Перевод: со всех языков на английский

с английского на все языки

program+string

Толкование Перевод

1 строка программы

1) Computers: line of code

2) Engineering: code line (текста)

3) Information technology: (текста) code line, program line

4) Mechanics: program string

5) Automation: coding line

6) Robots: code (coding) line

Универсальный русско-английский словарь > строка программы
2 Reihe

f; -, -n

1. row, line; (Sitzreihe) row; wir saßen in der ersten Reihe we had seats in the first row; ( sich) in einer Reihe aufstellen line up, form a line; aus der Reihe tanzen umg., fig. be different, have one’s own way allg.; (Anstoß erregen) step out of line

2. (Anzahl, Folge) series (Sg.) sie hat eine Reihe von Büchern darüber geschrieben she’s written a series of books about it; eine ganze Reihe von a lot of, a whole string of umg.; nach einer Reihe von Jahren after a number of years; eine Reihe von Indizien a number of clues

3. (Aufeinanderfolge) row, succession; warten, bis man an die Reihe kommt oder an der Reihe ist wait (until it is) one’s turn; wer ist an der Reihe? whose turn is it?; ( immer) der Reihe nach in turn, by turns, one after the other; ich bin / er ist an der Reihe it’s my / his turn; Sie sind nicht an der Reihe you are out of turn; ich kam außer der Reihe dran beim Arzt etc.: they took me before (it was) my turn; erzähl der Reihe nach! tell it from the beginning, start at the beginning

4. (Zeitschriften-, Buchreihe etc.) series (Sg.) die Sendung / das Buch ist Teil einer Reihe the program(me) / book is part of a series

5. fig., in Wendungen: aus den Reihen der Abgeordneten etc.: from the ranks of, from among; einen Verräter in den eigenen Reihen haben have a traitor in one’s ranks; die Reihen lichten sich fig. the ranks are thinning; aus der Reihe kommen umg. get muddled; etw. auf die Reihe bringen umg. put ( oder set) s.th. right; etw. ( wieder) auf die Reihe kriegen umg. get s.th. sorted out

6. MATH. (Zahlenreihe) progression, series (Sg.)

* * *

die Reihe

(Anzahl) number;

(Aufreihung) line; row; file; string; sequence;

(Militäraufstellung) rank;

(Serie) series; set; range;

(Sitzreihe) tier

* * *
Rei|he ['raiə]
f -, -n

1) (= geregelte Anordnung) row, line; (= Sitzreihe, beim Stricken) row

in Réíhe(n) antreten — to line up; (Mil) to fall in

in Réíhen zu (je) drei antreten/marschieren — to line up/march in rows of three or in threes

sich in einer Réíhe aufstellen — to line up, to form a row or line

sich in die Réíhe stellen — to join the row or line

sich in eine Réíhe stellen — to line up; (Mil) to fall in

in einer Réíhe stehen — to stand in a row or line

in Reih und Glied antreten — to line up in formation

sie standen in Reih und Glied vor dem Lehrer — they stood lined up in front of their teacher

aus der Réíhe tanzen (fig inf) — to be different

die Réíhe herumgehen (Gegenstand) — to be passed around, to go the rounds

die Réíhen schließen (Mil) — to close ranks

die Réíhen lichten sich (fig) — the ranks are thinning

in den eigenen Réíhen — within our/their etc own ranks

die Réíhe eröffnen (fig) — to start off

in einer Réíhe mit jdm stehen (fig) — to be on a par with sb

sich in eine Réíhe mit jdm stellen (fig) — to put oneself on a par or on an equal footing with sb

in die erste Réíhe (vor)rücken (fig) — to move into the top rank

in der vordersten Réíhe stehen (fig) — to be in the topmost rank

2)

(= Reihenfolge) er ist an der Réíhe — it's his turn, he's next; (beim Spiel etc auch) it's his go

die Réíhe ist an jdm — it's sb's turn

er kommt an die Réíhe — he's next, it's his turn next, it's him next (inf)

warte, bis du an die Réíhe kommst — wait till it's your turn/go

er kommt immer außer der Réíhe — he always comes just when he pleases

der Réíhe nach, nach der Réíhe — in order, in turn

sie sollen der Réíhe nach hereinkommen — they are to come in one by one or one at a time

erzähl mal der Réíhe nach, wie alles war — tell us how it was in the order it all happened

außer der Réíhe — out of order; (bei Spielen auch) out of turn

wenn ich das Auto mal außer der Réíhe brauche — if I should happen to need the car at a time when I don't normally have it

es kommt ganz selten vor, dass ich mal außer der Réíhe da bin — it's very rare for me to be there out of my routine

3) (=Serie MATH, MUS) series sing; (BIOL = Ordnung) order

4) (= unbestimmte Anzahl) number

in die Réíhe der Mitgliedsstaaten eintreten — to join the ranks of the member states

in der Réíhe der Stars — amongst the ranks of the stars

eine ganze Réíhe (von) — a whole lot (of)

eine ganze Réíhe von Beispielen — a whole string of examples

5)

(inf: = Ordnung) jdn aus der Réíhe bringen — to muddle or confuse sb

wieder in die Réíhe kommen — to get one's equilibrium back; (gesundheitlich) to get back on form

nicht in der Réíhe sein — to be unwell (esp Brit), not to be one hundred per cent (Brit inf) or percent (US inf)

in die Réíhe bringen — to put in order, to put straight

nicht alle auf der Réíhe haben (sl) — to have a screw loose (inf)

etw auf die Réíhe kriegen (inf) — to handle sth

* * *

die

1) (a line of soldiers etc walking one behind the other.) file

2) (in computing, a collection of data stored eg on a disc.) file

3) (a collection of rows (of instruments etc): The modern pilot has banks of instruments.) bank

4) (a long series: a battery of questions.) battery

5) (a row or group of objects or persons arranged side by side or one behind the other: The children stood in a line; a line of trees.) line

6) (a row or series: a mountain range.) range

7) (a line or row (especially of soldiers or taxis): The officer ordered the front rank to fire.) rank

8) (a line: two rows of houses; They were sitting in a row; They sat in the front row in the theatre.) row

9) (a row of seats: They sat in the front/first tier.) tier

10) (a connected series: Then began a train of events which ended in disaster.) train

11) (one's chance or duty (to do, have etc something shared by several people): It's your turn to choose a record; You'll have to wait your turn in the bathroom.) turn

* * *

Rei·he

<-, -n>

[ˈraiə]

f

1. (Linie von Menschen) row, line; MIL, SCH file

in \Reihen antreten to line up; MIL, SCH to fall in

sich akk in [vier] \Reihen aufstellen to line up in [four] rows, to form [four] lines

in \Reihe zu [je] vier marschieren MIL to march in rows of four [or in fours]

aus der zweiten \Reihe schießen SPORT to take a long shot [at goal]

in einer \Reihe stehen to stand in a row [or line]

sich akk in die \Reihe stellen to join the row [or line]

sich akk in eine \Reihe mit jdm stellen (fig) to put oneself on a par [or an equal footing] with sb

in einer \Reihe mit jdm stehen (fig) to be on a par with sb

aus der \Reihe treten to step out of the line

2. kein pl (Reihenfolge) series

der \Reihe nach in order [or turn], one after the other

sie sollen der \Reihe nach hereinkommen they are to come in one by one [or one at a time]

berichten Sie bitte der \Reihe nach please report events in chronological order

erzählen Sie mal der \Reihe nach, wie das alles war tell us how it was in the order it all happened

die \Reihe ist an jdm it's sb's turn

an die \Reihe kommen to be next

sie kommt jetzt an die \Reihe she's next, it's her turn

jeder kommt an die \Reihe everyone will get a turn

warte, bis du an die \Reihe kommst wait till it's your turn

[mit etw dat] an der \Reihe sein to be next in line [for sth]

wer ist an der \Reihe? whose turn is it?

du bist an der \Reihe it's your turn

ich war jetzt an der \Reihe! I was next!

erst sind wir an der \Reihe! we're first!

ich bin erst morgen mit der Untersuchung an der \Reihe I am only due to be examined tomorrow

3. kein pl (unbestimmte Anzahl)

▪ eine \Reihe von Personen/Sachen a number of persons/things

eine \Reihe von zusätzlichen Informationen a lot of additional information

eine ganze \Reihe [von Personen/Sachen] a whole lot [of people/things]

eine ganze \Reihe von Beschwerden a whole string of complaints

eine ganze \Reihe von Fehlern a whole host of mistakes

4. meist pl (Gruppe von Menschen) ranks npl

die Flasche ging die \Reihen herum the bottle was passed around

aus/in den eigenen \Reihen from/within one's own ranks

die \Reihe eröffnen to start off

die \Reihen lichten sich the ranks are thinning

die \Reihen schließen to close ranks

5. (Sitzreihe, beim Stricken) row

6. ELEK, TECH

Geräte in \Reihe schalten ELEK, TECH to connect pieces of equipment in series

7. MATH, MUS series sing

arithmetische \Reihe arithmetic[al] series [or progression]

geometrische \Reihe geometric[al] series [or progression]

zufällige \Reihe random order

8. (im Schach) rank

9.

▶ außer der \Reihe out of [the usual] order; (bei Spielen a.) out of turn; (nicht wie gewöhnlich) out of the usual way of things

eine außer der \Reihe erfolgende Zahlung an unexpected payment

sie kommt immer außer der \Reihe she always comes just when she pleases

▶ etw in die \Reihe bringen to get sth straight

▶ aus der \Reihe kommen (in Unordnung geraten) to get out of order; (seelisch) to lose one's equilibrium; (körperlich) to fall ill

▶ wieder in die \Reihe kommen (seelisch) to get one's equilibrium back; (körperlich) to get back on form [or on one's feet]

▶ nicht in der \Reihe sein to not be well, to be feeling under par

▶ in Reih und Glied in rank and file

die Kinder standen in Reih und Glied vor dem Lehrer the children stood lined up in front of their teacher

in Reih und Glied antreten to line up in formation

▶ etw auf die \Reihe kriegen (fam: etw kapieren) to get sth into one's head; (in etw Ordnung bringen) to handle sth

▶ aus der \Reihe tanzen (fam) to step out of line

* * *

die; Reihe, Reihen

1) row

in Reihen (Dat.) antreten — line up; (Milit.) fall in

sich in fünf Reihen aufstellen — line up in five rows; form five lines

in Reih und Glied — (Milit.) in rank and file

aus der Reihe tanzen — (fig. ugs.) be different

etwas in die Reihe bringen — (fig. ugs.) put something straight or in order

2) o. Pl. (Reihenfolge) series

die Reihe ist an ihm/ihr — usw

er/sie usw. ist an der Reihe — it's his/her etc. turn

der Reihe nach, nach der Reihe — in turn; one after the other

3) (größere Anzahl) number

4) (Gruppe) ranks pl.

