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1 характеристика процесса
Русско-английский исловарь по машиностроению и автоматизации производства > характеристика процесса
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2 характеристика процесса
1) Mechanics: process quality2) Ecology: process characteristicУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > характеристика процесса
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3 рабочая характеристика
1) General subject: performance, operating character, (оборудования) performance data2) Military: operational characteristic3) Engineering: performance curve, performance value, running quality (машины), working4) Construction: operating capability5) Mathematics: OC (operating characteristic)6) Metallurgy: operation factor7) Telecommunications: operating factor, operational factor, overall performance8) Electronics: performance capability9) Information technology: operating characteristic, performance characteristic10) Oil: operational data, performance data, performance figure, service data, torque characteristic (гидропривода), torque characteristics, usage data, working data11) Metrology: parameter performance12) Mechanics: performance capabilities13) Household appliances: working characteristic14) Sakhalin energy glossary: duty (process unit)15) Oilfield: performance curves (в виде кривых)16) Automation: operating performance, performance measure17) Makarov: estimated performance, operating curve18) Electrical engineering: operating line, running characteristic (электрической машины)Универсальный русско-английский словарь > рабочая характеристика
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4 Language
Philosophy is written in that great book, the universe, which is always open, right before our eyes. But one cannot understand this book without first learning to understand the language and to know the characters in which it is written. It is written in the language of mathematics, and the characters are triangles, circles, and other figures. Without these, one cannot understand a single word of it, and just wanders in a dark labyrinth. (Galileo, 1990, p. 232)It never happens that it [a nonhuman animal] arranges its speech in various ways in order to reply appropriately to everything that may be said in its presence, as even the lowest type of man can do. (Descartes, 1970a, p. 116)It is a very remarkable fact that there are none so depraved and stupid, without even excepting idiots, that they cannot arrange different words together, forming of them a statement by which they make known their thoughts; while, on the other hand, there is no other animal, however perfect and fortunately circumstanced it may be, which can do the same. (Descartes, 1967, p. 116)Human beings do not live in the object world alone, nor alone in the world of social activity as ordinarily understood, but are very much at the mercy of the particular language which has become the medium of expression for their society. It is quite an illusion to imagine that one adjusts to reality essentially without the use of language and that language is merely an incidental means of solving specific problems of communication or reflection. The fact of the matter is that the "real world" is to a large extent unconsciously built on the language habits of the group.... We see and hear and otherwise experience very largely as we do because the language habits of our community predispose certain choices of interpretation. (Sapir, 1921, p. 75)It powerfully conditions all our thinking about social problems and processes.... No two languages are ever sufficiently similar to be considered as representing the same social reality. The worlds in which different societies live are distinct worlds, not merely the same worlds with different labels attached. (Sapir, 1985, p. 162)[A list of language games, not meant to be exhaustive:]Giving orders, and obeying them- Describing the appearance of an object, or giving its measurements- Constructing an object from a description (a drawing)Reporting an eventSpeculating about an eventForming and testing a hypothesisPresenting the results of an experiment in tables and diagramsMaking up a story; and reading itPlay actingSinging catchesGuessing riddlesMaking a joke; and telling itSolving a problem in practical arithmeticTranslating from one language into anotherLANGUAGE Asking, thanking, cursing, greeting, and praying-. (Wittgenstein, 1953, Pt. I, No. 23, pp. 11 e-12 e)We dissect nature along lines laid down by our native languages.... The world is presented in a kaleidoscopic flux of impressions which has to be organized by our minds-and this means largely by the linguistic systems in our minds.... No individual is free to describe nature with absolute impartiality but is constrained to certain modes of interpretation even while he thinks himself most free. (Whorf, 1956, pp. 153, 213-214)We dissect nature along the lines laid down by our native languages.The categories and types that we isolate from the world of phenomena we do not find there because they stare every observer in the face; on the contrary, the world is presented in a kaleidoscopic flux of impressions which has to be organized by our minds-and this means largely by the linguistic systems in our minds.... We are thus introduced to a new principle of relativity, which holds that all observers are not led by the same physical evidence to the same picture of the universe, unless their linguistic backgrounds are similar or can in some way be calibrated. (Whorf, 1956, pp. 213-214)9) The Forms of a Person's Thoughts Are Controlled by Unperceived Patterns of His Own LanguageThe forms of a person's thoughts are controlled by inexorable laws of pattern of which he is unconscious. These patterns are the unperceived intricate systematizations of his own language-shown readily enough by a candid comparison and contrast with other languages, especially those of a different linguistic family. (Whorf, 1956, p. 252)It has come to be commonly held that many utterances which look like statements are either not intended at all, or only intended in part, to record or impart straightforward information about the facts.... Many traditional philosophical perplexities have arisen through a mistake-the mistake of taking as straightforward statements of fact utterances which are either (in interesting non-grammatical ways) nonsensical or else intended as something quite different. (Austin, 1962, pp. 2-3)In general, one might define a complex of semantic components connected by logical constants as a concept. The dictionary of a language is then a system of concepts in which a phonological form and certain syntactic and morphological characteristics are assigned to each concept. This system of concepts is structured by several types of relations. It is supplemented, furthermore, by redundancy or implicational rules..., representing general properties of the whole system of concepts.... At least a relevant part of these general rules is not bound to particular languages, but represents presumably universal structures of natural languages. They are not learned, but are rather a part of the human ability to acquire an arbitrary natural language. (Bierwisch, 1970, pp. 