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41 seal
I noun(Zool.) Robbe, dieII 1. noun[common] seal — [Gemeiner] Seehund
1) (piece of wax, lead, etc., stamp, impression) Siegel, das; (lead seal also) Plombe, die; (stamp also) Siegelstempel, der; Petschaft, das; (impression also) Siegelabdruck, der2)set the seal on — (fig.) zementieren (+ Akk.)
gain the seal of respectability — sich (Dat.) großes Ansehen erwerben
3) (to close aperture) Abdichtung, die2. transitive verb1) (stamp with seal, affix seal to) siegeln [Dokument]; (fasten with seal) verplomben, plombieren [Tür, Stromzähler]2) (close securely) abdichten [Behälter, Rohr usw.]; zukleben [Umschlag, Paket]; [zum Verschließen der Poren] kurz anbraten [Fleisch]my lips are sealed — (fig.) meine Lippen sind versiegelt
3) (stop up) verschließen; abdichten [Leck]; verschmieren [Riß]4) (decide) besiegeln [Geschäft, Abmachung, jemandes Schicksal]Phrasal Verbs:- academic.ru/91337/seal_in">seal in- seal off- seal up* * *I 1. [si:l] noun1) (a piece of wax or other material bearing a design, attached to a document to show that it is genuine and legal.) das Siegel2) (a piece of wax etc used to seal a parcel etc.) das Siegel3) ((something that makes) a complete closure or covering: Paint and varnish act as protective seals for woodwork.) die Abdichtung2. verb1) (to mark with a seal: The document was signed and sealed.) siegeln2) ((negative unseal) to close completely: He licked and sealed the envelope; All the air is removed from a can of food before it is sealed.) versiegeln3) (to settle or decide: This mistake sealed his fate.) besiegeln•- sealing-wax- seal of approval
- seal off
- set one's seal to II [si:l] noun(any of several types of sea animal, some furry, living partly on land.) der Seehund- sealskin* * *seal1[si:l]seal2[si:l]I. ngiven under my hand and \seal von mir unterzeichnet und versiegelt3. (to prevent opening) on letters Siegel nt; on goods Verschluss m; (from customs man) Plombe f; (on doors) Siegel nt, Plombe fthe police put \seals on the doors die Polizei versiegelte [o verplombte] die Türensb's \seal of approval jds Zustimmung6.II. vt▪ to \seal sth1. (stamp) etw siegeln [o mit einem Siegel versehen2. (prevent from being opened) etw [fest] verschließen; (with a seal) etw versiegeln; (for customs) etw plombieren; (with adhesive) etw zukleben3. (make airtight) etw luftdicht verschließen; (make watertight) etw wasserdicht verschließen; door, window, gaps etw abdichten; (cover with sealing fluid) etw versiegelnto \seal a joint einen Balken abdichten4. (block access to) etw versiegeln [o verschließen]5. (confirm and finalize) etw besiegelnwe won't celebrate until the contract has been signed, \sealed and delivered wir feiern erst, wenn der Vertrag auch wirklich unter Dach und Fach istto \seal an agreement with a handshake eine Vereinbarung durch Handschlag besiegelnto \seal sb's fate jds Schicksal besiegeln* * *I [siːl]1. n (ZOOL)Seehund m; (= sealskin) Seal m2. viIIto go on a sealing expedition — an einer Seehundjagd teilnehmen
1. n1) (= impression in wax etc) Siegel nt; (against unauthorized opening) Versiegelung f; (of metal) Plombe f; (= die) Stempel m; (= ring) Siegelring m; (= decorative label) Aufkleber mto be under seal —
under the seal of secrecy — unter dem Siegel der Verschwiegenheit
to put one's or the seal of approval on sth — einer Sache (dat) seine offizielle Zustimmung geben
to set one's seal on sth (lit, fig) — unter etw (acc) sein Siegel setzen
2. vtversiegeln; envelope, parcel also zukleben; (with wax) siegeln; border dichtmachen; area abriegeln; (= make air- or watertight) joint, container abdichten; porous surface versiegeln; (fig = settle, finalize) besiegelnsealed train —
seal the meat before adding the stock — Poren (durch rasches Anbraten) schließen und dann Fleischbrühe hinzufügen
this sealed his fate — dadurch war sein Schicksal besiegelt
to seal victory — den Sieg besiegeln
* * *seal1 [siːl]A s1. pl seals, besonders koll seal ZOOL Robbe f, engS. Seehund mC v/i auf Robbenjagd gehenseal2 [siːl]A s1. Siegel n:given under my hand and seal von mir unterzeichnet und versiegelt;set the (final) seal on figa) die Krönung bilden (gen),b) krönen;under (the) seal of secrecy (of confession) unter dem Siegel der Verschwiegenheit (des Beichtgeheimnisses)2. Siegel(prägung) n(f)3. Siegel(stempel) n(m), Petschaft n:5. JUR (Amts)Siegel n6. Plombe f, (amtlicher) Verschluss:under seal (Zoll etc) unter Verschluss7. sicherer Verschluss8. Garantie f, Zusicherung f9. fig Siegel n, Besiegelung f, Bekräftigung f10. fig Stempel m, Zeichen n:as a seal of friendship zum Zeichen der Freundschaft;he has the seal of death in his face sein Gesicht ist vom Tode gezeichnet11. TECHa) (wasser-, luftdichter) Verschluss:water seal Wasserverschlussb) (Ab)Dichtung fc) Versiegelung f (von Holz, Kunststoff etc)B v/t1. ein Dokument siegeln, mit einem Siegel versehen2. besiegeln, bekräftigen ( beide:by, with mit):seal a transaction ein Geschäft besiegelnhis fate is sealed sein Schicksal ist besiegelt4. autorisieren, mit einem Gültigkeitsstempel versehen6. a) versiegeln:b) einen Brief(umschlag) zukleben:sealed envelope verschlossener Umschlag7. einen Verschluss, Waggon etc plombierena vessel sealed in ice ein eingefrorenes oder vom Eis festgehaltenes Schiffa) MIL etc einen Flughafen etc abriegeln,b) die Grenze zu-, dichtmachen11. TECHa) Holz, Kunststoff etc versiegelnb) grundierenc) befestigen, einzementierend) zuschmelzen* * *I noun(Zool.) Robbe, dieII 1. noun[common] seal — [Gemeiner] Seehund