aus den eigenen Reihen — from one's/its own ranks

5) (Math., Musik) series

* * *

Reihe f; -, -n

1. row, line; (Sitzreihe) row;

wir saßen in der ersten Reihe we had seats in the first row;

(sich) in einer Reihe aufstellen line up, form a line;

aus der Reihe tanzen umg, fig be different, have one’s own way allg; (Anstoß erregen) step out of line

2. (Anzahl, Folge) series (sg)

sie hat eine Reihe von Büchern darüber geschrieben she’s written a series of books about it;

eine ganze Reihe von a lot of, a whole string of umg;

nach einer Reihe von Jahren after a number of years;

eine Reihe von Indizien a number of clues

3. (Aufeinanderfolge) row, succession;

warten, bis man an die Reihe kommt oder

an der Reihe ist wait (until it is) one’s turn;

wer ist an der Reihe? whose turn is it?;

(immer) der Reihe nach in turn, by turns, one after the other;

ich bin/er ist an der Reihe it’s my/his turn;

Sie sind nicht an der Reihe you are out of turn;

ich kam außer der Reihe dran beim Arzt etc: they took me before (it was) my turn;

erzähl der Reihe nach! tell it from the beginning, start at the beginning

4. (Zeitschriften-, Buchreihe etc) series (sg)

die Sendung/das Buch ist Teil einer Reihe the program(me)/book is part of a series

5. fig, in Wendungen:

aus den Reihen der Lehrer etc: from the ranks of, from among;

einen Verräter in den eigenen Reihen haben have a traitor in one’s ranks;

die Reihen lichten sich fig the ranks are thinning;

aus der Reihe kommen umg get muddled;

etwas auf die Reihe bringen umg put ( oder set) sth right;

etwas (wieder) auf die Reihe kriegen umg get sth sorted out

6. MATH (Zahlenreihe) progression, series (sg)

* * *

die; Reihe, Reihen

1) row

in Reihen (Dat.) antreten — line up; (Milit.) fall in

sich in fünf Reihen aufstellen — line up in five rows; form five lines

in Reih und Glied — (Milit.) in rank and file

aus der Reihe tanzen — (fig. ugs.) be different

etwas in die Reihe bringen — (fig. ugs.) put something straight or in order

2) o. Pl. (Reihenfolge) series

die Reihe ist an ihm/ihr — usw

er/sie usw. ist an der Reihe — it's his/her etc. turn

der Reihe nach, nach der Reihe — in turn; one after the other

3) (größere Anzahl) number

4) (Gruppe) ranks pl.

aus den eigenen Reihen — from one's/its own ranks

5) (Math., Musik) series

* * *

-n (Mathematik) f.

progression n.

series n. -n f.

array n.

bank n.

column n.

file n.

line n.

line-up n.

product range n.

rank n.

row n.

sequence n.

series n.

set n.

tandem n.

tier n.

Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > Reihe
3 Artificial Intelligence

   1) Programs and the Complexity of Human Mental Processes

   In my opinion, none of [these programs] does even remote justice to the complexity of human mental processes. Unlike men, "artificially intelligent" programs tend to be single minded, undistractable, and unemotional. (Neisser, 1967, p. 9)

   2) Artificial Intelligence Is an Engineering Discipline

   Future progress in [artificial intelligence] will depend on the development of both practical and theoretical knowledge.... As regards theoretical knowledge, some have sought a unified theory of artificial intelligence. My view is that artificial intelligence is (or soon will be) an engineering discipline since its primary goal is to build things. (Nilsson, 1971, pp. vii-viii)

   3) A Sceptical View of Artificial Intelligence

   Most workers in AI [artificial intelligence] research and in related fields confess to a pronounced feeling of disappointment in what has been achieved in the last 25 years. Workers entered the field around 1950, and even around 1960, with high hopes that are very far from being realized in 1972. In no part of the field have the discoveries made so far produced the major impact that was then promised.... In the meantime, claims and predictions regarding the potential results of AI research had been publicized which went even farther than the expectations of the majority of workers in the field, whose embarrassments have been added to by the lamentable failure of such inﬂated predictions....

   When able and respected scientists write in letters to the present author that AI, the major goal of computing science, represents "another step in the general process of evolution"; that possibilities in the 1980s include an all-purpose intelligence on a human-scale knowledge base; that awe-inspiring possibilities suggest themselves based on machine intelligence exceeding human intelligence by the year 2000 [one has the right to be skeptical]. (Lighthill, 1972, p. 17)

   4) Just as Astronomy Succeeded Astrology, the Discovery of Intellectual Processes in Machines Should Lead to a Science, Eventually

   Just as astronomy succeeded astrology, following Kepler's discovery of planetary regularities, the discoveries of these many principles in empirical explorations on intellectual processes in machines should lead to a science, eventually. (Minsky & Papert, 1973, p. 11)

   5) Problems in Machine Intelligence Arise Because Things Obvious to Any Person Are Not Represented in the Program

   Many problems arise in experiments on machine intelligence because things obvious to any person are not represented in any program. One can pull with a string, but one cannot push with one.... Simple facts like these caused serious problems when Charniak attempted to extend Bobrow's "Student" program to more realistic applications, and they have not been faced up to until now. (Minsky & Papert, 1973, p. 77)

   6) The Meaning of a Symbolic Description

   What do we mean by [a symbolic] "description"? We do not mean to suggest that our descriptions must be made of strings of ordinary language words (although they might be). The simplest kind of description is a structure in which some features of a situation are represented by single ("primitive") symbols, and relations between those features are represented by other symbols-or by other features of the way the description is put together. (Minsky & Papert, 1973, p. 11)

   7) The Principle of Artificial Intelligence

   [AI is] the use of computer programs and programming techniques to cast light on the principles of intelligence in general and human thought in particular. (Boden, 1977, p. 5)

   8) Artificial Intelligence Recognizes the Need for Knowledge in Its Systems

   The word you look for and hardly ever see in the early AI literature is the word knowledge. They didn't believe you have to know anything, you could always rework it all.... In fact 1967 is the turning point in my mind when there was enough feeling that the old ideas of general principles had to go.... I came up with an argument for what I called the primacy of expertise, and at the time I called the other guys the generalists. (Moses, quoted in McCorduck, 1979, pp. 228-229)

   9) Artificial Intelligence Is Psychology in a Particularly Pure and Abstract Form

   The basic idea of cognitive science is that intelligent beings are semantic engines-in other words, automatic formal systems with interpretations under which they consistently make sense. We can now see why this includes psychology and artificial intelligence on a more or less equal footing: people and intelligent computers (if and when there are any) turn out to be merely different manifestations of the same underlying phenomenon. Moreover, with universal hardware, any semantic engine can in principle be formally imitated by a computer if only the right program can be found. And that will guarantee semantic imitation as well, since (given the appropriate formal behavior) the semantics is "taking care of itself" anyway. Thus we also see why, from this perspective, artificial intelligence can be regarded as psychology in a particularly pure and abstract form. The same fundamental structures are under investigation, but in AI, all the relevant parameters are under direct experimental control (in the programming), without any messy physiology or ethics to get in the way. (Haugeland, 1981b, p. 31)

    10) There Are Many Types of Reasoning

   There are many different kinds of reasoning one might imagine:

    Formal reasoning involves the syntactic manipulation of data structures to deduce new ones following prespecified rules of inference. Mathematical logic is the archetypical formal representation. Procedural reasoning uses simulation to answer questions and solve problems. When we use a program to answer What is the sum of 3 and 4? it uses, or "runs," a procedural model of arithmetic. Reasoning by analogy seems to be a very natural mode of thought for humans but, so far, difficult to accomplish in AI programs. The idea is that when you ask the question Can robins ﬂy? the system might reason that "robins are like sparrows, and I know that sparrows can ﬂy, so robins probably can ﬂy."

    Generalization and abstraction are also natural reasoning process for humans that are difficult to pin down well enough to implement in a program. If one knows that Robins have wings, that Sparrows have wings, and that Blue jays have wings, eventually one will believe that All birds have wings. This capability may be at the core of most human learning, but it has not yet become a useful technique in AI.... Meta- level reasoning is demonstrated by the way one answers the question What is Paul Newman's telephone number? You might reason that "if I knew Paul Newman's number, I would know that I knew it, because it is a notable fact." This involves using "knowledge about what you know," in particular, about the extent of your knowledge and about the importance of certain facts. Recent research in psychology and AI indicates that meta-level reasoning may play a central role in human cognitive processing. (Barr & Feigenbaum, 1981, pp. 146-147)

    11) Programs Are Beginning to Do Things That Critics Have Asserted to Be Impossible

   Suffice it to say that programs already exist that can do things-or, at the very least, appear to be beginning to do things-which ill-informed critics have asserted a priori to be impossible. Examples include: perceiving in a holistic as opposed to an atomistic way; using language creatively; translating sensibly from one language to another by way of a language-neutral semantic representation; planning acts in a broad and sketchy fashion, the details being decided only in execution; distinguishing between different species of emotional reaction according to the psychological context of the subject. (Boden, 1981, p. 33)

    12) The Synthesis of Man and Machine

   Can the synthesis of Man and Machine ever be stable, or will the purely organic component become such a hindrance that it has to be discarded? If this eventually happens-and I have... good reasons for thinking that it must-we have nothing to regret and certainly nothing to fear. (Clarke, 1984, p. 243)

    13) The Thesis of Good Old-Fashioned Artificial Intelligence (GOFAI)

   The thesis of GOFAI... is not that the processes underlying intelligence can be described symbolically... but that they are symbolic. (Haugeland, 1985, p. 113)

    14) Artificial Intelligence Provides a Useful Approach to Psychological and Psychiatric Theory Formation

   It is all very well formulating psychological and psychiatric theories verbally but, when using natural language (even technical jargon), it is difficult to recognise when a theory is complete; oversights are all too easily made, gaps too readily left. This is a point which is generally recognised to be true and it is for precisely this reason that the behavioural sciences attempt to follow the natural sciences in using "classical" mathematics as a more rigorous descriptive language. However, it is an unfortunate fact that, with a few notable exceptions, there has been a marked lack of success in this application. It is my belief that a different approach-a different mathematics-is needed, and that AI provides just this approach. (Hand, quoted in Hand, 1985, pp. 6-7)

    15) Four Kinds of Artificial Intelligence

   We might distinguish among four kinds of AI.

   ♦ Nonpsychological AI

   Research of this kind involves building and programming computers to perform tasks which, to paraphrase Marvin Minsky, would require intelligence if they were done by us. Researchers in nonpsychological AI make no claims whatsoever about the psychological realism of their programs or the devices they build, that is, about whether or not computers perform tasks as humans do.

   ♦ Weak Psychological AI

   Research here is guided by the view that the computer is a useful tool in the study of mind. In particular, we can write computer programs or build devices that simulate alleged psychological processes in humans and then test our predictions about how the alleged processes work. We can weave these programs and devices together with other programs and devices that simulate different alleged mental processes and thereby test the degree to which the AI system as a whole simulates human mentality. According to weak psychological AI, working with computer models is a way of refining and testing hypotheses about processes that are allegedly realized in human minds.