171-172)In studying the evolution of mind, we cannot guess to what extent there are physically possible alternatives to, say, transformational generative grammar, for an organism meeting certain other physical conditions characteristic of humans. Conceivably, there are none-or very few-in which case talk about evolution of the language capacity is beside the point. (Chomsky, 1972, p. 98)[It is] truth value rather than syntactic well-formedness that chiefly governs explicit verbal reinforcement by parents-which renders mildly paradoxical the fact that the usual product of such a training schedule is an adult whose speech is highly grammatical but not notably truthful. (R. O. Brown, 1973, p. 330)he conceptual base is responsible for formally representing the concepts underlying an utterance.... A given word in a language may or may not have one or more concepts underlying it.... On the sentential level, the utterances of a given language are encoded within a syntactic structure of that language. The basic construction of the sentential level is the sentence.The next highest level... is the conceptual level. We call the basic construction of this level the conceptualization. A conceptualization consists of concepts and certain relations among those concepts. We can consider that both levels exist at the same point in time and that for any unit on one level, some corresponding realizate exists on the other level. This realizate may be null or extremely complex.... Conceptualizations may relate to other conceptualizations by nesting or other specified relationships. (Schank, 1973, pp. 191-192)The mathematics of multi-dimensional interactive spaces and lattices, the projection of "computer behavior" on to possible models of cerebral functions, the theoretical and mechanical investigation of artificial intelligence, are producing a stream of sophisticated, often suggestive ideas.But it is, I believe, fair to say that nothing put forward until now in either theoretic design or mechanical mimicry comes even remotely in reach of the most rudimentary linguistic realities. (Steiner, 1975, p. 284)The step from the simple tool to the master tool, a tool to make tools (what we would now call a machine tool), seems to me indeed to parallel the final step to human language, which I call reconstitution. It expresses in a practical and social context the same understanding of hierarchy, and shows the same analysis by function as a basis for synthesis. (Bronowski, 1977, pp. 127-128)t is the language donn eґ in which we conduct our lives.... We have no other. And the danger is that formal linguistic models, in their loosely argued analogy with the axiomatic structure of the mathematical sciences, may block perception.... It is quite conceivable that, in language, continuous induction from simple, elemental units to more complex, realistic forms is not justified. The extent and formal "undecidability" of context-and every linguistic particle above the level of the phoneme is context-bound-may make it impossible, except in the most abstract, meta-linguistic sense, to pass from "pro-verbs," "kernals," or "deep deep structures" to actual speech. (Steiner, 1975, pp. 111-113)A higher-level formal language is an abstract machine. (Weizenbaum, 1976, p. 113)Jakobson sees metaphor and metonymy as the characteristic modes of binarily opposed polarities which between them underpin the two-fold process of selection and combination by which linguistic signs are formed.... Thus messages are constructed, as Saussure said, by a combination of a "horizontal" movement, which combines words together, and a "vertical" movement, which selects the particular words from the available inventory or "inner storehouse" of the language. The combinative (or syntagmatic) process manifests itself in contiguity (one word being placed next to another) and its mode is metonymic. The selective (or associative) process manifests itself in similarity (one word or concept being "like" another) and its mode is metaphoric. The "opposition" of metaphor and metonymy therefore may be said to represent in effect the essence of the total opposition between the synchronic mode of language (its immediate, coexistent, "vertical" relationships) and its diachronic mode (its sequential, successive, lineal progressive relationships). (Hawkes, 1977, pp. 77-78)It is striking that the layered structure that man has given to language constantly reappears in his analyses of nature. (Bronowski, 1977, p. 121)First, [an ideal intertheoretic reduction] provides us with a set of rules"correspondence rules" or "bridge laws," as the standard vernacular has it-which effect a mapping of the terms of the old theory (T o) onto a subset of the expressions of the new or reducing theory (T n). These rules guide the application of those selected expressions of T n in the following way: we are free to make singular applications of their correspondencerule doppelgangers in T o....Second, and equally important, a successful reduction ideally has the outcome that, under the term mapping effected by the correspondence rules, the central principles of T o (those of semantic and systematic importance) are mapped onto general sentences of T n that are theorems of Tn. (P. Churchland, 1979, p. 81)If non-linguistic factors must be included in grammar: beliefs, attitudes, etc. [this would] amount to a rejection of the initial idealization of language as an object of study. A priori such a move cannot be ruled out, but it must be empirically motivated. If it proves to be correct, I would conclude that language is a chaos that is not worth studying.... Note that the question is not whether beliefs or attitudes, and so on, play a role in linguistic behavior and linguistic judgments... [but rather] whether distinct cognitive structures can be identified, which interact in the real use of language and linguistic judgments, the grammatical system being one of these. (Chomsky, 1979, pp. 140, 152-153)23) Language Is Inevitably Influenced by Specific Contexts of Human InteractionLanguage cannot be studied in isolation from the investigation of "rationality." It cannot afford to neglect our everyday assumptions concerning the total behavior of a reasonable person.... An integrational linguistics must recognize that human beings inhabit a communicational space which is not neatly compartmentalized into language and nonlanguage.... It renounces in advance the possibility of setting up systems of forms and meanings which will "account for" a central core of linguistic behavior irrespective of the situation and communicational purposes involved. (Harris, 1981, p. 165)By innate [linguistic knowledge], Chomsky simply means "genetically programmed." He does not literally think that children are born with language in their heads ready to be spoken. He merely claims that a "blueprint is there, which is brought into use when the child reaches a certain point in her general development. With the help of this blueprint, she analyzes the language she hears around her more readily than she would if she were totally unprepared for the strange gabbling sounds which emerge from human mouths. (Aitchison, 1987, p. 31)Looking at ourselves from the computer viewpoint, we cannot avoid seeing that natural language is our most important "programming language." This means that a vast portion of our knowledge and activity is, for us, best communicated and understood in our natural language.... One could say that natural language was our first great original artifact and, since, as we increasingly realize, languages are machines, so natural language, with our brains to run it, was our primal invention of the universal computer. One could say this except for the sneaking suspicion that language isn't something we invented but something we became, not something we constructed but something in which we created, and recreated, ourselves. (Leiber, 1991, p. 8)Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Language