1) (piece of wax, lead, etc., stamp, impression) Siegel, das; (lead seal also) Plombe, die; (stamp also) Siegelstempel, der; Petschaft, das; (impression also) Siegelabdruck, der2)set the seal on — (fig.) zementieren (+ Akk.)
gain the seal of respectability — sich (Dat.) großes Ansehen erwerben
3) (to close aperture) Abdichtung, die2. transitive verb1) (stamp with seal, affix seal to) siegeln [Dokument]; (fasten with seal) verplomben, plombieren [Tür, Stromzähler]2) (close securely) abdichten [Behälter, Rohr usw.]; zukleben [Umschlag, Paket]; [zum Verschließen der Poren] kurz anbraten [Fleisch]my lips are sealed — (fig.) meine Lippen sind versiegelt
3) (stop up) verschließen; abdichten [Leck]; verschmieren [Riß]4) (decide) besiegeln [Geschäft, Abmachung, jemandes Schicksal]Phrasal Verbs:- seal in- seal off- seal up* * *n.Dichtung -en f.Robbe -n f.Seehund -e m.Siegel - n.Stempel - m.Verschluss ¨-e m. v.versiegeln v. -
42 measure
1) мера; критерий || мерить, измерять3) масштаб•- actual measure
- aggregate measure
- end measure
- health measures
- material measure
- performance measure
- preventive measures
- protective measures
- quadratic performance measure
- quality measure
- quantitative measures
- safety engineering measures
- safety measures
- similarity measure
- tape measureEnglish-Russian dictionary of mechanical engineering and automation > measure
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43 level
1) уровень2) тлв. совокупность параметров изображения или их комбинаций3) степень4) порог5) регулировка•- acceptance-quality level
- acoustic noise level
- adaptation level
- addressing level
- alpha-geometric level
- alphamosaic level
- ambient level
- ambient-noise level
- amplitude levels
- audio-signal output level
- automatic white level
- average picture level
- band-power level
- band-pressure level
- base level
- black level
- blanking level
- call-tone level
- carrier-noise level
- channel level
- channel switching level
- channel-noise level
- chromatic level
- circuit-noise level
- coding level
- controlled level
- C-scale sound level
- current sensitivity level
- damage level
- data link level
- datum level
- defined level
- detail level
- digitization level
- effective recombination level
- electromagnetic interference level
- energy saving level
- foreground level
- frequency-modulated noise level on carrier
- hearing level
- HF-signal level
- hierarchical levels
- high level
- higher-order hierarchical level
- illuminance level
- input signal level
- integration level
- interference level
- internal sound level
- interrupt level
- link level
- load compensating level
- load compensation level
- logical 0 low level
- logical 1 high level
- loudness level
- lower order hierarchical level
- main level
- maximum acceptable signal level
- maximum record level
- maximum signal level
- measuring transmission level
- metallic level
- minimum-signal level
- noise level
- noise-emission level
- noise-generation level
- nondistorted peak level
- operating level
- optical recording level
- output signal level
- overload level
- peak level
- pedestal level
- pressure spectrum level
- printthrough level
- priority level
- privilege level
- protective level
- quantization level
- rated transmission level
- receiver overload level
- reference-black level
- reference-white level
- regenerator section level
- relative-signal level
- relative-transmission level
- representation level
- restriction level level
- rumble level
- side-lobe level
- sidetone level
- signal level
- sound intensity level
- sound level
- sound pressure level
- source sound level
- spectral voice level
- spectrum level
- speech interference level
- speech level
- SSB-equipment reference level
- susceptibility level
- sync level
- synchronous level
- telephone-network computerization level
- television level
- testing level
- through level
- transmission level
- transmission-path level
- trigger level
- virtual channel level
- virtual path level
- zero level
- zero-transmission levelEnglish-Russian dictionary of telecommunications and their abbreviations > level
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44 material
n1) материал, вещество2) данные, факты, материал
- advertising material
- advertising and display material
- artificial material
- auxiliary material
- available material
- base material
- basic material
- building material
- bulk materials
- census material
- cheap material