   ♦ Strong Psychological AI

... According to this view, our minds are computers and therefore can be duplicated by other computers. Sherry Turkle writes that the "real ambition is of mythic proportions, making a general purpose intelligence, a mind." (Turkle, 1984, p. 240) The authors of a major text announce that "the ultimate goal of AI research is to build a person or, more humbly, an animal." (Charniak & McDermott, 1985, p. 7)

   ♦ Suprapsychological AI

   Research in this field, like strong psychological AI, takes seriously the functionalist view that mentality can be realized in many different types of physical devices. Suprapsychological AI, however, accuses strong psychological AI of being chauvinisticof being only interested in human intelligence! Suprapsychological AI claims to be interested in all the conceivable ways intelligence can be realized. (Flanagan, 1991, pp. 241-242)

    16) Determination of Relevance of Rules in Particular Contexts

   Even if the [rules] were stored in a context-free form the computer still couldn't use them. To do that the computer requires rules enabling it to draw on just those [ rules] which are relevant in each particular context. Determination of relevance will have to be based on further facts and rules, but the question will again arise as to which facts and rules are relevant for making each particular determination. One could always invoke further facts and rules to answer this question, but of course these must be only the relevant ones. And so it goes. It seems that AI workers will never be able to get started here unless they can settle the problem of relevance beforehand by cataloguing types of context and listing just those facts which are relevant in each. (Dreyfus & Dreyfus, 1986, p. 80)

    17) Form and Content Are Not Fundamentally Different

   Perhaps the single most important idea to artificial intelligence is that there is no fundamental difference between form and content, that meaning can be captured in a set of symbols such as a semantic net. (G. Johnson, 1986, p. 250)

    18) The Assumption That the Mind Is a Formal System

   Artificial intelligence is based on the assumption that the mind can be described as some kind of formal system manipulating symbols that stand for things in the world. Thus it doesn't matter what the brain is made of, or what it uses for tokens in the great game of thinking. Using an equivalent set of tokens and rules, we can do thinking with a digital computer, just as we can play chess using cups, salt and pepper shakers, knives, forks, and spoons. Using the right software, one system (the mind) can be mapped into the other (the computer). (G. Johnson, 1986, p. 250)

    19) A Statement of the Primary and Secondary Purposes of Artificial Intelligence

   The primary goal of Artificial Intelligence is to make machines smarter.

   The secondary goals of Artificial Intelligence are to understand what intelligence is (the Nobel laureate purpose) and to make machines more useful (the entrepreneurial purpose). (Winston, 1987, p. 1)

    20) Mathematical Logic Provides the Basis for Theory in AI

   The theoretical ideas of older branches of engineering are captured in the language of mathematics. We contend that mathematical logic provides the basis for theory in AI. Although many computer scientists already count logic as fundamental to computer science in general, we put forward an even stronger form of the logic-is-important argument....

   AI deals mainly with the problem of representing and using declarative (as opposed to procedural) knowledge. Declarative knowledge is the kind that is expressed as sentences, and AI needs a language in which to state these sentences. Because the languages in which this knowledge usually is originally captured (natural languages such as English) are not suitable for computer representations, some other language with the appropriate properties must be used. It turns out, we think, that the appropriate properties include at least those that have been uppermost in the minds of logicians in their development of logical languages such as the predicate calculus. Thus, we think that any language for expressing knowledge in AI systems must be at least as expressive as the first-order predicate calculus. (Genesereth & Nilsson, 1987, p. viii)

    21) Perceptual Structures Can Be Represented as Lists of Elementary Propositions

   In artificial intelligence studies, perceptual structures are represented as assemblages of description lists, the elementary components of which are propositions asserting that certain relations hold among elements. (Chase & Simon, 1988, p. 490)

    22) Definitions of Artificial Intelligence

   Artificial intelligence (AI) is sometimes defined as the study of how to build and/or program computers to enable them to do the sorts of things that minds can do. Some of these things are commonly regarded as requiring intelligence: offering a medical diagnosis and/or prescription, giving legal or scientific advice, proving theorems in logic or mathematics. Others are not, because they can be done by all normal adults irrespective of educational background (and sometimes by non-human animals too), and typically involve no conscious control: seeing things in sunlight and shadows, finding a path through cluttered terrain, fitting pegs into holes, speaking one's own native tongue, and using one's common sense. Because it covers AI research dealing with both these classes of mental capacity, this definition is preferable to one describing AI as making computers do "things that would require intelligence if done by people." However, it presupposes that computers could do what minds can do, that they might really diagnose, advise, infer, and understand. One could avoid this problematic assumption (and also side-step questions about whether computers do things in the same way as we do) by defining AI instead as "the development of computers whose observable performance has features which in humans we would attribute to mental processes." This bland characterization would be acceptable to some AI workers, especially amongst those focusing on the production of technological tools for commercial purposes. But many others would favour a more controversial definition, seeing AI as the science of intelligence in general-or, more accurately, as the intellectual core of cognitive science. As such, its goal is to provide a systematic theory that can explain (and perhaps enable us to replicate) both the general categories of intentionality and the diverse psychological capacities grounded in them. (Boden, 1990b, pp. 1-2)

    23) The Computer Can Not Be a Model of the Mind

   Because the ability to store data somewhat corresponds to what we call memory in human beings, and because the ability to follow logical procedures somewhat corresponds to what we call reasoning in human beings, many members of the cult have concluded that what computers do somewhat corresponds to what we call thinking. It is no great difficulty to persuade the general public of that conclusion since computers process data very fast in small spaces well below the level of visibility; they do not look like other machines when they are at work. They seem to be running along as smoothly and silently as the brain does when it remembers and reasons and thinks. On the other hand, those who design and build computers know exactly how the machines are working down in the hidden depths of their semiconductors. Computers can be taken apart, scrutinized, and put back together. Their activities can be tracked, analyzed, measured, and thus clearly understood-which is far from possible with the brain. This gives rise to the tempting assumption on the part of the builders and designers that computers can tell us something about brains, indeed, that the computer can serve as a model of the mind, which then comes to be seen as some manner of information processing machine, and possibly not as good at the job as the machine. (Roszak, 1994, pp. xiv-xv)

    24) Computers Will Not Always Be Inferior to Human Brains

   The inner workings of the human mind are far more intricate than the most complicated systems of modern technology. Researchers in the field of artificial intelligence have been attempting to develop programs that will enable computers to display intelligent behavior. Although this field has been an active one for more than thirty-five years and has had many notable successes, AI researchers still do not know how to create a program that matches human intelligence. No existing program can recall facts, solve problems, reason, learn, and process language with human facility. This lack of success has occurred not because computers are inferior to human brains but rather because we do not yet know in sufficient detail how intelligence is organized in the brain. (Anderson, 1995, p. 2)

Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Artificial Intelligence
4 integrar

v.

1 to integrate (gen) & (Mat).

2 to make up.

* * *

integrar

► verbo transitivo

1 (formar) to make up

■ ¿qué países integran las Naciones Unidas? which countries make up the United Nations?

2 (ayudar a la integración) to integrate, fit in

■ es un grupo difícil de integrar en nuestra sociedad it's a group which is to integrate into our society

► verbo pronominal integrarse

1 to integrate

\

FRASEOLOGÍA

integrarse en un país to become integrated into a country

* * *

verb

to integrate

* * *

1. VT

1) (=componer) to make up

la exposición la integran 150 fotografías — the exhibition is made up of 150 photographs

una enciclopedia integrada por 12 volúmenes — an encyclopaedia consisting of 12 volumes

2) (=incorporar) [+ funciones, servicios] to incorporate, include

este programa integra diversas funciones — this program incorporates o includes various functions

han integrado bien los muebles en el resto de la decoración — they have integrated o incorporated the furniture very well into the rest of the decor

integrar a algn en algo — to integrate sb into sth

un programa para integrar a los presos en el mercado laboral — a programme to integrate prisoners into the labour market

quieren integrar a su club en la federación deportiva — they want their club to become a member of o join the sports federation

3) (Mat) to integrate

4) (Econ) (=reembolsar) to repay, reimburse; Cono Sur (=pagar) to pay up

2.

See:

integrarse

* * *
1.
verbo transitivo

1) ( formar) <grupo/organización> to make up

los países que integran la organización — the countries which make up the organization

2) ( incorporar) <idea/plan> to incorporate

3) (Mat, Sociol) to integrate

para integrar al niño en el grupo — to integrate the child into the group

4) (CS) <suma/cantidad> to pay
2.
integrarse v pron

a) ( asimilarse) to integrate, fit in

integrarse a or en algo — to integrate into something, fit into something

b) ( unirse)

integrarse a or en algo — to join something

integrarse a la CE — to join the EC

* * *

= absorb, encompass, integrate, mainstream, fit together, interweave, mesh, plug into, bring + Nombre + into the matter, populate, embed [imbed, -USA].

Ex. For the majority, however, IT was regarded as simply another topic to absorb into syllabuses.

Ex. The classification schemes that have been considered so far are general bibliographic classification schemes in that they attempt to encompass all of knowledge.

Ex. The acquisitions system integrates data from the Online Union Catalogue with local order and fund data, thus improving order processing and providing current accounting information.

Ex. This article describes the philosophy of some of the practical techniques used to achieve the goal of mainstreaming CD-ROMs into the library collection.

Ex. The narrative may be unfamiliar in its structure so that they are unsure about the way different elements of the story fit together.

Ex. Information services should also be interwoven with the social fabric and firmly rooted in a commuity in order to be acceptable.

Ex. Meshing together the many means of communication remains the central task of libraries and this task continues to require financial support = La tarea central de las bibliotecas sigue siendo la de combinar los númerosos medios de comunicación, algo que continúa necesitando apoyo económico.

Ex. In addition, when the heuristic approach is plugged into this interchange, the many additional facets of human personality and experience transform the exchange.

Ex. This article explains how the epistolatory aspect of the books was exploited by the librarian in encouraging interest in the stories and how the children's craft work was brought into the matter (making rag dolls of the characters).

Ex. One way librarians can add value is by carefully selecting, evaluating, and describing the resources that populate their Internet collections.

Ex. String searching is a technique for locating a string of characters, even if it is embedded within a larger term.

----

* integrar en = merge into, lump + Nombre + into.

* integrar formando un todo = articulate.

* integrarse con = interface to/with, become + one with.

* integrarse en = blend into, blend in with.

* integrarse en el paisaje = blend into + the landscape.

* integrarse en la sociedad = integrate into + society.

* poderse integrar en = be integrable in.

