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1 processing sheets
листы, получившие отделку в агрегатных линияхБольшой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > processing sheets
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2 processing sheets
листы, получившие отделку в агрегатных линияхАнгло-русский словарь технических терминов > processing sheets
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3 processing sheets
Техника: листы, получившие отделку в агрегатных линиях -
4 processing sheets
листы, получившие отделку в агрегатных линияхАнгло-русский словарь по прокатке металлов > processing sheets
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5 work processing sheets
English-german engineering dictionary > work processing sheets
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6 super-processing ribbed smoked sheets
Универсальный англо-русский словарь > super-processing ribbed smoked sheets
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7 sheet
лист, тонкий лист, тонколистовая сталь- automobile body sheet
- bi-metal sheet
- black sheet
- blue sheet
- box-annealed sheet
- brass sheet
- bright lustre sheet
- bright-polished sheet
- checkered sheet
- clad metal sheet
- coated sheet
- cold-reduced sheet
- cold-rolled sheet
- cold-rolled commercial quality sheet
- cold-rolled drawing quality sheet
- cold-rolled lustre finish sheets
- cold-rolled steel sheet
- commercial sheet
- copper sheet
- corrugated steel sheet
- dead-flat sheet
- dead-soft temper sheet
- dull-finish sheet
- dynamo sheet
- electrical grade sheet
- electro-zinc coated sheet
- flat sheet
- flat cold-rolled sheets
- fly sheared sheet
- galvanized sheet
- half-hard temper sheet
- hard temper sheet
- hot-rolled finished sheet
- lacquer-coated steel sheet
- light cold-rolled sheet
- light-gauge sheet
- long terne sheets
- magnetic sheet
- pack-rolled sheet
- pickled sheet
- planished sheet
- porcelain enameling sheet
- prime sheet
- processing sheets
- quarter hard temper sheet
- reject sheet
- rider sheets
- riffled sheet
- roofing sheet
- silicon sheet
- single-pickled sheet
- skin-passed sheet
- skin-rolled temper sheet
- stacked sheets
- steel sheet
- tapered sheet
- temper-rolled sheet
- tin sheet
- tinned steel sheet
- titanium sheet
- transformer sheet
- vinyl-coated sheet
- vitreous enameling sheet
- zinc-coated steel sheet -
8 sheet
1) лист2) метал. (тонкий) лист; тонколистовая сталь5) слой8) диаграмма; график; номограмма; таблица9) карта10) схема11) полигр. оттиск12) бланк13) пищ. трафарет; противень14) тестовая лента || раскатывать тесто•-
air-dried sheet
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application data sheet
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application sheet
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baled sheet
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barrier sheet
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basic standard sheet
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bimetal sheet
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black sheet
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blue sheet
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boom sheet
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box-annealed sheet
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burden sheet
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cathode sheet
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checkered sheet
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clad metal sheet
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cloud sheet
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coated sheet
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code sheet
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cold-rolled sheet
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control sheet
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copy sheet
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corrugated sheet
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corrugated steel sheet
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cue sheet
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data sheet
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dead-flat sheet
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drawn sheet
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dry sheet
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duct sheet
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dynamo steel sheet
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electrical grade sheet
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electrozinc coated sheet
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end sheet
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exposed sheet
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fast sheet
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filler sheet
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first latex sheet
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flange sheet
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flat sheet
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floor slope sheet
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flow sheet
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foam core sheet
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folded sheet
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galvanized sheet
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glass sheet
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grain-oriented electrical sheet
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green sheet
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grid sheet
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heat-strengthened glass sheet
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hot-rolled sheet
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ice sheet
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image-receiving sheet
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interleaving sheet
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iron black sheet
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laminated sheet
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layout sheet
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lead-sealed sheet
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light-gage sheet
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light sheet
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load and trim sheet
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loading sheet
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loose sheet
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magnetic sheet
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make-ready sheet
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methods sheet
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mica sheet
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negative sheet
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nonoriented electrical steel sheet
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off-gage sheet
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oil sheet
