res temporibus illis a fortissimis viris... belli gerebantur,

Cic. Rep. 2, 32, 86.—

In bello or in bellis, during war or wars, in the war, in the wars; with adj.:

ad haec quae in civili bello fecerit,

Cic. Phil. 2, 19, 47; cf. id. ib. 14, 8, 22:

in ipso bello eadem sensi,

id. Marcell. 5, 14:

in Volsco bello virtus enituit,

Liv. 2, 24, 8:

in eo bello,

id. 23, 46, 6:

in Punicis bellis, Plin.8, 14, 14, § 37: in bello Trojano,

id. 30, 1, 2, § 5.—Without adj.:

ut fit in bello, capitur alter filius,

Plaut. Capt. prol. 25:

qui in bello occiderunt,

Cic. Fam. 9, 5, 2:

quod in bello saepius vindicatum est in eos, etc.,

Sall. C. 9, 4:

non in bello solum, sed etiam in pace,

Liv. 1, 15, 8; 2, 23, 2:

in bello parta,

Quint. 5, 10, 42; 12, 1, 28.—

Abl. bello or bellis = in bello or in bellis (freq.); with adjj.: nos semper omnibus Punicis Siciliensibusque bellis amicitiam fidemque populi Romani secuti sumus. Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 47, § 124:

bello Italico,

id. Pis. 36, 87:

Veienti bello,

id. Div. 1, 44, 100:

domestico bello,

id. Planc. 29, 70:

qui Volsco, Aurunco Sabinoque militassent bello,

Liv. 23, 12, 11:

victor tot intra paucos dies bellis,

id. 2, 27, 1:

nullo bello, multis tamen proeliis victus,

id. 9, 18, 9:

bello civili,

Quint. 11, 1, 36.—With gen.:

praesentiam saepe divi suam declarant, ut et apud Regillum bello Latinorum,

Cic. N. D. 2, 2, 6:

suam felicitatem Helvetiorum bello esse perspectam,

Caes. B. G. 1, 40.—Without attrib.:

qui etiam bello victis regibus regna reddere consuevit,

Cic. Sest. 26, 57:

res pace belloque gestas,

Liv. 2, 1, 1:

egregieque rebus bello gestis,

id. 1, 33, 9; so id. 23, 12, 11:

ludi bello voti,

id. 4, 35. 3:

princeps pace belloque,

id. 7, 1, 9:

Cotyn bello juvisse Persea,

id. 45, 42, 7:

bello parta,

Quint. 5, 10, 15; cf. id. 7, 4, 22; Ov. M. 8, 19.—

Inter bellum (rare):

cujus originis morem necesse est... inter bellum natum esse,

Liv. 2, 14, 2:

inter haec bella consules... facti,

id. 2, 63, 1.—

Bellum in attributive connection.

Justum bellum.

A righteous war, Cic. Off. 1, 11, 36 (v. II. A. 2. a. th supra):

justum piumque bellum,

Liv. 1, 23, 4:

non loquor apud recusantem justa bella populum,

id. 7, 30, 17; so Ov. M. 8, 58; cf.: illa injusta sunt bella quae sine causa suscepta sunt, Cic. Rep. 3, 23, 35.—

A regular war (opp. a raid, etc.):

in fines Romanos excucurrerunt, populabundi magis quam justi more belli,

Liv. 1, 15, 1.—

For the different kinds of war: domesticum, civile, intestinum, externum, navale, maritimum, terra marique gestum, servile, sociale; v. hh. vv.—

Belli eventus or exitus, the result of a war:

quicunque belli eventus fuisset,

Cic. Marcell. 8, 24:

haud sane alio animo belli eventum exspectabant,

Sall. C. 37, 9:

eventus tamen belli minus miserabilem dimicationem fecit,

Liv. 1, 23, 2; cf. id. 7, 11, 1:

exitus hujus calamitosissimi belli,

Cic. Fam. 6, 21, 1:

cum esset incertus exitus et anceps fortuna belli,

id. Marcell. 5, 15; so id. Off. 2, 8,:

Britannici belli exitus exspectatur,

id. Att. 4, 16, 13:

cetera bella maximeque Veiens incerti exitus erant,

Liv. 5, 16, 8.—

Fortuna belli, the chances of war:

adeo varia fortuna belli ancepsque Mars fuit ut,

Liv. 21, 1, 2; cf. Cic. Marcell. 5, 15 (v. c. supra).—

Belli artes, military skill:

cuilibet superiorum regum belli pacisque et artibus et gloria par,

Liv. 1, 35, 1:

haud ignotas belli artes,

id. 21, 1, 2:

temperata et belli et pacis artibus erat civitas,

id. 1, 21, 6.—

Jus belli, the law of war: jura belli, the rights ( law) of war:

in re publica maxime servanda sunt jura belli,

Cic. Off. 1, 11, 34:

sunt et belli sicut pacis jura,

Liv. 5, 27, 6:

jure belli res vindicatur,

Gai. Inst. 3, 94.—

Belli duces praestantissimos, the most excellent captains, generals, Cic. Or. 1, 2, 7:

trium simul bellorum victor,

a victor in three wars, Liv. 6, 4, 1 (cf.:

victor tot bellis,

id. 2, 27, 1). —

Belli vulnera, Cic. Marcell. 8, 24.—

Transf.

Of things concr. and abstr.:

qui parietibus, qui tectis, qui columnis ac postibus meis... bellum intulistis,

Cic. Dom. 23, 60:

bellum contra aras et focos,

id. Phil. 3, 1, 1:

miror cur philosophiae... bellum indixeris,

id. Or. 2, 37, 155:

ventri Indico bellum,

Hor. S. 1, 5, 8.—

Of animals:

milvo est quoddam bellum quasi naturale cum corvo,

Cic. N. D. 2, 49, 125:

hanc Juno Esse jussit gruem, populisque suis indicere bellum,

Ov. M. 6, 92.—

With individuals:

quid mihi opu'st... cum eis gerere bellum, etc.,

Plaut. Stich. 1, 2, 14:

nihil turpius quam cum eo bellum gerere quicum familiariter vixeris,

Cic. Lael. 21, 77:

cum mihi uni cum improbis aeternum videam bellum susceptum,

id. Sull. 9, 28:

hoc tibi juventus Romana indicimus bellum,

Liv. 2, 12, 11:

falsum testem justo ac pio bello persequebatur,

id. 3, 25, 3:

tribunicium domi bellum patres territat,

id. 3, 24, 1; cf. Plin. Ep. 1, 2, 57.—Ironically:

equus Trojanus qui tot invictos viros muliebre bellum gerentes tulerit ac texerit,

Cic. Cael. 28, 67.—

In mal. part., Hor. C. 3, 26, 3; 4, 1, 2.—

Personified as god of war ( = Janus):

tabulas duas quae Belli faciem pictam habent,

Plin. 35, 4, 10, § 27:

sunt geminae Belli portae, etc.,

Verg. A. 7, 607:

mortiferumque averso in limine Bellum,

id. ib. 6, 279.—

Plur.: bella, army ( poet.):

permanet Aonius Nereus violentus in undis, Bellaque non transfert (i.e. Graecorum exercitum),

Ov. M. 12, 24:

sed victae fera bella deae vexere per aequora,

Sil. 7, 472:

quid faciat bellis obsessus et undis?

Stat. Th. 9, 490.—

Battle, = proelium:

rorarii dicti a rore: qui bellum committebant ante,

Varr. L. L. 7, 3, 92:

quod in bello saepius vindicatum in eos qui... tardius, revocati, bello excesserant,

Sall. C. 9, 4:

praecipua laus ejus belli penes consules fuit,

Liv. 8, 10, 7:

commisso statim bello,

Front. Strat. 1, 11, 2:

Actia bella,

Verg. A. 8, 675:

ingentem pugnam, ceu cetera nusquam Bella forent,

id. ib. 2, 439; cf. Flor. 3, 5, 11; Just. 2, 12; 18, 1 fin.; 24, 8; Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 98 (form duellum); Ov. H. 1, 1, 69; Verg. A. 8, 547; 12, 390; 12, 633; Stat. Th. 3, 666. —

Bellum = liber de bello:

quam gaudebat Bello suo Punico Naevius!

Cic. Sen. 14, 50.

* * *

* * *

ăb, ā, abs, prep. with abl. This IndoEuropean particle (Sanscr. apa or ava, Etr. av, Gr. upo, Goth. af, Old Germ. aba, New Germ. ab, Engl. of, off) has in Latin the following forms: ap, af, ab (av), au-, a, a; aps, abs, as-. The existence of the oldest form, ap, is proved by the oldest and best MSS. analogous to the prep. apud, the Sanscr. api, and Gr. epi, and by the weakened form af, which, by the rule of historical grammar and the nature of the Latin letter f, can be derived only from ap, not from ab. The form af, weakened from ap, also very soon became obsolete. There are but five examples of it in inscriptions, at the end of the sixth and in the course of the seventh century B. C., viz.:

AF VOBEIS,

Inscr. Orell. 3114;

AF MVRO,

ib. 6601;

AF CAPVA,

ib. 3308;

AF SOLO,

ib. 589;

AF LYCO,

ib. 3036 ( afuolunt =avolant, Paul. ex Fest. p. 26 Mull., is only a conjecture). In the time of Cicero this form was regarded as archaic, and only here and there used in account-books; v. Cic. Or. 47, 158 (where the correct reading is af, not abs or ab), and cf. Ritschl, Monum. Epigr. p. 7 sq.—The second form of this preposition, changed from ap, was ab, which has become the principal form and the one most generally used through all periods—and indeed the only oue used before all vowels and h; here and there also before some consonants, particularly l, n, r, and s; rarely before c, j, d, t; and almost never before the labials p, b, f, v, or before m, such examples as ab Massiliensibus, Caes. B. C. 1, 35, being of the most rare occurrence.—By changing the b of ab through v into u, the form au originated, which was in use only in the two compounds aufero and aufugio for abfero, ab-fugio; aufuisse for afuisse, in Cod. Medic. of Tac. A. 12, 17, is altogether unusual. Finally, by dropping the b of ab, and lengthening the a, ab was changed into a, which form, together with ab, predominated through all periods of the Latin language, and took its place before all consonants in the later years of Cicero, and after him almoet exclusively.—By dropping the b without lengthening the a, ab occurs in the form a- in the two compounds a-bio and a-perio, q. v.—On the other hand, instead of reducing ap to a and a, a strengthened collateral form, aps, was made by adding to ap the letter s (also used in particles, as in ex, mox, vix). From the first, aps was used only before the letters c, q, t, and was very soon changed into abs (as ap into ab):

abs chorago,

Plaut. Pers. 1, 3, 79 (159 Ritschl):

abs quivis,

Ter. Ad. 2, 3, 1:

abs terra,

Cato, R. R. 51;

and in compounds: aps-cessero,

Plaut. Trin. 3, 1, 24 (625 R.); id. ib. 3, 2, 84 (710 R): abs-condo, abs-que, abs-tineo, etc. The use of abs was confined almost exclusively to the combination abs te during the whole ante-classic period, and with Cicero till about the year 700 A. U. C. (=B. C. 54). After that time Cicero evidently hesitates between abs te and a te, but during the last five or six years of his life a te became predominant in all his writings, even in his letters; consequently abs te appears but rarely in later authors, as in Liv. 10, 19, 8; 26, 15, 12;

and who, perhaps, also used abs conscendentibus,

id. 28, 37, 2; v. Drakenb. ad. h. l. (Weissenb. ab).—Finally abs, in consequence of the following p, lost its b, and became ds- in the three compounds aspello, as-porto, and as-pernor (for asspernor); v. these words.—The late Lat. verb abbrevio may stand for adbrevio, the d of ad being assimilated to the following b.The fundamental signification of ab is departure from some fixed point (opp. to ad. which denotes motion to a point).

In space, and,

Fig., in time and other relations, in which the idea of departure from some point, as from source and origin, is included; Engl. from, away from, out of; down from; since, after; by, at, in, on, etc.

Lit., in space: ab classe ad urbem tendunt, Att. ap. Non. 495, 22 (Trag. Rel. p. 177 Rib.):

Caesar maturat ab urbe proficisci,

Caes. B. G. 1, 7:

fuga ab urbe turpissima,

Cic. Att. 7, 21:

ducite ab urbe domum, ducite Daphnim,

Verg. E. 8, 68. Cicero himself gives the difference between ab and ex thus: si qui mihi praesto fuerit cum armatis hominibus extra meum fundum et me introire prohibuerit, non ex eo, sed ab ( from, away from) eo loco me dejecerit....Unde dejecti Galli? A Capitolio. Unde, qui cum Graccho fucrunt? Ex Capitolio, etc., Cic. Caecin. 30, 87; cf. Diom. p. 408 P., and a similar distinction between ad and in under ad.—Ellipt.: Diogenes Alexandro roganti, ut diceret, si quid opus esset: Nunc quidem paululum, inquit, a sole, a little out of the sun, Cic. Tusc. 5, 32, 92. —Often joined with usque:

illam (mulierem) usque a mari supero Romam proficisci,

all the way from, Cic. Clu. 68, 192; v. usque, I.—And with ad, to denote the space passed over: siderum genus ab ortu ad occasum commeant, from... to, Cic. N. D. 2, 19 init.; cf. ab... in:

venti a laevo latere in dextrum, ut sol, ambiunt,

Plin. 2, 47, 48, § 128.

Sometimes with names of cities and small islands, or with domus (instead of the usual abl.), partie., in militnry and nautieal language, to denote the marching of soldiers, the setting out of a flcet, or the departure of the inhabitants from some place:

oppidum ab Aenea fugiente a Troja conditum,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 33:

quemadmodum (Caesar) a Gergovia discederet,

Caes. B. G. 7, 43 fin.; so id. ib. 7, 80 fin.; Sall. J. 61; 82; 91; Liv. 2, 33, 6 al.; cf.:

ab Arimino M. Antonium cum cohortibus quinque Arretium mittit,

Caes. B. C. 1, 11 fin.; and:

protinus a Corfinio in Siciliam miserat,

id. ib. 1, 25, 2:

profecti a domo,

Liv. 40, 33, 2;

of setting sail: cum exercitus vestri numquam a Brundisio nisi hieme summa transmiserint,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 12, 32; so id. Fam. 15, 3, 2; Caes. B. C. 3, 23; 3, 24 fin.:

classe qua advecti ab domo fuerant,

Liv. 8, 22, 6;

of citizens: interim ab Roma legatos venisse nuntiatum est,

Liv. 21, 9, 3; cf.:

legati ab Orico ad M. Valerium praetorem venerunt,

id. 24, 40, 2.

Sometimes with names of persons or with pronouns: pestem abige a me, Enn. ap. Cic. Ac. 2, 28, 89 (Trag. v. 50 Vahl.):

Quasi ad adulescentem a patre ex Seleucia veniat,

Plaut. Trin. 3, 3, 41; cf.:

libertus a Fuflis cum litteris ad Hermippum venit,

Cic. Fl. 20, 47:

Nigidium a Domitio Capuam venisse,

id. Att. 7, 24:

cum a vobis discessero,

id. Sen. 22:

multa merces tibi defluat ab Jove Neptunoque,

Hor. C. 1, 28, 29 al. So often of a person instead of his house, lodging, etc.: videat forte hic te a patre aliquis exiens, from the father, i. e. from his house, Ter. Heaut. 2, 2, 6:

so a fratre,

id. Phorm. 5, 1, 5:

a Pontio,

Cic. Att. 5, 3 fin.:

ab ea,

Ter. And. 1, 3, 21; and so often: a me, a nobis, a se, etc., from my, our, his house, etc., Plaut. Stich. 5, 1, 7; Ter. Heaut. 3, 2, 50; Cic. Att. 4, 9, 1 al.

Transf., without the idea of motion. To designate separation or distance, with the verbs abesse, distare, etc., and with the particles longe, procul, prope, etc.