* * *
1.
verbo transitivo

1) ( formar) <grupo/organización> to make up

los países que integran la organización — the countries which make up the organization

2) ( incorporar) <idea/plan> to incorporate

3) (Mat, Sociol) to integrate

para integrar al niño en el grupo — to integrate the child into the group

4) (CS) <suma/cantidad> to pay
2.
integrarse v pron

a) ( asimilarse) to integrate, fit in

integrarse a or en algo — to integrate into something, fit into something

b) ( unirse)

integrarse a or en algo — to join something

integrarse a la CE — to join the EC

* * *

= absorb, encompass, integrate, mainstream, fit together, interweave, mesh, plug into, bring + Nombre + into the matter, populate, embed [imbed, -USA].

Ex: For the majority, however, IT was regarded as simply another topic to absorb into syllabuses.

Ex: The classification schemes that have been considered so far are general bibliographic classification schemes in that they attempt to encompass all of knowledge.

Ex: The acquisitions system integrates data from the Online Union Catalogue with local order and fund data, thus improving order processing and providing current accounting information.

Ex: This article describes the philosophy of some of the practical techniques used to achieve the goal of mainstreaming CD-ROMs into the library collection.

Ex: The narrative may be unfamiliar in its structure so that they are unsure about the way different elements of the story fit together.

Ex: Information services should also be interwoven with the social fabric and firmly rooted in a commuity in order to be acceptable.

Ex: Meshing together the many means of communication remains the central task of libraries and this task continues to require financial support = La tarea central de las bibliotecas sigue siendo la de combinar los númerosos medios de comunicación, algo que continúa necesitando apoyo económico.

Ex: In addition, when the heuristic approach is plugged into this interchange, the many additional facets of human personality and experience transform the exchange.

Ex: This article explains how the epistolatory aspect of the books was exploited by the librarian in encouraging interest in the stories and how the children's craft work was brought into the matter (making rag dolls of the characters).

Ex: One way librarians can add value is by carefully selecting, evaluating, and describing the resources that populate their Internet collections.

Ex: String searching is a technique for locating a string of characters, even if it is embedded within a larger term.

* integrar en = merge into, lump + Nombre + into.

* integrar formando un todo = articulate.

* integrarse con = interface to/with, become + one with.

* integrarse en = blend into, blend in with.

* integrarse en el paisaje = blend into + the landscape.

* integrarse en la sociedad = integrate into + society.

* poderse integrar en = be integrable in.

* * *

integrar [A1 ]

vt

A (formar) ‹grupo/organización› to make up

integran el jurado actores y directores the jury is made up of o composed of actors and directors

la comisión está integrada por representantes de ambos países the commission is made up of o comprises representatives from both countries

los países que integran la organización the countries which make up o form the organization

B (incorporar) integrar algo/a algn A or EN algo:

ha conseguido integrar todos estos elementos en la película she has managed to incorporate all these elements into the movie

estos dos bancos se han integrado al grupo Tecribe these two banks have been incorporated into o have become part of the Tecribe group

una empresa integrada en el grupo Oriol a company which forms part of the Oriol group

para integrar al niño en el grupo to integrate the child into the group

C ( Mat) to integrate

D (CS) ‹suma/cantidad› to pay

■ integrarse

v pron

1 (asimilarse) to integrate, fit in integrarse A or EN algo to integrate INTO sth, fit INTO sth

le fue difícil integrarse a or en esa sociedad he found it difficult to integrate into that society o fit into that society

se va a integrar muy rápido al or en el equipo he'll fit into the team very quickly

2 (unirse) integrarse A or EN algo to join sth

cuando España se integró a la Comunidad Europea when Spain joined the European Community

* * *

integrar ( conjugate integrar) verbo transitivo
1 ( formar) ‹grupo/organización› to make up
2 ( incorporar) ‹idea/plan› to incorporate
3 (Mat, Sociol) to integrate
4 (CS) ‹suma/cantidad› to pay
integrarse verbo pronominal
a) ( asimilarse) to integrate, fit in;

integrarse a or en algo to integrate into sth, fit into sth
b) ( unirse) integrarse a or en algo to join sth

integrar vtr (componer, formar parte de) to compose, make up: cinco científicos y un filósofo integran la expedición, the expedition consists of five scientists and one philosopher
' integrar' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
incorporar
English:
integrate

* * *

integrar

♦ vt

1. [incluir] to integrate;

han integrado un chip en el motor the motor has a chip built into it;

integra fax y fotocopiadora en un solo aparato it combines a fax and a photocopier in one machine;

su objetivo es integrar a los inmigrantes en la comunidad their aim is to integrate immigrants into the community

2. [componer] to make up;

integran la comisión expertos en el tema the committee is made up of o composed of experts on the subject;

una banda integrada por siete asaltantes robó el banco a gang of seven robbed the bank

3. Mat to integrate

4. CSur [pagar] to pay

♦ See also the pronominal verb integrarse

* * *

integrar

v/t integrate; equipo make up

* * *

integrar vt

: to make up, to compose

♦ See also the reflexive verb integrarse

Spanish-English dictionary > integrar
5 двухколонная конструкция скважины

1) Oil: double casing string well program

2) Oilfield: double (casing) string well program

Универсальный русско-английский словарь > двухколонная конструкция скважины
6 одноколонная конструкция скважины

1) Oil: single casing string well program

2) Oilfield: single (casing) string well program

Универсальный русско-английский словарь > одноколонная конструкция скважины
7 escribir

v.

to write.

hace mucho que no me escribe she hasn't written to me for a long time

todavía no ha aprendido a escribir he still hasn't learned (how) to write

escribir a lápiz to write in pencil

escribir a mano to write by hand

escribir a máquina to type

* * *

escribir

(pp escrito,-a)

► verbo transitivo

1 (gen) to write

■ escribe novelas en sus ratos libres he writes novels in his spare time

2 (deletrear) to spell, write

■ ni siquiera sabe escribir su nombre he can't even write his name

► verbo intransitivo

1 to write

► verbo pronominal escribirse

1 (deletrear) to spell, be spelt

■ ¿cómo se escribe? how do you spell it?

2 (uso recíproco) to write to each other

■ se escriben cada quince días they write to each other every fortnight

\

FRASEOLOGÍA

escribir a mano to write in longhand, write by hand

escribir a máquina to type

* * *

verb

to write

- escribir a máquina

* * *
( pp escrito)
1. VT VI

1) [+ palabra, texto] to write

escribir a mano — to write in longhand

escribir a máquina — to type

el que esto escribe — [gen] the present writer; (Prensa) this correspondent

2) [en ortografía] to spell

"voy" se escribe con "v" — "voy" is spelled with a "v"

¿cómo se escribe eso? — how is that spelled?, how do you spell that?

3) [+ cheque] to write out, make out

4) [+ música] to compose, write

2.

See:

escribirse

* * *
1.
verbo transitivo

1)

a) ( anotar) to write

escríbelo antes de que se te olvide — write it down before you forget it

escríbelo con lápiz — write it in pencil

b) ( ser autor de) <libro/canción/carta> to write

2) (pas) ( deletrear)

no sé cómo se escribe — I don't know how you spell it

se escribe sin acento — it's written without an accent
2.
escribir vi to write

escribir a máquina — to type

nunca le escribe — she never writes him (AmE) o (BrE) writes to him
3.
escribirse v pron (recípr)

nos escribimos — we write to each other

me escribo con ella — we write to each other

se escribe con un peruano — she has a Peruvian penfriend o penpal

* * *

= put down, set down, spell, tap out, transcribe, type, write, write down, write up, pen, put + pen to paper, set + pen to paper, register in, drop + a line, script, take down.

Ex. Any individual might engage in different information managament activities aimed at putting down new information through writing, glossing, assembling or extracting, and so forth.

Ex. Set the components down as an ordered string of symbols, according to the filing value of the role operator.

Ex. For instance: rhyme is still RIME; gypsy is spelled G-I-P -- most of us are instructed to spell it 'g-y-p'.

Ex. When the user is building a trail, he names it, inserts the name in his code book, and taps it out on his keyboard.

Ex. With a limited number of exceptions the title proper is transcribed exactly as to order, wording and spelling.

Ex. To start Bibliofile just type 'bib' at the DOS prompt as shown below, then press < Enter>.

Ex. A paraphrase is an interpretation of the concepts featured in a document, written in the language of the writer of the paraphrase.

Ex. On other occasions, where the search must be specified with a number of interacting concepts and other parameters, it will be necessary to write the concepts down.

Ex. Statistical research into ILL is valuable but can cause problems unless written up well for a more general audience.

Ex. His career in composition produced some of the most idiomatic and popular short violin pieces ever penned.

Ex. Some writers of fiction write because they cannot do otherwise they have an almost uncontrollable urge to put pen to paper or finger to keyboard.

Ex. Once pen was set to paper, the graphic record superseded the need to retain large amounts of information within human memory.

Ex. Authors must register in their own name and not a pseudonym or maiden name under which the book may be written.

Ex. The article 'E-mail: turn on, tune in, drop a line...' gives a brief outline of the commands used on the electronic mail system Data-Mail.

Ex. The program was designed and scripted using the Apple Macintosh computer with HyperCard software.

Ex. All technical processes that take place before, during and directly after the flight are taken down automatically by the flight recorder in the cockpit.

----

* arte de escribir = penmanship.

* arte y técnica de escribir obras de teatro = playwriting.

* brazo de silla para escribir = writing board arm.

* capacidad de saber leer y escribir = literacy skills.

* en el momento de escribir estas líneas = at the time of writing.

* escribir a mano = handletter.

* escribir a máquina = type.

* escribir como negro = ghost, ghosting.

* escribir con sentido = write + sense.

* escribir con tiza = chalk.

* escribir en coautoría = co-author [coauthor].

* escribir en colaboración = co-write [cowrite].

* escribir mal = misspell.

* escribir mucho sobre Algo = a lot + be written about, much + be written about.

* escribir rápidamente = dash off.

* escribir un artículo = write + a paper, write + piece.

* escribir un trabajo = write + essay.

* forma de escribir = writing style.

* máquina de escribir = typewriter.

* máquina de escribir de margarita = daisy-wheel typewriter.

* máquina de escribir de pelota de golf = golf-ball typewriter.

* máquina de escribir eléctrica = electric typewriter, electronic typewriter.

* papel de escribir = writing paper.

* para escribir con mayúsculas = in a shifted position.

* posicionado para escribir con mayúsculas = unshifted.

* saber leer y escribir = be literate.

* sala de escribir = scriptorium [scriptoria, -pl.].

* sobreescribir = type over.

* tecla para escribir en mayúsculas = SHIFT key.

* volver a escribir = retype [re-type], rewrite [re-write].

* * *
1.
verbo transitivo

1)

a) ( anotar) to write

escríbelo antes de que se te olvide — write it down before you forget it

escríbelo con lápiz — write it in pencil

b) ( ser autor de) <libro/canción/carta> to write

2) (pas) ( deletrear)

no sé cómo se escribe — I don't know how you spell it

se escribe sin acento — it's written without an accent
2.
escribir vi to write

escribir a máquina — to type

nunca le escribe — she never writes him (AmE) o (BrE) writes to him
3.
escribirse v pron (recípr)

nos escribimos — we write to each other

me escribo con ella — we write to each other

se escribe con un peruano — she has a Peruvian penfriend o penpal

* * *

= put down, set down, spell, tap out, transcribe, type, write, write down, write up, pen, put + pen to paper, set + pen to paper, register in, drop + a line, script, take down.