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5 entwickeln
I v/t1. (fördern, vorwärtsbringen) develop ( aus from; zu into); (jemanden) auch bring on; (Appetit) build up, develop2. (hervorbringen, entfalten, zeigen) (Wärme etc.) generate, produce; (Dampf, Geruch) give off, emit, produce; (Initiative, Tatkraft, Talent, Phantasie etc.) display, show; (Geschmack) auch acquire ( für for)3. (erfinden, konstruieren) develop; (Theorie, Verfahren etc.) auch evolve4. (darlegen) explain (in detail), give a detailed account of5. FOT. developII v/refl1. (allmählich entstehen, sich herausbilden) develop, evolve, grow ( aus from; zu into); Gase etc.: form, be given off, be generated; (Gestalt annehmen) form, take shape; aus der Raupe entwickelt sich der Schmetterling the caterpillar develops into a butterfly; daraus entwickelte sich eine Krise it became ( oder turned into) a crisis, a crisis ensued, it gave rise to a crisis3. (vorankommen) (make) progress, advance, come on umg.; sich gut entwickeln be shaping up (well), be coming on (well) umg., be making good ( oder steady) progress* * *to work out; to develop; to educe; to generate; to evolve;sich entwickelnto evolve; to develop* * *ent|wị|ckeln [ɛnt'vɪkln] ptp entwi\#ckelt1. vtto develop (AUCH PHOT); (PHOT) esp Diapositive to process; Methode, Verfahren to develop, to evolve; (MATH ) Formel to expand, to develop; (CHEM) Gas etc to produce, to generate; Mut, Energie to show, to displayjdm etw entwickeln — to set out or expound sth to sb
2. vrto develop ( zu into); (CHEM Gase etc) to be produced or generateddas Projekt/der neue Angestellte entwickelt sich gut — the project/the new employee is coming along or shaping up nicely
er hat sich ganz schön entwickelt (inf) — he's turned out really nicely
* * *1) (to progress: How are things coming along?) come along2) (to use chemicals to make (a photograph) visible: My brother develops all his own films.) develop3) ((of animals, birds etc) to develop eg horns, produce eg feathers: The young birds are sprouting their first feathers.) sprout* * *ent·wi·ckeln *I. vt▪ etw \entwickeln1. (erfinden) to develop sth2. (entwerfen) to develop stheinen Plan \entwickeln to develop [or devise] a plan3. FOTOeinen Film \entwickeln to develop a filmII. vr1. (zur Entfaltung kommen)Ihre Tochter hat sich zu einer bemerkenswerten jungen Dame entwickelt your daughter has turned out to be a remarkable young lady3. (vorankommen)na, wie entwickelt sich euer Projekt? well, how is your project coming along?* * *1.reflexives Verb develop ( aus from, zu into)2.transitives Verb1) (auch Fot.) develop2) (hervorbringen) give off, produce <vapour, smell>; show, display <ability, characteristic>; elaborate <theory, ideas>* * *A. v/t1. (fördern, vorwärtsbringen) develop (aus from;2. (hervorbringen, entfalten, zeigen) (Wärme etc) generate, produce; (Dampf, Geruch) give off, emit, produce; (Initiative, Tatkraft, Talent, Fantasie etc) display, show; (Geschmack) auch acquire (für for)5. FOTO developB. v/r1. (allmählich entstehen, sich herausbilden) develop, evolve, grow (aus from;aus der Raupe entwickelt sich der Schmetterling the caterpillar develops into a butterfly;daraus entwickelte sich eine Krise it became ( oder turned into) a crisis, a crisis ensued, it gave rise to a crisissich gut entwickeln be shaping up (well), be coming on (well) umg, be making good ( oder steady) progress* * *1.reflexives Verb develop ( aus from, zu into)2.transitives Verb1) (auch Fot.) develop2) (hervorbringen) give off, produce <vapour, smell>; show, display <ability, characteristic>; elaborate <theory, ideas>* * *v.to develop v.to device v.to educe v.to evolve v.to generate v.to process v. -
6 determinismo
m.determinism.* * *1 determinism* * *SM determinism* * *masculino determinism* * *= determinism.Ex. Such facilities to manipulate data may be expected to imbue the process of IR with a measure of that determinism or verifiability which is a characteristic of data base management systems.* * *masculino determinism* * *= determinism.Ex: Such facilities to manipulate data may be expected to imbue the process of IR with a measure of that determinism or verifiability which is a characteristic of data base management systems.
* * *determinism* * *determinismo nmdeterminism -
7 verificabilidad
f.verifiability, confirmability.* * ** * *Ex. Such facilities to manipulate data may be expected to imbue the process of IR with a measure of that determinism or verifiability which is a characteristic of data base management systems.* * *Ex: Such facilities to manipulate data may be expected to imbue the process of IR with a measure of that determinism or verifiability which is a characteristic of data base management systems.
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8 раствор
aperture, (для очистки, травления, нанесения покрытия и т. п.) bath, bite, dash, jaw opening, ( валков) opening метал., liquor, solution, (напр. губок тисков) span, temper* * *раство́р м.1. (однородная смесь с равномерным распределением одного вещества в среде другого) solutionв раство́ре — in solutionвыпада́ть из раство́ра — precipitate from a solutionистоща́ть раство́р — exhaust [deplete] a solutionобразо́вывать раство́р — form a solutionосажда́ть из раство́ра — precipitate from a solutionосвежа́ть раство́р — replenish a solution
(пере)насыщать раство́р — (super)saturate a solutionпереходи́ть в раство́р — pass into solution(прису́тствовать) в каком-л. или конкре́тном раство́ре — in a solution or in the solutionразбавля́ть раство́р — dilute a solutionсгуща́ть раство́р — thicken a solution2. (расстояние между точками, элементами устройства и т. п.) opening, spreadраство́р ано́дно-се́точной характери́стики — plate-grid characteristic spreadраство́р анте́нны — aperture of an antennaбе́дный раство́р — weak solutionбурово́й раство́р — drilling fluid, drilling mudбу́ферный раство́р — buffer solutionраство́р валко́в — прок. roll clearance; ( слябинга) roll spreadрегули́ровать [устана́вливать] раство́р валко́в — adjust the rolls for clearance, set the rolls to the (desired) clearanceва́рочный раство́р цел.