Of separation:

ego te afuisse tam diu a nobis dolui,

Cic. Fam. 2, 1, 2:

abesse a domo paulisper maluit,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 18, § 39:

tum Brutus ab Roma aberat,

Sall. C. 40, 5:

absint lacerti ab stabulis,

Verg. G. 4, 14.—

Of distance:

quot milia fundus suus abesset ab urbe,

Cic. Caecin. 10, 28; cf.:

nos in castra properabamus, quae aberant bidui,

id. Att. 5, 16 fin.; and:

hic locus aequo fere spatio ab castris Ariovisti et Caesaris aberat,

Caes. B. G. 1, 43, 1:

terrae ab hujusce terrae, quam nos incolimus, continuatione distantes,

Cic. N. D. 2, 66, 164:

non amplius pedum milibus duobus ab castris castra distabant,

Caes. B. C. 1, 82, 3; cf. id. lb. 1, 3, 103.—With adverbs: annos multos longinque ab domo bellum gerentes, Enn. ap. Non. 402, 3 (Trag. v. 103 Vahl.):

cum domus patris a foro longe abesset,

Cic. Cael. 7, 18 fin.; cf.:

qui fontes a quibusdam praesidiis aberant longius,

Caes. B. C. 3, 49, 5:

quae procul erant a conspectu imperii,

Cic. Agr. 2, 32, 87; cf.:

procul a castris hostes in collibus constiterunt,

Caes. B. G. 5, 17, 1; and:

tu procul a patria Alpinas nives vides,

Verg. E. 10, 46 (procul often also with simple abl.;

v. procul): cum esset in Italia bellum tam prope a Sicilia, tamen in Sicilia non fuit,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 2, § 6; cf.:

tu apud socrum tuam prope a meis aedibus sedebas,

id. Pis. 11, 26; and:

tam prope ab domo detineri,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 3, § 6.—So in Caesar and Livy, with numerals to designate the measure of the distance:

onerariae naves, quae ex eo loco ab milibus passuum octo vento tenebatur,

eight miles distant, Caes. B. G. 4, 22, 4; and without mentioning the terminus a quo: ad castra contenderunt, et ab milibus passunm minus duobus castra posuerunt, less than two miles off or distant, id. ib. 2, 7, 3; so id. ib. 2, 5, 32; 6, 7, 3; id. B. C. 1, 65; Liv. 38, 20, 2 (for which:

duo milia fere et quingentos passus ab hoste posuerunt castra,

id. 37, 38, 5). —

To denote the side or direction from which an object is viewed in its local relations,=a parte, at, on, in: utrum hacin feriam an ab laeva latus? Enn. ap. Plaut. Cist. 3, 10 (Trag. v. 38 Vahl.); cf.:

picus et cornix ab laeva, corvos, parra ab dextera consuadent,

Plaut. As. 2, 1, 12: clamore ab ea parte audito. on this side, Caes. B. G. 3, 26, 4: Gallia Celtica attingit ab Sequanis et Helvetiis flumen Rhenum, on the side of the Sequani, i. e. their country, id. ib. 1, 1, 5:

pleraque Alpium ab Italia sicut breviora ita arrectiora sunt,

on the Italian side, Liv. 21, 35, 11:

non eadem diligentia ab decumuna porta castra munita,

at the main entrance, Caes. B. G. 3, 25 fin.:

erat a septentrionibus collis,

on the north, id. ib. 7, 83, 2; so, ab oriente, a meridie, ab occasu; a fronte, a latere, a tergo, etc. (v. these words).

Fig.

In time.

From a [p. 3] point of time, without reference to the period subsequently elapsed. After:

Exul ab octava Marius bibit,

Juv. 1,40:

mulieres jam ab re divin[adot ] adparebunt domi,

immediately after the sucrifice, Plaut. Poen. 3, 3, 4:

Caesar ab decimae legionis cohortatione ad dextrum cornu profectus,

Caes. B. G. 2, 25, 1:

ab hac contione legati missi sunt,

immediately after, Liv. 24, 22, 6; cf. id. 28, 33, 1; 40, 47, 8; 40, 49, 1 al.:

ab eo magistratu,

after this office, Sall. J. 63, 5:

a summa spe novissima exspectabat,

after the greatest hope, Tac. A. 6, 50 fin. —Strengthened by the adverbs primum, confestim, statim, protinus, or the adj. recens, immediately after, soon after:

ut primum a tuo digressu Romam veni,

Cic. Att. 1, 5, 4; so Suet. Tib. 68:

confestim a proelio expugnatis hostium castris,

Liv. 30, 36, 1:

statim a funere,

Suet. Caes. 85;

and followed by statim: ab itinere statim,

id. ib. 60:

protinus ab adoptione,

Vell. 2, 104, 3:

Homerus qui recens ab illorum actate fuit,

soon after their time, Cic. N. D. 3, 5; so Varr. R. R. 2, 8, 2; Verg. A. 6, 450 al. (v. also primum, confestim, etc.).—

Sometimes with the name of a person or place, instead of an action: ibi mihi tuae litterae binae redditae sunt tertio abs te die,

i. e. after their departure from you, Cic. Att. 5, 3, 1: in Italiam perventum est quinto mense a Carthagine Nov[adot ], i. e. after leaving (=postquam a Carthagine profecti sunt), Liv. 21, 38, 1:

secundo Punico (bello) Scipionis classis XL. die a securi navigavit,

i. e. after its having been built, Plin. 16, 39, 74, § 192. —Hence the poct. expression: ab his, after this (cf. ek toutôn), i. e. after these words, hereupon, Ov. M. 3, 273; 4, 329; 8, 612; 9, 764.

With reference to a subsequent period. From, since, after:

ab hora tertia bibebatur,

from the third hour, Cic. Phil. 2, 41:

infinito ex tempore, non ut antea, ab Sulla et Pompeio consulibus,

since the consulship of, id. Agr. 2, 21, 56:

vixit ab omni aeternitate,

from all eternity, id. Div. 1, 51, 115:

cum quo a condiscipulatu vivebat conjunctissime,

Nep. Att. 5, 3:

in Lycia semper a terrae motu XL. dies serenos esse,

after an earthquake, Plin. 2, 96, 98, § 211 al.:

centesima lux est haec ab interitu P. Clodii,

since the death of, Cic. Mil. 35, 98; cf.:

cujus a morte quintus hic et tricesimus annus est,

id. Sen. 6, 19; and:

ab incenso Capitolio illum esse vigesumiun annum,

since, Sall. C. 47, 2:

diebus triginta, a qua die materia caesa est,

Caes. B. C. 1, 36.—Sometimes joined with usque and inde:

quod augures omnes usque ab Romulo decreverunt,

since the time of, Cic. Vat. 8, 20:

jam inde ab infelici pugna ceciderant animi,

from the very beginning of, Liv. 2, 65 fin. —Hence the adverbial expressions ab initio, a principio, a primo, at, in, or from the beginning, at first; v. initium, principium, primus. Likewise ab integro, anew, afresh; v. integer.—Ab... ad, from (a time)... to:

ab hora octava ad vesperum secreto collocuti sumus,

Cic. Att. 7, 8, 4; cf.:

cum ab hora septima ad vesperum pugnatum sit,

Caes. B. G. 1, 26, 2; and:

a quo tempore ad vos consules anni sunt septingenti octoginta unus,

Vell. 1, 8, 4; and so in Plautus strengthened by usque:

pugnata pugnast usque a mane ad vesperum,

from morning to evening, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 97; id. Most. 3, 1, 3; 3, 2, 80.—Rarely ab... in: Romani ab sole orto in multum diei stetere in acie, from... till late in the day, Liv. 27, 2, 9; so Col. 2, 10, 17; Plin. 2, 31, 31, § 99; 2, 103, 106, § 229; 4, 12, 26, § 89.

Particularly with nouns denoting a time of life:

qui homo cum animo inde ab ineunte aetate depugnat suo,

from an early age, from early youth, Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 24; so Cic. Off. 2, 13, 44 al.:

mihi magna cum co jam inde a pueritia fuit semper famillaritas,

Ter. Heaut. 1, 2, 9; so,

a pueritia,

Cic. Tusc. 2, 11, 27 fin.; id. Fam. 5, 8, 4:

jam inde ab adulescentia,

Ter. Ad. 1, 1, 16:

ab adulescentia,

Cic. Rep. 2, 1:

jam a prima adulescentia,

id. Fam. 1, 9, 23:

ab ineunte adulescentia,

id. ib. 13, 21, 1; cf.

followed by ad: usque ad hanc aetatem ab incunte adulescentia,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 20:

a primis temporibus aetatis,

Cic. Fam. 4, 3, 3:

a teneris unguiculis,

from childhood, id. ib. 1, 6, 2:

usque a toga pura,

id. Att. 7, 8, 5:

jam inde ab incunabulis,

Liv. 4, 36, 5:

a prima lanugine,

Suet. Oth. 12:

viridi ab aevo,

Ov. Tr. 4, 10, 17 al.;

rarely of animals: ab infantia,

Plin. 10, 63, 83, § 182.—Instead of the nom. abstr. very often (like the Greek ek paioôn, etc.) with concrete substantives: a pucro, ab adulescente, a parvis, etc., from childhood, etc.:

qui olim a puero parvulo mihi paedagogus fuerat,

Plaut. Merc. 1, 1, 90; so,

a pausillo puero,

id. Stich. 1, 3, 21:

a puero,

Cic. Ac. 2, 36, 115; id. Fam. 13, 16, 4 (twice) al.:

a pueris,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 24, 57; id. de Or. 1, 1, 2 al.:

ab adulescente,

id. Quint. 3, 12:

ab infante,

Col. 1, 8, 2:

a parva virgine,

Cat. 66, 26 al. —Likewise and in the same sense with adject.: a parvo, from a little child, or childhood, Liv. 1, 39, 6 fin.; cf.:

a parvis,

Ter. And. 3, 3, 7; Cic. Leg. 2, 4, 9:

a parvulo,

Ter. And. 1, 1, 8; id. Ad. 1, 1, 23; cf.:

ab parvulis,

Caes. B. G. 6, 21, 3:

ab tenero,

Col. 5, 6, 20;

and rarely of animals: (vacca) a bima aut trima fructum ferre incipit,

Varr. R. R. 2, 1, 13.

In other relations in which the idea of going forth, proceeding, from something is included.

In gen. to denote departure, separation, deterring, avoiding, intermitting, etc., or distance, difference, etc., of inanimate or abstract things. From: jus atque aecum se a malis spernit procul, Enn. ap. Non. 399, 10 (Trag. v. 224 Vahl.):

suspitionem et culpam ut ab se segregent,

Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 42:

qui discessum animi a corpore putent esse mortem,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 9, 18:

hic ab artificio suo non recessit,

id. ib. 1, 10, 20 al.:

quod si exquiratur usque ab stirpe auctoritas,

Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 180:

condicionem quam ab te peto,

id. ib. 2, 4, 87; cf.:

mercedem gloriae flagitas ab iis, quorum, etc.,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 15, 34:

si quid ab illo acceperis,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 90:

quae (i. e. antiquitas) quo propius aberat ab ortu et divina progenie,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 12, 26:

ab defensione desistere,

Caes. B. C. 2, 12, 4:

ne quod tempus ab opere intermitteretur,

id. B. G. 7, 24, 2:

ut homines adulescentis a dicendi studio deterream,

Cic. de Or. 1, 25, 117, etc.—Of distance (in order, rank, mind, or feeling):

qui quartus ab Arcesila fuit,

the fourth in succession from, Cic. Ac. 1, 12, 46:

tu nunc eris alter ab illo,

next after him, Verg. E. 5, 49; cf.:

Aiax, heros ab Achille secundus,

next in rank to, Hor. S. 2, 3, 193:

quid hoc ab illo differt,

from, Cic. Caecin. 14, 39; cf.:

hominum vita tantum distat a victu et cultu bestiarum,

id. Off. 2, 4, 15; and:

discrepare ab aequitate sapientiam,

id. Rep. 3, 9 fin. (v. the verbs differo, disto, discrepo, dissideo, dissentio, etc.):

quae non aliena esse ducerem a dignitate,

Cic. Fam. 4, 7:

alieno a te animo fuit,

id. Deiot. 9, 24 (v. alienus). —So the expression ab re (qs. aside from the matter, profit; cf. the opposite, in rem), contrary to one's profit, to a loss, disadvantageous (so in the affirmative very rare and only ante-class.):

subdole ab re consulit,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 1, 12; cf. id. Capt. 2, 2, 88; more frequently and class. (but not with Cicero) in the negative, non, haud, ab re, not without advantage or profit, not useless or unprofitable, adcantageous:

haut est ab re aucupis,

Plaut. As. 1, 3, 71:

non ab re esse Quinctii visum est,

Liv. 35, 32, 6; so Plin. 27, 8, 35; 31, 3, 26; Suet. Aug. 94; id. Dom. 11; Gell. 18, 14 fin.; App. Dogm. Plat. 3, p. 31, 22 al. (but in Ter. Ad. 5, 3, 44, ab re means with respect to the money matter).

In partic.

To denote an agent from whom an action proceeds, or by whom a thing is done or takes place. By, and in archaic and solemn style, of. So most frequently with pass. or intrans. verbs with pass. signif., when the active object is or is considered as a living being: Laudari me abs te, a laudato viro, Naev. ap. Cic. Tusc. 4, 31, 67: injuria abs te afficior, Enn. ap. Auct. Her. 2, 24, 38:

a patre deductus ad Scaevolam,

Cic. Lael. 1, 1:

ut tamquam a praesentibus coram haberi sermo videretur,

id. ib. 1, 3:

disputata ab eo,

id. ib. 1, 4 al.:

illa (i. e. numerorum ac vocum vis) maxime a Graecia vetere celebrata,

id. de Or. 3, 51, 197:

ita generati a natura sumus,

id. Off. 1, 29, 103; cf.:

pars mundi damnata a rerum natura,

Plin. 4, 12, 26, § 88:

niagna adhibita cura est a providentia deorum,

Cic. N. D. 2, 51 al. —With intrans. verbs:

quae (i. e. anima) calescit ab eo spiritu,

is warmed by this breath, Cic. N. D. 2, 55, 138; cf. Ov. M. 1, 417: (mare) qua a sole collucet, Cic. Ac. 2, 105:

salvebis a meo Cicerone,

i. e. young Cicero sends his compliments to you, id. Att. 6, 2 fin.:

a quibus (Atheniensibus) erat profectus,

i. e. by whose command, Nep. Milt. 2, 3:

ne vir ab hoste cadat,

Ov. H. 9, 36 al. —A substantive or adjective often takes the place of the verb (so with de, q. v.):

levior est plaga ab amico quam a debitore,

Cic. Fam. 9, 16, 7; cf.:

a bestiis ictus, morsus, impetus,

id. Off. 2, 6, 19:

si calor est a sole,

id. N. D. 2, 52:

ex iis a te verbis (for a te scriptis),

id. Att. 16, 7, 5:

metu poenae a Romanis,

Liv. 32, 23, 9:

bellum ingens a Volscis et Aequis,

id. 3, 22, 2:

ad exsolvendam fldem a consule,

id. 27, 5, 6.—With an adj.:

lassus ab equo indomito,

Hor. S. 2, 2, 10:

Murus ab ingenic notior ille tuo,

Prop. 5, 1, 126:

tempus a nostris triste malis,

time made sad by our misfortunes, Ov. Tr. 4, 3, 36.—Different from per:

vulgo occidebantur: per quos et a quibus?

by whom and upon whose orders? Cic. Rosc. Am. 29, 80 (cf. id. ib. 34, 97: cujus consilio occisus sit, invenio; cujus manu sit percussus, non laboro); so,

ab hoc destitutus per Thrasybulum (i. e. Thrasybulo auctore),

Nep. Alc. 5, 4.—Ambiguity sometimes arises from the fact that the verb in the pass. would require ab if used in the active:

si postulatur a populo,

if the people demand it, Cic. Off. 2, 17, 58, might also mean, if it is required of the people; on the contrary: quod ab eo (Lucullo) laus imperatoria non admodum exspectabatur, not since he did not expect military renown, but since they did not expect military renown from him, Cic. Ac. 2, 1, 2, and so often; cf. Rudd. II. p. 213. (The use of the active dative, or dative of the agent, instead of ab with the pass., is well known, Zumpt, § 419. It is very seldom found in prose writers of the golden age of Roman liter.; with Cic. sometimes joined with the participles auditus, cognitus, constitutus, perspectus, provisus, susceptus; cf. Halm ad Cic. Imp. Pomp. 24, 71, and ad ejusdem, Cat. 1, 7 fin.; but freq. at a later period; e. g. in Pliny, in Books 2-4 of H. N., more than twenty times; and likewise in Tacitus seventeen times. Vid. the passages in Nipperd. ad Tac. A. 2, 49.) Far more unusual is the simple abl. in the designation of persons:

deseror conjuge,

Ov. H. 12, 161; so id. ib. 5, 75; id. M. 1, 747; Verg. A. 1, 274; Hor. C. 2, 4, 9; 1, 6, 2;

and in prose,

Quint. 3, 4, 2; Sen. Contr. 2, 1; Curt. 6, 7, 8; cf. Rudd. II. p. 212; Zumpt ad Quint. V. p. 122 Spalding.—Hence the adverbial phrase a se=uph heautou, sua sponte, of one's own uccord, spontaneously:

ipsum a se oritur et sua sponte nascitur,

Cic. Fin. 2, 24, 78:

(urna) ab se cantat quoja sit,

Plaut. Rud. 2, 5, 21 (al. eapse; cf. id. Men. 1, 2, 66); so Col. 11, 1, 5; Liv. 44, 33, 6.