Ex: Any individual might engage in different information managament activities aimed at putting down new information through writing, glossing, assembling or extracting, and so forth.

Ex: Set the components down as an ordered string of symbols, according to the filing value of the role operator.

Ex: For instance: rhyme is still RIME; gypsy is spelled G-I-P -- most of us are instructed to spell it 'g-y-p'.

Ex: When the user is building a trail, he names it, inserts the name in his code book, and taps it out on his keyboard.

Ex: With a limited number of exceptions the title proper is transcribed exactly as to order, wording and spelling.

Ex: To start Bibliofile just type 'bib' at the DOS prompt as shown below, then press < Enter>.

Ex: A paraphrase is an interpretation of the concepts featured in a document, written in the language of the writer of the paraphrase.

Ex: On other occasions, where the search must be specified with a number of interacting concepts and other parameters, it will be necessary to write the concepts down.

Ex: Statistical research into ILL is valuable but can cause problems unless written up well for a more general audience.

Ex: His career in composition produced some of the most idiomatic and popular short violin pieces ever penned.

Ex: Some writers of fiction write because they cannot do otherwise they have an almost uncontrollable urge to put pen to paper or finger to keyboard.

Ex: Once pen was set to paper, the graphic record superseded the need to retain large amounts of information within human memory.

Ex: Authors must register in their own name and not a pseudonym or maiden name under which the book may be written.

Ex: The article 'E-mail: turn on, tune in, drop a line...' gives a brief outline of the commands used on the electronic mail system Data-Mail.

Ex: The program was designed and scripted using the Apple Macintosh computer with HyperCard software.

Ex: All technical processes that take place before, during and directly after the flight are taken down automatically by the flight recorder in the cockpit.

* arte de escribir = penmanship.

* arte y técnica de escribir obras de teatro = playwriting.

* brazo de silla para escribir = writing board arm.

* capacidad de saber leer y escribir = literacy skills.

* en el momento de escribir estas líneas = at the time of writing.

* escribir a mano = handletter.

* escribir a máquina = type.

* escribir como negro = ghost, ghosting.

* escribir con sentido = write + sense.

* escribir con tiza = chalk.

* escribir en coautoría = co-author [coauthor].

* escribir en colaboración = co-write [cowrite].

* escribir mal = misspell.

* escribir mucho sobre Algo = a lot + be written about, much + be written about.

* escribir rápidamente = dash off.

* escribir un artículo = write + a paper, write + piece.

* escribir un trabajo = write + essay.

* forma de escribir = writing style.

* máquina de escribir = typewriter.

* máquina de escribir de margarita = daisy-wheel typewriter.

* máquina de escribir de pelota de golf = golf-ball typewriter.

* máquina de escribir eléctrica = electric typewriter, electronic typewriter.

* papel de escribir = writing paper.

* para escribir con mayúsculas = in a shifted position.

* posicionado para escribir con mayúsculas = unshifted.

* saber leer y escribir = be literate.

* sala de escribir = scriptorium [scriptoria, -pl.].

* sobreescribir = type over.

* tecla para escribir en mayúsculas = SHIFT key.

* volver a escribir = retype [re-type], rewrite [re-write].

* * *

escribir [ I34 ]

vt

A

1 (anotar) to write

escribe el resultado aquí write the answer here

escríbelo antes de que se te olvide write it down before you forget it

lo escribió con tiza en la puerta she chalked it on the door

había algunos comentarios escritos con lápiz en el margen somebody had penciled in some comments o had written some comments in pencil in the margin

escribe esta frase cien veces write this sentence out one hundred times

2 (ser autor de) ‹libro/canción/carta› to write

esta victoria escribe una nueva página de nuestra historia with this victory a new chapter has been written in our history

3 (Inf) ‹programa› to write

B ( pas)

(deletrear): se escribe como se pronuncia it's written o spelled as it's pronounced

no sé cómo se escribe su apellido I don't know how you spell his surname

estas palabras se escriben sin acento these words are written without an accent, these words don't have an accent

■ escribir

vi

to write

no sabe leer ni escribir she can't read or write

escribir a máquina to type

mi hermano nunca me escribe my brother never writes me ( AmE) o ( BrE) writes to me

■ escribirse

v pron

( recípr):

nos escribimos desde hace años we've been writing to each other o we've been corresponding for years

escribirse CON algn:

me escribo con ella we write to each other

se escribe con un peruano she has a Peruvian penfriend o penpal

* * *

escribir ( conjugate escribir) verbo transitivo
1
a) ( anotar) to write;

◊ escríbelo aquí write it down here

b) ( ser autor de) ‹libro/canción/carta› to write

2 ( ortográficamente) to write;
◊ la escribió sin acento she wrote it without an accent;

no sé cómo se escribe I don't know how you spell it;
se escribe sin acento it's written without an accent
verbo intransitivo
to write;
◊ nunca le escribe she never writes him (AmE) o (BrE) writes to him;

escribir a máquina to type
escribirse verbo pronominal ( recípr): me escribo con ella we write to each other;
se escribe con un peruano she has a Peruvian penfriend o penpal
escribir verbo transitivo to write
(a máquina, en el ordenador) to type

' escribir' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
absoluta
- absoluto
- anotar
- apuntar
- carro
- cinta
- de
- decidirse
- don
- escritura
- gustar
- letra
- máquina
- margarita
- número
- pluma
- tabulador
- teclado
- teclear
- velocidad
- acentuar
- comer
- dictado
- dorso
- garabatear
- maquinilla
- plumilla
- poner
- rodillo
- tinta
English:
antiquated
- chalk
- contribute
- daisywheel
- formality
- inspiration
- intend
- keep
- literate
- make out
- neatly
- paint in
- pen
- print
- put
- quill pen
- spell
- toss off
- type
- typewriter
- waffle
- write
- write in
- write out
- writing
- can
- dash
- get
- loss
- review
- rewrite
- skill
- state
- stencil
- whichever
- writer

* * *

escribir

♦ vt

1. [carta, novela, canción] to write;

le escribí una carta I wrote him a letter, I wrote a letter to him;

escribió unas notas a lápiz she wrote some notes in pencil;

escriba las instrucciones en un papel write the instructions on a piece of paper;

se ha escrito mucho sobre este tema much has been written on this subject;

ha escrito una página brillante en la historia del ciclismo he has added a glorious page to cycling history

2. [a persona, institución] to write;

hace mucho que no me escribe she hasn't written to me for a long time;

nos han escrito muchos oyentes protestando many listeners have written in complaining;

¡escríbenos cuando llegues! write to us when you get there!;

escribir a casa to write home

♦ vi

to write;

todavía no ha aprendido a escribir he still hasn't learnt (how) to write;

escribe muy mal y no se le entiende nada he has terrible handwriting and you can't understand a word of it;

escribir a lápiz to write in pencil;

escribir a mano to write by hand;

escribir a máquina to type;

¡no te olvides de escribir! don't forget to write!

♦ See also the pronominal verb escribirse

* * *

escribir

<part escrito>

I v/t

1 write;

escribir a mano hand-write, write by hand;

escribir a máquina type

2 ( deletrear) spell

II v/i write

* * *

escribir {33} v

1) : to write

2) : to spell

♦ See also the reflexive verb escribirse

* * *

escribir vb

1. (en general) to write [pt. wrote; pp. written]

te escribiré una carta desde Londres I'll write you a letter from London

nos escribimos todas las semanas we write to each other every week

2. (deletrear) to spell [pt. & pp. spelt]

¿sabes escribirlo? can you spell it?

¿cómo se escribe? how do you spell it?

3. (pintar) to work / to write [pt. wrote; pp. written]

este boli no escribe this pen doesn't work

escribir a máquina to type

Spanish-English dictionary > escribir
8 двухколонная конструкция скважины
1. double casing string well program
двухколонная конструкция скважины
—
[ http://slovarionline.ru/anglo_russkiy_slovar_neftegazovoy_promyishlennosti/]

Тематики
- нефтегазовая промышленность
EN
- double casing string well program
Русско-английский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > двухколонная конструкция скважины
9 одноколонная конструкция скважины
1. single casing string well program
одноколонная конструкция скважины
—
[ http://slovarionline.ru/anglo_russkiy_slovar_neftegazovoy_promyishlennosti/]

Тематики
- нефтегазовая промышленность
EN
- single casing string well program
Русско-английский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > одноколонная конструкция скважины
10 трёхколонная конструкция скважины
1. three-string well program
трёхколонная конструкция скважины
—
[ http://slovarionline.ru/anglo_russkiy_slovar_neftegazovoy_promyishlennosti/]

Тематики
- нефтегазовая промышленность
EN
- three-string well program
Русско-английский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > трёхколонная конструкция скважины
11 amplio

adj.

1 ample, extensive, broad, roomy.

2 ample, generous, broad, free-handed.

3 wide, diverse, varied.

4 liberal-minded, liberal, tolerant, all-round.

5 spacious, capacious.

6 free-ranging.

* * *

amplio

► adjetivo

1 (extenso) large

■ amplia mayoría large majority

2 (espacioso) roomy, spacious

3 (ancho) wide, broad

4 (holgado) loose

\

FRASEOLOGÍA

en el sentido más amplio de la palabra in the broadest sense of the word

* * *

(f. - amplia)

adj.

ample, wide, spacious

* * *

ADJ

1) (=espacioso) [habitación, interior] spacious; [avenida, calle] wide

el terremoto afectó a una amplia zona del sur — the earthquake affected a wide area in the south

compró una amplia extensión de terreno — he bought a vast tract o stretch of land

2) [ropa] loose(-fitting), roomy *; [falda] full

3) [margen] wide

un amplio margen a ambos lados — a wide margin on each side

los socialistas ganaron las elecciones por amplia mayoría — the socialists won the election with a large majority

4) [conocimiento, vocabulario, poder, gama] wide, extensive

un amplio surtido de productos — a wide o extensive range of products

5) [sentido] broad

en el sentido amplio de la expresión — in the broad sense of the term

6) [repercusión] far-reaching

la noticia tuvo amplia difusión o amplio eco en la prensa — the news was widely o extensively reported

su novela tuvo amplia resonancia entre los intelectuales — his novel had great influence among the intellectuals

7) [informe] full, detailed

* * *

- plia adjetivo

a) <calle/valle/margen> wide; < casa> spacious; <vestido/abrigo> loose-fitting

con una amplia sonrisa — with a broad smile

b) <criterio/sentido> broad

por amplia mayoría — by a large majority

una amplia gama de colores — a wide range of colors

el tema tuvo una amplia difusión — the issue received wide media coverage

c) <garantías/programa> comprehensive

* * *

= vast [vaster -comp., vastest -sup.], extensive, large [larger -comp., largest -sup.], wide-sweeping, widespread, broad [broader -comp., broadest -sup.], airy [airier -comp., airiest -sup.], ample, capacious, widespan, wide-reaching, expansive, extended, wide [wider -comp., widest -sup.], wide-angle(d), loose fit, roomy [roomier -comp., roomiest -sup.].

