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61 pacto
m.agreement, pact.hacer/romper un pacto to make/break an agreementpacto electoral electoral pactpacto social social contractpres.indicat.1st person singular (yo) present indicative of spanish verb: pactar.* * *1 pact, agreement* * *noun m.1) pact, agreement2) covenant* * *SM agreement, pacthacer un pacto — to make an agreement, make a pact
PACTOS DE LA MONCLOA In the unstable political environment in Spain that followed Franco's death and the narrow victory of Adolfo Suárez's UCD party in the 1977 general election, it became obvious that a great deal of cross-party cooperation would be needed if progress was to be made. The result was the Pactos de la Moncloa, named after the prime minister's official residence, where the pacts were signed in October 1977. They were designed to bring together all political groups in a spirit of consensus in order to push through vital legislation, specifically the Constitution, but also budgets and regional policies.pacto social — [gen] social contract; [de salarios] wages settlement
See:ver nota culturelle LA CONSTITUCIÓN ESPAÑOLA in constitución* * *masculino pact, agreementcumplir/romper un pacto — to abide by the terms of/to break an agreement
* * *= covenant, pact.Ex. The article 'Public library: the Trojan Horse covenant' argues that too much emphasis is now placed on the privatisation of libraries, their transformation into information centres and collections which mirror current demands.Ex. Issues discussed at some length included problems arising from a recent copyright pact with the USA and how each country can obtain access to the best literature of the other.----* hacer un pacto con el diablo = make + a pact with the devil.* pacto con el diablo = pact with the devil.* pacto secreto = secret pact, secret deal.* pacto suicida = suicide pact.* * *masculino pact, agreementcumplir/romper un pacto — to abide by the terms of/to break an agreement
* * *= covenant, pact.Ex: The article 'Public library: the Trojan Horse covenant' argues that too much emphasis is now placed on the privatisation of libraries, their transformation into information centres and collections which mirror current demands.
Ex: Issues discussed at some length included problems arising from a recent copyright pact with the USA and how each country can obtain access to the best literature of the other.* hacer un pacto con el diablo = make + a pact with the devil.* pacto con el diablo = pact with the devil.* pacto secreto = secret pact, secret deal.* pacto suicida = suicide pact.* * *pact, agreementcumplir un pacto to abide by the terms of an agreementrompieron el pacto they broke the agreementhagamos un pacto let's make a pact o dealhacer un pacto con el diablo to make a pact with the devilCompuestos:Andean Pact ( agreement on economic cooperation between Andean countries)gentlemen's agreement(UE) stability and growth pactnon-aggression pactrepurchase agreementWarsaw Pactprenuptial agreementsocial contract* * *
Del verbo pactar: ( conjugate pactar)
pacto es:
1ª persona singular (yo) presente indicativo
pactó es:
3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) pretérito indicativo
Multiple Entries:
pactar
pacto
pactar ( conjugate pactar) verbo transitivo ‹paz/tregua› to negotiate, agree terms for;
‹plazo/indemnización› to agree on
verbo intransitivo
to make a pact, negotiate an agreement
pacto sustantivo masculino
pact, agreement;◊ cumplir/romper un pacto to abide by the terms of/to break an agreement;
Ppacto de Varsovia Warsaw Pact
pactar
I verbo transitivo to agree
II verbo intransitivo to come to an agreement
pacto sustantivo masculino pact, agreement
un pacto de no agresión, a non-aggression pact
un pacto entre caballeros, a gentlemen's agreement
' pacto' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
alianza
- caballero
- capitulación
- concierto
- estrechamiento
- sellar
- sigilo
- tratado
- trato
- acuerdo
- romper
English:
bargain
- compact
- covenant
- gentleman
- pact
- deal
* * *pacto nmagreement, pact;hacer/romper un pacto to make/break an agreement;cumplir un pacto to fulfil an agreement;hacer un pacto con el diablo to make a pact with the devilpacto de no agresión non-aggression pact;Pacto Andino = agreement between Andean countries to promote economic development and co-operation;pacto electoral electoral pact;Pol pacto a la griega = alliance of opposing forces in order to gain power;pacto de recompra repurchase agreement;pacto social social contract;Hist el Pacto de Varsovia the Warsaw Pact* * *m agreement, pact;pacto de no agresión non-aggression pact* * *pacto nmconvenio: pact, agreement* * *pacto n pact / agreement -
62 содействовать
несов. и сов. (сов. тж. посодействовать)(кому-л.) assist (smb.), help (smb.); (чему-л.) further (smth.), promote (smth.) contribute (to smth.); make* (for smth.)содействовать успеху кого-л. — contribute to smb.'s success
содействовать осуществлению чего-л. — facilitate the execution of smth.
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63 способствовать
1. (чему-л.) promote (smth.) further (smth.), favour (smth.); be conducive (to)способствовать чьему-л. счастью — contribute to, или make* for, smb.'s happiness
2. (кому-л. в чём-л.) assist (smb. in smth.) -
64 закон о содействии развитию добывающих отраслей США
Русско-английский словарь по нефти и газу > закон о содействии развитию добывающих отраслей США
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65 pop|rzeć