-бум. — cooking liquorвири́рующий раство́р кфт. — toning solutionво́дный раство́р — aqueous solutionгазообра́зный раство́р — gaseous solutionграмм-молекуля́рный раство́р — gram-molecular solutionграммэквивале́нтный раство́р — gram-equivalent solutionраство́р гу́бок маш. — jaw openingраство́р две́ри — doorwayраство́р для амальгами́рования — quickening liquidраство́р для смы́вки кож. — sigдоэвтекти́ческий раство́р — hypoeutectic solutionдубя́щий раство́р — tanning solutionжи́дкий раство́р — liquid solutionзамора́живающий раство́р — freezing solutionзаэвтекти́ческий раство́р — hypereutectic solutionидеа́льный раство́р — ideal solutionи́стинный раство́р — true solutionколло́идный раство́р — colloidal solutionраство́р конта́ктов эл. — contact gapраство́р ко́нуса — opening of a coneкре́пкий раство́р — strong solutionма́точный раство́р — mother liquorмоля́рный раство́р — molar solutionмы́льный раство́р ( пенный) — sudsнача́льный раство́р хим. — feed (liquor), process feed, process materialнезамерза́ющий раство́р — non-freezing solutionненасы́щенный раство́р — non-saturated solutionнизкозамерза́ющий раство́р — antifreezing solutionобраща́ющий раство́р кфт. — reversing bathосвежа́ющий раство́р кфт. — replenisherостана́вливающий раство́р кфт. — stop bathотбе́ливающий раство́р — bleaching liquorотрабо́танный раство́р — spent solutionпенообразу́ющий раство́р — foam solutionраство́р по́сле извлече́ния це́нного проду́кта (напр. золота) — barren liquorраство́р, поступа́ющий на перерабо́тку (выпаривание, перегонку и т. п.) — feed, feed [process] liquor, process materialпропи́точный раство́р — impregnating solutionпропи́тывающий раство́р ( противогнилостный) — preservative fluidравнове́сный раство́р — equilibrium solutionраство́р ру́пора радио — flare of a hornсла́бый раство́р — weak solutionсолево́й раство́р — salt solutionспиртово́й раство́р — alcoholic solutionстрои́тельный раство́р — mortarста́вить бло́ки на строи́тельном раство́ре — bed blocks on a mortarстрои́тельный раство́р схва́тывается … — the mortar setsстрои́тельный, гидравли́ческий раство́р — hydraulic mortarстрои́тельный, гидроизоляцио́нный раство́р — waterproof mortarстрои́тельный, глиноцеме́нтный раство́р — clay-cement mortarстрои́тельный, жё́сткий раство́р — stiff mortarстрои́тельный, жи́дкий раство́р — grout(ing)строи́тельный, жи́рный раство́р — rich mortarстрои́тельный, зали́вочный раство́р — filling grout, grout fillerстрои́тельный, известко́вый раство́р — lime mortarстрои́тельный, кла́дочный раство́р — masonry mortarстрои́тельный, огнеупо́рный раство́р — fire clay [refractory] mortarстрои́тельный, то́щий раство́р — lean mortarтампона́жный раство́р горн. — grouting mortarтвё́рдый раство́р — solid solutionтвё́рдый раство́р внедре́ния — interstitial solid solutionтвё́рдый раство́р замеще́ния — substitution solid solution, solid solution by substitutionтитру́емый раство́р — titrateтитру́ющий раство́р — titration solution, titrantтони́рующий раство́р кфт. — tonerтрави́льный раство́р метал. — pickling solutionтра́вящий раство́р полигр. — etching solutionупа́ренный раство́р ( после завершающей стадии переработки) хим. — the productупа́риваемый раство́р хим. — (process) liquorфизиологи́ческий раство́р — physiological solutionштукату́рный раство́р — ( для внутренних поверхностей) plaster; ( для наружных поверхностей) stuccoщелочно́й раство́р — alkaline solution, alkaline liquorэвтекти́ческий раство́р — eutectic solutionэквивале́нтный раство́р — equivalent solutionэквимолекуля́рный раство́р — equimolecular solutionраство́р электроли́та — electrolytic solutionэтало́нный раство́р — standard solution -
9 характерный для
•The high spectral purity characteristic of laser light permits reduction of...
•The wet, salty soil common to the western states...
•The difficulty innate to all concepts of chemical regulation...
•This form of distortion is an inherent feature of all amplifiers.
•This is one of the difficulties accompanying the development of high-energy solid propellants.
•The spectrum indicates a chromophoric centre characteristic for conjugated...
•Characteristic of a fluidized process is the large pressure drop of...
•There are some dozens of lipids, each with this distinctive chemical pattern.
•Each of these different hydrates has its own distinctive X-ray diffraction pattern.
•The disadvantage inherent in these systems...
•Accidents peculiar to an explosives plant occur...
•Materials peculiar to this type of machine are used as...
Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > характерный для
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10 corrección
f.1 correction, editing, adjustment, amendment.2 correctness, refinement, good manners, correction.3 admonition, chastisement, punishment, correction.4 patch.* * *1 (rectificación) correction2 (educación) courtesy, correctness, politeness, good manners plural3 (reprensión) rebuke4 (en impresión) proofreading\tratar con corrección to be politecorrección de pruebas proofreading* * *noun f.* * *SF1) (=arreglo) correctioncorrección de pruebas — (Tip) proofreading
corrección por líneas — (Inform) line editing
2) (=censura) rebuke, reprimand; (=castigo) punishment3) (=perfección) correctness4) (=cortesía) courtesy, good manners* * *1)a) ( buenos modales)vestir con corrección — to dress correctly o properly
b) ( honestidad) correctnessc) ( propiedad)2)a) ( de exámenes) correctionb) (enmienda, rectificación) correction•* * *= amending, amendment, correction, correctness, emendation, correctiveness, propriety, rectification.Ex. Store permits the processing of the information that it contains, but, after processing, the data in the store differs from the initial content (for example, in the editing and amending of catalogue records).Ex. The headings consequently correspond to current American usage in both use of terms and spelling and often need amendment to make them consistent with local usage.Ex. Almost all papers, notes, reviews, corrections and correspondence published in many scientific and other journals contain citations to associated works.Ex. Only entries without cross-references and notes may be changed because the system cannot judge the correctness of the cross-references and notes for the changed entry.Ex. His largest group of intentional alterations consisted of 27 relatively minor emendations, mostly wrong-headed.Ex. Exuberance and enthusiasm are proper to the young, as Quintillian remarked: 'The young should be daring and inventive and should rejoice in their inventions, even though correctiveness and severity are still to be acquired'.Ex. Dissatisfaction is being expressed with the public library's feminised world of propriety and respectability.Ex. The advantages of viewing stock verification as stock rectification are discussed.----* corrección automática = machine-editing.* corrección de pruebas = proofreading, proof correction.* correcciones de autor = author's corrections.* corrección formal = elements of due process, due process, procedural justice.* corrección ortográfica = spell checking.* corrección política = political correctness.* departamento de corrección de menores = department of corrections.* función de corrección = editing function.* programa de corrección ortográfica = spelling correction program.* * *1)a) ( buenos modales)vestir con corrección — to dress correctly o properly
b) ( honestidad) correctnessc) ( propiedad)2)a) ( de exámenes) correctionb) (enmienda, rectificación) correction•* * *= amending, amendment, correction, correctness, emendation, correctiveness, propriety, rectification.Ex: Store permits the processing of the information that it contains, but, after processing, the data in the store differs from the initial content (for example, in the editing and amending of catalogue records).