With names of towns to denote origin, extraction, instead of gentile adjectives. From, of:

pastores a Pergamide,

Varr. R. R. 2, 2, 1:

Turnus ab Aricia,

Liv. 1, 50, 3 (for which Aricinus, id. 1, 51, 1):

obsides dant trecentos principum a Cora atque Pometia liberos,

Liv. 2, 22, 2; and poet.: O longa mundi servator ab Alba, Auguste, thou who art descended from the old Alban race of kings (=oriundus, or ortus regibus Albanis), Prop. 5, 6, 37.

In giving the etymology of a name: eam rem (sc. legem, Gr. nomon) illi Graeco putant nomine a suum cuique tribuendo appellatam, ego nostro a legendo, Cic. Leg. 1, 6, 19: annum intervallum regni fuit: id ab re... interregnum appellatum, Liv. 1, 17, 6:

(sinus maris) ab nomine propinquae urbis Ambracius appellatus,

id. 38, 4, 3; and so Varro in his Ling. Lat., and Pliny, in Books 1-5 of H. N., on almost every page. (Cf. also the arts. ex and de.)

With verbs of beginning and repeating: a summo bibere, in Plaut. to drink in succession from the one at the head of the table:

da, puere, ab summo,

Plaut. As. 5, 2, 41; so,

da ab Delphio cantharum circum, id Most. 1, 4, 33: ab eo nobis causa ordienda est potissimum,

Cic. Leg. 1, 7, 21:

coepere a fame mala,

Liv. 4, 12, 7:

cornicem a cauda de ovo exire,

tail-foremost, Plin. 10, 16, 18:

a capite repetis, quod quaerimus,

Cic. Leg. 1, 6, 18 al.

With verbs of freeing from, defending, or protecting against any thing:

a foliis et stercore purgato,

Cato, R. R. 65 (66), 1:

tantumne ab re tuast oti tibi?

Ter. Heaut. 1, [p. 4] 1, 23; cf.:

Saguntini ut a proeliis quietem habuerant,

Liv. 21, 11, 5:

expiandum forum ab illis nefarii sceleris vestigiis,

Cic. Rab. Perd. 4, 11:

haec provincia non modo a calamitate, sed etiam a metu calamitatis est defendenda,

id. Imp. Pomp. 6, 14 (v. defendo):

ab incendio urbem vigiliis munitam intellegebat,

Sall. C. 32:

ut neque sustinere se a lapsu possent,

Liv. 21, 35, 12:

ut meam domum metueret atque a me ipso caveret,

Cic. Sest. 64, 133.

With verbs of expecting, fearing, hoping, and the like, ab =a parte, as, Cic. Att. 9, 7, 4: cum eadem metuam ab hac parte, since I fear the same from this side; hence, timere, metuere ab aliquo, not, to be afraid of any one, but, to fear something (proceeding from) from him:

el metul a Chryside,

Ter. And. 1, 1, 79; cf.:

ab Hannibale metuens,

Liv. 23, 36; and:

metus a praetore,

id. 23, 15, 7;

v. Weissenb. ad h. l.: a quo quidem genere, judices, ego numquam timui,

Cic. Sull. 20, 59:

postquam nec ab Romanis robis ulla est spes,

you can expect nothing from the Romans, Liv. 21, 13, 4.

With verbs of fastening and holding:

funiculus a puppi religatus,

Cic. Inv. 2, 51, 154:

cum sinistra capillum ejus a vertice teneret,

Q. Cic. Pet. Cons. 3.

Ulcisci se ab aliquo, to take vengeance on one:

a ferro sanguis humanus se ulciscitur,

Plin. 34, 14, 41 fin.

Cognoscere ab aliqua re to knoio or learn by means of something (different from ab aliquo, to learn from some one):

id se a Gallicis armis atque insignibus cognovisse,

Caes. B. G. 1, 22.

Dolere, laborare, valere ab, instead of the simple abl.:

doleo ab animo, doleo ab oculis, doleo ab aegritudine,

Plaut. Cist. 1, 1, 62:

a morbo valui, ab animo aeger fui,

id. Ep. 1, 2, 26; cf. id. Aul. 2, 2, 9:

a frigore et aestu ne quid laborent,

Varr. R. R. 2, 2, 17; so,

a frigore laborantibus,

Plin. 32, 10, 46, § 133; cf.:

laborare ab re frumentaria,

Caes. B. G. 7, 10, 1; id. B. C. 3, 9; v. laboro.

Where verbs and adjectives are joined with ab, instead of the simple abl., ab defines more exactly the respect in which that which is expressed by the verb or adj. is to be understood, in relation to, with regard to, in respect to, on the part of:

ab ingenio improbus,

Plaut. Truc. 4, 3, 59:

a me pudica'st,

id. Curc. 1, 1, 51:

orba ab optimatibus contio,

Cic. Fl. 23, 54; ro Ov. H. 6,156: securos vos ab hac parte reddemus, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 24 fin. (v. securus):

locus copiosus a frumento,

Cic. Att. 5, 18, 2; cf.:

sumus imparati cum a militibas tum a pecunia,

id. ib. 7, 15 fin.:

ille Graecus ab omni laude felicior,

id. Brut. 16, 63:

ab una parte haud satis prosperuin,

Liv. 1, 32, 2 al.;

so often in poets ab arte=arte,

artfully, Tib. 1, 5, 4; 1, 9, 66; Ov. Am. 2, 4, 30.

In the statement of the motive instead of ex, propter, or the simple abl. causae, from, out of, on account of, in consequence of: ab singulari amore scribo, Balb. ap. Cic. Att. 9, 7, B fin.:

linguam ab irrisu exserentem,

thrusting out the tongue in derision, Liv. 7, 10, 5:

ab honore,

id. 1, 8; so, ab ira, a spe, ab odio, v. Drak. ad Liv. 24, 30, 1: 26, 1, 3; cf. also Kritz and Fabri ad Sall. J. 31, 3, and Fabri ad Liv. 21, 36, 7.

Especially in the poets instead of the gen.:

ab illo injuria,

Ter. And. 1, 1, 129:

fulgor ab auro,

Lucr. 2, 5:

dulces a fontibus undae,

Verg. G. 2, 243.

In indicating a part of the whole, for the more usual ex, of, out of:

scuto ab novissimis uni militi detracto,

Caes. B. G. 2, 25, 1:

nonnuill ab novissimis,

id. ib.; Cic. Sest. 65, 137; cf. id. ib. 59 fin.: a quibus (captivis) ad Senatum missus (Regulus).

In marking that from which any thing proceeds, and to which it belongs:

qui sunt ab ea disciplina,

Cic. Tusc. 2, 3, 7:

ab eo qui sunt,

id. Fin. 4, 3, 7:

nostri illi a Platone et Aristotele aiunt,

id. Mur. 30, 63 (in imitation of oi upo tinos).

To designate an office or dignity (with or without servus; so not freq. till after the Aug. period;

in Cic. only once): Pollex, servus a pedibus meus,

one of my couriers, Cic. Att. 8, 5, 1; so,

a manu servus,

a secretary, Suet. Caes. 74: Narcissum ab eplstulis ( secretary) et Pallantem a rationibus ( accountant), id. Claud. 28; and so, ab actis, ab admissione, ab aegris, ab apotheca, ab argento, a balneis, a bibliotheca, a codicillis, a jumentis, a potione, etc. (v. these words and Inscr. Orell. vol. 3, Ind. xi. p. 181 sq.).

The use of ab before adverbs is for the most part peculiar to later Latinity:

a peregre,

Vitr. 5, 7 (6), 8:

a foris,

Plin. 17, 24, 37; Vulg. Gen, 7, 16; ib. Matt. 23, 27:

ab intus,

ib. ib. 7, 15:

ab invicem,

App. Herb. 112; Vulg. Matt. 25, 32; Cypr. Ep. 63, 9: Hier. Ep. 18:

a longe,

Hyg. Fab. 257; Vulg. Gen. 22, 4; ib. Matt. 26, 58:

a modo,

ib. ib. 23, 39;

Hier. Vit. Hilar.: a nune,

Vulg. Luc. 1, 48:

a sursum,

ib. Marc. 15, 38.

Ab is not repeated like most other prepositions (v. ad, ex, in, etc.) with pron. interrog. or relat. after subst. and pron. demonstr. with ab:

Arsinoen, Stratum, Naupactum...fateris ab hostibus esse captas. Quibus autem hostibus? Nempe iis, quos, etc.,

Cic. Pis. 37, 91:

a rebus gerendis senectus abstrahit. Quibus? An iis, quae in juventute geruntur et viribus?

id. Sen. 6:

a Jove incipiendum putat. Quo Jove?

id. Rep. 1, 36, 56:

res publica, quascumque vires habebit, ab iis ipsis, quibus tenetur, de te propediem impetrabit,

id. Fam. 4, 13, 5.—

Ab in Plantus is once put after the word which it governs: quo ab, As. 1, 1, 106.—

It is in various ways separated from the word which it governs:

a vitae periculo,

Cic. Brut. 91, 313:

a nullius umquam me tempore aut commodo,

id. Arch. 6, 12:

a minus bono,

Sall. C. 2, 6:

a satis miti principio,

Liv. 1, 6, 4:

damnis dives ab ipsa suis,

Ov. H. 9, 96; so id. ib. 12, 18; 13, 116.—

The poets join a and que, making aque; but in good prose que is annexed to the following abl. (a meque, abs teque, etc.):

aque Chao,

Verg. G. 4, 347:

aque mero,

Ov. M. 3, 631:

aque viro,

id. H. 6, 156:

aque suis,

id. Tr. 5, 2, 74 al. But:

a meque,

Cic. Fam. 2, 16, 1:

abs teque,

id. Att. 3, 15, 4:

a teque,

id. ib. 8, 11, §

7: a primaque adulescentia,

id. Brut. 91, 315 al. —

A Greek noun joined with ab stands in the dat.: a parte negotiati, hoc est pragmatikê, removisse, Quint. 3, 7, 1.

In composition ab,

Retains its original signif.: abducere, to take or carry away from some place: abstrahere, to draw auay; also, downward: abicere, to throw down; and denoting a departure from the idea of the simple word, it has an effect apparently privative: absimilis, departing from the similar, unlike: abnormis, departing from the rule, unusual (different from dissimilis, enormis); and so also in amens=a mente remotus, alienus ( out of one's senses, without self-control, insane): absurdus, missounding, then incongruous, irrational: abutor (in one of its senses), to misuse: aborior, abortus, to miscarry: abludo; for the privative force the Latin regularly employs in-, v. 2. in.—

It more rarely designates completeness, as in absorbere, abutor ( to use up). (The designation of the fourth generation in the ascending or descending line by ab belongs here only in appearance; as abavus for quartus pater, great-great-grandfather, although the Greeks introduced upopappos; for the immutability of the syllable ab in abpatrnus and abmatertera, as well as the signif. Of the word abavus, grandfather's grandfather, imitated in abnepos, grandchild's grandchild, seems to point to a derivation from avi avus, as Festus, p. 13 Mull., explains atavus, by atta avi, or, rather, attae avus.)

aequor, ŏris, n. [aequus].

In gen., an even, level surface (ante-Aug. poet.; only once in Cic. and once in Sallust): speculorum aequor, a plane surface, as of a mirror, Lucr. 4, 106; 291:

in summo aequore saxi,

upon the polished, smooth marble surface, id. 3, 905: camporum patentium aequora, * Cic. Div. 1, 42:

campi,

Verg. A. 7, 781;

and without campus: Daren ardens agit aequore toto,

id. ib. 5, 456:

at prius ignotum ferro quam scindimus aequor,

id. G. 1, 50; 1, 97;

of the desert,

id. ib. 2, 105:

immensum spatiis confecimus aequor,

id. ib. 541:

primus in aequore pulvis,

Juv. 8, 61; and once of the heavens: aequora caeli Sensimus sonere, Att. ap. Non. 505, 8 (Trag. Rel. p. 139 Rib.).—

Esp., the even surface of the sea in its quiet state, the calm. smooth sea (“aequor mare appellatum, quod aequatum, cum commotum vento non est,” Varr. L. L. 7, § 23 Müll.: quid tam planum videtur quam mare? ex quo etiam aequor illud poëtae vocant, Cic. Ac. Fragm. ap. Non. 65, 2 (cf. pontou plax, Pind. P. 1, 24).— Also, in gen., the sea, even when agitated by storms, Lucr. 1, 719:

turbantibus aequora ventis,

id. 2, 1:

silvaeque et saeva quiērant aequora,

Verg. A. 4, 523 et saep.:

per undosum aequor,

id. ib. 313:

contracta pisces aequora sentiunt,

Hor. C. 3, 1, 33:

juventus Infecit aequor sanguine Punico,

id. ib. 3, 6, 34 al.—Sometimes pleonast. with mare or pontus:

vastum maris aequor arandum,

Verg. A. 2, 780:

tellus et aequora ponti,

id. G. 1, 469.—Of the surface of the Tiber, Verg. A. 8, 89 and 96 (so, mare of the Timavus, id. ib. 1, 246;

and unda of rivers, as of the Simoïs,

id. ib. 1, 618).—In prose writers after the Aug. per.:

placidum aequor,

Tac. A. 2, 23:

penetrare aequora,

Val. Max. 9, 1, 1; so Curt. 4, 7; Plin. 4, 12, 24, § 76; Mel. 1, 2. Once even in Sallust: aequore et terrā, Sall. Fragm. ap. Don. ad Ter. Phorm. 2, 1, 13 (p. 390, n. 81 Kritz.) dub.

bĕnĕ, adv. of manner and intensity [bonus; the first vowel assimilated to the e of the foll. syllable; cf. Corss. Ausspr. 2, 366], well ( comp. melius, better; sup. optime [v. bonus init. ], best; often to be rendered by more specific Engl. adverbs).

As adjunct of verbs.

In gen.

Of physical or external goodness, usefulness, ornament, and comfort:

villam rusticam bene aedificatam habere expedit,

Cato, R. R. 3:

villam bonam beneque aedificatam,

Cic. Off. 3, 13, 55:

quid est agrum bene colere? Bene arare,

Cato, R. R. 61:

agro bene culto nihil potest esse... uberius,

Cic. Sen. 16, 57:

ubi cocta erit bene,

Cato, R. R. 157; 3; 4;

32 et saep.: te auratam et vestitam bene,

Plaut. Men. 5, 2, 50: ornatus hic satis me condecet? Ps. Optume, it is very becoming, id. Ps. 4, 1, 26:

me bene curata cute vises,

well tended, Hor. Ep. 1, 4, 15:

bene olere,

Verg. E. 2, 48:

bene sonare,

Quint. 8, 3, 16:

neque tamen non inprimis bene habitavit,

in the very best style, Nep. Att. 13, 1:

a Catone cum quaereretur, quid maxime in re familiari expediret, respondet Bene pascere? Quid secundum? Satis bene pascere,

Cic. Off. 2, 25, 89: so,

bene cenare,

Cat. 13, 17; Hor. Ep. 1, 6, 56:

bene de rebus domesticis constitutum esse,

to be in good circumstances, Cic. Sest. 45, 97;

similarly: rem (i. e. familiarem) bene paratam comitate perdidit,

well arranged, Plaut. Rud. prol. 38.—

With respect to the mind.

