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pulp+and+paper

  • 121 Mitscherlich, Alexander

    SUBJECT AREA: Paper and printing
    [br]
    b. 28 May 1836 Berlin, Germany
    d. 31 May 1918 Oberstdorf, Germany
    [br]
    German inventor of sulphite wood pulp for papermaking.
    [br]
    Mitscherlich had an impeccable scientific background; his father was the celebrated chemist Eilhardt Mitscherlich, discoverer of the law of isomorphism, and his godfather was Alexander von Humboldt. At first his progress at school failed to live up to this auspicious beginning and his father would only sanction higher studies if he first qualified as a teacher so as to assure a means of livelihood. Alexander rose to the occasion and went on to gain his doctorate at the age of 25 in the field of mineralogical chemistry. He worked for a few years as Assistant to the distinguished chemists Wöhler in Göttingen and Wurtz in Paris. On his father's death in 1863, he succeeded him as teacher of chemistry in the University of Berlin. In 1868 he accepted a post in the newly established Forest Academy in Hannoversch-Munden, teaching chemistry, physics and geology. The post offered little financial advantage, but it left him more time for research. It was there that he invented the process for producing sulphite wood pulp.
    The paper industry was seeking new raw materials. Since the 1840s pulp had been produced mechanically from wood, but it was unsuitable for making fine papers. From the mid-1860s several chemists began tackling the problem of separating the cellulose fibres from the other constituents of wood by chemical means. The American Benjamin C.Tilghman was granted patents in several countries for the treatment of wood with acid or bisulphite. Carl Daniel Ekman in Sweden and Karl Kellner in Austria also made sulphite pulp, but the credit for devising the process that came into general use belongs to Mitscherlich. His brother Oskar came to him at the Academy with plans for producing pulp by the action of soda, but the results were inferior, so Mitscherlich substituted calcium bisulphite and in the laboratory obtained good results. To extend this to a large-scale process, he was forced to set up his own mill, where he devised the characteristic towers for making the calcium bisulphite, in which water trickling down through packed lime met a rising current of sulphur dioxide. He was granted a patent in Luxembourg in 1874 and a German one four years later. The sulphite process did not make him rich, for there was considerable opposition to it; government objected to the smell of sulphur dioxide, forestry authorities were anxious about the inroads that might be made into the forests and his patents were contested. In 1883, with the support of an inheritance from his mother, Mitscherlich resigned his post at the Academy to devote more time to promoting his invention. In 1897 he at last succeeded in settling the patent disputes and achieving recognition as the inventor of sulphite pulp. Without this raw material, the paper industry could never have satisfied the insatiable appetite of the newspaper presses.
    [br]
    Further Reading
    H.Voorn "Alexander Mitscherlich, inventor of sulphite wood pulp", Paper Maker 23(1): 41–4.
    LRD

    Biographical history of technology > Mitscherlich, Alexander

  • 122 puuhioke

    yks.nom. puuhioke; yks.gen. puuhiokkeen; yks.part. puuhioketta; yks.ill. puuhiokkeeseen; mon.gen. puuhiokkeiden puuhiokkeitten; mon.part. puuhiokkeita; mon.ill. puuhiokkeisiin puuhiokkeihin
    groundwood pulp (noun)
    mechanical pulp (noun)
    mechanical wood pulp (noun)
    wood-pulp (noun)
    * * *
    forest and paper industry
    • mechanical pulp
    forest and paper industry
    • mechanical wood pulp
    forest and paper industry
    • pulp
    forest and paper industry
    • groundwood pulp

    Suomi-Englanti sanakirja > puuhioke

  • 123 hioke

    yks.nom. hioke; yks.gen. hiokkeen; yks.part. hioketta; yks.ill. hiokkeeseen; mon.gen. hiokkeiden hiokkeitten; mon.part. hiokkeita; mon.ill. hiokkeisiin hiokkeihin
    ground pulp (noun)
    mechanical pulp (noun)
    * * *
    forest and paper industry
    • ground pulp
    forest and paper industry
    • mechanical wood pulp
    forest and paper industry
    • mechanical pulp
    • groundwood
    forest and paper industry
    • grounwood pulp