Ex: The headings consequently correspond to current American usage in both use of terms and spelling and often need amendment to make them consistent with local usage.Ex: Almost all papers, notes, reviews, corrections and correspondence published in many scientific and other journals contain citations to associated works.Ex: Only entries without cross-references and notes may be changed because the system cannot judge the correctness of the cross-references and notes for the changed entry.Ex: His largest group of intentional alterations consisted of 27 relatively minor emendations, mostly wrong-headed.Ex: Exuberance and enthusiasm are proper to the young, as Quintillian remarked: 'The young should be daring and inventive and should rejoice in their inventions, even though correctiveness and severity are still to be acquired'.Ex: Dissatisfaction is being expressed with the public library's feminised world of propriety and respectability.Ex: The advantages of viewing stock verification as stock rectification are discussed.* corrección automática = machine-editing.* corrección de pruebas = proofreading, proof correction.* correcciones de autor = author's corrections.* corrección formal = elements of due process, due process, procedural justice.* corrección ortográfica = spell checking.* corrección política = political correctness.* departamento de corrección de menores = department of corrections.* función de corrección = editing function.* programa de corrección ortográfica = spelling correction program.* * *A1(buenos modales): es un hombre de una gran corrección he is very well-mannered o correctsiempre viste con corrección she always dresses very correctly o properlyse comportó con la corrección que lo caracteriza he behaved with characteristic good manners o correctness o decorum2 (honestidad) correctness3(propiedad): habla los dos idiomas con corrección he speaks both languages accurately o well o correctlyCompuesto:political correctnessB1 (de exámenes) correction2 (enmienda, rectificación) correctionCompuestos:proofreadingspell-checkingC ( Fin) tbcorrección bursátil correctionCompuesto:downward correction* * *
corrección sustantivo femenino
1a) ( buenos modales):◊ es un hombre de una gran corrección he is very well-mannered o correct;
vestir con corrección to dress correctly o properly
c) ( propiedad):◊ habla el francés con corrección he speaks French well o correctly
2 (de exámenes, errores) correction;
corrección sustantivo femenino
1 (rectificación) correction
2 (urbanidad) courtesy, politeness
' corrección' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
formalidad
- revisar
- proceder
- propiedad
English:
correction
- amendment
* * *corrección nf1. [de error] correction;[de examen] marking; [de texto] revision Informát corrección de color colour correction;corrección de pruebas proofreading2. [cambio, enmienda] correction;el texto sólo tenía tres correcciones the text only had three corrections3. [perfección] correctness4. [de comportamiento] courtesy;se comportó distantemente con nosotros pero con mucha corrección he was distant but very correct in the way he behaved towards uscorrección política political correctness5. [reprimenda] reprimand* * *f* * *corrección nf, pl - ciones1) : correction2) : correctness, propriety3) : rebuke, reprimand4)corrección de pruebas : proofreading* * *corrección n correction -
11 Mitscherlich, Alexander
SUBJECT AREA: Paper and printing[br]b. 28 May 1836 Berlin, Germanyd. 31 May 1918 Oberstdorf, Germany[br]German inventor of sulphite wood pulp for papermaking.[br]Mitscherlich had an impeccable scientific background; his father was the celebrated chemist Eilhardt Mitscherlich, discoverer of the law of isomorphism, and his godfather was Alexander von Humboldt. At first his progress at school failed to live up to this auspicious beginning and his father would only sanction higher studies if he first qualified as a teacher so as to assure a means of livelihood. Alexander rose to the occasion and went on to gain his doctorate at the age of 25 in the field of mineralogical chemistry. He worked for a few years as Assistant to the distinguished chemists Wöhler in Göttingen and Wurtz in Paris. On his father's death in 1863, he succeeded him as teacher of chemistry in the University of Berlin. In 1868 he accepted a post in the newly established Forest Academy in Hannoversch-Munden, teaching chemistry, physics and geology. The post offered little financial advantage, but it left him more time for research. It was there that he invented the process for producing sulphite wood pulp.The paper industry was seeking new raw materials. Since the 1840s pulp had been produced mechanically from wood, but it was unsuitable for making fine papers. From the mid-1860s several chemists began tackling the problem of separating the cellulose fibres from the other constituents of wood by chemical means. The American Benjamin C.Tilghman was granted patents in several countries for the treatment of wood with acid or bisulphite. Carl Daniel Ekman in Sweden and Karl Kellner in Austria also made sulphite pulp, but the credit for devising the process that came into general use belongs to Mitscherlich. His brother Oskar came to him at the Academy with plans for producing pulp by the action of soda, but the results were inferior, so Mitscherlich substituted calcium bisulphite and in the laboratory obtained good results. To extend this to a large-scale process, he was forced to set up his own mill, where he devised the characteristic towers for making the calcium bisulphite, in which water trickling down through packed lime met a rising current of sulphur dioxide. He was granted a patent in Luxembourg in 1874 and a German one four years later. The sulphite process did not make him rich, for there was considerable opposition to it; government objected to the smell of sulphur dioxide, forestry authorities were anxious about the inroads that might be made into the forests and his patents were contested. In 1883, with the support of an inheritance from his mother, Mitscherlich resigned his post at the Academy to devote more time to promoting his invention. In 1897 he at last succeeded in settling the patent disputes and achieving recognition as the inventor of sulphite pulp. Without this raw material, the paper industry could never have satisfied the insatiable appetite of the newspaper presses.[br]Further ReadingH.Voorn "Alexander Mitscherlich, inventor of sulphite wood pulp", Paper Maker 23(1): 41–4.LRDBiographical history of technology > Mitscherlich, Alexander
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12 уравнение
equation, formula* * *уравне́ние с.