pf — pop|ierać impf Ⅰ vt 1. (wspomóc) to support, to back (up)- popierać rozwój czegoś to promote the development of sth- poprzeć czyjąś prośbę to back (up) sb’s request- popierać czyjąś kandydaturę to support a. back (up) sb’s candidacy2. (uzasadnić, potwierdzić) to justify, to back up- poprzeć swoje słowa dowodami to back one’s words with proof a. evidence- popierać swoje słowa czynami to put one’s money where one’s mouth is, to suit actions to words- deklaracja musi być poparta skuteczniejszym działaniem the declaration must be backed up with a. by more effective actionⅡ poprzeć się — popierać się to support each other/one another- członkowie rodziny solidarnie się popierali the members of the family stood togetherThe New English-Polish, Polish-English Kościuszko foundation dictionary > pop|rzeć
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66 ОТВЕТЫ НА ТОСТЫ
@Благодарю @Спасибо за поздравления и добрые слова...Thank you/I am grateful for/ I appreciate/ your congratulations and kind words@Я поднимаю мой бокал за гостеприимных организаторов нашей встречи, без которых наша встреча была бы невозможнаI wish to raise my glass to the hospitable organizers of our meeting/conference, who made our meeting possible/ brought about our meeting/without whom our meeting would have been impossible@Мы хотели бы поблагодарить вас за…ОТВЕТЫ НА ТОСТЫ внимание/за теплый/радушный прием/за сердечные поздравления - We would like to thank you for your consideration/help/thoughtfulness/ for the warm/friendly reception/ welcome/for your heartfelt congratulations@Мы надеемся, что наши встречи будут содействовать…ОТВЕТЫ НА ТОСТЫ делу/ укреплению/развитию дружеских связей - We hope that our meetings will advance/promote/further the development of/developing/ strengthening friendly contacts@От всего сердца принимаем приглашение @C благодарностью принимаем приглашениеWe are most happy/delighted to accept/We accept with gratitude your invitation@***тж. см. ТОСТЫ, ОБРАЗЦЫ ТОСТОВСловарь переводчика-синхрониста (русско-английский) > ОТВЕТЫ НА ТОСТЫ
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67 Мы надеемся, что наши встречи будут содействовать…
ОТВЕТЫ НА ТОСТЫ делу/ укреплению/развитию дружеских связей - We hope that our meetings will advance/promote/further the development of/developing/ strengthening friendly contactsРусско-английский словарь переводчика-синхрониста > Мы надеемся, что наши встречи будут содействовать…
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68 содействовать
несов. и сов. (кому́-л)assist (smb), help (smb); (чему́-л) further [-ðə] (smth), promote (smth), contribute (to smth), facilitate (smth)соде́йствовать разви́тию промы́шленности — further the development of industry
соде́йствовать успе́ху кого́-л — contribute to smb's success
соде́йствовать осуществле́нию чего́-л — facilitate (the implementation of) smth
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69 способствовать
1) (чему́-л; содействовать) promote (smth), further [-ðə] (smth), favour (smth); be conducive (to)спосо́бствовать разви́тию промы́шленности — favour the development of industry
спосо́бствовать чьему́-л сча́стью — contribute to [make for] smb's happiness
2) (кому́-л в чём-л; оказывать помощь) assist (smb in smth) -
70 training
HRactivities designed to facilitate the learning and development of new and existing skills, and to improve the performance of specific tasks or roles. Training may involve structured programs or more informal and interactive activities, such as group discussion or role playing, which promote experiential learning. A wide variety of activities, including classroom-based courses, on-thejob training, and business or simulation games, are used for training. Audio-visual and multimedia aids such as videos and CDROMs may also be employed. Training may be provided by an internal training officer or department, or by external training organizations. The effectiveness of training can be maximized by conducting a training needs analysis beforehand, and following up with evaluation of training. Training should result in individual learning and enhanced organizational performance. -
71 Argand, François-Pierre Amis
[br]b. 5 July 1750 Geneva, Switzerlandd. October 1803 London, England[br]Swiss inventor of the Argand lamp.[br]Son of a clockmaker, he studied physics and chemistry under H.-D. de Saussure (1740– 99). In 1775 he moved to Paris, where he taught chemistry and presented a paper on electrical phenomena to the Académie Royale des Sciences. He assisted the Montgolfier brothers in their Paris balloon ascents.From 1780 Argand spent some time in Montpellier, where he conceived the idea of the lamp that was to make him famous. It was an oil lamp with gravity oil feed, in which the flame was enlarged by burning it in a current of air induced by two concentric iron tubes. It produced ten times the illumination of the simple oil lamp. From the autumn of 1783 to summer 1785, Argand travelled to London and Birmingham to promote the manufacture and sale of his lamp. Upon his return to Paris, he found that his design had been plagiarized; with others, Argand sought to establish his priority, and Paul Abeille published a tract, Déscouverte des lampes à courant d'air et à cylindre (1785). As a result, the Académie granted Argand a licence to manufacture the lamp. However, during the Revolution, Argand's factories were destroyed and his licence annulled. He withdrew to Versoix, near Geneva. In 1793, the English persuaded him to take refuge in England and tried, apparently without success, to obtain recompense for his losses.Argand is also remembered for his work on distillation and on the water distributor or hydraulic ram, which was conceived with Joseph Montgolfier in 1797 and recognized by the grant of a patent in the same year.[br]Further ReadingM.Schroder, 1969, The Armand Burner: Its Origin and Development in France and England, 1781–1800, Odense University Press.LRDBiographical history of technology > Argand, François-Pierre Amis
