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1 средний
•is the mean molecular weight of the product gases.
•A median lethal dose of radiation...
•At low Reynolds number the value of is small, it increases toward unity at medium Reynolds number.
•Small and medium-size() castings.
•The process has proved successful for the production of grains of moderate size but is not suitable for very large grains.
II•Cadmium is the middle member of group IIb in the Periodic Table.
•At intermediate and slow rates of exchange...
Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > средний
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2 дымовые газы
1) Engineering: smoke fumes, stack effluent3) Railway term: effluent gases4) Metallurgy: chimney gases, combustion gas, combustion-product gas5) Oil: combustion gases, flue gases6) Silicates: kiln gases7) Sakhalin S: bfl8) Chemical weapons: flue gases (FG - obs.), stack gas, stack gases9) Makarov: smokestack exhaust gases -
3 clorídrico
= hydrochloric.Ex. Exposure to heat may cause this product to decompose generating hazardous gases including ammonia and hydrochloric fumes.----* ácido clorídrico = hydrochloric acid.* * *= hydrochloric.Ex: Exposure to heat may cause this product to decompose generating hazardous gases including ammonia and hydrochloric fumes.
* ácido clorídrico = hydrochloric acid. -
4 composizione
"composition;Zusammenstellung;Zusammensetzung;composição"* * *f compositiondi fiori arrangementlaw settlement* * *composizione s.f.1 composition: composizione chimica, chemical composition; la composizione dei gas, the composition of gases; la composizione di un quadro, the composition of a picture; composizione floreale, floral composition; (mus.) le regole della composizione, the rules of composition; (mat.) legge di composizione, composition law; (fis.) composizione delle forze, composition of forces2 ( marketing) mix: composizione del prodotto, product mix; composizione di commessa, job mix; composizione delle vendite, sales mix3 ( tema) composition, essay: composizione di inglese, English composition (o essay) // composizione poetica, poem (o verse)4 ( conciliazione) settlement (anche dir.), composition, agreement: fece una composizione amichevole coi creditori, he made a friendly settlement with his creditors5 (tip.) composing, setting; ( testo composto) matter: composizione a macchina, mechanical composition; composizione a mano, hand composition; composizione destinata alla scomposizione, dead matter; composizione pronta per la stampa, live matter6 (ling.) compound.* * *[kompozit'tsjone]sostantivo femminile1) (elementi constitutivi) composition, make-up2) art. lett. mus. (tecnica, opera) composition3) (tema scolastico) composition, essay4) tip. composition, typesetting5) dir. composition, settlement* * *composizione/kompozit'tsjone/sostantivo f.1 (elementi constitutivi) composition, make-up3 (tema scolastico) composition, essay4 tip. composition, typesetting5 dir. composition, settlement. -
5 Messel, Rudolf
SUBJECT AREA: Chemical technology[br]b. 14 January 1848 Darmstadt, Germanyd. 18 April 1920 London, England[br]German industrial chemist.[br]Messel served three years as an apprentice to the chemical manufacturers E.Lucius of Frankfurt before studying chemistry at Zürich, Heidelberg and Tübingen. In 1870 he travelled to England to assist the distinguished chemist Sir Henry Roscoe, but was soon recalled to Germany on the outbreak of the Franco-Prussian War. After hostilities ceased, Messel returned to London to join the firm of manufacturers of sulphuric acid Dunn, Squire \& Company of Stratford, London. The firm amalgamated with Spencer Chapman, and after Messel became its Managing Director in 1878 it was known as Spencer, Chapman \& Messel Ltd.Messel's principal contribution to chemical technology was the invention of the contact process for the manufacture of sulphuric acid. Earlier processes for making this essential product, now needed in ever-increasing quantities by the new processes for making dyestuffs, fertilizers and explosives, were based on the oxidation of sulphur dioxide by oxides of nitrogen, developed by Joshua Ward and John Roebuck. Attempts to oxidize the dioxide to the trioxide with the oxygen in the air in the presence of a suitable catalyst had so far failed because the catalyst had become "poisoned" and ineffective; Messel avoided this by using highly purified gases. The contact process produced a concentrated form of sulphuric acid called oleum. Until the outbreak of the First World War, Messel's firm was the principal manufacturer, but then the demand rose sharply, so that other firms had to engage in its manufacture. Production thereby increased from 20,000 to 450,000 tons per year.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsFRS 1912. President, Society of Chemical Industry 1911–12, 1914.Further Reading1931, Special jubilee issue, Journal of the Society of the Chemical Industry (July). G.T.Morgan and D.D.Pratt, 1938, The British Chemical Industry, London.LRD -