Perception, knowledge, ability:

quas tam bene noverat quam paedagogos nostros novimus,

Sen. Ep. 27, 5:

quin melius novi quam te et vidi saepius,

Plaut. Capt. 5, 2, 22:

novi optime (Bacchus) et saepe vidi,

Cic. Fam. 7, 23, 2:

qui optime suos nosse deberet,

Nep. Con. 4, 1; cf. Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 1; id. S. 1, 9, 22: satin' haec meministi et tenes? Pa. Melius quam tu qui docuisti, Plaut. Pers. 2, 2, 2:

quod eo mihi melius cernere videor quo ab eo proprius absum,

Cic. Sen. 21, 77:

ut hic melius quam ipse illa scire videatur,

id. de Or. 1, 15, 66; id. Or. 38, 132:

cum Sophocles vel optime scripserit Electram suam,

id. Fin. 1, 2, 5:

gubernatoris ars quia bene navigandi rationem habet,

of able seamanship, id. ib. 1, 13, 42:

melius in Volscis imperatum est,

better generalship was displayed, Liv. 2, 63, 6:

nihil melius quam omnis mundus administratur,

Cic. Inv. 1, 34, 59: de medico bene existimari scribis, that he is well thought ( spoken) of, i. e. his ability, id. Fam. 16, 14, 1:

prudentibus et bene institutis,

well educated, id. Sen. 14, 50:

sapientibus et bene natura constitutis,

endowed with good natural talent, id. Sest. 65, 137:

quodsi melius geruntur ea quae consilio geruntur quam, etc.,

more ably, id. Inv. 1, 34, 59:

tabulas bene pictas collocare in bono lumine,

good paintings, id. Brut. 75, 261:

canere melius,

Verg. E. 9, 67; Quint. 10, 1, 91:

bene pronuntiare,

id. 11, 3, 12:

bene respondere interrogationibus,

id. 5, 7, 28; 6, 3, 81.—

Of feeling, judgment, and will:

similis in utroque nostrum, cum optime sentiremus, error fuit,

when we had the best intentions, Cic. Fam. 4, 2, 3; so id. ib. 6, 4, 2; so,

bene sentire,

id. ib. 6, 1, 3; so,

bene, optime de re publica sentire,

to hold sound views on public affairs, id. Off. 1, 41, 149; id. Fam. 4, 14, 1; id. Phil. 3, 9, 23:

bene animatas eas (insulas) confirmavit,

well disposed, Nep. Cim. 2, 4:

ei causae quam Pompeius animatus melius quam paratus susceperat,

Cic. Fam. 6, 6, 10; so, optime animati, Varr. ap. Non. p. 201, 7:

quod bene cogitasti aliquando, laudo,

that you had good intentions, Cic. Phil. 2, 14, 34:

se vero bene sperare (i. e. de bello),

had good hopes, Liv. 6, 6, 18:

sperabis omnia optime,

Cic. Fam. 4, 13, 7:

tibi bene ex animo volo,

Ter. Heaut. 5, 2, 6; so freq.: bene alicui velle, v. volo: bene aliquid consulere, to plan something well:

vigilando, agendo, bene consulendo prospera omnia cedunt,

Sall. C. 52, 29:

omnia non bene consulta,

id. J. 92, 2. —

Of morality, honesty, honor, etc.

Bene vivere, or bene beateque vivere ( = kalôs kagathôs), to lead a moral and happy life:

qui virtutem habeat, eum nullius rei ad bene vivendum indigere,

Cic. Inv. 1, 51, 93:

in dialectica vestra nullam esse ad melius vivendum vim,

id. Fin. 1, 19, 63:

quod ni ita accideret et melius et prudentius viveretur,

id. Sen. 19, 67; cf. id. Ac. 1, 4, 15; id. Fin. 1, 13, 45; id. Off. 1, 6, 19; id. Fam. 4, 3, 3 et saep. (for another meaning of bene vivere, cf. e. infra).—

Bene mori, to die honorably, bravely, creditably, gloriously:

qui se bene mori quam turpiter vivere maluit,

Liv. 22, 50, 7:

ne ferrum quidem ad bene moriendum oblaturus est hostis,

id. 9, 3, 3; so id. 21, 42, 4:

tum potui, Medea, mori bene,

Ov. H. 12, 5.—

Bene partum, what is honestly, honorably earned or acquired:

multa bona bene parta habemus,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 65:

mei patris bene parta indiligenter Tutatur,

Ter. Phorm. 5, 3, 5:

res familiaris primum bene parta sit, nullo neque turpi quaestu, neque odioso,

Cic. Off. 1, 26, 92:

diutine uti bene licet partum bene,

Plaut. Rud. 4, 7, 15; Sall. C. 51, 42 (cf.:

mala parta,

Cic. Phil. 2, 27, 65:

male par tum,

Plaut. Poen. 4, 2, 22).—

Apud bonos bene agier, an old legal formula: bona fide agi (v. bonus), to be transacted in good faith among good men. ubi erit illa formula fiduciae ut inter bonos bene agier oportet? Cic. Fam. 7, 12, 2; id. Off. 3, 15, 61; 3, 17, 70.—

Non bene = male, not faithfully:

esse metus coepit ne jura jugalia conjunx Non bene servasset,

Ov. M. 7, 716.—

Representing an action as right or correct, well, rightly, correctly: bene mones, Ibo, you are right ( to admonish me), Ter. And. 2, 2, 36:

sequi recusarunt bene monentem,

Liv. 22, 60, 17:

quom mihi et bene praecipitis, et, etc.,

since you give sound advice, Plaut. Poen. 3, 2, 55; so Ter. Ad. 5, 9, 6; 3, 3, 80; Lucil. ap. Non. p. 372, 7:

bene enim majores accubitionem epularem amicorum convivium nominarunt, melius quam Graeci,

Cic. Sen. 13, 45:

hoc bene censuit Scaevola,

correctly, Dig. 17, 1, 48.—

Pleasantly, satisfactorily, profitably, prosperously, fortunately, successfully:

nunc bene vivo et fortunate atque ut volo atque animo ut lubet,

Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 111:

nihil adferrent quo jucundius, id est melius, viveremus,

Cic. Fin. 1, 41, 72:

si bene qui cenat, bene vivit,

Hor. Ep. 1, 6, 56: quamobrem melius apud bonos quam apud fortunatos beneficium collocari puto, is better or more profitably invested, Cic. Off. 2, 20, 71:

perdenda sunt multa beneficia ut semel ponas bene, Sen. Ben. poet. 1, 2, 1: etiamsi nullum (beneficium) bene positurus sit,

id. ib. 1, 2, 2:

quando hoc bene successit,

Ter. Ad. 2, 4, 23: bene ambulatum'st? Di. Huc quidem, hercle, ad te bene, Quia tui vivendi copia'st, has your walk been pleasant? Plaut. Truc. 2, 4, 18:

melius ominare,

use words of better omen, id. Rud. 2, 3, 7; Cic. Brut. 96, 329:

qui se suamque aetatem bene curant,

Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 36.—So, bene (se) habere: ut bene me haberem filiai nuptiis, have a good time at, etc., Plaut. Aul. 2, 8, 2:

qui se bene habet suisque amicis usui est,

who enjoys his life and is a boon companion, id. Mil. 3, 1, 128:

nam hanc bene se habere aetatem nimio'st aequius,

id. Merc. 3, 2, 6: bene consulere alicui, to take good care for somebody ' s interests:

tuae rei bene consulere cupio,

id. Trin. 3, 2, 9:

ut qui mihi consultum optume velit esse,

Ter. Phorm. 1, 3, 1:

me optime consulentem saluti suae,

Cic. Fam. 4, 14, 2:

qui se ad sapientes viros bene consulentes rei publicae contulerunt,

id. Off. 2, 13, 46.—So, bene mereri, and rarely bene merere, to deserve well of one, i. e. act for his advantage; absol. or with de:

addecet Bene me, renti bene referre gratiam,

Plaut. Rud. 5, 3, 36:

Licinii aps te bene merenti male refertur gratia?

id. Ps. 1, 3, 86:

ut memorem in bene meritos animum praestarem,

Cic. Fam. 1, 9, 10:

cogor nonnumquam homines non optime de me meritos rogatu eorum qui bene meriti sunt, defendere,

id. ib. 7, 1, 4:

tam bene meritis de nomine Punico militibus,

Liv. 23, 12, 5:

si bene quid de te merui,

Verg. A. 4, 317; cf. Cic. Opt. Gen. 7, 20; id. Sest. 1, 2; 12, 39; 66, 139; 68, 142; id. Mil. 36, 99; id. Phil. 2, 14, 36 et saep.; v. mereo, D. and P. a.—So esp. referring to price: bene emere, to buy advantageously, i. e. cheaply; bene vendere, to sell advantageously, i. e. at a high price: bene ego hercle vendidi te, Plaut. [p. 230] Durc. 4, 2, 34:

et quoniam vendat, velle quam optime vendere,

Cic. Off. 3, 12, 51:

ita nec ut emat melius, nec ut vendat quidquam, simulabit vir bonus,

id. ib. 3, 15, 61: vin' bene emere? Do. Vin' tu pulcre vendere? Plaut. Pers. 4, 4, 38:

melius emetur,

Cato, R. R. 1: quo melius emptum sciatis, Cic. ap. Suet. Caes. 50 fin.:

qui vita bene credat emi honorem,

cheaply, Verg. A. 9, 206; Sil 4, 756.—

Expressing kindness, thanks, etc.: bene facis, bene vocas, bene narras, I thank you, am obliged to you for doing, calling, saying (colloq.): merito amo te. Ph. Bene facis, thanks! Ter Eun. 1, 2, 106; cf.:

in consuetudinem venit, bene facis et fecisti non mdicantis esse, sed gratias agentis, Don. ad loc.' placet, bene facitis,

Plaut. Rud. 3, 6, 43: dividuom talentum faciam. La. Bene facis, id. ib. 5, 3, 52: si quid erit dubium, immutabo Da. Bene fecisti, id. Ep. 5, 1, 40 Lo. Adeas, si velis. La. Bene hercle factum vobis habeo gratiam. Accedam propius, id. Rud. 3, 6, 2; Ter. Ad. 4, 3, 10.—With gratiam habere: bene fecisti;

gratiam habeo maximam,

Ter. Eun. 5, 8, 61; cf.

bene benigneque arbitror te facere,

Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 130: quin etiam Graecis licebit utare cum voles... Bene sane facis, sed enitar ut Latine loquar, I thank you for the permission, but, etc., Cic. Ac. 1, 7, 25: an exitum Cassi Maelique expectem? Bene facitis quod abominamini... sed, etc., I am much obliged to you for abhorring this, but, etc., Liv. 6, 18, 9: bene edepol narras; nam illi faveo virgini, thanks for telling me, for, etc., Ter. Eun. 5, 3, 7 (cf.:

male hercule narras,

I owe you little thanks for saying so, Cic. Tusc. 1, 6, 10):

bene, ita me di ament, nuntias,

Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 20:

benenarras,

Cic. Att. 16, 14, 4; 13, 33, 2: tu ad matrem adi. Bene vocas; benigne dicis Cras apud te, thanks for your invitation, but, etc., Plaut. Merc. 5, 2, 108: eamus intro ut prandeamus. Men. Bene vocas, tam gratia'st, id. Men. 2, 3, 41.—

Of accuracy, etc., well, accurately, truly, completely:

cum ceterae partes aetatis bene descriptae sint,

Cic. Sen. 2, 5:

cui bene librato... Obstitit ramus,

Ov. M. 8, 409:

at bene si quaeras,

id. ib. 3, 141:

tibi comprimam linguam. Hau potes: Bene pudiceque adservatur,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 196:

bene dissimulare amorem,

entirely, Ter. And. 1, 1, 105:

quis enim bene celat amorem?

Ov. H. 12, 37.—So with a negation, = male restat parvam quod non bene compleat urnam, Ov. M. 12, 615: non bene conveniunt... Majestas et amor, id. ib 2, 846.—Redundant, with vix (Ovid.):

vix bene Castalio descenderat antro, Incustoditam lente videt ire juvencam ( = vix descenderat cum, etc.),

Ov. M. 3, 14:

tactum vix bene limen erat, Aesonides, dixi, quid agit meus?

id. H. 6, 24:

vix bene desieram, rettulit illa mihi,

id. F 5, 277.—

Sup., most opportunely, at the nick of time (comic):

sed eccum meum gnatum optume video,

Plaut. Merc. 2, 2, 57:

sed optume eccum exit senex,

id. Rud. 3, 3, 44. optume adveniens, puere, cape Chlamydem, etc., id. Merc. 5, 2, 69: Davum optume Video, Ter And. 2, 1, 35; 4, 2, 3; Plaut. Rud. 3, 5, 25; 4, 5, 19; Ter. Eun. 5, 2, 66; id. Heaut. 4, 5, 9; 5, 5, 2.—

Pregn.: bene polliceri = large polliceri, to make liberal promises ' praecepit ut ceteros adeant, bene polliceantur, Sall. C. 41, 5; cf.: bene promittere, to promise success:

quae autem inconstantia deorum ut primis minentur extis, bene promittant secundis?

Cic. Div. 2, 17, 38.—

In partic.

Bene dicere.

To speak well, i. e. eloquently:

qui optime dicunt,

the most eloquent, Cic. de Or. 1, 26, 119; 2, 2, 5:

etiam bene dicere haud absurdum est,

Sall. C. 3, 1:

abunde dixit bene quisquis rei satisfecit,

Quint. 12, 9, 7;

cf: bene loqui,

to use good language, speak good Latin, Cic. Brut. 58, 212, 64, 228.—

To speak ably:

multo oratorem melius quam ipsos illos quorum eae sint artes esse dicturum,

Cic. Or. 1, 15, 65; cf. Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 4. bene dicendi scientia, Quint. 7, 3, 12.—

To speak correctly or elegantly:

eum et Attice dicere et optime, ut..bene dicere id sit, Attice dicere,

Cic. Opt. Gen. 4, 13 ' optime dicta, Quint. 10, 1, 19.—So, bene loqui:

ut esset perfecta illa bene loquendi laus,

Cic. Brut. 72, 252:

at loquitur pulchre. Num melius quam Plato?

id. Opt. Gen. 5, 16.—

To speak well, i e. kindly, of one, to praise him; absol. or with dat., or reflex., with inter (less correctly as one word, benedicere): cui bene dixit umquam bono? Of what good man has he ever spoken well, or, what good man has he ever praised, Cic. Sest. 52, 110. bene, quaeso, inter vos dicatis, et amice absenti tamen, Plaut. Mil. 4, 8, 31.—Ironically:

bene equidem tibi dico qui te digna ut eveniant precor,

Plaut. Rud. 3, 2, 26:

nec tibi cessaret doctus bene dicere lector,

Ov. Tr. 5, 9, 9: cui a viris bonis bene dicatur, Metell. Numid. ap. Gell. 6, 11, 3.— And dat understood:

si bene dicatis (i. e. mihi) vostra ripa vos sequar,

Plaut. Poen. 3, 3, 18 ' omnes bene dicunt (ei), et amant (eum), Ter. Ad. 5, 4, 11:

ad bene dicendum (i e. alteri) delectandumque redacti,

Hor. Ep 2, 1, 155 —Part. ' indignis si male dicitur, male dictum id esse duco;

Verum si dignis dicitur, bene dictum'st,

is a praise, Plaut. Curc. 4, 2, 27 sq.: nec bene nec male dicta profuerunt ad confirmandos animos, Liv 23, 46, 1; cf. Ter. Phorm. prol. 20 infra. —Bene audio = bene dicitur mihi, I am praised:

bene dictis si certasset, audisset bene,

Ter. Phorm. prol. 20; v. audio, 5.—

To use words of good omen (euphêmein): Ol. Quid si fors aliter quam voles evenerit? St. Bene dice, dis sum fretus ( = fave lingua, melius ominare), Plaut. Cas. 2, 5, 38 heja, bene dicito, id. As. 3, 3, 155.—

Bene dixisti, a formula of approbation: ne quan do iratus tu alio conferas. Th. Bene dixti, you are right, Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 61. bene et sapienter dixti dudum, etc., it was a good and wise remark of yours that, etc., id. Ad. 5, 8, 30.—

Bene dicta, fine or specious, plausible words (opp. deeds):

bene dictis tuis bene facta aures meae expostulant,

Plaut. Pers. 4, 3, 25; so,

bene loqui: male corde consultare, Bene lingua loqui,

use fine words, Plaut. Truc. 2, 1, 16.—

Bene facere.