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72 Galilei, Galileo
SUBJECT AREA: Photography, film and optics[br]b. 15 February 1564 Pisa, Italyd. 8 January 1642 Arcetri, near Florence, Italy[br]Italian mathematician, astronomer and physicist who established the principle of the pendulum and was first to exploit the telescope.[br]Galileo began studying medicine at the University of Pisa but soon turned to his real interests, mathematics, mechanics and astronomy. He became Professor of Mathematics at Pisa at the age of 25 and three years later moved to Padua. In 1610 he transferred to Florence. While still a student he discovered the isochronous property of the pendulum, probably by timing with his pulse the swings of a hanging lamp during a religious ceremony in Pisa Cathedral. He later designed a pendulum-controlled clock, but it was not constructed until after his death, and then not successfully; the first successful pendulum clock was made by the Dutch scientist Christiaan Huygens in 1656. Around 1590 Galileo established the laws of motion of falling bodies, by timing rolling balls down inclined planes and not, as was once widely believed, by dropping different weights from the Leaning Tower of Pisa. These and other observations received definitive treatment in his Discorsi e dimostrazioni matematiche intorno a due nuove scienzi attenenti alla, meccanica (Dialogues Concerning Two New Sciences…) which was completed in 1634 and first printed in 1638. This work also included Galileo's proof that the path of a projectile was a parabola and, most importantly, the development of the concept of inertia.In astronomy Galileo adopted the Copernican heliocentric theory of the universe while still in his twenties, but he lacked the evidence to promote it publicly. That evidence came with the invention of the telescope by the Dutch brothers Lippershey. Galileo heard of its invention in 1609 and had his own instrument constructed, with a convex object lens and concave eyepiece, a form which came to be known as the Galilean telescope. Galileo was the first to exploit the telescope successfully with a series of striking astronomical discoveries. He was also the first to publish the results of observations with the telescope, in his Sidereus nuncius (Starry Messenger) of 1610. All the discoveries told against the traditional view of the universe inherited from the ancient Greeks, and one in particular, that of the four satellites in orbit around Jupiter, supported the Copernican theory in that it showed that there could be another centre of motion in the universe besides the Earth: if Jupiter, why not the Sun? Galileo now felt confident enough to advocate the theory, but the advance of new ideas was opposed, not for the first or last time, by established opinion, personified in Galileo's time by the ecclesiastical authorities in Rome. Eventually he was forced to renounce the Copernican theory, at least in public, and turn to less contentious subjects such as the "two new sciences" of his last and most important work.[br]Bibliography1610, Sidereus nuncius (Starry Messenger); translation by A.Van Helden, 1989, Sidereus Nuncius, or the Sidereal Messenger; Chicago: University of Chicago Press.1623, Il Saggiatore (The Assayer).1632, Dialogo sopre i due massimi sistemi del mondo, tolemaico e copernicano (Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems, Ptolemaic and Copernican); translation, 1967, Berkeley: University of California Press.1638, Discorsi e dimostrazioni matematiche intorno a due nuove scienzi attenenti allameccanica (Dialogues Concerning Two New Sciences…); translation, 1991, Buffalo, New York: Prometheus Books (reprint).Further ReadingG.de Santillana, 1955, The Crime of Galileo, Chicago: University of Chicago Press; also 1958, London: Heinemann.H.Stillman Drake, 1980, Galileo, Oxford: Oxford Paperbacks. M.Sharratt, 1994, Galileo: Decisive Innovator, Oxford: Blackwell.J.Reston, 1994, Galileo: A Life, New York: HarperCollins; also 1994, London: Cassell.A.Fantoli, 1994, Galileo: For Copemicanism and for the Church, trans. G.V.Coyne, South Bend, Indiana: University of Notre Dame Press.LRD -
73 Keller, Friedrich Gottlieb
SUBJECT AREA: Paper and printing[br]b. 27 June 1818 Hainichen, Saxony, Germanyd. 8 September 1895 Krippen, Bad Schandau, Germany[br]German inventor of wood-pulp paper.[br]The son of a master weaver, he originally wished to become an engineer, but while remaining in the parental home he had to follow his father's trade in the textile industry, becoming a master weaver himself in 1839 at Hainichen. He was a good observer and a keen model maker. It was at this stage, in the early 1840s, that he began experimenting with a new material for papermaking. Until then the raw material had been waste rag from the textile industry, but the ever-increasing demands of the mechanical printing presses, especially those producing newspapers, were beginning to outstrip supply. Keller tried using pine wood ground with a wet grindstone. The mass of fibres that resulted was then heated with water to form a thick brew which he then strained through a cloth. By this means Keller obtained a pulp that could be used for papermaking. He constructed a simple grinding machine that could disintegrate the wood without splinters; this was used to make paper in the Altchemnitzer paper mill, and the newspaper Frankenberger Intelligenz-und Wochenblatt was the first to be printed on wood-pulp paper. Keller could not secure state funds to promote his invention, so he approached an expert in papermaking, Heinrich