- classified material
- commercial material
- competitive material
- construction material
- consumable material
- contaminating materials
- copyright material
- covering material
- critical material
- crude material
- customer's material
- dangerous materials
- defective material
- defence materials
- deficient raw materials
- descriptive material
- direct materials
- documentary material
- domestic raw materials
- durable material
- educational material
- expendable material
- experimental material
- fabricated materials
- faulty material
- finishing material
- first-grade material
- granular material
- high grade material
- high-quality material
- illustrated materials
- illustrative materials
- imported raw materials
- improper material
- indirect materials
- information material
- initial material
- inventory materials
- key materials
- key raw materials
- less costly material
- local material
- low-grade material
- manmade materials
- mined materials
- mineral raw materials
- nonproductive materials
- nonstandard material
- operational materials
- original material
- original raw materials
- packaging materials
- packing materials
- plastic materials
- primary material
- printed material
- production materials
- productive material
- promotional material
- protective material
- publicity material
- raw materials
- rejected material
- scarce material
- secondary raw materials
- selected materials
- source material
- standard material
- statistical material
- strategic material
- strategic raw materials
- structural materials
- substandard material
- superior material
- supporting material
- surplus material
- unfit material
- unused material
- used material
- useless material
- vegetable raw materials
- war materials
- waterproof material
- material for official use
- material in short supply
- materials on hand
- materials on order
- check material
- choose material
- circulate materials
- deliver material
- distribute materials
- economize material
- economize on material
- employ material
- examine material
- furnish materials
- inspect material
- obtain material
- present material
- process material
- procure material
- provide material
- reject material
- require material
- save material
- save on material
- select material
- send out materials
- store material
- supply material
- use materialEnglish-russian dctionary of contemporary Economics > material
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45 measure
1. n1) мера, единица измерения2) мерка; размер3) масштаб, критерий4) мероприятие, мера
- accurate measure
- adjustment measures
- administrative measures
- anti-avoidance measures
- anti-delinquency measures
- anti-evasion measures
- antiinflationary measures
- antiterrorism measures
- austerity measures
- coercive measure
- collective measures
- compensating measures
- compulsory measures
- confidence-building measures
- consolidating measures
- constitutional measures
- corrective measures
- cost-effectiveness measure
- cubic measures
- dependency measure
- devaluation measures
- disadvantageous tax measures
- discriminatory measures
- drastic measures
- dry measures
- economy measures
- effective measures
- effectiveness measure
- effectual measures
- emergency measures
- enforcement measures
- environmental measures
- extreme measures
- fierce measures
- follow-up measures
- governmental measures
- health measure
- immediate measures
- imperial measures
- industrial safety measures
- inefficient measures
- interim measures
- legislative measures
- linear measures
- liquid measures
- metric measures
- money measure
- performance measure
- practical measures
- precautionary measures
- preference measure
- preparatory measures
- preventive measures
- priority measures
- profitability measure
- proper measures
- protectionist measures
- protective measures
- provisional measures
- publicity measures
- rationing measures
- reliability performance measure
- restrictive measures
- retaliatory measures
- revenue measures
- revenue-enhancement measures
- safety measures
- security measures
- square measures
- standard measure
- status measure
- tax measures
- tax-raising measures
- temporary measures
- timely measures
- tough measures
- trade measures
- unit measure
- unlawful measures
- urgent measures
- utility measure
- volume measures
- waiting measure
- measures against money laundering
- measures for dismantling monetary gaps
- measures for economic development
- measures for export restraint
- measures for import restraint
- measures for labour protection
- measures for sales promotion
- measures of area
- measures of assistance
- measures of business cycle
- measures of capacity
- measure of coercion
- measures of compulsion
- measure of concentration
- measure of consumption
- measures of control
- measure of damages
- measure of dispersion
- measures of economizing
- measure of effectiveness
- measure of labour intensity
- measure of last resort
- measures of precaution