Bene aliquid facere, to do, make, something well, i. e. ably (v. I. A. 2. a. supra):

vel non facere quod non op time possis, vel facere quod non pessime facias,

Cic. Or. 2, 20, 86:

non tamen haec quia possunt bene aliquando fieri passim facienda sunt,

Quint. 4, 1, 70:

Jovem Phidias optime fecit,

id. 2, 3, 6; so, melius facere, Afran. ap. Macr. 6, 1.— P. a.:

quid labor aut bene facta juvant?

his labor and well-done works are no pleasure to him, Verg. G. 3, 525. —

Bene facere, with dat. absol., with in and abl., or with erga, to do a good action, to benefit somebody, to impart benefits (less cor rectly as one word, benefacio)

With dat.:

bonus bonis bene feceris,

Plaut. Poen. 5, 4, 60:

bene si amico feceris, ne pigeat fecisse,

id. Trin. 2, 2, 66:

malo bene facere tantumdem est periculum quantum bono male facere,

id. Poen. 3, 3, 20:

homini id quod tu facis bene,

id. Ep 1, 2, 33:

tibi lubens bene faxim,

Ter. Ad. 5, 5, 6, 5, 6, 8; 5, 8, 25:

at tibi di semper... faciant bene,

may the gods bless you, Plaut. Men. 5, 7, 32:

di tibi Bene faciant,

Ter. Ad. 5, 7, 20; so Plaut. Pers. 4, 3, 18.— Pass.:

quod bonis bene fit beneficium,

Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 108:

pulchrum est bene facere reipublicae,

Sall. C. 3, 1:

ego ne ingratis quidem bene facere absistam,

Liv. 36, 35, 4.—Reflexively. sibi bene facere, enjoy one ' s self, have a good time, genio indulgere (v. I. A. 2. e. supra): nec quisquam est tam ingenio duro quin, ubi quidquam occasionis sit sibi faciat bene, Plaut. As. grex 5.—

With in and abl.:

quoniam bene quae in me fecerunt, ingrata ea habui,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 30.—

With erga:

si quid amicum erga bene feci,

Plaut. Trin. 5, 2, 4.—

With ellipsis of dat., to impart benefits:

ingrata atque irrita esse omnia intellego Quae dedi et quod bene feci,

Plaut. As. 1, 2, 11:

quod bene fecisti, referetur gratia,

id. Capt. 5, 1, 20:

ego quod bene feci, male feci,

id. Ep. 1, 2, 34; id. Trin. 2, 2, 41:

si beneficia in rebus, non in ipsa benefaciendi voluntate consisterent,

Sen. Ben. 1, 7, 1:

benefaciendi animus,

id. ib. 2, 19, 1.—So esp. in formula of thanks, etc.' bene benigneque arbitror te facere, I thank you heartily, Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 129: Jup. Jam nunc irata non es? Alc. Non sum. Jup. Bene facis, id. Am. 3, 2, 56; v Brix ad Plaut. Trin. 384.—P. a. as subst.: bĕnĕ facta, orum, n., benefits, benefactions (cf. beneficium): bene facta male locata male facta arbitror, Enn. ap. Cic. Off. 2, 18, 62 (Trag. v 429 Vahl.): pol, bene facta tua me hortantur tuo ut imperio paream, Plaut Pers. 5, 2, 65: pro bene factis ejus uti ei pretium possim reddere. id. Capt. 5, 1, 20;

bene facta referre,

Claud. Laud. Stil. 3, 182 tenere, id. ib. 2, 42.—So freq. in eccl. writ ers:

et si bene feceritis his qui vobis bene faciunt,

Vulg. Luc. 6, 33:

bene facite his qui oderunt vos,

id. Matt. 5, 44.—

Absol., to do good, perform meritorious acts (in fin. verb only eccl. Lat.)' discite bene facere, Vulg. Isa. 1, 17:

interrogo vos si licet sabbatis bene facere an male,

id. Luc. 6, 9:

qui bene facit, ex Deo est,

id. Joan. Ep. 3, 11.— In P a. (class.): bene facta (almost always in plur.), merits, meritorious acts, brave deeds:

bene facta recte facta sunt,

Cic. Par 3, 1, 22:

omnia bene facta in luce se collocari volunt,

id. Tusc. 2, 26, 64; id. Sen. 3, 9:

bene facta mea reipublicae procedunt,

Sall. J 85, 5, cf. id. C. 8, 5; id. H. Fragm. 1, 19: veteribus bene factis nova pensantes maleficia, Liv 37, 1, 2; cf. Quint. 3, 7, 13, 12, 1, 41; Prop. 2, 1, 24; Ov. M. 15, 850, Claud. VI. Cons. Hon. 386.— Sing.: bene factum a vobis, dum vivitis non abscedet, Cato ap. Gell. 16, 1, 4.—

In medical language, to be of good effect, benefit, do good:

id bene faciet et alvum bonam faciet,

Cato, R. R. 157, 6.—So with ad: ad capitis dolorem bene facit serpyllum, Scrib Comp. 1; so id. ib. 5; 9; 13; 41.—

In the phrase bene facis, etc., as a formula of thanks, v I A. 2. f. supra.—

Expressing joy, I am glad of it, I am glad that etc. (comic.) Da. Tua quae fuit Palaestra, ea filia inventa'st mea. La. Bene meher cule factum'st, Plaut. Rud. 5, 3, 9: bis tanto valeo quam valui prius. Ly. Bene hercle factum et gaudeo, id. Merc. 2, 2, 27; Ter And. 5, 6, 11; id. Hec. 5, 4, 17; id. Eun. 5, 8, 7:

bene factum et volup est hodie me his mulierculis Tetulisse auxilium,

Plaut. Rud. 4, 1, 1; Ter. Hec. 3, 5, 11; so, bene factum gaudeo: nam hic noster pater est Ant. Ita me Juppiter bene amet, benefac tum gaudeo, Plaut. Poen. 5, 5, 47; Ter Phorm. 5, 6, 43; cf.: Me. Rex Creo vigiles nocturnos singulos semper locat. So. Bene facit, quia nos eramus peregri, tutatu'st domum, I am glad of it, etc., Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 19. bene fecit A. Silius qui transegerit: neque enim ei deesse volebam, et quid possem timebam, I am glad that A. Silius, etc., Cic. Att. 12, 24, 1.—

With esse.

Bene est, impers., it is well.

In the epistolary formula: si vales bene est; or, si vales bene est, (ego) valeo (abbrev. S.V.B.E.V.), Afran. ap Prisc. p 804 P; Cic. Fam. 5, 14, 1; 10, 34, 1; 4, 1, 1; cf. id. ib. 5, 7, 1; 5, 9, 1; 5, 10, 1; 10, 33, 1; 10, 14, 8; 10, 14, 11;

14, 14, 1, 14, 14, 16: si valetis gaudeo,

Plaut. Pers. 4, 3, 41 —These formulas were obsolete at Seneca's time: mos antiquis fuit, usque ad meam servatus aetatem, primis epistulae verbis adicere: Si vales, bene est;

ego valeo,

Sen. Ep. 15, 1.—

= bene factum est (cf. I. 2. k. supra): oculis quoque etiam plus jam video quam prius: Ly. Bene est, Plaut. Merc. 2, 2, 26: hic est intus filius apud nos tuus. De. Optume'st, id. ib. 5, 4, 49; Ter. Ad. 3, 3, 48, 5, 5, 3; id. Hec. 5, 4, 31.—

Bene est alicui, impers., it is ( goes) well with one, one does well, is well off, enjoys himself, is happy: nam si curent, bene bonis sit, male malis, quod nunc abest, Enn ap. Cic. N. D. 3, 32, 79 (Trag. v. 355 Vahl.):

bona si esse veis, bene erit tibi,

Plaut. Merc. 3, 1, 12:

quia illi, unde huc abvecta sum, malis bene esse solitum'st,

id. ib. 3, 1, 13:

qui neque tibi bene esse patere, et illis qui bus est invides,

id. Ps. 4, 7, 35 (so id. Trin. 2, 2, 71): num quippiam aluit me vis? De. Ut bene sit tibi, id Pers. 4, 8, 5; id. Poen. 4, 2, 90; Ter Phorm. 1, 2, 101: nemini nimium bene est, Afran. ap. Charis. p. 185 P.:

si non est, jurat bene solis esse maritis,

Hor. Ep 1, 1, 88:

nec tamen illis bene erit, quia non bono gaudent,

Sen. Vit. Beat. 11, 4: BENE SIT NOBIS, Inscr Orell. 4754; Plaut. Truc. 2, 4, 95; 4, 2, 36; id. Curc. 4, 2, 31; id. Pers. 5, 2, 74; id. Stich. 5, 5, 12; id. Merc. 2, 2, 55; Ter. Ad. 1, 1, 9.— Comp.: istas minas decem, qui me procurem dum melius sit mi, des. Plaut. Curc. 4, 2, 40:

spero ex tuis litteris tibi melius esse,

that your health is better, Cic. Fam. 16, 22, 1; Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 1; Ter And. 2, 5, 16.—With dat. understood: patria est ubi cumque est bene (i. e. cuique), where one does well, there is his country, Poet. ap. Cic Tusc 5, 37, 108 (Trag. Rel. inc. p. 248 Rib). [p. 231] —With abl., to be well off in, to feast upon a thing:

ubi illi bene sit ligno, aqua calida, cibo, vestimentis,

Plaut. Cas. 2, 3, 39:

at mihi bene erat, non piscibus, Sed pullo atque hoedo,

Hor. S. 2, 2, 120.—

Bene sum = bene mihi est:

minore nusquam bene fui dispendio,

Plaut. Men. 3, 2, 20:

de eo (argento) nunc bene sunt tua virtute,

id. Truc. 4, 2, 28: dato qui bene sit;

ego ubi bene sit tibi locum lepidum dabo,

id. Bacch. 1, 1, 51:

scis bene esse si sit unde,

id. Capt. 4, 2, 70.—

Bene habere.

With subj. nom.

To enjoy, Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 35 al.; v. I. A. 2. e. supra.—

To be favorable, to favor:

bene habent tibi principia,

Ter. Phorm. 2, 3, 82. —

With se, to be well, well off. imperator se bene habet, it is well with, Sen. Ep. 24, 9; cf.:

si te bene habes,

Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 122 Brix ad loc.—

Hoc bene habet, or bene habet, impers. ( = res se bene habet), it is well, matters stand well:

bene habet: jacta sunt fundamenta defensionis,

Cic. Mur. 6, 14:

bene habet: di pium movere bellum,

Liv. 8, 6, 4:

atque bene habet si a collega litatum est,

id. 8, 9, 1; Juv. 10, 72; Stat. Th. 11, 557.— So pers.: bene habemus nos, si in his spes est;

opinor, aliud agamus,

we are well off, Cic. Att. 2, 8, 1.—

Bene agere, with cum and abl.

To treat one well:

bene egissent Athenienses cum Miltiade si, etc.,

Val. Max. 5, 3, ext. 3.—

Impers.: bene agitur cum aliquo, it goes well with one, he is fortunate:

bene dicat secum esse actum,

that he has come off well, Ter. Ad. 2, 2, 2:

non tam bene cum rebus humanis agitur ut meliora pluribus placeant,

Sen. Vit. Beat. 2, 1.— With ellipsis of cum and abl.:

si hinc non abeo intestatus, bene agitur pro noxia (sc. mecum),

Plaut. Mil. 5, 23.—

Rem (negotium) bene gerere.

To administer well private or public affairs: multi suam rem bene gessere et publicam patria procul, Enn. ap. Cic. Fam. 7, 6, 1 (Trag. Rel. v. 295 Vahl.):

non ut multis bene gestae, sed, ut nemini, conservatae rei publicae,

Cic. Pis. 3, 6; so,

qui ordo bene gestae rei publicae testimonium multis, mihi uni conservatae dedit,

id. Phil. 2, 1, 2:

rem publicam,

id. Pis. 19, 45:

Apollini republica vestra bene gesta servataque... donum mittitote,

Liv. 23, 11, 3.—

To be successful, meet with success, acquit one ' s self well; usu. of war;

also of private affairs: bello extincto, re bene gesta, vobis gratis habeo, etc.,

Plaut. Pers. 5, 1, 2:

quando bene gessi rem, volo hic in fano supplicare,

id. Curc. 4, 2, 41;

quasi re bene gesta,

Ter. Ad. 5, 1, 13:

rem te valde bene gessisse rumor erat,

that you had met with great success, Cic. Fam. 1, 8, 7; id. Planc. 25, 61:

conclamant omnes occasionem negotii bene gerendi amittendam non esse,

Caes. B. G. 5, 57:

haec cogitanti accidere visa est facultas bene rei gerendae,

id. ib. 7, 44:

res bello bene gestae,

success in war, Liv. 23, 12, 11:

laeti bene gestis corpora rebus Procurate,

Verg. A. 9, 157; cf. Cic. Planc. 25, 61; Liv. 1, 37, 6; 4, 47, 1; 8, 30, 5; 22, 25, 4; 23, 36, 2.—

Bene vertere, in wishes.

With the rel. quod or quae res as subject, to turn out well; absol. or with dat.:

quae res tibi et gnatae tuae bene feliciterque vortat,

Plaut. Aul. 4, 10, 58:

quod utrisque bene vertat,

Liv. 8, 5, 6:

quod bene verteret,

id. 3, 26, 9; cf. id. 3, 35, 8; 3, 62, 5; 7, 39, 10; v. verto; cf.:

quod bene eveniat,

Cato, R. R. 141.—

With di as subject:

di bene vortant,

may the gods let it turn out well, may the gods grant success, Plaut. Aul. 2, 3, 5; cf. Ter. Ad. 4, 7, 10; id. Hec. 1, 2, 121; id. Phorm. 3, 3, 19; v. verte.—

Bene, colloquially in leave-taking: bene ambula, walk well, i. e. have a pleasant walk! Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 166: De. Bene ambulato! Ly. Bene vale! id. Merc 2, 2, 55:

bene valete et vivite!

id. Mil. 4, 8, 30:

cives bene valete!

id. Merc. 5, 2, 25; cf. id. Ep. 5, 1, 40; id. Merc. 2, 4, 28; 5, 4, 65; id. Curc. 4, 2, 30; Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 115; id. Hec. 1, 2, 122:

salvere jubeo te, mi Saturides, bene,

Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 35: LAGGE, FILI, BENE QVIESCAS, Sepulch. Inscr. Orell. p. 4755.—

In invocations to the gods, often redundant (cf. bonus):

ita me Juppiter bene amet,

Plaut. Poen. 5, 5, 47:

di te bene ament, Hegio,

id. Capt. 1, 2, 29:

ita me di bene ament,

Ter. Eun. 4, 1, 1; cf. id. ib. 5, 2, 43; id. Hec. 2, 1, 9; id. Phorm. 1, 3, 13:

Jane pater uti te... bonas preces bene precatus siem,

Cato, R. R. 134: bene sponsis, beneque volueris in precatione augurali Messala augur ait significare spoponderis, volueris, Fest. p. 351 Mull. (p. 267 Lind.).—

Elliptical expressions.

Bene, melius, optime, instead of bene, etc., dicit, dicis, or facit, facis, etc.:

bene Pericles (i.e. dixit),

Cic. Off. 1,40, 144:

bene (Philippus) ministrum et praebitorem,

id. ib. 2, 14, 53:

existimabatur bene, Latine (i. e. loqui),

id. Brut. 74, 259; so id. Sen. 14, 47:

at bene Areus,

Quint. 2, 15, 36; cf. id. 10, 1, 56:

nam ante Aristippus, et ille melius (i.e. hoc dixerat),

Cic. Fin. 1, 8, 26:

sed haec tu melius vel optime omnium (i.e. facies),

id. Fam. 4, 13, 7; id. Fin. 1, 18, 61; 1, 19, 63; id. Off. 3, 11, 49; id. Sen. 20, 73; id. Opt. Gen. 6, 18; Quint. 10, 3, 25; 10, 2, 24; 6, 1, 3; 9, 4, 23.—

In applauding answers' bene and optime, good! bravo! excellent! euge, euge! Perbene! Plaut. Rud. 1, 2, 75: huc respice. Da. Optume! id. ib. 3, 4, 3; cf. id. Merc. 1, 2, 114; 5, 4, 16.—

In drinking health, with acc. or dat., health to you, your health! bene vos! bene nos! bene te! bene me! bene nostram etiam Stephanium! Plaut. Stich. 5, 4, 27; Tib 2, 1, 31: bene te, pater optime Caesar, etc.; Ov. F. 2, 637:

bene mihi, bene vobis, bene amicae meae!

Plaut. Pers. 5, 1, 21; Ov.A.A. 1, 601.—

Pregn., in ellipt. predicate: quod (imperium) si (ei) sui bene crediderint cives... credere et Latinos debere, if his own citizens did well to intrust the supreme power to him, etc., Liv. 1, 50, 5:

in Velia aedificent quibus melius quam P. Valerio creditur libertas,

to whom it will be safer to intrust liberty, id. 2, 7, 11:

melius peribimus quam sine alteris vestrum viduae aut orbae vivemus,

it will be better for us to perish, id. 1, 13, 3:

bene Arruntium morte usum,

that it was right for Arruntius to die, Tac. A. 6, 48; Liv. 2, 30, 6; Quint. 9, 4, 92; Tac. A. 2, 44.—

Adv. of intensity, = valde, very, with adjj. and advv.