Voelter, Technical Director of the Vereinigten Bautzener Papierfabrik. Voelter put up 700 thaler, and in August 1845 the state of Saxony granted a patent in both their names. In 1848 the first practical machine for grinding wood was produced, but four years later the patent expired. Unfortunately Keller could not afford the renewal fee, and it was Voelter who developed the process of wood-pulp papermaking under his own name, leaving Keller behind. Without this invention, the output of paper from the mills could not have kept pace with the demands of the printing industry, and the mass readership that these technological developments made possible could not have been served. It is no fault of Keller's that wood-pulp paper contains within itself the seeds of its own deterioration and ultimate destruction, presenting librarians of today with an intractable problem of preservation. Keller's part in this technical breakthrough is established in his "ideas" notebook covering the years 1841 and 1842, preserved in the museum at Hainichen.[br]Further ReadingNeue deutsche Biographie. VDI Zeitschrift, Vol. 39, p. 1,238."EineErfindungvon Weltruf", 1969, VDI Nachrichten. Vol. 29, p. 18.Clapperton, History ofPapermaking Through the Ages (provides details of the development of wood-pulp papermaking in its historical context).LRDBiographical history of technology > Keller, Friedrich Gottlieb
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74 Napier (Neper), John
SUBJECT AREA: Electronics and information technology[br]b. 1550 Merchiston Castle, Edinburgh, Scotlandd. 4 April 1617 Merchiston Castle, Edinburgh, Scotland[br]Scottish mathematician and theological writer noted for his discovery of logarithms, a powerful aid to mathematical calculations.[br]Born into a family of Scottish landowners, at the early age of 13 years Napier went to the University of St Andrews in Fife, but he apparently left before taking his degree. An extreme Protestant, he was active in the struggles with the Roman Catholic Church and in 1594 he dedicated to James VI of Scotland his Plaine Discovery of the Whole Revelation of St John, an attempt to promote the Protestant case in the guise of a learned study. About this time, as well as being involved in the development of military equipment, he devoted much of his time to finding methods of simplifying the tedious calculations involved in astronomy. Eventually he realized that by representing numbers in terms of the power to which a "base" number needed to be raised to produce them, it was possible to perform multiplication and division and to find roots, by the simpler processes of addition, substraction and integer division, respectively.A description of the principle of his "logarithms" (from the Gk. logos, reckoning, and arithmos, number), how he arrived at the idea and how they could be used was published in 1614 under the title Mirifici Logarithmorum Canonis Descriptio. Two years after his death his Mirifici Logarithmorum Canonis Constructio appeared, in which he explained how to calculate the logarithms of numbers and gave tables of them to eight significant figures, a novel feature being the use of the decimal point to distinguish the integral and fractional parts of the logarithm. As originally conceived, Napier's tables of logarithms were calculated using the natural number e(=2.71828…) as the base, not directly, but in effect according to the formula: Naperian logx= 107(log e 107-log e x) so that the original Naperian logarithm of a number decreased as the number increased. However, prior to his death he had readily acceded to a suggestion by Henry Briggs that it would greatly facilitate their use if logarithms were simply defined as the value to which the decimal base 10 needed to be raised to realize the number in question. He was almost certainly also aware of the work of Joost Burgi.No doubt as an extension of his ideas of logarithms, Napier also devised a means of manually performing multiplication and division by means of a system of rods known as Napier's Bones, a forerunner of the modern slide-rule, which evolved as a result of successive developments by Edmund Gunther, William Oughtred and others. Other contributions to mathematics by Napier include important simplifying discoveries in spherical trigonometry. However, his discovery of logarithms was undoubtedly his greatest achievement.[br]BibliographyNapier's "Descriptio" and his "Constructio" were published in English translation as Description of the Marvelous Canon of Logarithms (1857) and W.R.MacDonald's Construction of the Marvelous Canon of Logarithms (1889), which also catalogues all his works. His Rabdologiae, seu Numerationis per Virgulas Libri Duo (1617) was published in English as Divining Rods, or Two Books of Numbering by Means of Rods (1667).Further ReadingD.Stewart and W.Minto, 1787, An Account of the Life Writings and Inventions of John Napier of Merchiston (an early account of Napier's work).C.G.Knott (ed.), 1915, Napier Tercentenary Memorial Volume (the fullest account of Napier's work).KF -
75 Weber, Wilhelm Eduard