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operation sheet
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overfalling sheet
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packing sheet
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pack-rolled sheet
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parent sheet
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photoemulsion sheet
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photosensitive sheet
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pickled sheet
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piled sheet
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planished sheet
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planning sheet
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positive sheet
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prime sheet
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process sheet
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processing sheets
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program sheet
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progressive sheets
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pulp sheet
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receiving sheet
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release sheet
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rider sheets
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riffled steel sheet
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roll embossed sheet
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rolled tank sheet
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roofing sheet
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route sheet
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rubber sheet
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scrap sheet
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setup sheet
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shaped sheet of wing
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sheet of water
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shooting sheet
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silicon sheet
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skin-passed sheet
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slip sheet
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smoked sheet
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specifications sheet
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specification sheet
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stackable sheets
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stand sheet
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stave tank sheet
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steel-joining sheet
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style sheet
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subtitle cue sheet
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tank sheet
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tapered sheet
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technical data sheet
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temper-rolled sheet
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terned sheet
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test record sheet
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texture sheet
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time sheet
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tinned steel sheet
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train sheet
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transfer sheet
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unsmoked sheet
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warp sheet
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work sheet
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zinc-coated sheet -
9 Reading
1) The Discovery of Truth Depends on the Thoughtful Reading of Authoritative TextsFor the Middle Ages, all discovery of truth was first reception of traditional authorities, then later-in the thirteenth century-rational reconciliation of authoritative texts. A comprehension of the world was not regarded as a creative function but as an assimilation and retracing of given facts; the symbolic expression of this being reading. The goal and the accomplishment of the thinker is to connect all these facts together in the form of the "summa." Dante's cosmic poem is such a summa too. (Curtius, 1973, p. 326)The readers of books... extend or concentrate a function common to us all. Reading letters on a page is only one of its many guises. The astronomer reading a map of stars that no longer exist; the Japanese architect reading the land on which a house is to be built so as to guard it from evil forces; the zoologist reading the spoor of animals in the forest; the card-player reading her partner's gestures before playing the winning card; the dancer reading the choreographer's notations, and the public reading the dancer's movements on the stage; the weaver reading the intricate design of a carpet being woven; the organ-player reading various simultaneous strands of music orchestrated on the page; the parent reading the baby's face for signs of joy or fright, or wonder; the Chinese fortune-teller reading the ancient marks on the shell of a tortoise; the lover blindly reading the loved one's body at night, under the sheets; the psychiatrist helping patients read their own bewildering dreams; the Hawaiian fisherman reading the ocean currents by plunging a hand into the water; the farmer reading the weather in the sky-all these share with book-readers the craft of deciphering and translating signs....We all read ourselves and the world around us in order to glimpse what and where we are. We read to understand, or to begin to understand. We cannot do but read. Reading, almost as much as breathing, is our essential function. (Manguel, 1996, pp. 6-7)There is a pitched battle between those theorists and modellers who embrace the primacy of syntax and those who embrace the primacy of semantics in language processing. At times both schools have committed various excesses. For example, some of the former have relied foolishly on context-free mathematical-combinatory models, while some of the latter have flirted with versions of the "direct-access hypothesis," the idea that skilled readers process printed language directly into meaning without phonological or even syntactic processing. The problems with the first excess are patent. Those with the second are more complex and demand more research. Unskilled readers apparently do rely more on phonological processing than do skilled ones; hence their spoken dialects may interfere with their reading-and writing-habits. But the extent to which phonological processing is absent in the skilled reader has not been established, and the contention that syntactic processing is suspended in the skilled reader is surely wrong and not supported by empirical evidence-though blood-flow patterns in the brain are curiously different during speaking, oral reading, and silent reading. (M. L. Johnson, 1988, pp. 101-102)Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Reading