With adjj.: bene tempestate serena, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 2, 39, 82 (Ann. v. 517 Vahl.): foedus feri bene firmum, id. ap. Porphyr. ad Hor. C. 3, 24, 50 (Ann. v. 33 ib.); cf.:

bene firmus,

Cic. Fam. 16, 8, 1; id. Phil. 6, 7, 18:

bene robustus,

id. Div. in Caecil. 15, 48:

bene morigerus fuit puer,

Plaut. Capt. 5, 2, 13:

bene ergo ego hinc praedatus ibo,

id. Ps. 4, 7, 39:

bene lautum,

id. Rud. 3, 3, 39:

bene et naviter oportet esse impudentem,

Cic. Fam. 5, 12, 3:

id utrum Romano more locutus sit, bene nummatum te futurum, an, etc.,

id. ib. 7, 16, 3:

bene sanos,

id. Fin. 1, 16, 52; 1, 21, 71; Hor. S. 1, 3, 61; 1, 9, 44:

bene longinquos dolores,

Cic. Fin. 2, 29, 94:

sermonem bene longum,

id. Or. 2, 88, 361:

bene magna caterva,

id. Mur. 33, 69:

magna multitudo,

Hirt. B. Hisp. 4:

barbatus,

Cic. Cat. 2, 10, 22:

fidum pectus,

Hor. C. 2, 12, 15:

cautus,

Ov. H. 1, 44:

multa,

Ov. Tr. 1, 7, 15: multi, Pollio ap. Cic. Fam 10, 33, 4:

homo optime dives,

Sen. Vit. Beat. 23, 2.—

With advv.: bene saepe libenter, Enn. Ann. ap. Gell. 12, 4, 4 (Ann. v. 239 Vahl.); cf.:

bene libenter victitas,

Ter. Eun. 5, 8, 44:

bene mane haec scripsi,

Cic. Att. 4, 9, 2; 4, 10, 16:

bene penitus,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 70, § 169:

bene longe,

Hirt. B. Hisp. 25:

bene gnaviter,

Sen. Ot. Sap. 1 (28), 5.—With adverb. phrase:

siad te bene ante lucem venisset,

Cic. Or. 2, 64, 259.

bĕnĕ, adv. of manner and intensity [bonus; the first vowel assimilated to the e of the foll. syllable; cf. Corss. Ausspr. 2, 366], well ( comp. melius, better; sup. optime [v. bonus init. ], best; often to be rendered by more specific Engl. adverbs).

As adjunct of verbs.

In gen.

Of physical or external goodness, usefulness, ornament, and comfort:

villam rusticam bene aedificatam habere expedit,

Cato, R. R. 3:

villam bonam beneque aedificatam,

Cic. Off. 3, 13, 55:

quid est agrum bene colere? Bene arare,

Cato, R. R. 61:

agro bene culto nihil potest esse... uberius,

Cic. Sen. 16, 57:

ubi cocta erit bene,

Cato, R. R. 157; 3; 4;

32 et saep.: te auratam et vestitam bene,

Plaut. Men. 5, 2, 50: ornatus hic satis me condecet? Ps. Optume, it is very becoming, id. Ps. 4, 1, 26:

me bene curata cute vises,

well tended, Hor. Ep. 1, 4, 15:

bene olere,

Verg. E. 2, 48:

bene sonare,

Quint. 8, 3, 16:

neque tamen non inprimis bene habitavit,

in the very best style, Nep. Att. 13, 1:

a Catone cum quaereretur, quid maxime in re familiari expediret, respondet Bene pascere? Quid secundum? Satis bene pascere,

Cic. Off. 2, 25, 89: so,

bene cenare,

Cat. 13, 17; Hor. Ep. 1, 6, 56:

bene de rebus domesticis constitutum esse,

to be in good circumstances, Cic. Sest. 45, 97;

similarly: rem (i. e. familiarem) bene paratam comitate perdidit,

well arranged, Plaut. Rud. prol. 38.—

With respect to the mind.

Perception, knowledge, ability:

quas tam bene noverat quam paedagogos nostros novimus,

Sen. Ep. 27, 5:

quin melius novi quam te et vidi saepius,

Plaut. Capt. 5, 2, 22:

novi optime (Bacchus) et saepe vidi,

Cic. Fam. 7, 23, 2:

qui optime suos nosse deberet,

Nep. Con. 4, 1; cf. Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 1; id. S. 1, 9, 22: satin' haec meministi et tenes? Pa. Melius quam tu qui docuisti, Plaut. Pers. 2, 2, 2:

quod eo mihi melius cernere videor quo ab eo proprius absum,

Cic. Sen. 21, 77:

ut hic melius quam ipse illa scire videatur,

id. de Or. 1, 15, 66; id. Or. 38, 132:

cum Sophocles vel optime scripserit Electram suam,

id. Fin. 1, 2, 5:

gubernatoris ars quia bene navigandi rationem habet,

of able seamanship, id. ib. 1, 13, 42:

melius in Volscis imperatum est,

better generalship was displayed, Liv. 2, 63, 6:

nihil melius quam omnis mundus administratur,

Cic. Inv. 1, 34, 59: de medico bene existimari scribis, that he is well thought ( spoken) of, i. e. his ability, id. Fam. 16, 14, 1:

prudentibus et bene institutis,

well educated, id. Sen. 14, 50:

sapientibus et bene natura constitutis,

endowed with good natural talent, id. Sest. 65, 137:

quodsi melius geruntur ea quae consilio geruntur quam, etc.,

more ably, id. Inv. 1, 34, 59:

tabulas bene pictas collocare in bono lumine,

good paintings, id. Brut. 75, 261:

canere melius,

Verg. E. 9, 67; Quint. 10, 1, 91:

bene pronuntiare,

id. 11, 3, 12:

bene respondere interrogationibus,

id. 5, 7, 28; 6, 3, 81.—

Of feeling, judgment, and will:

similis in utroque nostrum, cum optime sentiremus, error fuit,

when we had the best intentions, Cic. Fam. 4, 2, 3; so id. ib. 6, 4, 2; so,

bene sentire,

id. ib. 6, 1, 3; so,

bene, optime de re publica sentire,

to hold sound views on public affairs, id. Off. 1, 41, 149; id. Fam. 4, 14, 1; id. Phil. 3, 9, 23:

bene animatas eas (insulas) confirmavit,

well disposed, Nep. Cim. 2, 4:

ei causae quam Pompeius animatus melius quam paratus susceperat,

Cic. Fam. 6, 6, 10; so, optime animati, Varr. ap. Non. p. 201, 7:

quod bene cogitasti aliquando, laudo,

that you had good intentions, Cic. Phil. 2, 14, 34:

se vero bene sperare (i. e. de bello),

had good hopes, Liv. 6, 6, 18:

sperabis omnia optime,

Cic. Fam. 4, 13, 7:

tibi bene ex animo volo,

Ter. Heaut. 5, 2, 6; so freq.: bene alicui velle, v. volo: bene aliquid consulere, to plan something well:

vigilando, agendo, bene consulendo prospera omnia cedunt,

Sall. C. 52, 29:

omnia non bene consulta,

id. J. 92, 2. —

Of morality, honesty, honor, etc.

Bene vivere, or bene beateque vivere ( = kalôs kagathôs), to lead a moral and happy life:

qui virtutem habeat, eum nullius rei ad bene vivendum indigere,

Cic. Inv. 1, 51, 93:

in dialectica vestra nullam esse ad melius vivendum vim,

id. Fin. 1, 19, 63:

quod ni ita accideret et melius et prudentius viveretur,

id. Sen. 19, 67; cf. id. Ac. 1, 4, 15; id. Fin. 1, 13, 45; id. Off. 1, 6, 19; id. Fam. 4, 3, 3 et saep. (for another meaning of bene vivere, cf. e. infra).—

Bene mori, to die honorably, bravely, creditably, gloriously:

qui se bene mori quam turpiter vivere maluit,

Liv. 22, 50, 7:

ne ferrum quidem ad bene moriendum oblaturus est hostis,

id. 9, 3, 3; so id. 21, 42, 4:

tum potui, Medea, mori bene,

Ov. H. 12, 5.—

Bene partum, what is honestly, honorably earned or acquired:

multa bona bene parta habemus,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 65:

mei patris bene parta indiligenter Tutatur,

Ter. Phorm. 5, 3, 5:

res familiaris primum bene parta sit, nullo neque turpi quaestu, neque odioso,

Cic. Off. 1, 26, 92:

diutine uti bene licet partum bene,

Plaut. Rud. 4, 7, 15; Sall. C. 51, 42 (cf.:

mala parta,

Cic. Phil. 2, 27, 65:

male par tum,

Plaut. Poen. 4, 2, 22).—

Apud bonos bene agier, an old legal formula: bona fide agi (v. bonus), to be transacted in good faith among good men. ubi erit illa formula fiduciae ut inter bonos bene agier oportet? Cic. Fam. 7, 12, 2; id. Off. 3, 15, 61; 3, 17, 70.—

Non bene = male, not faithfully:

esse metus coepit ne jura jugalia conjunx Non bene servasset,

Ov. M. 7, 716.—

Representing an action as right or correct, well, rightly, correctly: bene mones, Ibo, you are right ( to admonish me), Ter. And. 2, 2, 36:

sequi recusarunt bene monentem,

Liv. 22, 60, 17:

quom mihi et bene praecipitis, et, etc.,

since you give sound advice, Plaut. Poen. 3, 2, 55; so Ter. Ad. 5, 9, 6; 3, 3, 80; Lucil. ap. Non. p. 372, 7:

bene enim majores accubitionem epularem amicorum convivium nominarunt, melius quam Graeci,

Cic. Sen. 13, 45:

hoc bene censuit Scaevola,

correctly, Dig. 17, 1, 48.—

Pleasantly, satisfactorily, profitably, prosperously, fortunately, successfully:

nunc bene vivo et fortunate atque ut volo atque animo ut lubet,

Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 111:

nihil adferrent quo jucundius, id est melius, viveremus,

Cic. Fin. 1, 41, 72:

si bene qui cenat, bene vivit,

Hor. Ep. 1, 6, 56: quamobrem melius apud bonos quam apud fortunatos beneficium collocari puto, is better or more profitably invested, Cic. Off. 2, 20, 71:

perdenda sunt multa beneficia ut semel ponas bene, Sen. Ben. poet. 1, 2, 1: etiamsi nullum (beneficium) bene positurus sit,

id. ib. 1, 2, 2:

quando hoc bene successit,

Ter. Ad. 2, 4, 23: bene ambulatum'st? Di. Huc quidem, hercle, ad te bene, Quia tui vivendi copia'st, has your walk been pleasant? Plaut. Truc. 2, 4, 18:

melius ominare,

use words of better omen, id. Rud. 2, 3, 7; Cic. Brut. 96, 329:

qui se suamque aetatem bene curant,

Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 36.—So, bene (se) habere: ut bene me haberem filiai nuptiis, have a good time at, etc., Plaut. Aul. 2, 8, 2:

qui se bene habet suisque amicis usui est,

who enjoys his life and is a boon companion, id. Mil. 3, 1, 128:

nam hanc bene se habere aetatem nimio'st aequius,

id. Merc. 3, 2, 6: bene consulere alicui, to take good care for somebody ' s interests:

tuae rei bene consulere cupio,

id. Trin. 3, 2, 9:

ut qui mihi consultum optume velit esse,

Ter. Phorm. 1, 3, 1:

me optime consulentem saluti suae,

Cic. Fam. 4, 14, 2:

qui se ad sapientes viros bene consulentes rei publicae contulerunt,

id. Off. 2, 13, 46.—So, bene mereri, and rarely bene merere, to deserve well of one, i. e. act for his advantage; absol. or with de:

addecet Bene me, renti bene referre gratiam,

Plaut. Rud. 5, 3, 36:

Licinii aps te bene merenti male refertur gratia?

id. Ps. 1, 3, 86:

ut memorem in bene meritos animum praestarem,

Cic. Fam. 1, 9, 10:

cogor nonnumquam homines non optime de me meritos rogatu eorum qui bene meriti sunt, defendere,

id. ib. 7, 1, 4:

tam bene meritis de nomine Punico militibus,

Liv. 23, 12, 5:

si bene quid de te merui,

Verg. A. 4, 317; cf. Cic. Opt. Gen. 7, 20; id. Sest. 1, 2; 12, 39; 66, 139; 68, 142; id. Mil. 36, 99; id. Phil. 2, 14, 36 et saep.; v. mereo, D. and P. a.—So esp. referring to price: bene emere, to buy advantageously, i. e. cheaply; bene vendere, to sell advantageously, i. e. at a high price: bene ego hercle vendidi te, Plaut. [p. 230] Durc. 4, 2, 34:

et quoniam vendat, velle quam optime vendere,

Cic. Off. 3, 12, 51:

ita nec ut emat melius, nec ut vendat quidquam, simulabit vir bonus,

id. ib. 3, 15, 61: vin' bene emere? Do. Vin' tu pulcre vendere? Plaut. Pers. 4, 4, 38:

melius emetur,

Cato, R. R. 1: quo melius emptum sciatis, Cic. ap. Suet. Caes. 50 fin.:

qui vita bene credat emi honorem,

cheaply, Verg. A. 9, 206; Sil 4, 756.—

Expressing kindness, thanks, etc.: bene facis, bene vocas, bene narras, I thank you, am obliged to you for doing, calling, saying (colloq.): merito amo te. Ph. Bene facis, thanks! Ter Eun. 1, 2, 106; cf.:

in consuetudinem venit, bene facis et fecisti non mdicantis esse, sed gratias agentis, Don. ad loc.' placet, bene facitis,

Plaut. Rud. 3, 6, 43: dividuom talentum faciam. La. Bene facis, id. ib. 5, 3, 52: si quid erit dubium, immutabo Da. Bene fecisti, id. Ep. 5, 1, 40 Lo. Adeas, si velis. La. Bene hercle factum vobis habeo gratiam. Accedam propius, id. Rud. 3, 6, 2; Ter. Ad. 4, 3, 10.—With gratiam habere: bene fecisti;

gratiam habeo maximam,

Ter. Eun. 5, 8, 61; cf.

bene benigneque arbitror te facere,

Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 130: quin etiam Graecis licebit utare cum voles... Bene sane facis, sed enitar ut Latine loquar, I thank you for the permission, but, etc., Cic. Ac. 1, 7, 25: an exitum Cassi Maelique expectem? Bene facitis quod abominamini... sed, etc., I am much obliged to you for abhorring this, but, etc., Liv. 6, 18, 9: bene edepol narras; nam illi faveo virgini, thanks for telling me, for, etc., Ter. Eun. 5, 3, 7 (cf.:

male hercule narras,

I owe you little thanks for saying so, Cic. Tusc. 1, 6, 10):

bene, ita me di ament, nuntias,

Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 20:

benenarras,

Cic. Att. 16, 14, 4; 13, 33, 2: tu ad matrem adi. Bene vocas; benigne dicis Cras apud te, thanks for your invitation, but, etc., Plaut. Merc. 5, 2, 108: eamus intro ut prandeamus. Men. Bene vocas, tam gratia'st, id. Men. 2, 3, 41.—

Of accuracy, etc., well, accurately, truly, completely:

cum ceterae partes aetatis bene descriptae sint,

Cic. Sen. 2, 5:

cui bene librato... Obstitit ramus,

Ov. M. 8, 409:

at bene si quaeras,

id. ib. 3, 141:

tibi comprimam linguam. Hau potes: Bene pudiceque adservatur,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 196:

bene dissimulare amorem,

entirely, Ter. And. 1, 1, 105:

quis enim bene celat amorem?

Ov. H. 12, 37.—So with a negation, = male restat parvam quod non bene compleat urnam, Ov. M. 12, 615: non bene conveniunt... Majestas et amor, id. ib 2, 846.—Redundant, with vix (Ovid.):

vix bene Castalio descenderat antro, Incustoditam lente videt ire juvencam ( = vix descenderat cum, etc.),

Ov. M. 3, 14:

tactum vix bene limen erat, Aesonides, dixi, quid agit meus?

id. H. 6, 24:

vix bene desieram, rettulit illa mihi,

id. F 5, 277.—

Sup., most opportunely, at the nick of time (comic):

sed eccum meum gnatum optume video,

Plaut. Merc. 2, 2, 57:

sed optume eccum exit senex,

id. Rud. 3, 3, 44. optume adveniens, puere, cape Chlamydem, etc., id. Merc. 5, 2, 69: Davum optume Video, Ter And. 2, 1, 35; 4, 2, 3; Plaut. Rud. 3, 5, 25; 4, 5, 19; Ter. Eun. 5, 2, 66; id. Heaut. 4, 5, 9; 5, 5, 2.—

Pregn.: bene polliceri = large polliceri, to make liberal promises ' praecepit ut ceteros adeant, bene polliceantur, Sall. C. 41, 5; cf.: bene promittere, to promise success:

quae autem inconstantia deorum ut primis minentur extis, bene promittant secundis?