equationуравне́ние ви́да … — an equation of the form …входи́ть в уравне́ние — appear in the equation, enter into the equationвыводи́ть уравне́ние — derive an equationзапи́сывать уравне́ние относи́тельно, напр. ста́ршей произво́дной — write an equation to solve for, e. g., the highest derivativeуравне́ние име́ет еди́нственное реше́ние — the equation has a unique solutionопро́бовать уравне́ние по о́пытным да́нным — check [test] an equation against experimental dataуравне́ние относи́тельно, напр. х — an equation in, e. g., xпо уравне́нию — according to the equationподбира́ть уравне́ние, напр. к гипотети́ческому механи́зму реа́кции — fit an equation, e. g., to a postulated reaction mechanismпревраща́ть уравне́ние в то́ждество — reduce an equation to an identityприводи́ть уравне́ние к сле́дующему ви́ду — reduce an equation to the following formуравне́ние, разреши́мое относи́тельно, напр. х — an equation solvable for, e. g., xразреши́ть уравне́ние относи́тельно, напр. ста́ршей произво́дной — re-write an equation to solve for, e. g., the highest derivative; re-write an equation with, e. g., the highest derivative (on the left-hand side)разреши́ть уравне́ние относи́тельно, напр. х — re-arrange an equation to solve for, e. g., xреша́ть уравне́ние относи́тельно, напр. х — solve the equation for, e. g., xреша́ть уравне́ния совме́стно — solve equations simultaneouslyреша́ть с по́мощью уравне́ния — solve by equationуравне́ние с одни́м неизве́стным — an equation in one unknownсоотве́тствовать уравне́нию — fit an equationсоставля́ть уравне́ние — formulate [form, set up, write] an equationуравне́ние сте́пени n — an equation of degree n [of the nth degree], an nth -degree equationтранспони́ровать уравне́ния — transpose equationsудовлетворя́ть уравне́нию — satisfy an equationуравне́ние адиаба́ты — adiabatic equationалгебраи́ческое уравне́ние — algebraic equationуравне́ние бала́нса — balance (equation)уравне́ние бари́ческой тенде́нции — tendency equationуравне́ние Берну́лли — Bernoulli's theoremбиквадра́тное уравне́ние — biquadratic, biquadratic [quartic] equationуравне́ние Бо́льцмана — Boltzmann equationуравне́ние Ван-дер-Ваа́льса — Van der Waals' equationвеково́е уравне́ние — secular equationве́кторное уравне́ние — vector equationуравне́ние в коне́чных ра́зностях — difference equationуравне́ние во́дного бала́нса — hydrologic [hydrolicity] equationволново́е уравне́ние — wave equationуравне́ние в по́лных дифференциа́лах — total [exact differential] equationуравне́ние второ́й сте́пени — quadratic [second-degree] equationуравне́ние Га́мильтона — canonical equation of motionуравне́ние Ги́ббса-Гельмго́льца — equation of maximum workуравне́ние горе́ния — combustion equationуравне́ние да́льности де́йствия рлк ста́нции, основно́е — (radar) range equationуравне́ние движе́ния — equation of motionуравне́ние движе́ния жи́дкости — flow equationуравне́ние дина́мики — equation of motion, dynamic(al) equationдиофа́нтово уравне́ние — Diophantine equationдифференциа́льное уравне́ние — differential equationдифференциа́льное уравне́ние в по́лных дифференциа́лах — exact (differential) equationдифференциа́льное уравне́ние второ́го поря́дка — second-order differential equationдифференциа́льное уравне́ние в ча́стных произво́дных — partial differential equationдифференциа́льное, обыкнове́нное уравне́ние — ordinary differential equationдифференциа́льное уравне́ние пе́рвого поря́дка — first-order differential equationдифференциа́льное, стохасти́ческое уравне́ние — stochastic differential equationдифференциа́льное уравне́ние управле́ния — control differential equationдифференциа́льно-ра́зностное уравне́ние — differential-difference equationуравне́ние диффу́зии — diffusion equationинтегра́льное уравне́ние — integral equationинтегра́льное уравне́ние пе́рвого ро́да — integral equation of the first kindинтегра́льное уравне́ние Фредхо́льма — Fredholm equationинтегродифференциа́льное уравне́ние — integro-differential equationисхо́дное уравне́ние — input [original] equationкалибро́вочно-инвариа́нтное уравне́ние — gauge-invariant equationканони́ческое уравне́ние — canonical equationквадра́тное уравне́ние — quadratic equationквадра́тное, непо́лное уравне́ние — pure quadratic (equation), incomplete quadratic (equation)квадра́тное, по́лное уравне́ние — affected quadratic (equation), general form of a quadratic equationуравне́ние кинети́ческое уравне́ние — rate [kinetic] equationуравне́ние Клапейро́на — Clapeyron equationуравне́ние коли́чества движе́ния — momentum equationконе́чно-дифференци́руемое уравне́ние — finitely differentiable equationуравне́ние ко́нтурных то́ков — mesh-current [loop-current] equationкуби́ческое уравне́ние — cubic equationлине́йное уравне́ние — linear equationуравне́ние стано́вится лине́йным относи́тельно, напр. вре́мени — the equation becomes linear in, e. g., timeлогарифми́ческое уравне́ние — logarithmic equationуравне́ние Ма́ксвелла — Maxwell's equationмасшта́бное уравне́ние вчт. — transformation equationматериа́льное уравне́ние элк. — constitutive relationма́тричное уравне́ние — matrix equationмаши́нное уравне́ние вчт. — machine equationуравне́ние n [m2]-го поря́дка — equation of the nth order, nth -order equationуравне́ние