proclaimed

* * *

Kălendae ( Cal-; v. the letter K), ārum, f. [root kal-, cal-; Gr. kaleô; Lat. calāre, clamo; cf. Varr. L. L. 6, § 27 Müll.; prop., the day when the order of days was proclaimed; hence], the Calends, the first day of the month: primi dies nominati Kalendae, ab eo quod his diebus calantur ejus mensis nonae a pontificibus, quintanae an septimanae sint futurae, Varr. L. L. l. l.; Macr. S. 1, 15:

sed heus tu, ecquid vides Kalendas venire, Antonium non venire?

Cic. Att. 2, 2, 3:

litteras accepi datas pridie Kalendas Maias,

on the last day of April, id. ib. 13, 20, 1.—Interest was due on the first day of each month;

hence: tristes Kalendae,

Hor. S. 1, 3, 87:

celeres,

Ov. R. Am. 561.—This reckoning of time was Roman only;

hence: Kalendae Ausoniae,

Ov. F. 1, 55.—Prov.: ad Kalendas Graecas solvere, i. e. never, August. ap. Suet. Aug. 87.—

The Kalends were sacred to Juno,

Ov. F. 1, 55; Macr. S. 1, 15;

hence the first day of the year, Kalendae Martiae, was celebrated as a festival of married women, the Matronalia: dabat, sicut Saturnalibus viris apophoreta, ita per Kalendas Martias feminis,

Suet. Vesp. 19:

Martiis caelebs quid agam Kalendis,

Hor. C. 3, 8, 1:

scis certe, puto, vestra jam venire Saturnalia, Martias Kalendas,

Mart. 5, 84, 10; Dig. 24, 1, 31, § 8;

hence: femineae Kalendae = Kal. Mart.,

Juv. 9, 53:

Kalendae Sextae,

the Calends of June, Ov. F. 6, 181:

Kalendae Germanicae,

the Calends of September, Inscr. Orell. 4949 (cf.:

in memoriam patris Septembrem mensem Germanicum appellavit,

Suet. Calig. 15):

Kalendae Januariae primae,

of next January, Cato, R. R. 147 sq.; Inscr. Orell. 3121.—

Transf., a month:

nec totidem veteres, quot nunc, habuere Kalendas,

Ov. F. 3, 99:

intra septimas Kalendas,

Mart. 1, 100, 6; 10, 75, 7; Dig. 45, 1, 46.

tŭmultus, ūs ( gen. tumulti, Enn., Att., Afran., Turp., and Pompon. ap. Non. 489, 29 sq.; Plaut. Cas. 3, 5, 22; id. Poen. 1, 1, 79; Ter. And. 2, 2, 28; id. Hec. 3, 2, 21; Sall. C. 59, 5), m. [Sanscr. tumalas, tumulas, disturbing; cf. tumeo], an uproar, bustle, violent commotion, disturbance, tumult (freq. and class.; cf.: turba, perturbatio).

Lit.

In gen.: quid hoc hic clamoris, quid hoc hic tumulti est? Enn. ap. Non. 489, 29 (Trag. v. 204 Vahl.):

quis sonitu ac tumultu tanto nomine nominat me atque pulsat aedes?

Plaut. Bacch. 5, 2, 1:

magno cum strepitu ac tumultu castris egressi,

Caes. B. G. 2, 11;

so with strepitus,

id. ib. 6, 7; Liv. 25, 23, 17:

cum omnia terrore ac tumultu streperent,

id. 25, 25, 9:

arx inter tumultum capta est,

id. 28, 19, 18:

numquae trepidatio? numqui tumultus?

Cic. Dejot. 7, 20;

so with trepidatio,

Liv. 25, 13, 10:

urbi, sine vestro motu ac sine ullo tumultu, satis esset praesidii,

Cic. Cat. 2, 12, 26:

turbae ac tumultūs concitatores,

Liv. 25, 4, 10:

repentino tumultu perterriti,

Caes. B. G. 7, 47:

tumultu armorum et cantuum truces,

Tac. A. 4, 47:

verborum,

id. H. 1, 85:

Acheron rapitur tumultu ingenti,

Sen. Herc. Fur. 714:

urbis,

Tib. 2, 3, 43.— Plur.:

inque repentinos convivia versa tumultus,

Ov. M. 5, 5:

ille caecos instare tumultus Saepe monet,

Verg. G. 1, 464:

canunt ignes subitosque tumultus,

Manil. 1, 894:

novos moveat F ortuna tumultus,

Hor. S. 2, 2, 126.—

Of thunder, storm, etc.:

tremendo Juppiter ipse ruens tumultu,

i. e. the roar of thunder, Hor. C. 1, 16, 12; cf. Ov. M. 3, 308:

vides, quanto trepidet tumultu Pronus Orion,

storm, tempest, Hor. C. 3, 27, 17:

(me) per Aegaeos tumultus Aura feret,

id. ib. 3, 29, 63:

pelagi caelique,

Luc. 5, 592:

maris,

Sen. Herc. Fur. 1091.—

Of the body: stomacho tumultum Lenta feret pituita, i. e. a rumbling of the bowels, Hor. S. 2, 2, 75; Sen. Thyest. 999.—

In partic.

In milit. lang., a sudden or impending war, civil war, insurrection, tumult, sedition, rebellion: potest enim esse bellum ut tumultus non sit, tumultus esse sine bello non potest. Quid est enim aliud tumultus nisi perturbatio tanta, ut major timor oriatur? unde etiam nomen ductum est tumultus. Itaque majores nostri tumultum Italicum, quod erat domesticus;

tumultum Gallicum, quod erat Italiae finitimus, praeterea nullum nominabant. Gravius autem tumultum esse quam bellum hinc intellegi licet, quod bello vacationes valent, tumultu non valent,

Cic. Phil. 8, 1, 2 sq.:

censeo tumultum decerni,

that a state of civil war be proclaimed, id. ib. 5, 12, 31:

Bojorum gentem ad rebellionem spectare: ob eas res tumultum esse decrevit senatus,

Liv. 34, 56, 11; and:

tumultūs Gallici causā,

id. 7, 9, 6:

factum nuper in Italiā, servili tumultu,

Caes. B. G. 1, 40:

sedato tandem Istrico tumultu,

Liv. 41, 6, 1:

in Sardiniā magnum tumultum esse cognitum est,

id. 41, 6, 5:

hostilis,

Tac. A. 4, 29:

remedium tumultūs fuit alius tumultus,

id. H. 2, 68:

repentino tumultu excitae,

Just. 2, 4, 22; Flor. 3, 19, 2:

tumultus magis quam proelium fuit,

Curt. 6, 5, 12.—

Excitement, anxiety:

supremo die exquirens, an jam de se tumultus foris esset,

Suet. Aug. 99:

alteri apud alteros formidinem simul et tumultum facere,

Sall. J. 53, 7; cf.:

cui lapis externus curae est, urbisque tumultus,

Tib. 2, 3, 43.—

Trop. ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose).

Disturbance, disquietude, agitation, tumult of the mind or feelings:

tumultus Mentis,

Hor. C. 2, 16, 10; Luc. 7, 183:

pulsata tumultu pectora, Petr. poët. 123: sceleris tumultus,

Hor. S. 2, 3, 208.—

Of speech, confusion, disorder:

sermonis,

Plin. 7, 12, 10, § 55:

criminum,

Quint. Decl. 1, 4.