Cic. Div. 2, 17, 38.—

In partic.

Bene dicere.

To speak well, i. e. eloquently:

qui optime dicunt,

the most eloquent, Cic. de Or. 1, 26, 119; 2, 2, 5:

etiam bene dicere haud absurdum est,

Sall. C. 3, 1:

abunde dixit bene quisquis rei satisfecit,

Quint. 12, 9, 7;

cf: bene loqui,

to use good language, speak good Latin, Cic. Brut. 58, 212, 64, 228.—

To speak ably:

multo oratorem melius quam ipsos illos quorum eae sint artes esse dicturum,

Cic. Or. 1, 15, 65; cf. Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 4. bene dicendi scientia, Quint. 7, 3, 12.—

To speak correctly or elegantly:

eum et Attice dicere et optime, ut..bene dicere id sit, Attice dicere,

Cic. Opt. Gen. 4, 13 ' optime dicta, Quint. 10, 1, 19.—So, bene loqui:

ut esset perfecta illa bene loquendi laus,

Cic. Brut. 72, 252:

at loquitur pulchre. Num melius quam Plato?

id. Opt. Gen. 5, 16.—

To speak well, i e. kindly, of one, to praise him; absol. or with dat., or reflex., with inter (less correctly as one word, benedicere): cui bene dixit umquam bono? Of what good man has he ever spoken well, or, what good man has he ever praised, Cic. Sest. 52, 110. bene, quaeso, inter vos dicatis, et amice absenti tamen, Plaut. Mil. 4, 8, 31.—Ironically:

bene equidem tibi dico qui te digna ut eveniant precor,

Plaut. Rud. 3, 2, 26:

nec tibi cessaret doctus bene dicere lector,

Ov. Tr. 5, 9, 9: cui a viris bonis bene dicatur, Metell. Numid. ap. Gell. 6, 11, 3.— And dat understood:

si bene dicatis (i. e. mihi) vostra ripa vos sequar,

Plaut. Poen. 3, 3, 18 ' omnes bene dicunt (ei), et amant (eum), Ter. Ad. 5, 4, 11:

ad bene dicendum (i e. alteri) delectandumque redacti,

Hor. Ep 2, 1, 155 —Part. ' indignis si male dicitur, male dictum id esse duco;

Verum si dignis dicitur, bene dictum'st,

is a praise, Plaut. Curc. 4, 2, 27 sq.: nec bene nec male dicta profuerunt ad confirmandos animos, Liv 23, 46, 1; cf. Ter. Phorm. prol. 20 infra. —Bene audio = bene dicitur mihi, I am praised:

bene dictis si certasset, audisset bene,

Ter. Phorm. prol. 20; v. audio, 5.—

To use words of good omen (euphêmein): Ol. Quid si fors aliter quam voles evenerit? St. Bene dice, dis sum fretus ( = fave lingua, melius ominare), Plaut. Cas. 2, 5, 38 heja, bene dicito, id. As. 3, 3, 155.—

Bene dixisti, a formula of approbation: ne quan do iratus tu alio conferas. Th. Bene dixti, you are right, Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 61. bene et sapienter dixti dudum, etc., it was a good and wise remark of yours that, etc., id. Ad. 5, 8, 30.—

Bene dicta, fine or specious, plausible words (opp. deeds):

bene dictis tuis bene facta aures meae expostulant,

Plaut. Pers. 4, 3, 25; so,

bene loqui: male corde consultare, Bene lingua loqui,

use fine words, Plaut. Truc. 2, 1, 16.—

Bene facere.

Bene aliquid facere, to do, make, something well, i. e. ably (v. I. A. 2. a. supra):

vel non facere quod non op time possis, vel facere quod non pessime facias,

Cic. Or. 2, 20, 86:

non tamen haec quia possunt bene aliquando fieri passim facienda sunt,

Quint. 4, 1, 70:

Jovem Phidias optime fecit,

id. 2, 3, 6; so, melius facere, Afran. ap. Macr. 6, 1.— P. a.:

quid labor aut bene facta juvant?

his labor and well-done works are no pleasure to him, Verg. G. 3, 525. —

Bene facere, with dat. absol., with in and abl., or with erga, to do a good action, to benefit somebody, to impart benefits (less cor rectly as one word, benefacio)

With dat.:

bonus bonis bene feceris,

Plaut. Poen. 5, 4, 60:

bene si amico feceris, ne pigeat fecisse,

id. Trin. 2, 2, 66:

malo bene facere tantumdem est periculum quantum bono male facere,

id. Poen. 3, 3, 20:

homini id quod tu facis bene,

id. Ep 1, 2, 33:

tibi lubens bene faxim,

Ter. Ad. 5, 5, 6, 5, 6, 8; 5, 8, 25:

at tibi di semper... faciant bene,

may the gods bless you, Plaut. Men. 5, 7, 32:

di tibi Bene faciant,

Ter. Ad. 5, 7, 20; so Plaut. Pers. 4, 3, 18.— Pass.:

quod bonis bene fit beneficium,

Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 108:

pulchrum est bene facere reipublicae,

Sall. C. 3, 1:

ego ne ingratis quidem bene facere absistam,

Liv. 36, 35, 4.—Reflexively. sibi bene facere, enjoy one ' s self, have a good time, genio indulgere (v. I. A. 2. e. supra): nec quisquam est tam ingenio duro quin, ubi quidquam occasionis sit sibi faciat bene, Plaut. As. grex 5.—

With in and abl.:

quoniam bene quae in me fecerunt, ingrata ea habui,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 30.—

With erga:

si quid amicum erga bene feci,

Plaut. Trin. 5, 2, 4.—

With ellipsis of dat., to impart benefits:

ingrata atque irrita esse omnia intellego Quae dedi et quod bene feci,

Plaut. As. 1, 2, 11:

quod bene fecisti, referetur gratia,

id. Capt. 5, 1, 20:

ego quod bene feci, male feci,

id. Ep. 1, 2, 34; id. Trin. 2, 2, 41:

si beneficia in rebus, non in ipsa benefaciendi voluntate consisterent,

Sen. Ben. 1, 7, 1:

benefaciendi animus,

id. ib. 2, 19, 1.—So esp. in formula of thanks, etc.' bene benigneque arbitror te facere, I thank you heartily, Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 129: Jup. Jam nunc irata non es? Alc. Non sum. Jup. Bene facis, id. Am. 3, 2, 56; v Brix ad Plaut. Trin. 384.—P. a. as subst.: bĕnĕ facta, orum, n., benefits, benefactions (cf. beneficium): bene facta male locata male facta arbitror, Enn. ap. Cic. Off. 2, 18, 62 (Trag. v 429 Vahl.): pol, bene facta tua me hortantur tuo ut imperio paream, Plaut Pers. 5, 2, 65: pro bene factis ejus uti ei pretium possim reddere. id. Capt. 5, 1, 20;

bene facta referre,

Claud. Laud. Stil. 3, 182 tenere, id. ib. 2, 42.—So freq. in eccl. writ ers:

et si bene feceritis his qui vobis bene faciunt,

Vulg. Luc. 6, 33:

bene facite his qui oderunt vos,

id. Matt. 5, 44.—

Absol., to do good, perform meritorious acts (in fin. verb only eccl. Lat.)' discite bene facere, Vulg. Isa. 1, 17:

interrogo vos si licet sabbatis bene facere an male,

id. Luc. 6, 9:

qui bene facit, ex Deo est,

id. Joan. Ep. 3, 11.— In P a. (class.): bene facta (almost always in plur.), merits, meritorious acts, brave deeds:

bene facta recte facta sunt,

Cic. Par 3, 1, 22:

omnia bene facta in luce se collocari volunt,

id. Tusc. 2, 26, 64; id. Sen. 3, 9:

bene facta mea reipublicae procedunt,

Sall. J 85, 5, cf. id. C. 8, 5; id. H. Fragm. 1, 19: veteribus bene factis nova pensantes maleficia, Liv 37, 1, 2; cf. Quint. 3, 7, 13, 12, 1, 41; Prop. 2, 1, 24; Ov. M. 15, 850, Claud. VI. Cons. Hon. 386.— Sing.: bene factum a vobis, dum vivitis non abscedet, Cato ap. Gell. 16, 1, 4.—

In medical language, to be of good effect, benefit, do good:

id bene faciet et alvum bonam faciet,

Cato, R. R. 157, 6.—So with ad: ad capitis dolorem bene facit serpyllum, Scrib Comp. 1; so id. ib. 5; 9; 13; 41.—

In the phrase bene facis, etc., as a formula of thanks, v I A. 2. f. supra.—

Expressing joy, I am glad of it, I am glad that etc. (comic.) Da. Tua quae fuit Palaestra, ea filia inventa'st mea. La. Bene meher cule factum'st, Plaut. Rud. 5, 3, 9: bis tanto valeo quam valui prius. Ly. Bene hercle factum et gaudeo, id. Merc. 2, 2, 27; Ter And. 5, 6, 11; id. Hec. 5, 4, 17; id. Eun. 5, 8, 7:

bene factum et volup est hodie me his mulierculis Tetulisse auxilium,

Plaut. Rud. 4, 1, 1; Ter. Hec. 3, 5, 11; so, bene factum gaudeo: nam hic noster pater est Ant. Ita me Juppiter bene amet, benefac tum gaudeo, Plaut. Poen. 5, 5, 47; Ter Phorm. 5, 6, 43; cf.: Me. Rex Creo vigiles nocturnos singulos semper locat. So. Bene facit, quia nos eramus peregri, tutatu'st domum, I am glad of it, etc., Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 19. bene fecit A. Silius qui transegerit: neque enim ei deesse volebam, et quid possem timebam, I am glad that A. Silius, etc., Cic. Att. 12, 24, 1.—

With esse.

Bene est, impers., it is well.

In the epistolary formula: si vales bene est; or, si vales bene est, (ego) valeo (abbrev. S.V.B.E.V.), Afran. ap Prisc. p 804 P; Cic. Fam. 5, 14, 1; 10, 34, 1; 4, 1, 1; cf. id. ib. 5, 7, 1; 5, 9, 1; 5, 10, 1; 10, 33, 1; 10, 14, 8; 10, 14, 11;

14, 14, 1, 14, 14, 16: si valetis gaudeo,

Plaut. Pers. 4, 3, 41 —These formulas were obsolete at Seneca's time: mos antiquis fuit, usque ad meam servatus aetatem, primis epistulae verbis adicere: Si vales, bene est;

ego valeo,

Sen. Ep. 15, 1.—

= bene factum est (cf. I. 2. k. supra): oculis quoque etiam plus jam video quam prius: Ly. Bene est, Plaut. Merc. 2, 2, 26: hic est intus filius apud nos tuus. De. Optume'st, id. ib. 5, 4, 49; Ter. Ad. 3, 3, 48, 5, 5, 3; id. Hec. 5, 4, 31.—

Bene est alicui, impers., it is ( goes) well with one, one does well, is well off, enjoys himself, is happy: nam si curent, bene bonis sit, male malis, quod nunc abest, Enn ap. Cic. N. D. 3, 32, 79 (Trag. v. 355 Vahl.):

bona si esse veis, bene erit tibi,

Plaut. Merc. 3, 1, 12:

quia illi, unde huc abvecta sum, malis bene esse solitum'st,

id. ib. 3, 1, 13:

qui neque tibi bene esse patere, et illis qui bus est invides,

id. Ps. 4, 7, 35 (so id. Trin. 2, 2, 71): num quippiam aluit me vis? De. Ut bene sit tibi, id Pers. 4, 8, 5; id. Poen. 4, 2, 90; Ter Phorm. 1, 2, 101: nemini nimium bene est, Afran. ap. Charis. p. 185 P.:

si non est, jurat bene solis esse maritis,

Hor. Ep 1, 1, 88:

nec tamen illis bene erit, quia non bono gaudent,

Sen. Vit. Beat. 11, 4: BENE SIT NOBIS, Inscr Orell. 4754; Plaut. Truc. 2, 4, 95; 4, 2, 36; id. Curc. 4, 2, 31; id. Pers. 5, 2, 74; id. Stich. 5, 5, 12; id. Merc. 2, 2, 55; Ter. Ad. 1, 1, 9.— Comp.: istas minas decem, qui me procurem dum melius sit mi, des. Plaut. Curc. 4, 2, 40:

spero ex tuis litteris tibi melius esse,

that your health is better, Cic. Fam. 16, 22, 1; Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 1; Ter And. 2, 5, 16.—With dat. understood: patria est ubi cumque est bene (i. e. cuique), where one does well, there is his country, Poet. ap. Cic Tusc 5, 37, 108 (Trag. Rel. inc. p. 248 Rib). [p. 231] —With abl., to be well off in, to feast upon a thing:

ubi illi bene sit ligno, aqua calida, cibo, vestimentis,

Plaut. Cas. 2, 3, 39:

at mihi bene erat, non piscibus, Sed pullo atque hoedo,

Hor. S. 2, 2, 120.—

Bene sum = bene mihi est:

minore nusquam bene fui dispendio,

Plaut. Men. 3, 2, 20:

de eo (argento) nunc bene sunt tua virtute,

id. Truc. 4, 2, 28: dato qui bene sit;

ego ubi bene sit tibi locum lepidum dabo,

id. Bacch. 1, 1, 51:

scis bene esse si sit unde,

id. Capt. 4, 2, 70.—

Bene habere.

With subj. nom.

To enjoy, Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 35 al.; v. I. A. 2. e. supra.—

To be favorable, to favor:

bene habent tibi principia,

Ter. Phorm. 2, 3, 82. —

With se, to be well, well off. imperator se bene habet, it is well with, Sen. Ep. 24, 9; cf.:

si te bene habes,

Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 122 Brix ad loc.—

Hoc bene habet, or bene habet, impers. ( = res se bene habet), it is well, matters stand well:

bene habet: jacta sunt fundamenta defensionis,

Cic. Mur. 6, 14:

bene habet: di pium movere bellum,

Liv. 8, 6, 4:

atque bene habet si a collega litatum est,

id. 8, 9, 1; Juv. 10, 72; Stat. Th. 11, 557.— So pers.: bene habemus nos, si in his spes est;

opinor, aliud agamus,

we are well off, Cic. Att. 2, 8, 1.—

Bene agere, with cum and abl.

To treat one well:

bene egissent Athenienses cum Miltiade si, etc.,

Val. Max. 5, 3, ext. 3.—

Impers.: bene agitur cum aliquo, it goes well with one, he is fortunate:

bene dicat secum esse actum,

that he has come off well, Ter. Ad. 2, 2, 2:

non tam bene cum rebus humanis agitur ut meliora pluribus placeant,

Sen. Vit. Beat. 2, 1.— With ellipsis of cum and abl.:

si hinc non abeo intestatus, bene agitur pro noxia (sc. mecum),

Plaut. Mil. 5, 23.—

Rem (negotium) bene gerere.

To administer well private or public affairs: multi suam rem bene gessere et publicam patria procul, Enn. ap. Cic. Fam. 7, 6, 1 (Trag. Rel. v. 295 Vahl.):

non ut multis bene gestae, sed, ut nemini, conservatae rei publicae,

Cic. Pis. 3, 6; so,

qui ordo bene gestae rei publicae testimonium multis, mihi uni conservatae dedit,

id. Phil. 2, 1, 2:

rem publicam,

id. Pis. 19, 45:

Apollini republica vestra bene gesta servataque... donum mittitote,

Liv. 23, 11, 3.—

To be successful, meet with success, acquit one ' s self well; usu. of war;

also of private affairs: bello extincto, re bene gesta, vobis gratis habeo, etc.,

Plaut. Pers. 5, 1, 2:

quando bene gessi rem, volo hic in fano supplicare,

id. Curc. 4, 2, 41;

quasi re bene gesta,

Ter. Ad. 5, 1, 13:

rem te valde bene gessisse rumor erat,

that you had met with great success, Cic. Fam. 1, 8, 7; id. Planc. 25, 61:

conclamant omnes occasionem negotii bene gerendi amittendam non esse,

Caes. B. G. 5, 57:

haec cogitanti accidere visa est facultas bene rei gerendae,

id. ib. 7, 44:

res bello bene gestae,

success in war, Liv. 23, 12, 11:

laeti bene gestis corpora rebus Procurate,

Verg. A. 9, 157; cf. Cic. Planc. 25, 61; Liv. 1, 37, 6; 4, 47, 1; 8, 30, 5; 22, 25, 4; 23, 36, 2.—

Bene vertere, in wishes.