n [m2]-й сте́пени — nth -degree equation, equation of degree nнеодноро́дное уравне́ние — inhomogeneous [nonhomogeneous] equationнеопределё́нное уравне́ние — indeterminate equationуравне́ние непреры́вности — continuity equationнеприводи́мое уравне́ние — irreducible equationуравне́ние неразры́вности — continuity equationодноро́дное уравне́ние — homogeneous equationокисли́тельно-восстанови́тельное уравне́ние — oxidation-reducton equationопера́торное уравне́ние — operator equationосновно́е уравне́ние — basic equationуравне́ние параболи́ческого ти́па — parabolic equationпараметри́ческое уравне́ние — parametric equationуравне́ние пе́рвого поря́дка — first-order equationуравне́ние пе́рвой сте́пени — simple equationуравне́ние переме́нного то́ка — equation for an alternating currentуравне́ние перено́са — transport [transfer] equationуравне́ние пограни́чного сло́я — boundary-layer equationуравне́ние по́ля — field equationуравне́ние правдоподо́бия — likelihood equationуравне́ние преобразова́ния — transformation equationпрове́рочное уравне́ние ( на чётность) — parity(-check) equationуравне́ние прямо́й в отре́зках — intercept form of [for] the equation of a straight lineуравне́ние прямо́й с угловы́м коэффицие́нтом — slope-intercept form of [for] the equation of a straight lineуравне́ние Пуассо́на — adiabatic equationуравне́ние равнове́сия — equilibrium equationуравне́ние радиолока́ции, основно́е — radar equationуравне́ние радиолока́ции, основно́е, для свобо́дного простра́нства — free-space radar equationуравне́ние разме́рностей — dimensional equationра́зностное уравне́ние — difference equationуравне́ние регре́ссии — regression equationпроверя́ть уравне́ние регре́ссии на адеква́тность по крите́рию Фи́шера — test the adequacy [validity] of the regression equation on the basis of Fisher's variance ratioуравне́ние регули́руемого объе́кта автмт. — plant [process] equationрелятиви́стское уравне́ние — relativistic equationуравне́ние свя́зи — constraint equationскаля́рное уравне́ние — scalar equationскоростно́е уравне́ние — rate [kinetic] equationуравне́ние согласова́ния цвето́в — colour match equationсопряжё́нное уравне́ние — adjoint equationуравне́ние состоя́ния — equation of state, characteristic equationуравне́ние состоя́ния идеа́льного га́за — Clapeyron equationуравне́ние сохране́ния — conservation equationуравне́ние сохране́ния моме́нта коли́чества движе́ния — angular momentum [moment-of-momentum] equationуравне́ние сохране́ния эне́ргии — energy equationуравне́ние с разделя́ющими(ся) переме́нными — equation with variables separable, separable equationуравне́ние сте́пени n — an equation of degree n, an nth -degree equation, an equation of the nth degreeстепенно́е уравне́ние — exponential equationстехиометри́ческое уравне́ние — stoichiometric equationтелегра́фное уравне́ние — telegraphers equationте́нзорное уравне́ние — tensor equationуравне́ние теплово́го бала́нса — heat balance equationуравне́ние теплопрово́дности — heat [heat conduction, heat transfer] equationуравне́ние тече́ния — flow equationто́чное уравне́ние — exact equationуравне́ние траекто́рии — path equationтрансценде́нтное уравне́ние — transcendental equationтригонометри́ческое уравне́ние — trigonometric equationуравне́ние узловы́х потенциа́лов эл. — nodal-voltage equationфункциона́льное уравне́ние — functional equationхарактеристи́ческое уравне́ние — characteristic equationхими́ческое уравне́ние — chemical equationуравне́ние хо́да луче́й опт. — ray-tracing equationцветово́е уравне́ние — trichromatic equationуравне́ние Шре́дингера — Schrцdinger (wave) equationуравне́ние Э́йлера для тре́ния кана́та по цили́ндру — capstan equationуравне́ние Эйнште́йна для вне́шнего фотоэффе́кта — Einstein photoelectric equationэллипти́ческое уравне́ние — elliptic(al) equationэмпири́ческое уравне́ние — empirical equation -
13 характерный для
Характерный для - characteristic of, representative of, typical of, indicative of; specific to, relevant to, inherent to, peculiar to; unique to (только для)The graph has the form characteristic of an S-N curve.It is generally assumed that the sample selected is representative of the entire surface.These two sets of data show the trend of f decreasing with Re that is typical of flow in smooth ducts.However, the unconverged results were highly indicative of the real problem as they indicated early separation.The results reported here are undoubtedly specific to the combustion configuration employed.In the main, tests have been at 750, 830, 900, and 1000°C temperatures which are relevant to operating conditions in engines in service.The absence of oxide inclusions inherent to the low-pressure plasma-coating process has produced an extremely fine uniform distribution of Al, Cr, and Y.Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > характерный для
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14 tango
m.tango.* * *1 tango* * *SM tango* * *masculino tango* * *= tango.Ex. Like the tango, the e-journal publishing process must blend technical virtuosity with imaginative creativity.* * *masculino tango* * *= tango.Ex: Like the tango, the e-journal publishing process must blend technical virtuosity with imaginative creativity.