SUBJECT AREA: Electricity[br]b. 24 October 1804 Wittenberg, Germanyd. 23 June 1891 Göttingen, Germany[br]German physicist, the founder of precise measurement of electrical quantities.[br]Weber began scientific experiments at an early age and entered the University of Halle, where he came under the influence of J.S.C.Schweigger, inventor of the galvanometer. Completing his education with a dissertation on the theory of organ pipes and making important contributions to the science of acoustics, he was awarded a lectureship and later an assistant professorship at Halle. Weber was offered the Chair of Physics at Göttingen in 1831 and jointly with Gauss began investigations into the precision measurement of magnetic quantities. In 1841 he invented the electrodynamometer type of electrical measuring instrument. This was a development of the galvanometer in which, instead of a needle, a small coil was suspended within an outer coil. A current flowing through both coils tended to turn the inner coil, the sine of the angle through which the suspending wires were twisted being proportional to the square of the strength of the current. A variation of the electrodynamometer was capable of measuring directly the power in electrical circuits.The introduction by Weber of a system of absolute units for the measurement of electrical quantities was a most important step in electrical science. He had a considerable influence on the British Association committees on electrical standards organized in 1861 to promote a coherent system of electrical units. Weber's ideas also led him to define elementary electric particles, ascribing mass and charge to them. His name was used for a time before 1883 as the unit of electric current, until the name "ampere" was proposed by Helmholtz. Since 1948 the term "weber" has been used for the SI unit of magnetic flux.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsFRS 1850. Royal Society Copley Medal 1859.Bibliography1892–4, William Weber's Werke, 6 vols, Berlin.Further ReadingP.Lenard, 1954, Great Men of Science, London, pp. 263–70 (a reliable, short biography). C.C.Gillispie (ed.), 1976, Dictionary of Scientific Biography, Vol. XIV, New York, pp.203–9 (discusses his theoretical contributions).S.P.Bordeau, 1982, Volts to Herz, Minneapolis, pp. 172 and 181 (discusses Weber's influence on contemporary scientists).GW -
76 Программа содействия развитию европейской аудиовизуальной промышленности [МЕДИА]
Action Programme to Promote the Development of the European Audiovisual Industry [ MEDIA]Русско-английский словарь русских соответствий названий и организаций Евросоюза > Программа содействия развитию европейской аудиовизуальной промышленности [МЕДИА]
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77 δόξα
δόξα, ης, ἡ (s. δοξάζω; in var. mngs. Hom.+; in Ath. ‘meaning’). In many of the passages in our lit. the OT and Gr-Rom. perceptions of dependence of fame and honor on extraordinary performance deserve further exploration. SIG 456, 15 is typical: concern for others leads to enhancement of one’s δόξα or reputation. The Common Gk. usage of δ. in sense of ‘notion, opinion’ is not found in the NT.① the condition of being bright or shining, brightness, splendor, radiance (a distinctive aspect of Hb. כָּבוֹד).ⓐ of physical phenomena (PGM 13, 189 τὴν δόξαν τοῦ φωτός, cp. 298ff. On this Rtzst., Mysterienrel.3 357ff, also 314 δόξα ἐκ τ. πυρός [cp. Just., D. 128]; 315 φῶς κ. δόξαν θεῖαν [=Cleopatra 150]; LXX; TestJob 43:6 τῆ λαμπάδα αὐτοῦ) οὐκ ἐνέβλεπον ἀπὸ τῆς δ. τοῦ φωτός I could not see because of the brightness of the light Ac 22:11; ὁρᾶν τὴν δ. see the radiance Lk 9:32; cp. vs. 31. Everything in heaven has this radiance: the radiant bodies in the sky 1 Cor 15:40f (cp. PGM 13, 64 σὺ ἔδωκας ἡλίῳ τὴν δόξαν κ. δύναμιν; 448; Sir 43:9, 12; 50:7).ⓑ of humans involved in transcendent circumstances, and also transcendent beings: cherubim (Sir 49:8; Ezk 10:4) Hb 9:5; angels Lk 2:9; Rv 18:1. Esp. of God’s self (Ex 24:17; 40:34; Num 14:10; Bar 5:9 τὸ φῶς τῆς δόξης αὐτου; Tob 12:15; 13:16 BA; 2 Macc 2:8; SibOr 5, 427) ὁ θεὸς τῆς δ. (En 25:7) Ac 7:2 (Ps 28:3); cp. J 12:41 (Is 6:1); Ac 7:55; 2 Th 1:9; 2 Pt 1:17b; Rv 15:8; 19:1; 21:11, 23. ὁ πατὴρ τῆς δ. Eph 1:17; βασιλεὺς τῆς δ. AcPl BMM verso 24 and 26. But also of those who appear before God: Moses 2 Cor 3:7–11, 18 (Just., D. 127, 3; cp. Ἀδὰμ τῆς δ. θεοῦ ἐγυμνώθη GrBar 4:16); Christians in the next life 1 Cor 15:43; Col 3:4. The δόξα τοῦ θεοῦ as it relates to the final judgment Ro 3:23; 5:2 (but s. 3); Jesus himself has a σῶμα τῆς δ. radiant, glorious body Phil 3:21; cp. 2 Cl 17:5. Christ is the κύριος τ. δόξης 1 Cor 2:8 (cp. En 22:14; 27:3, 5; 36:4; 40:3 of God; PGM 7, 713 κύριοι δόξης of deities).—The concept has been widened to denote the glory, majesty, sublimity of God in general (PGM 4, 1202 ἐφώνησά σου τ. ἀνυπέρβλητον δόξαν; Orig., C. Cels. 4, 1, 24 οἰκοδομεῖν … ναὸν δόξης θεοῦ) ἀλλάσσειν τὴν δ. τοῦ θεοῦ exchange the majesty of God Ro 1:23; κατενώπιον τῆς δόξης αὐτοῦ Jd 24 (cp. En 104:1)=before himself. Christ was raised fr. the dead διὰ τῆς δ. τοῦ πατρός by the majesty (here, as in J 2:11, the thought of power, might is also present; cp. Rtzst., Mysterienrel.3 344, 359 and PGM 4, 1650 δὸς δόξαν καὶ χάριν τῷ φυλακτηρίῳ τούτῳ; Wsd 9:11 φυλάξει με ἐν τ. δόξῃ; Philo, Spec. Leg. 1, 45.—JVogel, Het sanscrit woord tejas [=gloedvuur] in de beteekenis van magische Kracht 1930) of the Father Ro 6:4; cp. Mt 16:27; Mk 8:38; AcPl Ha 10, 9; ὄψῃ τὴν δ. τοῦ θεοῦ J 11:40; κράτος τῆς δ. majestic power Col 1:11; πλοῦτος τῆς δ. the wealth of his glory Ro 9:23; Eph 1:18; cp. Eph 3:16; Phil 4:19; Col 1:27; δ. τῆς χάριτος (PGM 4, 1650, s. above) Eph 1:6; w. ἀρετή 2 Pt 1:3 (τῆς ἐπʼ ἀρετῇ καὶ δόξῃ διαλήψεως, ins at Aphrodisias II, 14: ZPE 8, ’71, 186); ἀπαύγασμα τῆς δ. Hb 1:3; τὴν ἐπιφάνειαν τῆς δ. τοῦ μεγάλου θεοῦ Tit 2:13. Some would classify Ro 2:7, 10 here, but these and related pass. w. the formulation δόξα καὶ τιμή prob. are better placed in 3 below because of their focus on honor and prestige. Doxol. σοῦ ἐστιν ἡ δ. εἰς τ. αἰῶνας, ἀμήν (Odes 12:15 [Prayer of Manasseh]) Mt 6:13 v.l.; AcPl Ha 2, 33; εἰς ἔπαινον τῆς δ. αὐτοῦ Eph 1:12, 14; cp. 1:6.