6 Rosenhain, Walter
SUBJECT AREA: Metallurgy[br]b. 24 August 1875 Berlin, Germanyd. 17 March 1934 Kingston Hill, Surrey, England[br]German metallurgist, first Superintendent of the Department of Metallurgy and Metallurgical Chemistry at the National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, Middlesex.[br]His family emigrated to Australia when he was 5 years old. He was educated at Wesley College, Melbourne, and attended Queen's College, University of Melbourne, graduating in physics and engineering in 1897. As an 1851 Exhibitioner he then spent three years at St John's College, Cambridge, under Sir Alfred Ewing, where he studied the microstructure of deformed metal crystals and abandoned his original intention of becoming a civil engineer. Rosenhain was the first to observe the slip-bands in metal crystals, and in the Bakerian Lecture delivered jointly by Ewing and Rosenhain to the Royal Society in 1899 it was shown that metals deformed plastically by a mechanism involving shear slip along individual crystal planes. From this conception modern ideas on the plasticity and recrystallization of metals rapidly developed. On leaving Cambridge, Rosenhain joined the Birmingham firm of Chance Brothers, where he worked for six years on optical glass and lighthouse-lens systems. A book, Glass Manufacture, written in 1908, derives from this period, during which he continued his metallurgical researches in the evenings in his home laboratory and published several papers on his work.In 1906 Rosenhain was appointed Head of the Metallurgical Department of the National Physical Laboratory (NPL), and in 1908 he became the first Superintendent of the new Department of Metallurgy and Metallurgical Chemistry. Many of the techniques he introduced at Teddington were described in his Introduction to Physical Metallurgy, published in 1914. At the outbreak of the First World War, Rosenhain was asked to undertake work in his department on the manufacture of optical glass. This soon made it possible to manufacture optical glass of high quality on an industrial scale in Britain. Much valuable work on refractory materials stemmed from this venture. Rosenhain's early years at the NPL were, however, inseparably linked with his work on light alloys, which between 1912 and the end of the war involved virtually all of the metallurgical staff of the laboratory. The most important end product was the well-known "Y" Alloy (4% copper, 2% nickel and 1.5% magnesium) extensively used for the pistons and cylinder heads of aircraft engines. It was the prototype of the RR series of alloys jointly developed by Rolls Royce and High Duty Alloys. An improved zinc-based die-casting alloy devised by Rosenhain was also used during the war on a large scale for the production of shell fuses.After the First World War, much attention was devoted to beryllium, which because of its strength, lightness, and stiffness would, it was hoped, become the airframe material of the future. It remained, however, too brittle for practical use. Other investigations dealt with impurities in copper, gases in aluminium alloys, dental alloys, and the constitution of alloys. During this period, Rosenhain's laboratory became internationally known as a centre of excellence for the determination of accurate equilibrium diagrams.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsFRS 1913. President, Institute of Metals 1828–30. Iron and Steel Institute Bessemer Medal, Carnegie Medal.Bibliography1908, Glass Manufacture.1914, An Introduction to the Study of Physical Metallurgy, London: Constable. Rosenhain published over 100 research papers.Further ReadingJ.L.Haughton, 1934, "The work of Walter Rosenhain", Journal of the Institute of Metals 55(2):17–32.ASD
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