* * *tango* * *
Del verbo tangar: ( conjugate tangar)
tango es:
1ª persona singular (yo) presente indicativo
tangó es:
3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) pretérito indicativo
tango sustantivo masculino
tango;
tango sustantivo masculino tango
' tango' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
marcarse
- poema
- bailar
English:
tango
- dance
* * *tango nm1. [argentino] tango;bailar tango to (dance the) tango2. [flamenco] tango flamencoTANGOTango music and dance had its origins in the poor quarters of Buenos Aires in the late nineteenth century. It sprang from the interaction between local rhythms, including Afro-Cuban elements, and the European influences brought by immigrants, especially from Spain and Italy. In its early stages, tango was rooted in the working-class life of Buenos Aires, just like “lunfardo”, the linguistic melting pot that is the dialect of tango culture. Tango later gained wider acceptance, especially after it was developed into a ballroom dance in Paris, and it was popularized in songs dealing with the life and loves of the common man, and the ups and downs of city life. The greatest singer of these songs was Carlos Gardel (1890-1935), who also starred in numerous tango-themed films. Astor Piazzolla (1921-92) was one of the most outstanding players of the “bandoneón”, the accordion so characteristic of tango music. Among women singers, Tita Merello (1904-2002) was remarkable for the feisty defiance of her songs. The tango, in its many manifestations, is the living portrait of the River Plate area in general, and of Buenos Aires and its people in particular.* * *m tango* * *tango nm: tango -
15 процесс
в процессе взлетаduring takeoffв процессе полета1. in flight2. while in flight в процессе руленияwhile taxiingгрубая ошибка в процессе полетаin flight blunderизмерение шума в процессе летных испытанийflight test noise measurementлетать по приборам в процессе тренировокfly under screenобслуживание в процессе стоянкиstanding operationобучение в процессе полетовflying trainingожидание в процессе полетаhold en-routeприспособление для захвата объектов в процессе полетаflight pick-up equipmentпроверка в процессе облетаflyby checkпроцесс набора высотыascendingпроцесс отбора мощностиpower taking-offпроцесс отбортовкиbeadingпроцесс сбораcollection processпроцесс сваливанияdevelopment of the stallпроцесс сгоранияcombustion processразворот в процессе планированияgliding turnразрешение в процессе полета по маршрутуen-route clearanceхарактеристика процесса горенияcombustion characteristic -
16 важный
•This inertness is the most salient characteristic of the DNA molecule.
•A critical question...
•The spectrophotometer is a key element in the process.
•Whenever dyeing is a paramount requirement...
•A major application of the high vacuum environment is in the design of vacuum tubes.
•A vital part of the magnetron is the permanent magnet.
•This approach is of significance despite the complexity of...
* * *Важный -- important; significant, considerable; relevant (актуальный); major (главный)—менее важные факторы, влияющие наРусско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > важный
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17 важный
•This inertness is the most salient characteristic of the DNA molecule.
•A critical question...
•The spectrophotometer is a key element in the process.
•Whenever dyeing is a paramount requirement...
•A major application of the high vacuum environment is in the design of vacuum tubes.
•A vital part of the magnetron is the permanent magnet.
•This approach is of significance despite the complexity of...
Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > важный
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18 получать название
•Hence, axb is not a true vector and therefore is given the title pseudovector.
•Alberite derives (or takes, or gets) its name from the Albert Mines.
•Alkaloids draw their name from a variety of sources.
•A cyanoethyl group on gave the process the name cyanoethylation.
•Apophyllite exfoliates when heated, is losing water, and is named from this characteristic.
•Borite thus received the name Bologna stone.
•The experimental tests of baryon-number conservation have come to be known as proton-decay experiments.
Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > получать название
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19 тот или иной
•By the application of one or other type of grinding process, it should be possible to complete...
•This excites one or another of the natural modes of vibration.
•The maximum rate of change of a particular characteristic of the orbit...
•In order to remove a specified (or specific) particle to infinity,...
•Molten lava being erupted from one volcano or another solidifies into...
•In some situations one or the other of these agencies predominates, but more usually both operate together.
Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > тот или иной
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20 сходимость
convergence, ( нити с паковки) unwinding characteristic, ( результатов измерений) precision* * *сходи́мость ж. мат.
convergence, convergencyзамедля́ть или ускоря́ть сходи́мость проце́сса итера́ции — cause the iteration (process) to converge slowly or quicklyиссле́довать (ряд) на сходи́мость — test [examine] (a series) for convergenceсходи́мость в сре́днем — convergence in the meanсходи́мость по вероя́тности — convergence in probabilityсходи́мость по ме́ре — convergence in measure* * *
- 1
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См. также в других словарях:
Process theology — is a school of thought influenced by the metaphysical process philosophy of Alfred North Whitehead (1861–1947) and further developed by Charles Hartshorne (1897–2000). While there are process theologies that are similar, but unrelated to the work … Wikipedia
Process capability index — In process improvement efforts, the process capability index or process capability ratio is a statistical measure of process capability: The ability of a process to produce output within specification limits.[1] The concept of process capability… … Wikipedia
Characteristic function (probability theory) — The characteristic function of a uniform U(–1,1) random variable. This function is real valued because it corresponds to a random variable that is symmetric around the origin; however in general case characteristic functions may be complex valued … Wikipedia
Process — In anatomy, a process is a projection from a structure. The process of the mandible is the part of the lower jaw that projects forward. In a more general sense, a process is a series of actions or events that are part of a system or of a… … Medical dictionary
Characteristic earthquakes — Almost all geology is fractal and scale invariant. That means you should always put in a scale when taking pictures of rock formations. For example, in this picture, you can’t tell if it is 6 m or 6 km across. It’s actually an ASTER satellite… … Wikipedia
Characteristic set — The mathematical concept of a characteristic set was discovered in the late forties by J.F. Ritt. Besides Gröbner basis method, it provides an alternative algorithmic way for solving multivariate polynomial equations or differential equations.In… … Wikipedia
Characteristic based product configurator — A characteristic based product configurator is a product configurator extension which uses a set of discrete variables, called characteristics (or features), to define all the possible product variations. The characteristics There are two… … Wikipedia
Business process — A business process or business method is a collection of related, structured activities or tasks that produce a specific service or product (serve a particular goal) for a particular customer or customers. It often can be visualized with a… … Wikipedia
Wu's method of characteristic set — Wenjun Wu s method is an algorithm for solving multivariate polynomial equations introduced in the late 1970s by the Chinese mathematician Wen Tsun Wu. This method is based on the mathematical concept of characteristic set introduced in the late… … Wikipedia
Euler characteristic — ▪ mathematics in mathematics, a number, C, that is a topological characteristic of various classes of geometric figures based only on a relationship between the numbers of vertices (V), edges (E), and faces (F) of a geometric figure. This… … Universalium
Coldry Process — is a coal upgrading technology developed in Victoria, Australia by Environmental Clean Technologies Limited[1] to specifically beneficiate low rank brown coal (lignite) and sub bituminous coal by removing natural high moisture content and certain … Wikipedia