—1 Th 2:12; 1 Pt 5:10. Pl. Hv 1, 3, 3. κατὰ τὸ εὐαγγέλιον τῆς δ. τοῦ μακαρίου θεοῦ 1 Ti 1:11. Transferred to Christ: Mt 19:28; 24:30; 25:31; Mk 10:37; 13:26; Lk 9:26; 21:27; J 1:14; 2:11; Js 2:1 (AMeyer, D. Rätsel d. Js 1930, 118ff); B 12:7; AcPl Ha 7:7. τὸν φωτισμὸν τοῦ εὐαγγελίου τῆς δ. τοῦ χριστοῦ the news that shines with the greatness of Christ 2 Cor 4:4; cp. 4:6 (cp. Just., A I, 51, 8 παραγίνεσθαι μετὰ δόξης μέλλει). Of Christ’s prestige promoted by Paul’s associates 2 Cor 8:23 (but s. d and 3 below).ⓒ The state of being in the next life is thus described as participation in the radiance or gloryα. w. ref. to Christ: εἰσελθεῖν εἰς τὴν δ. αὐτοῦ enter into his glory Lk 24:26 (βασιλείαν P75 first hand); ἀνελήμφθη ἐν δ. 1 Ti 3:16; cp. τὰς μετὰ ταῦτα δ.1 Pt 1:11 (but s. β below; pl. because of the παθήματα; cp. also Wsd 18:24; Isocr. 4, 51; POslo 85, 13 [III A.D.]), 21. ἐν τῇ ἀποκαλύψει τῆς δ. αὐτοῦ 4:13. Also of Christ’s preëxistence: J 17:5, 22, 24.β. w. ref. to his followers (cp. Da 12:13; Herm. Wr. 10, 7): Ro 8:18, 21; 1 Cor 2:7; 2 Cor 4:17; 1 Th 2:12; 2 Th 2:14; 2 Ti 2:10; Hb 2:10; 1 Pt 5:1, 4 (στέφανος τ. δόξης; on this expr. cp. Jer 13:18; TestBenj 4:1); εἰς … δ. καὶ τιμὴν ἐν ἀποκαλύψει Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ 1 Pt 1:7 (perh. 1:11 belongs here, in ref. to sufferings that are endured in behalf of Christ). πνεῦμα τῆς δ. w. πν. τοῦ θεοῦ 4:14. ἵνα πνευματικὴν καὶ ἄφθαρτον τῆς δικαιοσύνης δόξαν κληρονομήσωσιν ending of Mk 16:14 v.l. (Freer ms. ln. 11f) (Cleopatra 146f ἐνέδυσεν αὐτοὺς θείαν δόξαν πνευματικήν); ἥτις ἐστὶν δ. ὑμῶν (my troubles) promote your glory Eph 3:13 (s. MDibelius, comm. on Col 1:24ff) τόπος τῆς δ.=the hereafter 1 Cl 5:4.ⓓ of reflected radiance reflection ἀνὴρ … εἰκὼν καὶ δόξα θεοῦ man (as distinguished from woman) is the image and reflection of God 1 Cor 11:7 (perh. this thought finds expression Ro 3:23; 5:2, but s. 3, below); also γυνὴ δόξα ἀνδρός ibid. (cp. the formal similarity but difft. mng. in the Jewish ins in Lietzmann comm. ad loc.: ἡ δόξα Σωφρονίου Λούκιλλα εὐλογημένη; s. also AFeuillet, RB 81, ’74, 161–82). Some interpret δ. Χριστοῦ 2 Cor 8:23 in ref. to Paul’s associates (but s. 1b).② a state of being magnificent, greatness, splendor, anything that catches the eye (1 Esdr 6:9; 1 Macc 10:60, 86; 2 Macc 5:20): fine clothing (Sir 6:31; 27:8; 45:7; 50:11) of a king Mt 6:29; Lk 12:27; of royal splendor gener. (Bar 5:6; 1 Macc 10:58; Jos., Ant. 8, 166) Mt 4:8; Lk 4:6; Rv 21:24, 26. Gener. of human splendor of any sort 1 Pt 1:24 (Is 40:6).③ honor as enhancement or recognition of status or performance, fame, recognition, renown, honor, prestige (s. s.v. ἀγαθός and δικαιο-entries; Diod S 15, 61, 5 abs. δόξα= good reputation; Appian, Bell. Civ. 2, 89 §376 δ. ἀγαθή good reputation, esteem; Polyaenus 8 Prooem. δόξα ἀθάνατος=eternal renown; Herm. Wr. 14, 7; PsSol 1:4; 17:6; Jos., Ant. 4, 14, Vi. 274; Just., A II, 10, 8 δόξης … καταφρονήσαντος) of public approbation (cp. Orig., C. Cels. 7, 24, 1; Did., Gen. 238, 25) ἐνώπιον πάντων τῶν συνανακειμένων σοι Lk 14:10; δ. λαμβάνειν (En 99:1; Diog. L. 9, 37 of Democr. οὐκ ἐκ τόπου δόξαν λαβεῖν βουλόμενος) J 5:41, 44a al.; sim. of God Rv 4:11 and the Lamb 5:12 receiving honor. J 8:54 (=make high claims for myself); 12:43a (cp. 8:50); Ro 9:4; 2 Cor 6:8 (opp. ἀτιμία); 1 Th 2:6; 1 Cl 3:1; B 19:3; Hv 1, 1, 8. Gener. γυνὴ … ἐὰν κομᾷ, δόξα αὐτῇ ἐστιν, i.e. she enjoys a favorable reputation 1 Cor 11:15 (opp. ἀτιμία). Oxymoron ὧν … ἡ δόξα ἐν τῇ αἰσχύνῃ αὐτῶν whose prestige is in their disgrace Phil 3:19. Of enhancement of divine prestige as an objective J 7:18; Lazarus’ illness redounds to God’s honor 11:4; Ro 15:7. Of divine approbation of pers. δ. τοῦ θεοῦ J 5:44b; 12:43b (cp. 1QH 17:15; 1QS 4:23); Ro 3:23; 5:2. Here also belong pass. w. the form δὸξα καὶ τιμή / τιμὴ καὶ δόξα (LXX; ins, e.g. OGI 223, 12; 244, 19f; 763, 37; Welles 42, 6; also PGM 4, 1616f δὸς δ. καὶ τιμὴν κ. χάριν; Just., D. 42, 1) Ro 2:7, 10; 1 Ti 1:17; Hb 2:7, 9 (Ps 8:6); cp. 3:3; 1 Pt 1:7; 2 Pt 1:17; Rv 4:9, 11; 5:12, 13; 21:26. Of pers. who bestow renown through their excellence: of Jesus Lk 2:32 (cp. Ro 9:4); of Paul’s epistolary recipients ὑμεῖς ἡ δ. ἡμῶν you bring us renown 1 Th 2:20 (cp. the Jewish ins in Lietzmann, 1d above: Loucilla brings renown to Sophronius).—Israel’s liturgy furnishes the pattern for the liturg. formula δ. θεῷ praise is (BWeiss; HHoltzmann; Harnack; Zahn; EKlostermann; ASchlatter; Rengstorf) or be (Weizsäcker; JWeiss; OHoltzmann) to God Lk 2:14. Cp. 19:38; Ro 11:36; 16:27; Gal 1:5; Eph 3:21; Phil 4:20; 2 Ti 4:18 (perh. Christ as referent); Hb 13:21; 1 Pt 4:11; 1 Cl 20:12; 50:7 al.; τιμὴ καὶ δ. 1 Ti 1:17 (s. also above as extra-biblical formulation, esp. OGI 223, 12; 244, 19f; 763, 37); cp. Jd 25 v.l.; Rv 5:13; 7:12. Doxologies to Christ 2 Pt 3:18; Rv 1:6; εἰς (τὴν) δ. (τοῦ) θεοῦ to the praise of God Ro 15:7; 1 Cor 10:31; 2 Cor 4:15; Phil 1:11; 2:11; cp. Ro 3:7. Also πρὸ δ. 2 Cor 1:20; πρὸ τὴν αὐτοῦ τοῦ κυρίου (Christ) δ. 8:19. Hence the expr. δ. διδόναι τῷ θεῷ praise God (Bar 2:17f; 1 Esdr 9:8; 4 Macc 1:12): in thanksgiving Lk 17:18; Rv 19:7; as a form of relig. devotion: Ac 12:23; Ro 4:20; Rv 4:9; 11:13; 14:7; 16:9; as an adjuration δὸς δ. τῷ θεῷ give God the praise by telling the truth J 9:24.—GBoobyer, ‘Thanksgiving’ and the ‘Glory of God’ in Paul, diss. Leipzig 1929; LChampion, Benedictions and Doxologies in the Epistles of Paul ’35; MPamment, The Meaning of δόξα in the Fourth Gospel: ZNW 74, ’83, 12–16, God’s glory is manifested through the gift of Jesus’ voluntary self-surrender on the cross.④ a transcendent being deserving of honor, majestic being, by metonymy (cp. Diod S 15, 58, 1 of citizens who stood out from among all others in ἐξουσίαι καὶ δόξαι=offices and honors) of angelic beings (s. Philo, Spec. Leg. 1, 45; PGM 1, 199) δόξαι majestic (heavenly) beings Jd 8; 2 Pt 2:10 (s. also Ex 15:11 LXX; TestJud 25:2 αἱ δυνάμεις τ. δόξης. Also the magical text in Rtzst., Poim. p. 28 [VI 17] χαιρέτωσάν σου αἱ δόξαι (practically = δυνάμει) εἰς αἰῶνα, κύριε). Cp. JSickenberger, Engelsoder Teufelslästerer? Festschrift zur Jahrhundertfeier d. Univers. Breslau 1911, 621ff. The mng. majesties and by metonymy illustrious persons is also prob.—On the whole word Rtzst., Mysterienrel.3 289; 314f; 344; 355ff; AvGall, D. Herrlichkeit Gottes 1900; IAbrahams, The Glory of God 1925.—AForster, The Mng. of Δόξα in the Greek Bible: ATR 12, 1929/1930, 311ff; EOwen, Δόξα and Cognate Words: JTS 33, ’32, 139–50; 265–79; CMohrmann, Note sur doxa: ADebrunner Festschr. ’54, 321–28; LBrockington, LXX Background to the NT Use of δ., Studies in the Gospels in memory of RLightfoot ’55, 1–8.—HBöhlig, D. Geisteskultur v. Tarsos 1913, 97ff; GWetter, D. Verherrlichung im Joh.-ev.: Beitr. z. Rel.-wiss. II 1915, 32–113, Phos 1915; RLloyd, The Word ‘Glory’ in the Fourth Gospel: ET 43, ’32, 546–48; BBotte, La gloire du Christ dans l’Evangile de S. Jean: Quest. liturgiques 12, 1927, 65ff; HPass, The Glory of the Father; a Study in St John 13–17, ’35; WThüsing, Die Erhöhung u. Verherrlichung Jesu im J, ’60.—GKittel, D. Rel. gesch. u. d. Urchristentum ’32, 82ff; JSchneider, Doxa ’32; HKittel, D. Herrlichkeit Gottes ’34; MGreindl, Κλεος, Κυδος, Ευχος, Τιμη, Φατις, Δοξα, diss. Munich ’38; AVermeulen, Semantic Development of Gloria in Early-Christian Latin ’56.—RAC IV 210–16; XI 196–225.—B. 1144f. DELG s.v. δοκάω etc. II p. 291. Schmidt, Syn. I 321–28, s. δοκέω. M-M. EDNT. TW. Spicq. Sv. -
78 εἰρήνη
εἰρήνη, ης, ἡ (s. εἰρηνεύω; Hom.+; εἰρ. and related terms are common in astr. texts, e.g. Cat. Cod. Astr. IX/2 p. 173, 21; 175, 10)① a state of concord, peace, harmonyⓐ between governments opp. πόλεμος IEph 13:2. ἐρωτᾷ τὰ πρὸς εἰρήνην asks for terms of peace Lk 14:32 (cp. TestJud 9:7 αἰτοῦσιν ἡμᾶς τὰ πρὸς εἰρήνην; Anna Comn., Alex. 8, 5 ed. R. II p. 12, 17 τὰ περὶ εἰρήνης ἐρωτῶντες.—It is also poss. to transl. inquires about his health like ἐρωτ. [τὰ] εἰς εἰρήνην=שָׁאַל לְשָׁלוֹם 2 Km 8:10; 11:7; s. HThackeray, JTS 14, 1913, 389–99; Helbing, Kasussyntax 40); ἐν εἰ. εἶναι (Aristot., Mirabilia 119, 842a 2) be in peace, out of danger Lk 11:21. λαμβάνειν τὴν εἰ. ἔκ τινος take peace away fr. someth.=plunge it into a state of war Rv 6:4.—Ac 24:2. Of those who are fighting αἰτεῖσθαι εἰ. ask for peace (Anonym. Alex.-gesch. [II B.C.]: 151 Fgm. 1, 5 Jac.) Ac 12:20.ⓑ harmony in personal relationships peace, harmony w. ὁμόνοια (Chrysipp.: Stoic. II 1076; Diod S 16, 60, 3; Dio Chrys. 21 [38], 14; 22 [39], 2; SIG 685, 13 [139 B.C.]; Jos., Ant. 4, 50) 1 Cl 60:4; 61:1; 63:2; w. πραΰτης 61:2; opp. ὀργή D 15:3; opp. μάχαιρα Mt 10:34, cp. Lk 12:51. συναλλάσσειν εἰς εἰ. pacify Ac 7:26; σύνδεσμος τῆς εἰ. Eph 4:3. βασιλεὺς εἰρήνης king of peace (as transl. of Salem; cp. Philo, Leg. All. 3, 79) Hb 7:2. Of the Christian community εἰ. ἔχειν have peace, rest (fr. persecution, as Ac 14:2 v.l.; for the phrase s. Diod S 11, 72, 1; cp. Jos., Bell. 2, 401) Ac 9:31; εἰ. βαθεῖα (Ath. 1, 3 [opp. διώκεσθαι]; s. βαθύς 3a) 1 Cl 2:2. ὁδὸς εἰρήνης the way of peace, that leads to peace Ro 3:17 (Ps 13:3; Is 59:8); Lk 1:79. μετʼ εἰρήνης peaceably (Diod S 3, 18, 7; Vi. Aesopi W 97 P. μετʼ εἰρήνης ζῆν; EpJer 2; 1 Esdr 5:2; 1 Macc 12:4, 52 al.; Jos., Ant. 1, 179; 8, 405) Hb 11:31; ποιεῖν εἰ. make peace (Hermocles [IV/III B.C.]: Anth. Lyr. II p. 250, 21 [p. 174, 21 Coll. Alex.=Athen. 6, 253e] πρῶτον μὲν εἰρήνην ποίησον, φίλτατε.—ἐπί τινα Iren. 4, 40, 1 [Harv. II 301, 9]) Ac 14:2 v.l.; Eph 2:15; οἱ ποιοῦντες εἰ. those who make peace Js 3:18. βούλεσθαι εἰ. (Pr 12:20) wish for peace 1 Cl 15:1. διώκειν strive toward peace (w. δικαιοσύνη, πίστις, ἀγάπη) 2 Ti 2:22; Gal 5:22; 1 Cl 22:5 (Ps 33:15). εἰ. διώκειν μετὰ πάντων strive to be at peace w. everyone Hb 12:14 (cp. Epict. 4, 5, 24 εἰ. ἄγεις πρὸς πάντας). τὰ τῆς εἰ. διώκειν strive after peace Ro 14:19; ζητεῖν εἰ. 1 Pt 3:11 (Ps 33:15); cp. 2 Cl 10:2. τὰ πρὸς εἰ. what makes for peace Lk 19:42. W. ἀσφάλεια 1 Th 5:3; w. ἀγάπη B 21:9; 1 Cl 62:2. ἀπέστη ἡ εἰ. peace has disappeared 1 Cl 3:4 (cp. δαίμονας … τὴν εἰ. ταράσσοντας Orig., C. Cels. 8, 73, 29). πρόσωπον εἰρήνης ἔχειν maintain a facade of peace Hv 3, 6, 3; εἰ. ἔχειν ἐν ἑαυτοῖς have peace within one’s group 3, 5, 1.ⓒ good order opp. ἀκαταστασία 1 Cor 14:33; cp. 7:15, and 1 Cl 20:1, 9ff.② a state of well-being, peaceⓐ corresp. to Hebr. שָׁלוֹם welfare, health (WCaspari, Vorstellung u. Wort ‘Friede’ im AT 1910, esp. p. 128ff) in a farewell greeting: ὑπάγειν ἐν εἰ. go in peace, approx. equiv. to ‘keep well’ Js 2:16; also πορεύεσθαι ἐν εἰ. (Judg 18:6 B; 2 Km 3:21) Ac 16:36; ὑπάγειν εἰς εἰρήνην Mk 5:34; πορεύεσθαι εἰς εἰ. (1 Km 1:17; 20:42; 29:7; Jdth 8:35) Lk 7:50; 8:48. προπέμπειν τινὰ ἐν εἰ. send someone on the way in peace 1 Cor 16:11 (cp. Vi. Aesopi I, 32 p. 297, 1 Eberh. ἐν εἰρήνῃ ἀπέστειλεν [αὐτόν]). ἐν εἰ. μετὰ χαρᾶς ἀναπέμψατε send back in peace w. joy 1 Cl 65:1. ἀπολύειν τινὰ μετὰ εἰρήνης send someone away w. a greeting of peace Ac 15:33 (cp. Gen 26:29; Jos., Ant. 1, 179). In the formula of greeting εἰ. ὑμῖν=שָׁלוֹם לָכֶם (cp. Judg 6:23; 19:20; Da 10:19 Theod.; Tob 12:17) Lk 24:36; J 20:19, 21, 26. εἰρήνη τῷ οἴκῳ τούτῳ peace to this house Lk 10:5; cp. vs. 6 (WKlassen, NTS 27, ’81, 488–506); Mt 10:12 v.l., 13 (on εἰ. ἐπί w. acc. cp. Is 9:7; Ps 84:9). In epistolary closure καὶ ἔστω μεθʼ ὑμῶν εἰρήνη peace be w. you AcPlCor 2:40.—A new and characteristic development is the combination of the Greek epistolary greeting χαίρειν with a Hebrew expression in the Pauline and post-Pauline letters χάρις καὶ εἰρήνη (s. χάρις 2c) Ro 1:7; 1 Cor 1:3; 2 Cor 1:2; Gal 1:3; Eph 1:2; Phil 1:2; Col 1:2; 1 Th 1:1; 2 Th 1:2; Tit 1:4; Phlm 3; Rv 1:4. (χάρις, ἔλεος, εἰρήνη) 1 Ti 1:2; 2 Ti 1:2; 2J 3. (χάρις καὶ εἰ.