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10 apparatus
прибор; аппарат; машинаАнгло-русский словарь по полиграфии и издательскому делу > apparatus
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11 SPRSS
Полимеры: super-processing ribbed smoked sheets -
12 perforate
• puhkaistatechnology• rei'ittää• hammastaa• perforoidaautomatic data processing• lävistää• pistellä* * *'pə:fəreit(to make a hole or holes in, especially a line of small holes in paper, so that it may be torn easily: Sheets of postage stamps are perforated.) rei'ittää, lävistää- perforation -
13 waste
1 nFOOD residuo mMINE escombrera f, estériles m plNUCL basura fPAPER, POLL residuos m plPROD efluente m, desechos m pl, desperdicios m pl, despojos m pl, loss merma f, residuos m pl, basura f, pérdida fRECYCL residuos m pl, desechos m pl, basura fSAFE basura fTEXTIL merma f, retales del corte m pl2 vtRECYCL agotar, gastar -
14 Girard, Philippe de
SUBJECT AREA: Textiles[br]b. 1775 Franced. 1845[br]French developer of a successful flax-heckling machine for the preparation of fibres for power-spinning.[br]Early drawing and spinning processes failed to give linen yarn the requisite fineness and homogeneity. In 1810 Napoleon offered a prize of a million francs for a successful flax-spinning machine as part of his policy of stimulating the French textile industries. Spurred on by this offer, Girard suggested three improvements. He was too late to win the prize, but his ideas were patented in England in 1814, although not under his own name. He proposed that the fibres should be soaked in a very hot alkaline solution both before drawing and immediately before they went to the spindles. The actual drawing was to be done by passing the dried material through combs or gills that moved alternately; gill drawing was taken up in England in 1816. His method of wet spinning was never a commercial success, but his processes were adopted in part and developed in Britain and spread to Austria, Poland and France, for his ideas were essentially good and produced a superior product. The successful power-spinning of linen thread from flax depended primarily upon the initial processes of heckling and drawing. The heckling of the bundles or stricks of flax, so as to separate the long fibres of "line" from the shorter ones of "tow", was extremely difficult to mechanize, for each strick had to be combed on both sides in turn and then in the reverse direction. It was to this problem that Girard next turned his attention, inventing a successful machine in 1832 that subsequently was improved in England. The strick was placed between two vertical sheets of combs that moved opposite to each other, depositing the tow upon a revolving cylinder covered with a brush at the bottom of the machine, while the holder from which the strick was suspended moved up and down so as to help the teeth to penetrate deeper into the flax. The tow was removed from the cylinder at the bottom of the machine and taken away to be spun like cotton. The long line fibres were removed from the top of the machine and required further processing if the yarn was to be uniform.When N.L.Sadi Carnot's book Réflexions sur la puissance motrice du feu, was published in 1824, Girard made a favourable report on it.[br]Further ReadingM.Daumas (ed.), 1968, Histoire générale des techniques, Vol. III: L'Expansion duMachinisme, Paris.C.Singer (ed.), 1958, A History of'Technology, Vol. IV, Oxford: Clarendon Press. T.K.Derry and T.I.Williams, 1960, A Short History of Technology from the EarliestTimes to AD 1900, Oxford.W.A.McCutcheon, 1966–7, "Water power in the North of Ireland", Transactions of the Newcomen Society 39 (discusses the spinning of flax and mentions Girard).RLH -
15 Lumière, Auguste
SUBJECT AREA: Photography, film and optics[br]b. 19 October 1862 Besançon, Franced. 10 April 1954 Lyon, France[br]French scientist and inventor.[br]Auguste and his brother Louis Lumière (b. 5 October 1864 Besançon, France; d. 6 June 1948 Bandol, France) developed the photographic plate-making business founded by their father, Charles Antoine Lumière, at Lyons, extending production to roll-film manufacture in 1887. In the summer of 1894 their father brought to the factory a piece of Edison kinetoscope film, and said that they should produce films for the French owners of the new moving-picture machine. To do this, of course, a camera was needed; Louis was chiefly responsible for the design, which used an intermittent claw for driving the film, inspired by a sewing-machine mechanism. The machine was patented on 13 February 1895, and it was shown on 22 March 1895 at the Société d'Encouragement pour l'In-dustrie Nationale in Paris, with a projected film showing workers leaving the Lyons factory. Further demonstrations followed at the Sorbonne, and in Lyons during the Congrès des Sociétés de Photographie in June 1895. The Lumières filmed the delegates returning from an excursion, and showed the film to the Congrès the next day. To bring the Cinématographe, as it was called, to the public, the basement of the Grand Café in the Boulevard des Capuchines in Paris was rented, and on Saturday 28 December 1895 the first regular presentations of projected pictures to a paying public took place. The half-hour shows were an immediate success, and in a few months Lumière Cinématographes were seen throughout the world.The other principal area of achievement by the Lumière brothers was colour photography. They took up Lippman's method of interference colour photography, developing special grainless emulsions, and early in 1893 demonstrated their results by lighting them with an arc lamp and projecting them on to a screen. In 1895 they patented a method of subtractive colour photography involving printing the colour separations on bichromated gelatine glue sheets, which were then dyed and assembled in register, on paper for prints or bound between glass for transparencies. Their most successful colour process was based upon the colour-mosaic principle. In 1904 they described a process in which microscopic grains of potato starch, dyed red, green and blue, were scattered on a freshly varnished glass plate. When dried the mosaic was coated with varnish and then with a panchromatic emulsion. The plate was exposed with the mosaic towards the lens, and after reversal processing a colour transparency was produced. The process was launched commercially in 1907 under the name Autochrome; it was the first fully practical single-plate colour process to reach the public, remaining on the market until the 1930s, when it was followed by a film version using the same principle.Auguste and Louis received the Progress Medal of the Royal Photographic Society in 1909 for their work in colour photography. Auguste was also much involved in biological science and, having founded the Clinique Auguste Lumière, spent many of his later years working in the physiological laboratory.[br]Further ReadingGuy Borgé, 1980, Prestige de la photographie, Nos. 8, 9 and 10, Paris. Brian Coe, 1978, Colour Photography: The First Hundred Years, London ——1981, The History of Movie Photography, London.Jacques Deslandes, 1966, Histoire comparée du cinéma, Vol. I, Paris. Gert Koshofer, 1981, Farbfotografie, Vol. I, Munich.BC
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