    Suomi-Englanti sanakirja > hioke

  • 124 paperimassa

    yks.nom. paperimassa; yks.gen. paperimassan; yks.part. paperimassaa; yks.ill. paperimassaan; mon.gen. paperimassojen paperimassain; mon.part. paperimassoja; mon.ill. paperimassoihin
    pulp (noun)
    * * *
    forest and paper industry
    • paper pulp
    forest and paper industry
    • paper stock
    forest and paper industry
    • papermaking pulp
    forest and paper industry
    • pulp

    Suomi-Englanti sanakirja > paperimassa

  • 125 selluloosa

    yks.nom. selluloosa; yks.gen. selluloosan; yks.part. selluloosaa; yks.ill. selluloosaan; mon.gen. selluloosien selluloosain; mon.part. selluloosia; mon.ill. selluloosiin
    cellulose (noun)
    chemical pulp (noun)
    pulp (noun)
    * * *
    forest and paper industry
    • chemical pulp
    forest and paper industry
    • cellulose
    forest and paper industry
    • pulp

    Suomi-Englanti sanakirja > selluloosa

  • 126 madera

    f.
    1 wood.
    madera de pino pinewood
    de madera wooden
    madera noble fine wood
    2 piece of wood (tabla).
    * * *
    1 (en el árbol) wood; (cortada) timber, US lumber
    ■ es de madera it's made of wood, it's wooden
    \
    tener madera de... to have the makings of a...
    tocar madera to touch wood
    * * *
    noun f.
    1) wood
    * * *
    * * *
    1) ( material) wood; (para construcción, carpintería) lumber (esp AmE), timber (BrE)

    es de madera — it's made of wood, it's wooden

    tener madera: tiene madera de político he has the makings of a politician, he's politician material; tocar madera — to knock (on) wood (AmE), touch wood (BrE)

    2) maderas femenino plural (Mús) woodwind (+ sing o pl vb)
    3) ( en golf) wood
    * * *
    = lumber, timber, wood.
    Ex. While this city does have some light industry of its own - mostly metal, lumber, and paper products - its unhurried atmosphere and quiet shady streets camouflage all signs of mercantile activity.
    Ex. To match the small amount of existing furniture which was reused, internal joinery and furniture is in a light coloured timber.
    Ex. This hierarchy shows a general subject area, buildings, and its subordinate subject areas: building materials, auxiliary construction practices, construction in specific materials, wood construction, roofing and so on.
    ----
    * alcohol de madera = wood alcohol.
    * almacén de maderas = lumberyard, timber yard.
    * artesanía en madera = woodcraft.
    * barniz para la madera = wood varnish.
    * barniz para tratamiento de la madera = wood preservative.
    * barra redonda de madera = dowelling.
    * bloque de madera grabada = block.
    * cabaña de madera = log cabin, wood cabin.
    * cabaña de troncos de madera = log cabin, wood cabin.
    * casa de madera = log house, wood house.
    * casa de troncos de madera = log house.
    * con estructura de madera = timber-framed.
    * conservante de la madera = wood preservative.
    * cubierto con paneles de madera de roble = oak panelled.
    * cuña de madera = wooden quoin.
    * de estructura de madera = timber-framed.
    * de madera = wooden.
    * grabado en madera = woodcut, wood engraving.
    * guarnición de madera = wooden furniture.
    * impresión en plancha de madera = woodblock printing.
    * industria de la madera = timber industry.
    * letra de madera = wood letter.
    * madera a la deriva = driftwood.
    * madera contrachapada = plywood.
    * madera cortada a contrafibra = end-grain wood.
    * madera de abedul = birch wood.
    * madera de árbol frutal = fruit wood.
    * madera de teca = teak.
    * madera dura = hardwood.
    * madera encontrada en la playa = driftwood.
    * madera petrificada = petrified wood.
    * madera requemeda = charred wood.
    * mazo de madera = mallet.
    * pasta de madera = wood pulp [woodpulp].
    * pasta de madera triturada = groundwood, mechanical wood.
    * pasta de madera triturada químicamente = chemical wood.
    * plancha de madera = wood block [woodblock].
    * productos artesanos en madera = woodcraft.
    * revestimiento con paneles de madera = wainscoting [wainscotting].
    * revestimiento de paredes con paneles de madera = wood panelling.
    * sellador para madera = wood sealer.
    * sin madera = woodfree.
    * suelo de madera = wood flooring.
    * talla de madera = wood carving.
    * tallado en madera = wood carving.
    * tallista en madera = wood-carver.
    * tener madera de = be cut out for.
    * tornillo para madera = wood screw.
    * vivienda con estructura de madera = frame dwelling.
    * * *
    1) ( material) wood; (para construcción, carpintería) lumber (esp AmE), timber (BrE)