—or w. ἔλεος—πληθυνθείη, cp. Da 4:1; 4:37c LXX; 6:26 Theod.) 1 Pt 1:2; 2 Pt 1:2; Jd 2; 1 Cl ins; Pol ins; MPol ins; cp. Gal 6:16; Eph 6:23; 2 Th 3:16; 1 Pt 5:14; 3J 15; ISm 12:2; B 1:1 (χαίρετε ἐν εἰ.); to a degree, mng. 2b also is implied in this expr.ⓑ Since, acc. to the prophets, peace will be an essential characteristic of the messianic kgdm. (εἰ. as summum bonum: Seneca, Ep. 66, 5), Christian thought also freq. regards εἰ. as nearly synonymous w. messianic salvation εὐαγγελίζεσθαι εἰ. proclaim peace, i.e. messianic salvation (Is 52:7) Ac 10:36; Ro 10:15 v.l.; Eph 2:17; τὸ εὐαγγέλιον τῆς εἰ. 6:15. ἔχειν ἐν Χριστῷ εἰ. J 16:33; ἔχειν εἰ. πρὸς τὸν θεόν have peace w. God Ro 5:1 (on εἰ. πρός τινα cp. Pla., Rep. 5, 465b; X., Hiero 2, 11; Epict. 4, 5, 24; Jos., Ant. 8, 396). ἀφιέναι εἰ. leave peace τινί J 14:27a (cp. Orig., C. Cels. 8, 14, 20); same sense εἰ. διδόναι give or grant peace 14:27b; 2 Th 3:16b (so Is 26:12. Since Thu. 4, 19, 1; 21, 1 εἰ. διδόναι refers to granting of political peace). Hence εἰ. τοῦ Χριστοῦ the peace brought by Christ Col 3:15; εἰ. τοῦ θεοῦ Phil 4:7; ὁ θεὸς τῆς εἰ. (TestDan 5:2) Ro 15:33; 16:20; 2 Cor 13:11; Phil 4:9; 1 Th 5:23; Hb 13:20; ὁ κύριος τῆς εἰ. 2 Th 3:16a; αὐτός (i.e. ὁ Χριστός) ἐστιν ἡ εἰρήνη ἡμῶν Eph 2:14 (cp. POxy 41, 27, where an official is called εἰρήνη πόλεως; sim. ἐπὶ τῆς εἰρήνης PAchm 7, 8; 104.—FCoggan, ET 53, ’42, 242 [peace-offering]; but s. NSnaith, ibid. 325f). ἐπαναδράμωμεν ἐπὶ τὸν τῆς εἰ. σκοπόν let us run toward the goal of peace 1 Cl 19:2.—2 Pt 3:14; (w. ζωή) Ro 8:6; (w. δόξα and τιμή) 2:10; (w. δικαιοσύνη and χαρά.—W. χαρά En 5:9; Philo, Leg. All. 1, 45) 14:17; 15:13; (πίστις, φόβος, ὑπομονή, μακροθυμία) 1 Cl 64:1. παιδεία εἰηρήνης ἡμῶν ἐπʼ αὐτόν 16:5 (Is 53:5). In prayer εἰς ἀγαθὰ ἐν εἰ. 60:3. Also Lk 2:29 and the angelic greeting ἐπὶ γῆς εἰ. peace on earth 2:14 are prob. to be classed here; cp. 19:38.—On peace as a gift of God cp. Epict. 3, 13, 12 εἰρήνη ὑπὸ τοῦ θεοῦ κεκηρυγμένη διὰ τοῦ λόγου (=philosophy); Oenomaus in Eus., PE 5, 26, 5: it is the task of deities to establish and to promote εἰρήνη and φιλία; cp. the boasts of Isis in related terms, IAndrosIsis, Kyme.—HFuchs, Augustin u. d. antike Friedensgedanke 1926, 39–43; 167–223; WNestle, D. Friedensgedanke in d. antiken Welt: Philol. Suppl. 31, ’38; WvanLeeuwen, Eirene in het NT ’40; FBammel, Die Religionen der Welt und der Friede auf Erden ’57; on the word’s history, KBrugmann and BKeil, Εἰρήνη: Ber. d. Sächs. Ges. d. Wiss. 68, 1916 nos. 3 and 4; GKöstner, Εἰρήνη in d. Briefen des hl. Apostels, diss. Rome ’58; WEisenbeis, D. Wurzel שׁלם im AT, Beih. ZAW 113, ’69; RAC VIII 434–505 (lit.).—B. 1376. DELG. M-M. EDNT. TW. Spicq. Sv. -
79 глобальная инициатиа по всеохватывающим информационным и коммуникационным технологиям
- global initiative for inclusive information and communication technologies
- G3ICT
глобальная инициатиа по всеохватывающим информационным и коммуникационным технологиям
-
[ http://www.iks-media.ru/glossary/index.html?glossid=2400324]EN
global initiative for inclusive information and communication technologies
G3ICT
The purpose of this initiative is to simultaneously:
1. Promote ICT solutions for people with disabilities and related best policy practices among governments in the context of this new United Nations Convention and expanded Member States’ legislations and regulations.
2. Accelerate the development by industry and civil society of the scientific, industrial, standardization and economic conditions to make such solutions affordable worldwide.
[ http://www.iks-media.ru/glossary/index.html?glossid=2400324]Тематики
- электросвязь, основные понятия
EN
- global initiative for inclusive information and communication technologies
- G3ICT
Русско-английский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > глобальная инициатиа по всеохватывающим информационным и коммуникационным технологиям
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80 Международная федерация спортивной медицины
Международная федерация спортивной медицины
Международная организация, в состав которой входят национальные ассоциации спортивной медицины. Основной сферой деятельности Международной федерации спортивной медицины является содействие изучению и развитию спортивной медицины в различных странах мира и оказание помощи спортсменам в достижении ими оптимальных результатов посредством максимальной реализации их генетического потенциала, поддержания здоровья, обеспечения питанием и высококачественным медицинским обслуживанием. Федерация была основана в феврале 1928 г., во время Олимпийских зимних игр в Санкт-Морице (Швейцария) под первоначальным названием Международная ассоциация спортивной медицины.
[Департамент лингвистических услуг Оргкомитета «Сочи 2014». Глоссарий терминов]EN
International Federation of Sports Medicine (FIMS)
International organization comprising national sports medicine associations. FIMS aims primarily to promote the study and development of sports medicine throughout the world, and to assist athletes in achieving optimal performance by maximizing their genetic potential, health, nutrition, and high-quality medical care. It was founded at the Winter Olympics held in St Moritz, Switzerland in February 1928 under the name of the Association International Medico-Sportive.
[Департамент лингвистических услуг Оргкомитета «Сочи 2014». Глоссарий терминов]Тематики
EN
Русско-английский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > Международная федерация спортивной медицины
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