Ex. If you add to this other access points, such as collections housed in old people's homes or day centres, prisons, hospitals, youth clubs, playgroups etc the coverage is vast.

Ex. The minutely detailed classification is of the type appropriate to an extensive collection.

Ex. Serial searching for a string of characters is usually performed on a small subset of a large file.

Ex. Surely these innovations already have and will continue to bring deep and wide-sweeping change to our profession - and because of their rapidity, these changes will be sudden and often tumultuous.

Ex. Comment published so far is favourable, but the code still awaits widespread adoption.

Ex. In 'upper town' streets are broad, quiet, and tree-shaded; the homes are tall and heavy and look like battleships, each anchored in its private sea of grass.

Ex. In the questionnaire young people answered that the bookshops in their town were airy, well-lit and very pleasant shops to visit.

Ex. The broad tree-lined streets with large Victorian homes surrounded by ample greenery on what were once the outskirts of town -- the gracious and expansive habitations of the wealthy mill and factory owners -- gradually yield to a miscellany of recent bungalows, modest cottages, and modern apartment buildings.

Ex. This is an efficient method of storing large amounts of programs and data, which is faster, more reliable and much more capacious than the floppy disc.

Ex. With no other type of structure is it possible to obtain clear, widespan coverage of almost unlimited areas, translucency to permit uniform daylight, and transportability or relocatability.

Ex. Appraisal is the single most important function performed by an archivist because it has wide-reaching and everlasting social implications.

Ex. The broad tree-lined streets with large Victorian homes surrounded by ample greenery on what were once the outskirts of town -- the gracious and expansive habitations of the wealthy mill and factory owners -- gradually yield to a miscellany of recent bungalows, modest cottages, and modern apartment buildings.

Ex. The brief abstracts and extended abstracts of papers, not published in full in the proceedings, are excluded.

Ex. Located in an isolated section of the Southwest, Los Pasos sits under the brassy sun on a wide plain below a low range of hills.

Ex. Except for the principal no one besides the librarian has such a wide-angle view of the school's instructional programme.

Ex. His offices and warehouses were one of the first designs which was subsequently described as loose fit, low energy building.

Ex. With roomy interiors and flexible seating, minivans are some of the most versatile vehicles for carrying passengers and cargo.

----

* cada vez más amplio = ever-widening.

* demasiado amplio = overwide [over-wide].

* desde un punto de vista más amplio = in a broader sense.

* en el sentido más amplio = in the broadest sense, in the widest sense.

* en su sentido más amplio = in its/their broadest sense, in its/their widest sense.

* en un sentido más amplio = in a broader sense, in a larger sense.

* horario de apertura más amplio = extended hours.

* una amplia gama de = a wide variety of, a wide range of, a broad variety of, a broad range of.

* una amplia variedad de = a broad variety of, a wide range of, a broad range of.

* WAN (red de área amplia) = WAN (wide area network).

* * *

- plia adjetivo

a) <calle/valle/margen> wide; < casa> spacious; <vestido/abrigo> loose-fitting

con una amplia sonrisa — with a broad smile

b) <criterio/sentido> broad

por amplia mayoría — by a large majority

una amplia gama de colores — a wide range of colors

el tema tuvo una amplia difusión — the issue received wide media coverage

c) <garantías/programa> comprehensive

* * *

= vast [vaster -comp., vastest -sup.], extensive, large [larger -comp., largest -sup.], wide-sweeping, widespread, broad [broader -comp., broadest -sup.], airy [airier -comp., airiest -sup.], ample, capacious, widespan, wide-reaching, expansive, extended, wide [wider -comp., widest -sup.], wide-angle(d), loose fit, roomy [roomier -comp., roomiest -sup.].

Ex: If you add to this other access points, such as collections housed in old people's homes or day centres, prisons, hospitals, youth clubs, playgroups etc the coverage is vast.

Ex: The minutely detailed classification is of the type appropriate to an extensive collection.

Ex: Serial searching for a string of characters is usually performed on a small subset of a large file.

Ex: Surely these innovations already have and will continue to bring deep and wide-sweeping change to our profession - and because of their rapidity, these changes will be sudden and often tumultuous.

Ex: Comment published so far is favourable, but the code still awaits widespread adoption.

Ex: In 'upper town' streets are broad, quiet, and tree-shaded; the homes are tall and heavy and look like battleships, each anchored in its private sea of grass.

Ex: In the questionnaire young people answered that the bookshops in their town were airy, well-lit and very pleasant shops to visit.

Ex: The broad tree-lined streets with large Victorian homes surrounded by ample greenery on what were once the outskirts of town -- the gracious and expansive habitations of the wealthy mill and factory owners -- gradually yield to a miscellany of recent bungalows, modest cottages, and modern apartment buildings.

Ex: This is an efficient method of storing large amounts of programs and data, which is faster, more reliable and much more capacious than the floppy disc.

Ex: With no other type of structure is it possible to obtain clear, widespan coverage of almost unlimited areas, translucency to permit uniform daylight, and transportability or relocatability.

Ex: Appraisal is the single most important function performed by an archivist because it has wide-reaching and everlasting social implications.

Ex: The broad tree-lined streets with large Victorian homes surrounded by ample greenery on what were once the outskirts of town -- the gracious and expansive habitations of the wealthy mill and factory owners -- gradually yield to a miscellany of recent bungalows, modest cottages, and modern apartment buildings.

Ex: The brief abstracts and extended abstracts of papers, not published in full in the proceedings, are excluded.

Ex: Located in an isolated section of the Southwest, Los Pasos sits under the brassy sun on a wide plain below a low range of hills.

Ex: Except for the principal no one besides the librarian has such a wide-angle view of the school's instructional programme.

Ex: His offices and warehouses were one of the first designs which was subsequently described as loose fit, low energy building.

Ex: With roomy interiors and flexible seating, minivans are some of the most versatile vehicles for carrying passengers and cargo.

* cada vez más amplio = ever-widening.

* demasiado amplio = overwide [over-wide].

* desde un punto de vista más amplio = in a broader sense.

* en el sentido más amplio = in the broadest sense, in the widest sense.

* en su sentido más amplio = in its/their broadest sense, in its/their widest sense.

* en un sentido más amplio = in a broader sense, in a larger sense.

* horario de apertura más amplio = extended hours.

* una amplia gama de = a wide variety of, a wide range of, a broad variety of, a broad range of.

* una amplia variedad de = a broad variety of, a wide range of, a broad range of.

* WAN (red de área amplia) = WAN (wide area network).

* * *

amplio - plia

adjective

1 ‹calle› wide; ‹valle› wide, broad; ‹casa› spacious; ‹vestido/abrigo› loose-fitting; ‹falda/manga› full

con una amplia sonrisa with a broad smile

2 ‹criterio› broad; ‹margen› wide

en el sentido amplio de la palabra in the broad sense of the word

por amplia mayoría by a large majority

tiene amplias facultades para decidir sobre este punto he has full authority to make a decision on this point

una amplia gama de colores a wide range of colors

les ofrecemos las más amplias garantías we offer comprehensive guarantees o the fullest possible guarantees

un tema que tuvo una amplia difusión an issue that received wide media coverage

un amplio programa de reformas a full o wide-ranging o comprehensive program of reforms

* * *

Del verbo ampliar: ( conjugate ampliar)

amplío es:

1ª persona singular (yo) presente indicativo

amplió es:

3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) pretérito indicativo

Multiple Entries:
ampliar
amplio
ampliar ( conjugate ampliar) verbo transitivo
a) ‹local/carretera› to extend;

‹ negocio› to expand
b) ‹capital/personal› to increase

c) ‹conocimientos/vocabulario› to increase;

‹ explicación› to expand (on);
‹ campo de acción› to widen, broaden;
◊ para amplio sus estudios to further her studies

d) ‹plazo/período› to extend

e) ‹ fotografía› to enlarge, blow up

amplio
◊ - plia adjetivo

a) ‹calle/valle/margen› wide;

‹ casa› spacious;
‹vestido/abrigo› loose-fitting;
‹ sonrisa› broad
b) ‹criterio/sentido› broad;

◊ por amplia mayoría by a large majority;

una amplia gama de colores a wide range of colors
c) ‹garantías/programa› comprehensive

ampliar verbo transitivo
1 (hacer más largo un plazo) to extend
2 (hacer más grande un edificio) to enlarge
3 (extender un negocio) to expand
4 (una fotografía) to enlarge, to blow up
5 (el campo de acción) to widen: los sindicatos proponen ampliar las sanciones a los defraudadores, the unions propose greater penalties for those committing fraud
amplio,-a adjetivo
1 large, roomy
2 (ancho, profundo, variado) wide, broad ➣ Ver nota en ancho
' amplio' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
amplia
- ancha
- ancho
- dilatada
- dilatado
- espectro
- nave
English:
ample
- extensive
- large
- roomy
- spacious
- sweep
- vocabulary
- wide
- all
- broad
- comfortable
- smock
- sweeping

* * *

amplio, -a adj

1. [grande] [sala, maletero] roomy, spacious;
[avenida] wide;
una amplio sonrisa a broad smile

2. [ropa] loose

3. [extenso] [explicación, cobertura] comprehensive;
[ventaja, capacidad] considerable;
en el sentido más amplio de la palabra in the broadest sense of the word;

ganaron por una amplia mayoría they won with a large majority;

hubo un amplio consenso there was a broad consensus;

ofrecen una amplia gama de servicios they offer a wide range of services;

gozan de una amplia aceptación they enjoy widespread approval;

tiene una amplia experiencia she has wide-ranging experience

4. [abierto]
una persona de amplias miras o [m5] amplia de miras a broad-minded person

* * *

amplio

adj casa spacious; gama, margen wide; falda full

* * *

amplio, - plia adj

: broad, wide, ample

♦ ampliamente adj

* * *

amplio adj

1. (gama, margen) wide

una amplia gama de productos a wide range of productos

un público muy amplio a very wide audience

2. (valor, cantidad) large

los laboristas ganaron por amplia mayoría Labour won by a large majority

3. (espacioso) spacious

una vivienda amplia a spacious house

4. (ropa) baggy [comp. baggier; superl. baggiest] / loose

una camisa amplia a loose shirt

Spanish-English dictionary > amplio
12 controlar

v.

1 to control.

Pedro controla su vida al fin Peter controls his life at last.

María controla a sus hijos con lástima Mary controls her kids through pity.

2 to check.

3 to watch, to keep an eye on.

4 to take over, to control.

María controla los negocios Mary takes over business.