With the rel. quod or quae res as subject, to turn out well; absol. or with dat.:

quae res tibi et gnatae tuae bene feliciterque vortat,

Plaut. Aul. 4, 10, 58:

quod utrisque bene vertat,

Liv. 8, 5, 6:

quod bene verteret,

id. 3, 26, 9; cf. id. 3, 35, 8; 3, 62, 5; 7, 39, 10; v. verto; cf.:

quod bene eveniat,

Cato, R. R. 141.—

With di as subject:

di bene vortant,

may the gods let it turn out well, may the gods grant success, Plaut. Aul. 2, 3, 5; cf. Ter. Ad. 4, 7, 10; id. Hec. 1, 2, 121; id. Phorm. 3, 3, 19; v. verte.—

Bene, colloquially in leave-taking: bene ambula, walk well, i. e. have a pleasant walk! Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 166: De. Bene ambulato! Ly. Bene vale! id. Merc 2, 2, 55:

bene valete et vivite!

id. Mil. 4, 8, 30:

cives bene valete!

id. Merc. 5, 2, 25; cf. id. Ep. 5, 1, 40; id. Merc. 2, 4, 28; 5, 4, 65; id. Curc. 4, 2, 30; Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 115; id. Hec. 1, 2, 122:

salvere jubeo te, mi Saturides, bene,

Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 35: LAGGE, FILI, BENE QVIESCAS, Sepulch. Inscr. Orell. p. 4755.—

In invocations to the gods, often redundant (cf. bonus):

ita me Juppiter bene amet,

Plaut. Poen. 5, 5, 47:

di te bene ament, Hegio,

id. Capt. 1, 2, 29:

ita me di bene ament,

Ter. Eun. 4, 1, 1; cf. id. ib. 5, 2, 43; id. Hec. 2, 1, 9; id. Phorm. 1, 3, 13:

Jane pater uti te... bonas preces bene precatus siem,

Cato, R. R. 134: bene sponsis, beneque volueris in precatione augurali Messala augur ait significare spoponderis, volueris, Fest. p. 351 Mull. (p. 267 Lind.).—

Elliptical expressions.

Bene, melius, optime, instead of bene, etc., dicit, dicis, or facit, facis, etc.:

bene Pericles (i.e. dixit),

Cic. Off. 1,40, 144:

bene (Philippus) ministrum et praebitorem,

id. ib. 2, 14, 53:

existimabatur bene, Latine (i. e. loqui),

id. Brut. 74, 259; so id. Sen. 14, 47:

at bene Areus,

Quint. 2, 15, 36; cf. id. 10, 1, 56:

nam ante Aristippus, et ille melius (i.e. hoc dixerat),

Cic. Fin. 1, 8, 26:

sed haec tu melius vel optime omnium (i.e. facies),

id. Fam. 4, 13, 7; id. Fin. 1, 18, 61; 1, 19, 63; id. Off. 3, 11, 49; id. Sen. 20, 73; id. Opt. Gen. 6, 18; Quint. 10, 3, 25; 10, 2, 24; 6, 1, 3; 9, 4, 23.—

In applauding answers' bene and optime, good! bravo! excellent! euge, euge! Perbene! Plaut. Rud. 1, 2, 75: huc respice. Da. Optume! id. ib. 3, 4, 3; cf. id. Merc. 1, 2, 114; 5, 4, 16.—

In drinking health, with acc. or dat., health to you, your health! bene vos! bene nos! bene te! bene me! bene nostram etiam Stephanium! Plaut. Stich. 5, 4, 27; Tib 2, 1, 31: bene te, pater optime Caesar, etc.; Ov. F. 2, 637:

bene mihi, bene vobis, bene amicae meae!

Plaut. Pers. 5, 1, 21; Ov.A.A. 1, 601.—

Pregn., in ellipt. predicate: quod (imperium) si (ei) sui bene crediderint cives... credere et Latinos debere, if his own citizens did well to intrust the supreme power to him, etc., Liv. 1, 50, 5:

in Velia aedificent quibus melius quam P. Valerio creditur libertas,

to whom it will be safer to intrust liberty, id. 2, 7, 11:

melius peribimus quam sine alteris vestrum viduae aut orbae vivemus,

it will be better for us to perish, id. 1, 13, 3:

bene Arruntium morte usum,

that it was right for Arruntius to die, Tac. A. 6, 48; Liv. 2, 30, 6; Quint. 9, 4, 92; Tac. A. 2, 44.—

Adv. of intensity, = valde, very, with adjj. and advv.

With adjj.: bene tempestate serena, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 2, 39, 82 (Ann. v. 517 Vahl.): foedus feri bene firmum, id. ap. Porphyr. ad Hor. C. 3, 24, 50 (Ann. v. 33 ib.); cf.:

bene firmus,

Cic. Fam. 16, 8, 1; id. Phil. 6, 7, 18:

bene robustus,

id. Div. in Caecil. 15, 48:

bene morigerus fuit puer,

Plaut. Capt. 5, 2, 13:

bene ergo ego hinc praedatus ibo,

id. Ps. 4, 7, 39:

bene lautum,

id. Rud. 3, 3, 39:

bene et naviter oportet esse impudentem,

Cic. Fam. 5, 12, 3:

id utrum Romano more locutus sit, bene nummatum te futurum, an, etc.,

id. ib. 7, 16, 3:

bene sanos,

id. Fin. 1, 16, 52; 1, 21, 71; Hor. S. 1, 3, 61; 1, 9, 44:

bene longinquos dolores,

Cic. Fin. 2, 29, 94:

sermonem bene longum,

id. Or. 2, 88, 361:

bene magna caterva,

id. Mur. 33, 69:

magna multitudo,

Hirt. B. Hisp. 4:

barbatus,

Cic. Cat. 2, 10, 22:

fidum pectus,

Hor. C. 2, 12, 15:

cautus,

Ov. H. 1, 44:

multa,

Ov. Tr. 1, 7, 15: multi, Pollio ap. Cic. Fam 10, 33, 4:

homo optime dives,

Sen. Vit. Beat. 23, 2.—

With advv.: bene saepe libenter, Enn. Ann. ap. Gell. 12, 4, 4 (Ann. v. 239 Vahl.); cf.:

bene libenter victitas,

Ter. Eun. 5, 8, 44:

bene mane haec scripsi,

Cic. Att. 4, 9, 2; 4, 10, 16:

bene penitus,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 70, § 169:

bene longe,

Hirt. B. Hisp. 25:

bene gnaviter,

Sen. Ot. Sap. 1 (28), 5.—With adverb. phrase:

siad te bene ante lucem venisset,

Cic. Or. 2, 64, 259.

fĭdes, ĕi ( gen. sing. scanned fĭdēï, Enn. ap. Cic. de Sen. 1, 1; Lucr. 5, 102.— Ante-class. and poet. form of the gen. fide, like die, facie, etc., Plaut. Aul. 4, 6, 1; id. Poen. 4, 2, 68; Ov. M. 3, 341; 6, 506; 7, 728; 737; Hor. C. 3, 7, 4; cf. Prisc. p. 781 P.; Charis. p. 53 ib.; Ritschl, Proleg. p. 90.— Dat. fide, Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 80; 91; 105; Enn. ap. Non. 112, 1, or Ann. v. 111 ed. Vahl.; Hor. S. 1, 3, 95), f. [fido], trust in a person or thing, faith, confidence, reliance, credence, belief (syn.: fidelitas, fiducia, confidentia).

Lit.

In gen.:

si sciat noster senex, fidem non esse huic habitam,

that he has not been trusted, Plaut. As. 2, 4, 52; cf.:

fides ut habeatur, duabus rebus effici potest... iis fidem habemus, quos plus intelligere quam nos arbitramur... bonis viris ita fides habetur, ut nulla sit in iis fraudis injuriaeque suspicio... prudentia sine justitia nihil valeat ad faciendam fidem, etc.,

to give confidence, produce confidence, Cic. Off. 2, 9, 33; see in the foll.: neque pauci, neque leves sunt, qui se duo soles vidisse dicant;

ut non tam fides non habenda, quam ratio quaerenda sit,

to give credence, id. Rep. 1, 10; cf.:

quod si insanorum visis fides non est habenda, quia falsa sunt, cur credatur somniantium visis, etc.,

id. Div. 2, 59, 122:

si ita posset defendere, tamen fides huic defensioni non haberetur,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 57, § 148:

me miseram! forsitan hic mihi parvam habeat fidem,

Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 117; cf.:

cum jam minor fabulis haberetur fides,

Cic. Rep. 2, 10:

(fidem) majorem tibi habui quam paene ipsi mihi,

id. Fam. 5, 20, 2; cf. id. ib. 7, 18, 1:

ex aliis ei maximam fidem habebat,

Caes. B. G. 1, 41, 4:

cui maximam fidem suarum rerum habeat,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 53, § 131; cf.:

cui summam omnium rerum fidem habebat,

Caes. B. G. 1, 19, 3:

fidem commenticiis rebus adjungere,

Cic. Div. 2, 55, 113:

testimonio fidem tribuere,

id. Sull. 3, 10; cf.:

Cratippus iisdem rebus fidem tribuit,

id. Div. 1, 3, 5:

et auctoritatem orationi affert et fidem,

id. Or. 34, 120:

si tota oratio nostra omnem sibi fidem sensibus confirmat,

id. Fin. 1, 21, 71:

constituere fidem,

id. Part. Or. 9, 31: fidem facit oratio, awakens or produces belief, id. Brut. 50, 187; cf.:

quoniam auribus vestris... minorem fidem faceret oratio mea,

id. Cat. 3, 2, 4:

aliquamdiu fides fieri non poterat,

Caes. B. C. 2, 37, 1;

so with dare (rare): res ipsa fidem sermoni meo dabit,

App. M. 4, p. 146, 25:

Hercules cui ea res immortalitatis fidem dedit,

assured of, Just. 24, 4, 4; Plin. Pan. 74, 3.—With object-clauses:

fac fidem, te nihil nisi populi utilitatem et fructum quaerere,

evince, show, Cic. Agr. 2, 8, 22: tibi fidem faciemus, nos ea suadere, quae, etc., will convince, Balb. et Opp. ap. Cic. Att. 9, 8, A. fin.:

mihi fides apud hunc est, nihil me istius facturum,

Ter. Heaut. 3, 3, 10; cf.:

cum vix fides esset, rem ullo modo successuram,

Suet. Vesp. 7:

male fidem servando illis quoque abrogant fidem,

Plaut. Trin. 4, 3, 41:

quorum rebus gestis, fidem et auctoritatem in testimonio inimicitiarum suspicio derogavit,

Cic. Font. 7, 13; cf.:

alicui abrogare fidem juris jurandi,

id. Rosc. Com. 15, 44; and:

omnibus abrogatur fides,

id. Ac. 2, 11, 36:

quae res fidem abrogat orationi,

Auct. Her. 1, 10, 17:

imminuit et oratoris auctoritatem et orationis fidem,

Cic. de Or. 2, 37, 156:

multa fidem promissa levant,

Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 10: fidem addere, to give credence (opp. fidem demere):

ex ingenio suo quisque demat vel addat fidem,

Tac. G. 3 fin. —

In partic., in mercant. lang., credit:

cum fides totā Italiā esset angustior, neque creditae pecuniae solverentur,

Caes. B. C. 3, 1, 2; cf.:

scimus, Romae solutione impedita fidem concidisse,

Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 7, 19:

fides de foro sublata erat,

id. Agr. 2, 3, 8:

labefacta jam fide,

credit being impaired, Suet. Vesp. 4:

pecunia suā aut amicorum fide sumpta mutua,

Sall. C. 24, 2:

non contentus agrariis legibus fidem moliri coepit,

Liv. 6, 11, 8; cf.:

fidem abrogare,

id. 6, 41, 11:

fidemque remque, perdere,

credit and means, Plaut. Ep. 2, 2, 36; cf.:

res eos jampridem, fides deficere nuper coepit,

Cic. Cat. 2, 5, 10:

nisi fide staret res publica, opibus non staturam,

Liv. 23, 48, 9 Drak.; freq.: res fidesque, for fame and fortune, property and credit, i. e. entire resources, Plaut. Curc. 4, 2, 18; id. Truc. 1, 1, 24; 38; id. Most. 1, 2, 64; Sall. J. 73, 6 Cort.—

Beyond the mercant. sphere ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

segetis certa fides meae,

i. e. return, yield, Hor. C. 3, 16, 30:

at tibi... Persolvat nullā semina certa fide,

Tib. 2, 3, 62:

fallax fides unius anni,

Plin. Pan. 32, 4:

quia hanc ejus terrae fidem Menander eludit,

Quint. 12, 10, 25.

Transf., that which produces confidence or belief.

The quality that produces confidence in a person, trustworthiness, faithfulness, conscientiousness, credibility, honesty; in things, credibility, truth, etc.

In gen. (erroneously regarded by Cicero as the primary signif. of the word; wherefore he derived it from fio; v. the foll. passages):

fundamentum justitiae est fides, id est dictorum conventorumque constantia et veritas. Ex quo, audeamus imitari Stoicos, credamusque, quia fiat, quod dictum est, appellatam fidem,

Cic. Off. 1, 7, 23 Beier; cf. id. Fragm. ap. Non. 24, 17 (Rep. 4, 7, p. 428 ed. Mos.); id. Fam. 16, 10 fin.:

justitia creditis in rebus fides nominatur,

id. Part. Or. 22, 78:

meo periculo hujus ego experiar fidem,

Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 99; cf.:

fides fidelitasque amicum erga,

id. Trin. 5, 2, 2:

homo antiqua virtute ac fide,

Ter. Ad. 3, 3, 88; cf.:

exemplum antiquae probitatis et fidei,

Cic. Rep. 3, 5:

esse summa probitate ac fide,

id. ib. 3, 17:

vir aequissimus, singulari fide,

id. ib. 3, 17:

quorum fides est laudata,

id. ib. 2, 36:

quibus facillime justitia et fides convalescit,

id. ib. 2, 14:

unde justitia, fides, aequitas?

id. ib. 1, 2:

cujus virtuti, fidei, felicitati (Gallia) commendata est,

id. Prov. Cons. 14, 35:

aequitas et fides,

id. Rep. 1, 35; cf.:

si pudor quaeritur, si probitas, si fides,

id. ib. 3, 18 fin.:

quanta fide, quanta religione,

id. Font. 6, 13:

hinc fides, illinc fraudatio,

id. Cat. 2, 11, 25: ille vir haud magna cum re sed plenu' fidei, Enn. ap. Cic. de Sen. 1, 1 (Ann. v. 342 ed. Vahl.): ubi societas? ubi fides majorum? Cato ap. Gell. 10, 3, 17: nulla sancta societas, nec fides regni est, Enn. ap. Cic. Off. 1, 8, 26 (Trag. v. 412 ed. Vahl.):

mea eraga te fides et benevolentia,

Cic. Fam. 1, 5, 1:

pro vetere ac perpetua erga populum Romanum fide,

Caes. B. G. 5, 54, 4:

in fide atque amicitia civitatis Aeduae,

id. ib. 2, 14, 2:

in fide manere,

id. ib. 7, 4, 5; cf.:

sincera fide in pace Ligures esse,

Liv. 40, 34, 11:

si tibi optima fide sua omnia concessit,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 49, 144:

praestare fidem,

id. Div. 2, 37, 79; id. Top. 10, 42; id. Att. 16, 7, 2; id. Fam. 1, 7, 6:

te oro per tuam fidem, ne, etc.,

Ter. And. 1, 5, 55: Eu. Dic bona fide: tu id aurum non surripuisti? Ly. Bona. Eu. Neque scis, quis abstulerit? Ly. Istuc quoque bona, Plaut. Mil. 4, 10, 42:

de pace cum fide agere,

Liv. 32, 33, 10:

jussas cum fide poenas luam,

Hor. Epod. 17, 37:

haecne marita fides?

Prop. 4 (5), 3, 11:

Aeacidae dederat pacis pignusque fidemque,

faithful bail, Ov. M. 12, 365:

perjura patris fides,

perjured faith, dishonesty, Hor. C. 3, 24, 59 et saep.—Prov.:

fides ut anima, unde abiit, eo numquam redit,

Pub. Syr. 181 (Rib.):

fidem qui perdit, quo se servet relicuo,

id. 166.—