- measure of precision
- measure of prices
- measure of priority
- measure of producibility
- measure of productivity
- measure of profitability
- measure of quality
- measure of reliability
- measure of utility
- measure of utilization
- measure of value
- measures of weight
- measures on labour protection
- measures to combat the legal avoidance of tax
- made to measure
- adopt fierce measures against price-fixing
- apply measures
- call off measures
- put measures into effect
- take measures
- undertake measures
- work out measures2. vEnglish-russian dctionary of contemporary Economics > measure
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46 measure
n1) мера; мероприятие- adopt measures against smth.- direct measures against smth.- take measures against smth.2) мера; показатель; мерило; критерий• -
47 мера мер·а
1) (действие) measure, move, stepосуществлять меры — to carry out / to implement measures
предпринимать / принимать меры — to take measures / steps / actions, to make arrangements
прибегать к каким-л. мерам — resort to some measures
антиинфляционные меры, меры по борьбе с инфляцией — antiinflationary / antiinflation measures
бюджетные / финансовые меры — fiscal measures
временные меры — interim / temporary measures
высшая мера наказания — supreme / death penalty, capital punishment; last sanctions of the law
дисциплинарные меры — disciplinary actions / measures
жёсткие меры — strict / strong measures
карательные меры — punitive measures, vindictive actions
корректировочные меры, меры по урегулированию — adjustment measures
надлежащие / соответствующие меры — adequate / appropriate / due / proper measures / steps / actions
немедленные меры — prompt actions / measures / steps
неотложные / первоочередные меры — high priority measures
ограниченные меры — limited / restrictive measures / arrangements
правовые и административные меры по сохранению качества окружающей среды — legal and administrative measures for protecting environmental quality
предварительные меры — preliminary / provisional measures / steps
радикальные меры — drastic / radical measures
решительные меры — drastic / decisive / firm / resolute / tough / strong measures
своевременные меры — timely measures / steps
совместные меры — cooperative / joint measures
согласованные меры — agreed / agreed-upon measures
срочные меры — high-priority / urgent measures
строгие меры — rigorous / severe measures
чрезвычайные меры — extraordinary / emergency measures
энергичные меры — active / vigorous measures
эффективные меры — effective / effectual measures
меры безопасности / по обеспечению безопасности — safetyjmeasures
переговоры по мерам по укреплению доверия — negotiations / talks on confidence-building measures
меры, исключающие обход / нарушение условий договора / соглашения — measures to safeguard against circumvention
меры, касающиеся процедурных вопросов — procedural measures
меры, несовместимые с обязательствами — measure derogating from (one's) obligations
меры по контролю — control / verification measures
мера по нормированию / распределению — rationing arrangements
меры по ограничению и сокращению обычных / неядерных вооружений — nonnuclear disarmament measures
меры по оказанию помощи гражданскому населению — relief actions for the benefit of the civilian population
меры по предотвращению возможного обхода (соглашения) — measures to safeguard against circumvention, noncircumvention measures
меры по проверке (выполнения соглашения) — verification measures, measures of verification
меры по разоружению — disarmament measures, measures of disarmament
частичные меры по разоружению — partial disarmament measures, partial measures of disarmament
"пакет" мер по разоружению — package of disarmament measures
мера по укреплению стабильности — stabilizing measures, measures to enhance stability
мера предосторожности — safeguard / precautionary measures
меры принуждения — measures of enforcement / compulsion
меры, причиняющие вред — harmful measures
меры, связанные с чем-л. — associated measures
2) (величина) measure -
48 area
1) участок, район, площадь, зона, территория; ареал2) площадка; внутренний двор•served by crane area — площадь, обслуживаемая краном
- area of base - area of bearing - area of building - area of explosion - area of force - area of grate - area of harmfulness - area of heavy use of water - area of indentation - area of influence - area of influence line - area of moments - area of passage - area of pile head - area of reinforcement - area of section - area of steel - area of structure - area of the supposed construction - area of water section - area of well influence - abandoned area - active drainage area - administrative area - analysis area - ancillary area - assembly area - auxiliary area - backward area - bearing area - bending moments area - blighted area - blind area - blind drainage area - bond area - building area - built-on area - built-up area - catchment area - children's play area - clearance area - closed drainaged area - collecting area - common area - compression area - concrete area - congested area - conservation area - constructional area - contact area - control area - cross-section area - cross-sectional area - dead area - decontamination area - deficit area - densely populated area - depressed area - development area - diffusion area - dormitory area - drain area - drainage area - drainless area - drinking water protective area - dry area - dumping area - ecological risk area - effective area of concrete - emitting area - erection area - exit area - filter area - filtration area - floor area - flow area - flues area - gross area - gross residential area - gross site area - ground area of dwelling structures - housing area - improvement area - industrial area - infiltrating area - influence area - inlet area - intake area - interstream area - irrigated area - living area - living area per capita - loaded area - marginal reception area - market area - metropolitan area - moment area - natural drainage area - neglected area - neighbourhood area - net area - net floor area - net residential area - non-attainment area - non-contributing area - non-permit area - parking area - parking area per vehicle - play area - poor reception area - protected area - public area - punching shear area - rain area - recharge area - recreation area - reduced area - reference area - reinforcing steel area - rentable area - reserved area - residential area - sampling area - sectional area - sectorial area - seepage area of well - seismicity of the area - service area - setting area - settlement area - shear area - shopping area - spoil area - steel area - surface area - total area - turnaround area - unbuilt area - underprivilege area - unit area - unit surface area - urban area - urbanised area - usable floor area - waste area - water-collecting area - water-producing area - water quality problem area - water-shed area - water-surface area - wilderness areato hand the area over to — передать участок (напр. в распоряжение подрядчика)
* * *1. площадь (помещения, поверхности, фигуры и т. п.)2. площадка3. внутренний двор4. пространство, зона5. приямок (напр. у окна подвального этажа)area under control — ж.-д. стрелочная зона
- area of bending moment diagramarea under the load-deformation curve — площадь, ограниченная (участком) кривой нагрузка — деформация
- area of contact
- areas of cut and fill
- area of economic influence
- area of flues
- area of influence
- area of load distribution
- area of loading
- area of operation
- area of planting
- area of pressure
- area of reinforcing steel
- area of steel
- area of water supply
- area of waterway
- area of well influence
- accommodation area
- acting area
- active drainage area
- actual area
- aerodrome movement area
- airport construction area
- approach area
- architectural area
- assisted area
- backwater area
- baggage break-down area
- basic floor area
- bearing area
- bearing area of a foundation
- blast area
- blighted area
- blight area
- blind area
- bond area
- building area
- build-up area
- catchment area
- clearance area
- comprehensive development area
- concreting area
- congested area
- conservation area
- construction area
- contact area
- core area
- critical runway area
- cross-sectional area
- dangerous area
- daylight area
- dead-leg area
- depressed area
- designated area
- designated development area
- developed area
- development area
- differential area
- diffusion area
- diked area
- discharge area
- disposal area
- distressed area
- downtown area
- drainage area
- dry area
- earthquake area
- effective area of an orifice
- effective area of concrete
- effective area of reinforcement
- environmental area
- extension area
- face area
- filter area
- fire area
- flooded area
- floor area
- flow area
- free area
- fringe area
- gross area
- gross floor area
- gross leasable area
- gross retail area
- hangar area
- hard-to-reach area
- heat transfer area
- honeycombed area
- improvement area
- industrial area
- infiltration area
- influence area
- intermediate area
- interstream area
- kern area
- landing area
- lateral area
- leveed area
- light ventilation area
- loaded area
- manufacturing area
- metropolitan area
- moment area
- net cross-sectional area
- net room area
- net sale area
- net site area
- net structural area
- nominal area
- nominal body area
- off-limits area
- off-street area
- off-street parking area
- open air exhibit area
- open storage area
- original cross-sectional area
- outlining area
- parking area
- passage area
- pile surface unit area
- plan area
- preferential urbanization area
- priority development area
- processing area
- profile area
- protected area
- protected built-up area
- public transportation area
- radiation restricted area
- receiving area
- recreational area
- redevelopment area
- reserved area
- residential area
- rest area
- restrict area
- restricted area
- room area
- runway safety area
- scenic area
- seasonally frozen area
- sectional area
- service area
- serviced area
- shearing area
- shooting area
- shopping area
- shopping core area
- slum area
- slum clearance area
- small area
- small built-up area
- soil area
- sports area
- staging area
- standard metropolitan statistical area
- storage area
- surface area
- swamp area
- take-off and landing area
- terminal control area
- tight work area
- total area of reinforcement
- touchdown area
- traffic movement area
- transportation area
- unbuilt area
- undershoot area
- undeveloped area
- unreachable area
- urban area
- usable floor area
- valve area
- warehouse area
- water protection area
- water supply area
- wetted area
- working area -
49 Vermuyden, Sir Cornelius
SUBJECT AREA: Civil engineering[br]b. c. 1590 St Maartensdijk, Zeeland, the Netherlandsd. 4 February 1656 probably London, England[br]Dutch/British civil engineer responsible for many of the drainage and flood-protection schemes in low-lying areas of England in the seventeenth century.[br]At the beginning of the seventeenth century, several wealthy men in England joined forces as "adventurers" to put their money into land ventures. One such group was responsible for the draining of the Fens. The first need was to find engineers who were versed in the processes of land drainage, particularly when that land was at, or below, sea level. It was natural, therefore, to turn to the Netherlands to find these skilled men. Joachim Liens was one of the first of the Dutch engineers to go to England, and he started work on the Great Level; however, no real progress was made until 1621, when Cornelius Vermuyden was brought to England to assist in the work.Vermuyden had grown up in a district where he could see for himself the techniques of embanking and reclaiming land from the sea. He acquired a reputation of expertise in this field, and by 1621 his fame had spread to England. In that year the Thames had flooded and breached its banks near Havering and Dagenham in Essex. Vermuyden was commissioned to repair the breach and drain neighbouring marshland, with what he claimed as complete success. The Commissioners of Sewers for Essex disputed this claim and whthheld his fee, but King Charles I granted him a portion of the reclaimed land as compensation.In 1626 Vermuyden carried out his first scheme for drainage works as a consultant. This was the drainage of Hatfield Chase in South Yorkshire. Charles I was, in fact, Vermuyden's employer in the drainage of the Chase, and the work was undertaken as a means of raising additional rents for the Royal Exchequer. Vermuyden was himself an "adventurer" in the undertaking, putting capital into the venture and receiving the title to a considerable proportion of the drained lands. One of the important elements of his drainage designs was the principal of "washes", which were flat areas between the protective dykes and the rivers to carry flood waters, to prevent them spreading on to nearby land. Vermuyden faced bitter opposition from those whose livelihoods depended on the marshlands and who resorted to sabotage of the embankments and violence against his imported Dutch workmen to defend their rights. The work could not be completed until arbiters had ruled out on the respective rights of the parties involved. Disagreements and criticism of his engineering practices continued and he gave up his interest in Hatfield Chase. The Hatfield Chase undertaking was not a great success, although the land is now rich farmland around the river Don in Doncaster. However, the involved financial and land-ownership arrangements were the key to the granting of a knighthood to Cornelius Vermuyden in January 1628, and in 1630 he purchased 4,000 acres of low-lying land on Sedgemoor in Somerset.In 1629 Vermuyden embarked on his most important work, that of draining the Great Level in the fenlands of East Anglia. Francis Russell, 4th Earl of Bedford, was given charge of the work, with Vermuyden as Engineer; in this venture they were speculators and partners and were recompensed by a grant of land. The area which contains the Cambridgeshire tributaries of the Great Ouse were subject to severe and usually annual flooding. The works to contain the rivers in their flood period were important. Whilst the rivers were contained with the enclosed flood plain, the land beyond became highly sought-after because of the quality of the soil. The fourteen "adventurers" who eventually came into partnership with the Earl of Bedford and Vermuyden were the financiers of the scheme and also received land in accordance with their input into the scheme. In 1637 the work was claimed to be complete, but this was disputed, with Vermuyden defending himself against criticism in a pamphlet entitled Discourse Touching the Great Fennes (1638; 1642, London). In fact, much remained to be done, and after an interruption due to the Civil War the scheme was finished in 1652. Whilst the process of the Great Level works had closely involved the King, Oliver Cromwell was equally concerned over the success of the scheme. By 1655 Cornelius Vermuyden had ceased to have anything to do with the Great Level. At that stage he was asked to account for large sums granted to him to expedite the work but was unable to do so; most of his assets were seized to cover the deficiency, and from then on he subsided into obscurity and poverty.While Cornelius Vermuyden, as a Dutchman, was well versed in the drainage needs of his own country, he developed his skills as a hydraulic engineer in England and drained acres of derelict flooded land.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsKnighted 1628.Further ReadingL.E.Harris, 1953, Vermuyden and the Fens, London: Cleaver Hume Press. J.Korthals-Altes, 1977, Sir Cornelius Vermuyden: The Lifework of a Great Anglo-Dutchman in Land-Reclamation and Drainage, New York: Alto Press.KM / LRDBiographical history of technology > Vermuyden, Sir Cornelius
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50 glass
1. стекло3. стеклянныйA glass — известково-натриевое [щелочное] стекло
acid-resistant glass — кислотостойкое стекло
AF-994 glass — стекло для высокопрочного при повышенных температурах волокна, стекло S [AF-994]
aircraft glass — авиационное стекло
aircraft organic glass — авиационное органическое стекло
alkali-lime glass — натриево-щелочное стекло
aluminophosphate glass — алюмофосфатное стекло
aluminosilicophosphate glass — алюмокремнефосфатное стекло
aluminum-calcium-borosilicate glass — кальций-алюминиевое боросиликатное стекло
aluminum-silicate glass — алюминий-силикатное [алюмосиликатное] стекло
armored glass — армированное стекло, бронестекло
arsenic-modified selenium glass — селеновое стекло, модифицированное мышьяком
arsenic trisulfide glass — халькогенидное стекло, стекло из трёхсернистого мышьяка
barium-silicate glass — барийсиликатное стекло
barium-titanate glass — барий-титанатное стекло
beryllia glass — стекло из окиси бериллия
beryllia-containing glass — стекло с присадкой окиси бериллия
beryllium-fluoride glass — фторид-бериллиевое стекло
borate glass — боратное стекло
borax glass — борное стекло
borofluoroaluminosilicate glass — борофторалюмосиликатное стекло
borosilicate glass — боросиликатное стекло [крон]
bullet-proof glass — бронестекло, пуленепробиваемое стекло
bullet-resistant glass — бронестекло, пуленепробиваемое стекло
C glass — стекло с повышенной химической стойкостью, кислотоупорное стекло, стекло C
cadmium glass — кадмиевое стекло
calcium-aluminate glass — стекло из алюмината кальция
calcium-aluminosilicate glass — кальциево-алюмосиликатное стекло
cast glass — литое стекло
cellular glass — ячеистое стекло, пеностекло
ceramic glass — стеклокерамика, стеклокерамический материал
cerium glass — цериевое стекло
chalcogenide glass — халькогенидное стекло
chemical glass — стекло с повышенной химической стойкостью, кислотоупорное стекло, стекло C
chemically strengthened glass — химически упрочнённое стекло
chilled glass — закалённое стекло
conductive glass — проводящее стекло
conducting glass — проводящее стекло
corrosion-resistant glass — коррозионно-стойкое стекло
cover glass — защитное стекло
crown glass — 1) кронглас (сорт стекла с малой разницей в показателях преломления световых волн различной длины; даёт совершенно чистые изображения без радужной окраски по краям, применяется для оптических приборов) 2) крон ( сорт стекла с небольшими показателями преломления и дисперсией)
D glass — стекло с низкой диэлектрической постоянной, стекло D
E glass — стекло E, электрическое [бесщелочное алюмоборосиликатное] стекло
electrical glass — электрическое [бесщелочное алюмоборосиликатное] стекло, стекло E
electrically conducting glass — электропроводящее стекло
electroconductive glass — электропроводящее стекло
engineered glass — техническое стекло
ероху glass — эпоксидный стеклопластик
epoxy-impregnated fiber glass — стеклоткань, пропитанная эпоксидной смолой; эпоксидный стеклотекстолит
fatigue-strength glass — усталостно-прочное стекло
ferroelectric glass — сегнетоэлектрическое стекло
fiber glass — стеклянное волокно, стекловолокно, стеклоткань
fiberizable glass — волокно-образующее стекло
fibrous glass — волокнистое стекло, стекловолокно
flake glass — чешуйчатое стекло
flint glass — флинтглас, свинцовое стекло
fluorescent glass — люминесцирующее стекло
fluoroberyllate glass — фторобериллатное стекло
fluosulfate glass — фторосульфатное стекло
flutted glass — рифлёное стекло
foamed glass — пеностекло
fused silica glass — стекло из плавленого кварца
germanate glass — германатовое стекло
hard glass — 1) тугоплавкое стекло 2) твёрдое стекло
heat-absorbing glass — теплопоглощающее стекло
heat-resistant glass — теплостойкое стекло
heat-tempered glass — закалённое стекло
high-impact glass — ударопрочное стекло
high-modulus glass — стекловолокно с высоким модулем упругости, высокомодульное стекло
high-quality laser glass — высококачественное лазерное стекло
high-resistivity glass — стекло с высоким удельным сопротивлением
high-silica glass — высококремнезёмное стекло
high-strength glass — высокопрочное стекло
high-temperature glass — жаропрочное [жаростойкое] стекло
infrared glass — стекло, поглощающее лучи в инфракрасной части спектра
infrared transmitting glass — стекло, передающее инфракрасные лучи
inorganic glass — неорганическое стекло
insulated glass — изоляционное стекло
ionically conducting glass — ионопроводящее стекло
irradiated glass — облучённое стекло
laminated safe glass — слоистое [безосколочное] стекло, триплекс
laser glass — лазерное стекло
leached glass — выщелоченное [кремнезёмное, бесщелочное] стекло
lead glass — свинцовое стекло
lead-alkali glass — свинцово-щелочное стекло
lead-silicate glass — свинцово-силикатное стекло
light-sensitive glass — светочувствительное стекло
lime-silicate glass — известковое стекло
lithium-silicate glass — литий-силикатное стекло
low-electrical loss glass — стекло с малым коэффициентом диэлектрических потерь
low-expansion glass — стекло с малым коэффициентом теплового расширения
luminescent glass — люминесцирующее стекло
M glass — стекло с высоким модулем упругости, стекло M
magnesia glass — магнезиальное стекло
metallized glass — металлизованное стекло
neodymium-activated glass — стекло, активированное неодимом
neodymium-doped glass — стекло с присадкой неодима
neodymium-oxide glass — стекло из окиси неодима
neutron-absorptive glass — стекло, поглощающее нейтроны
non-oxide glass — бескислородное стекло
non-oxide chalcogenide glass — бескислородное халькогенидное стекло
nonshatterable glass — безосколочное стекло, триплекс
opaque glass — непрозрачное стекло
optical glass — оптическое стекло
optical maser glass — лазерное стекло
organic glass — органическое стекло, плексиглас
organosilane-finished glass — стекло, обработанное органосилановым аппретом
organosilane-treated glass — стекло, обработанное органосилановым аппретом
oriented glass — ориентированное стекловолокно
oxide glass — окисное стекло
phosphate glass — фосфатное стекло
phosphovanadate glass — фосфованадатное стекло
photochromic glass — фотохромное стекло
photosensitive glass — светочувствительное стекло
phototropic glass — фототропное стекло
polycrystalline glass — поликристаллическое стекло, пирокерам, ситалл
polymethylmethacrylate glass — полиметилметакрилатное стекло
porous glass — пористое стекло
potash-lead glass — свинцово-калиевое стекло
potassium-silicate glass — калий-силикатное стекло
pressed glass — прессованное стекло
protective glass — защитное стекло
pyrex glass — ( стекло) пирекс, боросиликатное стекло
quartz glass — кварцевое стекло
quenched glass — закалённое стекло
glass rare-earth oxide glass — стекло с редкоземельными окислами
ribbed glass — рифлёное стекло
riffled glass — рифлёное стекло
S glass — стекло S [S-994], стекло для высокопрочных при повышенных температурах волокон
S-994 glass — стекло для высокопрочных при повышенных температурах волокон, стекло S [S-994]
safety glass — небьющееся [безосколочное] стекло
selenide glass — селенидное стекло
selenium glass — селеновое стекло
selenium-ruby glass — селено-рубиновое стекло
semiconducting glass — полупроводящее стекло
shatterproof glass — безосколочное стекло, триплекс
silane-treated glass — стекло, обработанное силановым аппретом
silica glass — 1) кремнезёмное стекло 2) кварцевое стекло
silicate glass — силикатное стекло
silver-containing glass — стекло, содержащее серебро
soda glass — натриевое стекло
soda-lime glass — известково-натриевое [щелочное] стекло
sodium-phosphate glass — натрий-фосфатное стекло
sodium-silicate glass — натрий-силикатное стекло
special-purpose glass — стекло специального назначения
splinterproof glass — безосколочное стекло
sponge glass — губчатое стекло, пеностекло
spun glass — 1) стеклянное волокно, стеклоткань, стекловолокно 2) стеклянная пряжа
staple glass — штапельное стекловолокно
teflon-coated fiber glass — стеклоткань, покрытая тефлоном
telluride glass — теллуридное стекло
thermal-resistant glass — термостойкое стекло
thermal-shock resistant glass — стекло, стойкое к тепловому удару
thermal-stress resistant glass — стекло, стойкое к тепловым напряжениям
titanium-containing glass — стекло с присадкой титана
transmittant glass — прозрачное [бесцветное] стекло
transparent glass — прозрачное [бесцветное] стекло
transparent mirror glass — прозрачное отражательное стекло
ultra-high strength glass — сверхпрочное стекло
ultraviolet absorbing glass — стекло, поглощающее лучи в ультрафиолетовой части спектра
unsplittered glass — безосколочное стекло
vanadium-containing glass — стекло, содержащее ванадий
woven glass — стеклоткань
YM31A glass — стекло с высоким модулем упругости, стекло M
ytterbium-activated silicate glass — силикатное стекло, активированное иттербием
zinc-borosilicate glass — боросиликатно-цинковое стекло
English-Russian dictionary of aviation and space materials > glass
См. также в других словарях:
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