* * *

controlar

► verbo transitivo

1 (gen) to control

2 (comprobar) to check

► verbo pronominal controlarse

1 (moderarse) to control oneself

* * *

verb

1) to control

2) monitor

* * *

1. VT

1) (=dominar) [+ situación, emoción, balón, vehículo, inflación] to control

los rebeldes controlan ya todo el país — the rebels now control the whole country, the rebels are now in control of the whole country

mis padres quieren controlarme la vida — my parents want to control my life

no pudo controlar el impulso de pegarle — he couldn't control the urge to hit him

medidas para controlar la calidad — quality-control measures

los bomberos consiguieron controlar el fuego — the firefighters managed to bring the fire under control

no controlo muy bien ese tema — * I'm not very hot on that subject *

2) (=vigilar)

inspectores para controlar el proceso electoral — observers to monitor the electoral process

deberías controlar tu peso — you should watch your weight

contrólame al niño mientras yo estoy fuera — * can you keep an eye on the child while I'm out

estoy encargado de controlar que todo salga bien — I'm responsible for checking o seeing that everything goes well

controla que no hierva el café — * make sure the coffee doesn't boil, see that the coffee doesn't boil

3) (=regular) to control

este termostato controla la temperatura — this thermostat controls the temperature

2.

VI *

he bebido tanto que ya no controlo — I've drunk so much I can't see straight *

3.

See:

controlarse

* * *
1.
verbo transitivo

1) ( dominar) <nervios/impulsos/persona> to control

controlamos la situación — we are in control of the situation

el incendio fue rápidamente controlado — the fire was quickly brought under control

pasaron a controlar la empresa — they took control of the company

2) ( vigilar) <inflación/proceso> to monitor

controlar el peso/la línea — to watch one's weight/one's waistline

deja de controlar todos mis gastos — stop checking up on how much I spend

me tienen muy controlada — they keep a close watch on me

controlar las entradas y salidas — to keep a check on everyone who comes in or out

controlé el tiempo que me llevó — I timed how long it took me

3) ( regular) <presión/inflación> to control
2.
controlarse v pron

1) ( dominarse) to control oneself

si no se controla acabará alcoholizado — if he doesn't get a grip on himself he's going to become an alcoholic

2) ( vigilar) <peso/colesterol> to check, monitor

* * *

= control, get + command of, govern, keep + a rein on, keep within + bounds, monitor, regulate, peg, police, master, command, scourge, keep down + Nombre, stem + the tide of, bring under + control, hold in + line, gain + control (over/of), get + a grip on, hold + the reins of, corral, check up on, keep + tabs on, wield + control, hold + sway (over), wiretap [wire-tap], hold + the line, keep + a tight hold on, take + control of, stay on top of, stay in + control, rein in, hold + Nombre + in.

Ex. These fields control the access to the main record and are all fixed length fields.

Ex. The great storyteller, FC Sayers, having advised the beginner to 'steep himself in folklore until the elemental themes are part of himself,' explains how best to get command of a tale.

Ex. It is not sufficient merely to describe the processes that govern the creation and generation of indexing and abstracting data.

Ex. Cases keep discussion grounded on certain persistent facts that must be faced, and keep a realistic rein on airy flights of academic speculation.

Ex. Costs can be kept within reasonable bounds if a method appropriate to the specific application is chosen.

Ex. Ideally it should be possible to include some form of student assessment or to monitor the student's progress.

Ex. Built into each operator are sets of instructions to the computer which regulate where the term must appear in the printed entries generated from the string, typefaces, and necessary punctuation.

Ex. After a couple of months, I had his overall behavior pretty well pegged.

Ex. For many centuries local authorities have been responsible for policing Weights and Measures Acts and regulations and, where a breach of legislation was uncovered, would prosecute in the criminal court.

Ex. The library director strove to master his frustration.

Ex. Very few engravers commanded the necessary artistry.

Ex. The reference librarian must always resist an impulse to be glib; he must scourge and throttle his vanity; he must reach a conclusion rather than begin with it.

Ex. Activities such as gardening or cookery are dealt with in many books in ways which go far beyond the simple keeping down of weeds or just filling empty stomachs.

Ex. This article discusses some strategies that are being developed to stem the tide of losses caused worldwide by piracy.

Ex. But the unions were able to add their weight to the authority of the parliamentary investigators in bringing the worst excesses of unregulated apprenticeship and of working conditions under control = No obstante, los sindicatos pudieron reforzar la autoridad de los investigadores parlamentarios para controlar los peores excesos que se cometían en el aprendizaje de un oficio y las condiciones laborales sin regularizar.

Ex. The library staff consists of 6 professional librarians and 11 clerical workers, all of whom are held firmly in line by the forceful personality of the director, a retired military colonel.

Ex. Gradually many of these conquerors came to realize that, although military might was necessary to gain control over an area, sheer force of arms was not sufficient to govern effectively.

Ex. The article ' Getting a grip on change' argues that only by confronting the challenges and inevitability of change can libraries retain their relevancy in the information age.

Ex. This trend may also be explained by the hegemony of those who hold the reins of international publication.

Ex. The article is entitled 'Microfilm retrieval system corrals paper flood for Ameritech publishing'.

Ex. The physical effort of keeping tabs on people as well as the distasteful practice of checking up on staff output achieves nothing and may do considerable damage.

Ex. The physical effort of keeping tabs on people as well as the distasteful practice of checking up on staff output achieves nothing and may do considerable damage.

Ex. Influence and control is currently wielded by sterile professionals who are blind to the need to develop services beyond print.

Ex. This ideology appealed widely to the librarian as well as the library user and held sway for nearly a quarter of a millennium when, in 1841, a catalytic event in the history of cataloging took place.

Ex. The implementation of this system would enable law enforcement agencies to wiretap all digital communication.

Ex. The standpatters argue, and the progressives agree, that the tax line must be held in the interest of attracting industry = Los conservadores proponen y los progresistas están de acuerdo en que se deben contener los impuestos para atraer a la industria.

Ex. A study of telly-addicts has found that in 45 per cent of homes mums keep a tight hold on the remote control.

Ex. Five years after they took control of war-ravaged Afghanistan, reconstruction remains a job half done.

Ex. Adapting to change -- and staying on top of the changes -- is a huge key to success in industry.

Ex. This section of the book is all about how to stay in control of your personal information.

Ex. If librarians hope to rein in escalating periodical prices, they must become more assertive consumers.

Ex. The longer a fart is held in, the larger the proportion of inert nitrogen it contains, because the other gases tend to be absorbed into the bloodstream through the walls of the intestine.

----

* controlar aún más = tighten + Posesivo + grip on.

* controlar el presupuesto = control + the purse strings.

* controlar la economía = control + the purse strings.

* controlar las finanzas = control + the purse strings.

* controlar la situación = tame + the beast.

* controlar los gastos = control + costs, contain + costs.

* controlarlo todo = have + a finger in every pie.

* controlarse = command + Reflexivo, pace.

* * *
1.
verbo transitivo

1) ( dominar) <nervios/impulsos/persona> to control

controlamos la situación — we are in control of the situation

el incendio fue rápidamente controlado — the fire was quickly brought under control

pasaron a controlar la empresa — they took control of the company

2) ( vigilar) <inflación/proceso> to monitor

controlar el peso/la línea — to watch one's weight/one's waistline

deja de controlar todos mis gastos — stop checking up on how much I spend

me tienen muy controlada — they keep a close watch on me

controlar las entradas y salidas — to keep a check on everyone who comes in or out

controlé el tiempo que me llevó — I timed how long it took me

3) ( regular) <presión/inflación> to control
2.
controlarse v pron

1) ( dominarse) to control oneself

si no se controla acabará alcoholizado — if he doesn't get a grip on himself he's going to become an alcoholic

2) ( vigilar) <peso/colesterol> to check, monitor

* * *

= control, get + command of, govern, keep + a rein on, keep within + bounds, monitor, regulate, peg, police, master, command, scourge, keep down + Nombre, stem + the tide of, bring under + control, hold in + line, gain + control (over/of), get + a grip on, hold + the reins of, corral, check up on, keep + tabs on, wield + control, hold + sway (over), wiretap [wire-tap], hold + the line, keep + a tight hold on, take + control of, stay on top of, stay in + control, rein in, hold + Nombre + in.

Ex: These fields control the access to the main record and are all fixed length fields.

Ex: The great storyteller, FC Sayers, having advised the beginner to 'steep himself in folklore until the elemental themes are part of himself,' explains how best to get command of a tale.

Ex: It is not sufficient merely to describe the processes that govern the creation and generation of indexing and abstracting data.

Ex: Cases keep discussion grounded on certain persistent facts that must be faced, and keep a realistic rein on airy flights of academic speculation.

Ex: Costs can be kept within reasonable bounds if a method appropriate to the specific application is chosen.

Ex: Ideally it should be possible to include some form of student assessment or to monitor the student's progress.

Ex: Built into each operator are sets of instructions to the computer which regulate where the term must appear in the printed entries generated from the string, typefaces, and necessary punctuation.

Ex: After a couple of months, I had his overall behavior pretty well pegged.

Ex: For many centuries local authorities have been responsible for policing Weights and Measures Acts and regulations and, where a breach of legislation was uncovered, would prosecute in the criminal court.

Ex: The library director strove to master his frustration.

Ex: Very few engravers commanded the necessary artistry.

Ex: The reference librarian must always resist an impulse to be glib; he must scourge and throttle his vanity; he must reach a conclusion rather than begin with it.

Ex: Activities such as gardening or cookery are dealt with in many books in ways which go far beyond the simple keeping down of weeds or just filling empty stomachs.

Ex: This article discusses some strategies that are being developed to stem the tide of losses caused worldwide by piracy.

Ex: But the unions were able to add their weight to the authority of the parliamentary investigators in bringing the worst excesses of unregulated apprenticeship and of working conditions under control = No obstante, los sindicatos pudieron reforzar la autoridad de los investigadores parlamentarios para controlar los peores excesos que se cometían en el aprendizaje de un oficio y las condiciones laborales sin regularizar.

Ex: The library staff consists of 6 professional librarians and 11 clerical workers, all of whom are held firmly in line by the forceful personality of the director, a retired military colonel.

Ex: Gradually many of these conquerors came to realize that, although military might was necessary to gain control over an area, sheer force of arms was not sufficient to govern effectively.

Ex: The article ' Getting a grip on change' argues that only by confronting the challenges and inevitability of change can libraries retain their relevancy in the information age.

Ex: This trend may also be explained by the hegemony of those who hold the reins of international publication.

Ex: The article is entitled 'Microfilm retrieval system corrals paper flood for Ameritech publishing'.

Ex: The physical effort of keeping tabs on people as well as the distasteful practice of checking up on staff output achieves nothing and may do considerable damage.

Ex: The physical effort of keeping tabs on people as well as the distasteful practice of checking up on staff output achieves nothing and may do considerable damage.

Ex: Influence and control is currently wielded by sterile professionals who are blind to the need to develop services beyond print.