    es de madera — it's made of wood, it's wooden

    tener madera: tiene madera de político he has the makings of a politician, he's politician material; tocar madera — to knock (on) wood (AmE), touch wood (BrE)

    2) maderas femenino plural (Mús) woodwind (+ sing o pl vb)
    3) ( en golf) wood
    * * *
    = lumber, timber, wood.

    Ex: While this city does have some light industry of its own - mostly metal, lumber, and paper products - its unhurried atmosphere and quiet shady streets camouflage all signs of mercantile activity.

    Ex: To match the small amount of existing furniture which was reused, internal joinery and furniture is in a light coloured timber.
    Ex: This hierarchy shows a general subject area, buildings, and its subordinate subject areas: building materials, auxiliary construction practices, construction in specific materials, wood construction, roofing and so on.
    * alcohol de madera = wood alcohol.
    * almacén de maderas = lumberyard, timber yard.
    * artesanía en madera = woodcraft.
    * barniz para la madera = wood varnish.
    * barniz para tratamiento de la madera = wood preservative.
    * barra redonda de madera = dowelling.
    * bloque de madera grabada = block.
    * cabaña de madera = log cabin, wood cabin.
    * cabaña de troncos de madera = log cabin, wood cabin.
    * casa de madera = log house, wood house.
    * casa de troncos de madera = log house.
    * con estructura de madera = timber-framed.
    * conservante de la madera = wood preservative.
    * cubierto con paneles de madera de roble = oak panelled.
    * cuña de madera = wooden quoin.
    * de estructura de madera = timber-framed.
    * de madera = wooden.
    * grabado en madera = woodcut, wood engraving.
    * guarnición de madera = wooden furniture.
    * impresión en plancha de madera = woodblock printing.
    * industria de la madera = timber industry.
    * letra de madera = wood letter.
    * madera a la deriva = driftwood.
    * madera contrachapada = plywood.
    * madera cortada a contrafibra = end-grain wood.
    * madera de abedul = birch wood.
    * madera de árbol frutal = fruit wood.
    * madera de teca = teak.
    * madera dura = hardwood.
    * madera encontrada en la playa = driftwood.
    * madera petrificada = petrified wood.
    * madera requemeda = charred wood.
    * mazo de madera = mallet.
    * pasta de madera = wood pulp [woodpulp].
    * pasta de madera triturada = groundwood, mechanical wood.
    * pasta de madera triturada químicamente = chemical wood.
    * plancha de madera = wood block [woodblock].
    * productos artesanos en madera = woodcraft.
    * revestimiento con paneles de madera = wainscoting [wainscotting].
    * revestimiento de paredes con paneles de madera = wood panelling.
    * sellador para madera = wood sealer.
    * sin madera = woodfree.
    * suelo de madera = wood flooring.
    * talla de madera = wood carving.
    * tallado en madera = wood carving.
    * tallista en madera = wood-carver.
    * tener madera de = be cut out for.
    * tornillo para madera = wood screw.
    * vivienda con estructura de madera = frame dwelling.

    * * *
    Madeira
    * * *

     

    madera sustantivo femenino ( material) wood;
    (para construcción, carpintería) lumber (esp AmE), timber (BrE);
    ◊ madera blanda/dura softwood/hardwood;

    es de madera it's made of wood, it's wooden;
    mesa de madera wooden table;
    madera de pino pine (wood);
    tener madera de algo to have the makings of sth;
    tocar madera to knock (on) wood (AmE), touch wood (BrE)
    madera sustantivo femenino wood
    una puerta de madera, a wooden door
    (para construir) timber, US lumber
    ♦ Locuciones: tienes madera de artista, you have all the makings of an artist
    ¡toquemos madera!, touch wood!

    ' madera' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    adelgazar
    - barnizar
    - caoba
    - carpintería
    - de
    - enmohecerse
    - esculpir
    - forjada I
    - forjado
    - grabada
    - grabado
    - haya
    - indicada
    - indicado
    - labrar
    - labrada
    - labrado
    - nogalina
    - nudo
    - nudosa
    - nudoso
    - palo
    - perforación
    - perforado
    - podrida
    - podrido
    - pulir
    - revestimiento
    - roble
    - sándalo
    - somier
    - tablón
    - talla
    - tallar
    - tarugo
    - teca
    - trabajar
    - traspasar
    - veta
    - viga
    - viruta
    - abierto
    - apolillado
    - apolillarse
    - astilla
    - astillarse
    - barda
    - barniz
    - blando
    - cepillar
    English:
    bend
    - board
    - bunk
    - carve
    - chip
    - chisel
    - crate
    - cut
    - drill
    - eat into
    - grain
    - hobbyhorse
    - knotty
    - laminated
    - length
    - lumber
    - nail
    - of
    - out of
    - ply
    - polish
    - polished
    - post
    - potential
    - pulp
    - score
    - scrape
    - seasoned
    - shape
    - shave
    - shaving
    - slab
    - sliver
    - splinter
    - split
    - stain
    - stained
    - stamp
    - timber
    - timber-yard
    - touch
    - vaulting-horse
    - walnut
    - warp
    - weather
    - wood
    - woodcarving
    - woodcut
    - wooden
    - woodwind
    * * *
    madera nf
    1. [en árbol] wood;
    [en carpintería] timber, US lumber;
    de madera wooden;
    RP Fam
    ser de madera to be slow on the uptake;
    Fam
    tocar madera Br to touch wood, US to knock on wood
    madera contrachapada plywood;
    madera noble fine wood;
    madera policromada polychrome wood
    2. [tabla] piece of wood;
    atrancaron la puerta con dos maderas they barred the door with two planks of wood
    3. [cualidades]
    tener madera de algo to have the makings of sth;
    tener madera para algo to have what it takes for sth
    4. [palo de golf] wood;
    5. [en orquesta]
    la madera the woodwind (instruments)
    6. Esp muy Fam [policía]
    la madera the pigs
    * * *
    f wood;
    tener madera de fig have the makings of;
    tocar madera knock on wood, Br touch wood;
    ¡toca madera! knock on wood, Br touch wood
    * * *
    madera nf
    1) : wood
    2) : lumber, timber
    3)
    madera noble : hardwood
    * * *
    1. (material) wood
    2. (tabla) piece of wood

    Spanish-English dictionary > madera

  • 127 hierre

    forest and paper industry
    • refiner mechanical pulp
    forest and paper industry
    • refined mechanical pulp
    forest and paper industry
    • refiner groundwood

    Suomi-Englanti sanakirja > hierre

  • 128 sulfaattiselluloosa

    forest and paper industry
    • kraft pulp
    forest and paper industry
    • sulphate cellulose
    forest and paper industry
    • sulphate pulp

    Suomi-Englanti sanakirja > sulfaattiselluloosa

Страницы

См. также в других словарях:

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