Ex: This ideology appealed widely to the librarian as well as the library user and held sway for nearly a quarter of a millennium when, in 1841, a catalytic event in the history of cataloging took place.

Ex: The implementation of this system would enable law enforcement agencies to wiretap all digital communication.

Ex: The standpatters argue, and the progressives agree, that the tax line must be held in the interest of attracting industry = Los conservadores proponen y los progresistas están de acuerdo en que se deben contener los impuestos para atraer a la industria.

Ex: A study of telly-addicts has found that in 45 per cent of homes mums keep a tight hold on the remote control.

Ex: Five years after they took control of war-ravaged Afghanistan, reconstruction remains a job half done.

Ex: Adapting to change -- and staying on top of the changes -- is a huge key to success in industry.

Ex: This section of the book is all about how to stay in control of your personal information.

Ex: If librarians hope to rein in escalating periodical prices, they must become more assertive consumers.

Ex: The longer a fart is held in, the larger the proportion of inert nitrogen it contains, because the other gases tend to be absorbed into the bloodstream through the walls of the intestine.

* controlar aún más = tighten + Posesivo + grip on.

* controlar el presupuesto = control + the purse strings.

* controlar la economía = control + the purse strings.

* controlar las finanzas = control + the purse strings.

* controlar la situación = tame + the beast.

* controlar los gastos = control + costs, contain + costs.

* controlarlo todo = have + a finger in every pie.

* controlarse = command + Reflexivo, pace.

* * *

controlar [A1 ]

vt

A (dominar)

1 ‹nervios/impulsos/emociones› to control; ‹persona/animal› to control

controlamos la situación we are in control of the situation, we have the situation under control

el incendio fue rápidamente controlado por los bomberos the firemen quickly got o brought the fire under control

controlan ahora toda la zona they now control o they are now in control of the whole area

pasaron a controlar la empresa they took control of the company

2 ( fam); ‹tema› to know about

estos temas no los controlo I don't know anything about these things, I'm not too well up on o hot on these things ( colloq)

B

(vigilar): tiene que controlar su peso he has to watch o check o ( frml) monitor his weight

deja de controlar todos mis gastos stop checking up on how much I spend the whole time

me tienen muy controlada they keep a close watch o they keep tabs on everything I do, they keep me on a very tight rein

el portero controlaba las entradas y salidas the porter kept a check on everyone who came in or out

controlé el tiempo que me llevó I timed myself o how long it took me

C (regular) to control

este mecanismo controla la presión this mechanism regulates o controls the pressure

medidas para controlar la inflación measures to control inflation o to bring inflation under control

D ( Dep) (en doping) to administer a test to

fue controlado positivo tras su victoria he tested positive after his victory

lo controlaron negativo he was tested negative

■ controlarse

v pron

A (dominarse) to control oneself

si no se controla acabará alcoholizado if he doesn't get a grip o a hold on himself he's going to become an alcoholic

B (vigilar) ‹peso/colesterol› to check, watch, monitor ( frml)

se controla el peso regularmente she checks her weight regularly, she keeps a regular check on her weight

* * *

Multiple Entries:
controlar
controlar algo
controlar ( conjugate controlar) verbo transitivo
1 ‹nervios/impulsos/persona› to control;
‹ incendio› to bring … under control;
◊ controlamos la situación we are in control of the situation;

pasaron a controlar la empresa they took control of the company
2 ‹inflación/proceso› to monitor;
‹ persona› to keep a check on;
◊ controlar el peso/la línea to watch one's weight/one's waistline;

controlé el tiempo que me llevó I timed how long it took me
3 ( regular) ‹presión/inflación› to control
controlarse verbo pronominal ( dominarse) to control oneself;
( vigilar) ‹peso/colesterol› to check, monitor
controlar verbo transitivo
1 to control
2 (comprobar) to check
' controlar' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
dominar
- fraude
- manejar
- potingue
- sujetar
- contener
English:
control
- grip
- hold down
- manage
- monitor
- regiment
- spot-check
- stamp out
- check
- discipline
- help
- unruly

* * *

controlar

♦ vt

1. [dominar] to control;

controlar la situación to be in control of the situation;

la empresa controla el 30 por ciento del mercado the company controls 30 percent of the market;

los bomberos todavía no han conseguido controlar el incendio firefighters have still not managed to bring the fire under control;

medidas para controlar los precios measures to control prices

2. [comprobar, verificar] to check;

controla el nivel del aceite check the oil level;

controlan continuamente su tensión arterial they are continuously monitoring his blood pressure

3. [vigilar] to watch, to keep an eye on;

la policía controla todos sus movimientos the police watch his every move;

nos controlan la hora de llegada they keep a check on when we arrive;

controla que no se cuele nadie see o make sure that no one Br jumps the queue o US cuts in line

♦ vi
Fam [saber] to know;
Rosa controla un montón de química Rosa knows loads about chemistry

♦ See also the pronominal verb controlarse

* * *

controlar

v/t

1 control

2 ( vigilar) check

* * *

controlar vt

1) : to control

2) : to monitor, to check

* * *

controlar vb

1. (dominar) to control [pt. & pp. controlled]

controló la situación he controlled the situation

2. (comprobar) to check

un programa que controla los errores de ortografía a program that checks spelling mistakes

Spanish-English dictionary > controlar
13 трёхколонная конструкция скважины

Oil: three-string well program

Универсальный русско-английский словарь > трёхколонная конструкция скважины
14 Katastrophenhilfe

Katastrophenhilfe
disaster relief;
• Katastrophenhilfsprogramm disaster relief program(me);
• Katastrophenmanagement emergency management;
• Katastrophenrisiko fundamental (catastrophe) risk;
• Katastrophenrücklage (Versicherung) castrophe reserve (surplus);
• Katastrophenrückversicherung catastrophe reinsurance;
• Katastrophenschaden catastrophic loss;
• Katastrophenschutz civil protection, disaster prevention council;
• Katastrophenserie string (run) of disaster;
• Katastrophenwagnis catastrophe hazard (risk).

Business german-english dictionary > Katastrophenhilfe
15 powtarzać

impf ⇒ powtórzyć
* * *

-am, -asz, powtórzyć; perf; vt

to repeat; TV, RADIO to repeat, to rebroadcast; (materiał, lekcje) to revise (BRIT), to review (US)

czy mógłbyś powtórzyć? — could you say that again?

powtarzać za kimś lub po kimś — to echo sb's words

powtarzaj(cie) za mną! — repeat after me!

* * *

powtarzać

ipf.

1. (= robić powtórnie) repeat; (program, wyścig) rerun; ( oblany egzamin) retake, resit; (rozgrywkę, mecz, fragment, sekwencję) replay; (eksperyment, badanie) replicate, duplicate; (obietnicę, groźbę) restate; ( plotki) retail; powtórzyć trygonometrię/gramatykę revise trigonometry/grammar; powtarzać klasę/rok repeat a class/year; powtarzać w kółko cuckoo, harp on one string.

2. ( przekazywać) repeat, retell; nie powtarzaj tego nikomu don't repeat it to anyone.

powtarzać się

ipf.

1. (= być powtarzanym) recur.

2. (= mówić ciągle to samo) repeat o.s.

The New English-Polish, Polish-English Kościuszko foundation dictionary > powtarzać
16 двухколонная конструкция скважины

double casing string well program

Русско-английский словарь по нефти и газу > двухколонная конструкция скважины
17 одноколонная конструкция скважины

single casing string well program

Русско-английский словарь по нефти и газу > одноколонная конструкция скважины
18 трехколонная конструкция скважины

three-string well program

Русско-английский словарь по нефти и газу > трехколонная конструкция скважины

См. также в других словарях:

String — Wiktionarypar|stringGenerally, string is a thin, flexible piece of rope or twine which is used to tie, bind, or hang other objects. String can be made from a variety of fibres.Examples of string use include: * String figures, designs formed by… … Wikipedia
Program Segment Prefix — (рус. Префикс программного сегмента, PSP) структура данных, которая используется в операционных системах семейства DOS и CP/M для сохранения состояния компьютерных программ. PSP в DOS имеет следующую структуру: Offset (Смещение) Size (Размер)… … Википедия
String Theory (novels) — String Theory is a trilogy of novels set in the Star Trek universe. Book one, Cohesion , was written by Jeffrey Lang; book two, Fusion , by Kirsten Beyer; and book three, Evolution , by Heather Jarman. The story takes place between seasons four… … Wikipedia
String theory — This article is about the branch of theoretical physics. For other uses, see String theory (disambiguation). String theory … Wikipedia
String (computer science) — In formal languages, which are used in mathematical logic and theoretical computer science, a string is a finite sequence of symbols that are chosen from a set or alphabet. In computer programming, a string is traditionally a sequence of… … Wikipedia
string — string1 W2S3 [strıŋ] n ↑sticker, ↑string ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ 1¦(thread)¦ 2¦(group/series)¦ 3 no strings (attached) 4 string of pearls/lights/beads etc 5¦(music)¦ 6 first string/second string etc 7 have somebody on a string 8 have more than one string to your … Dictionary of contemporary English
String literal — A string literal is the representation of a string value within the source code of a computer program. There are numerous alternate notations for specifying string literals, and the exact notation depends on the individual programming language in … Wikipedia
string — string1 [ strıŋ ] noun *** ▸ 1 thin rope ▸ 2 group/series of things ▸ 3 on instrument ▸ 4 on tennis racket, etc. ▸ 5 something like string ▸ 6 players rated by ability ▸ 7 limiting conditions ▸ 8 G string ▸ + PHRASES 1. ) count or uncount thin… … Usage of the words and phrases in modern English
String-Theorie — Als Superstringtheorie (abkürzend meist Stringtheorie) bezeichnet man eine Sammlung eng verwandter hypothetischer physikalischer Modelle, die alle bisher beobachteten Fundamentalkräfte der Physik einheitlich erklären. Sie gilt damit als Ansatz… … Deutsch Wikipedia
String-Theorien — Als Superstringtheorie (abkürzend meist Stringtheorie) bezeichnet man eine Sammlung eng verwandter hypothetischer physikalischer Modelle, die alle bisher beobachteten Fundamentalkräfte der Physik einheitlich erklären. Sie gilt damit als Ansatz… … Deutsch Wikipedia
String (Physik) — Als Superstringtheorie (abkürzend meist Stringtheorie) bezeichnet man eine Sammlung eng verwandter hypothetischer physikalischer Modelle, die alle bisher beobachteten Fundamentalkräfte der Physik einheitlich erklären. Sie gilt damit als Ansatz… … Deutsch Wikipedia

Словари и энциклопедии на Академике

Перевод: со всех языков на английский

program+string

Тематики

EN

Тематики

EN

Тематики

EN

См. также в других словарях:

Поделиться ссылкой на выделенное

Словари и энциклопедии на Академике

Перевод: со всех языков на английский

program+string

Тематики

EN

Тематики

EN

Тематики

EN

См. также в других словарях:

Поделиться ссылкой на выделенное

Прямая ссылка: