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1 private security firm
1) Общая лексика: частное охранное предприятие2) Сокращение: чоп (частное охранное предприятие)3) Деловая лексика: частная страховая фирма -
2 private security firm
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3 private security firm
частное охранное предприятие, ЧОП -
4 private security firm
приватна охоронна ( або страхова) фірма -
5 PSF (private security firm)
Сокращение: ЧОП (частное охранное предприятие)Универсальный англо-русский словарь > PSF (private security firm)
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6 private
1) приватна особа як сторона в судовому процесі; військ. рядовий (ім.)2) приватний; особистий; приватновласницький; приватноправовий; таємний, секретний, конфіденційний, який не підлягає розголосу; неофіційний; закритий ( про засідання); який не обіймає офіційної посади, який не перебуває на державній службі•- private actprivate correctional facilities — засоби виправного впливу, що застосовуються приватним чином
- private address
- private agent
- private agreement
- private arrangement
- private alley
- private amnesty
- private applicant
- private arbitration
- private argument
- private assets
- private attorney
- private authorization
- private bank
- private bill
- private body
- private boundary
- private business
- private capacity
- private carrier
- private cause
- private charge
- private citizen
- private company
- private corporation
- private correctional facility
- private correspondence
- private counsel
- private criminal investigation
- private criminal procedure
- private customs warehouse
- private data
- private deed
- private defence
- private defense
- private detective
- private detective agency
- private document
- private easement
- private effects
- private entrepreneur
- private enterprise
- private entity
- private examination
- private execution
- private eye
- private fee
- private foundation
- private fund
- private immorality
- private immunity
- private individual
- private industry
- private injunctive relief
- private institution
- private instrument
- private interest
- private international law
- private investigation
- private investigator
- private joint-stock company
- private land
- private landowner
- private law
- private law enforcement
- private law firm
- private law practice
- private lawyer
- private liberty
- private life
- private life of an individual
- private limitation
- private meeting
- private member
- private member's bill
- private mortgage deed
- private nuisance
- private organization
- private owner
- private-owner
- private ownership
- private ownership of a prison
- private papers
- private party
- private penal action
- private pension fund
- private person
- private place
- private police
- private policing
- private possession
- private possession of handguns
- private practice
- private practice of law
- private premises
- private prison
- private property
- private property in wartime
- private prosecution
- private prosecutor
- private protection agency
- private reformatory
- private reimbursement
- private relations
- private representation
- private residence
- private revenge
- private rights
- private seal
- private sector
- private security
- private security firm
- private security system
- private servitude
- private shelter
- private sitting
- private sphere of a person
- private tort
- private treaty
- private use
- private vengeance
- private victim
- private war
- private wrong
- private wrongs -
7 firm
[̈ɪfə:m]affiliated firm включенная в качестве филиала фирма banking firm банк bartering firm фирма, заключающая бартерные сделки firm крепкий, твердый; firm ground суша; to be on firm ground чувствовать твердую почву под ногами; чувствовать себя уверенно bogus firm фиктивная фирма business firm торговая фирма business firm торгово-промышленная фирма business firm торговый дом buy a firm приобретать фирму capital transacting firm фирма, ведущая операции с капиталом civil engineering firm гражданское строительство civil engineering firm строительная фирма cliffhanger firm конкурирующая фирма commercial firm торговая компания conditional sale firm фирма, ведущая условную продажу construction firm строительная компания firm компания firm крепкий, твердый; firm ground суша; to be on firm ground чувствовать твердую почву под ногами; чувствовать себя уверенно firm постоянный firm решительный; настойчивый; firm measures решительные меры firm твердый, крепкий firm твердый firm твердо, крепко firm товарищество firm торговый дом firm укреплять(ся); уплотнять(ся); to firm the ground after planting утрамбовать землю после посадки растений firm укреплять firm устойчивый; стойкий, непоколебимый; firm step твердая поступь; firm prices устойчивые цены; (as) firm as a rock твердый или неподвижный как скала firm устойчивый firm фирма, торговый дом; long firm компания мошенников firm фирма firm фирменное наименование firm устойчивый; стойкий, непоколебимый; firm step твердая поступь; firm prices устойчивые цены; (as) firm as a rock твердый или неподвижный как скала firm крепкий, твердый; firm ground суша; to be on firm ground чувствовать твердую почву под ногами; чувствовать себя уверенно firm решительный; настойчивый; firm measures решительные меры firm of accountants ревизорская фирма firm of attorneys адвокатская контора firm of auditors аудиторская фирма firm of auditors ревизорская фирма firm of bankers банковская фирма firm of solicitors адвокатская контора firm of solicitors адвокатская фирма firm of stockbrokers фирма фондовых брокеров firm of translators переводческая фирма firm устойчивый; стойкий, непоколебимый; firm step твердая поступь; firm prices устойчивые цены; (as) firm as a rock твердый или неподвижный как скала firm устойчивый; стойкий, непоколебимый; firm step твердая поступь; firm prices устойчивые цены; (as) firm as a rock твердый или неподвижный как скала firm укреплять(ся); уплотнять(ся); to firm the ground after planting утрамбовать землю после посадки растений furniture removal firm фирма по перевозке мебели heavy goods firm фирма, изготавливающая крупногабаритные изделия import firm импортирующая фирма law firm адвокатская фирма law firm контора адвокатов law firm юридическая фирма firm фирма, торговый дом; long firm компания мошенников mail-order firm компания посылочной торговли multiunit firm фирма с несколькими отделениями on firm за счет фирмы original firm главная фирма parent firm фирма, владеющая контрольным пакетом другой корпорации; фирма-учредитель personally owned firm фирма, находящаяся в личном владении principal firm основная фирма private security firm частная страховая фирма publishing firm издательская фирма removal firm транспортная фирма rival firm конкурирующая фирма sales firm сбытовая фирма securities firm фирма, ведущая операции с ценными бумагами security firm фирма, ведущая операции с ценными бумагами shipping firm судостроительная фирма shipping firm судоходная фирма single-unit firm компания, владеющая одним предриятием stockbroking firm фирма, ведущая операции с фондовыми ценностями trading firm торговая фирма wholesale firm оптовая фирма -
8 firm
1. n1) фирма; предприятие2) брит. полиц. жарг. "фирма" ( банда преступников)•- blue chip firmto found / to set up a firm — основывать / открывать фирму
- business firm
- commercial firm
- contracting firm
- dominant firm
- failed firm
- government firm
- independent firm
- industrial firm
- international firm
- joint firm
- joint public-private firm
- law firm
- leading firm
- loss-making firm
- military-industrial firm
- multimarket firm
- multinational firm
- private security firm
- research firm
- research-and-development firm
- state-owned firm
- subsidiary firm
- supplying firm
- trading firm 2. a 3. vповышаться (о курсе акций, валют) -
9 firm
̈ɪfə:m I сущ. фирма а) слово, которым в юридической и финансовой документации обозначается организация, о которой составляется документ б) торговый дом, компания, предприятие to manage, operate, run a firm ≈ управлять фирмой to establish a firm ≈ основать фирму advertising firm ≈ рекламная фирма business firm ≈ коммерческая компания manufacturing firm ≈ производственное предприятие shipping firm ≈ судоходная компания II
1. прил.
1) крепкий, прочный, твердый to be on firm ground ≈ чувствовать твердую почву под ногами;
чувствовать себя уверенно Syn: strong, solid
2) а) устойчивый, зафиксированный( о положении предмета в пространстве) Syn: steady, stable б) фин. конкурентоспособный, устойчивый The pound was firm against the dollar. ≈ Курс фунта был устойчив по отношению к доллару. Syn: competitive
3) учрежденный, принятый( о положении, законе и т.д.) Syn: fixed, settled, established
4) о человеке а) непоколебимый, непреклонный, решительный It is my firm belief. ≈ Я свято верю в это. (Моя вера в это непоколебима.) Syn: constant, steadfast;
unflinching, unshaken, unwavering;
resolute, determined, wilful б) строгий( with) firm with the children ≈ строг к детям Syn: strict
2. нареч. крепко, твердо Syn: fixedly, steadfastly
3. гл.
1) а) сжимать(ся), натягивать(ся) (тж. firm up) Syn: tighten б) уплотнять, утрамбовывать (напр., землю)
2) приводить в порядок, улаживать;
окончательно устанавливать to firm a contract ≈ установить контакт to firm up plans ≈ утвердить план Syn: settle
3) укреплять (оказывать дополнительную поддержку) Syn: strengthen фирма;
торговый дом > long * компания мошенников, закупающих товары в кредит от имени несуществующей фирмы твердый - * ground суша - to be on * ground чувствовать твердую почву под ногами, чувствовать себя уверенно - * flesh упругое тело крепкий, прочный, устойчивый - * foundation прочный фундамент, прочное основание - * nerves крепкие нервы - a * seat in the saddle устойчивая посадка в седле - roots * in the earth корни, крепко сидящие в земле - to be * on one's legs крепко держаться на ногах - to walk with a * tread идти уверенной походкой твердый, неизменный - * prices твердые цены - * power (американизм) обеспеченная мощность электростанции твердый, непоколебимый, нерушимый, верный (своим убеждениям) - * conviction твердое убеждение - * faith /belief/ твердая вера - * friends верные друзья решительный, настойчивый - * measures решительные меры - * treatment of children строгое обращение с детьми - * chin упрямый подбородок - * offer окончательное предложение - to look * иметь непреклонный вид - to take a * hold of smth. взять что-л. в свои руки > to rule with a * hand править твердой рукой > to be as * as a rock быть твердым, как скала;
не поддаваться искушениям крепко, твердо, прочно, неизменно - to stand * стоять прочно (тж. перен.) - to hold * to smth. крепко держаться за что-л., прочно придерживаться чего-л. укреплять;
уплотнять - to * the soil уплотнять почву - to * the ground after planting утрамбовывать землю после посадки растений укрепляться;
уплотняться (тж. * up) застывать - the jelly *ed quickly желе быстро застыло замораживать (цены и т. п.;
тж. * up) - we must act to * the prices up мы должны принять меры к тому, чтобы сохранить прежний уровень цен affiliated ~ включенная в качестве филиала фирма banking ~ банк bartering ~ фирма, заключающая бартерные сделки ~ крепкий, твердый;
firm ground суша;
to be on firm ground чувствовать твердую почву под ногами;
чувствовать себя уверенно bogus ~ фиктивная фирма business ~ торговая фирма business ~ торгово-промышленная фирма business ~ торговый дом buy a ~ приобретать фирму capital transacting ~ фирма, ведущая операции с капиталом civil engineering ~ гражданское строительство civil engineering ~ строительная фирма cliffhanger ~ конкурирующая фирма commercial ~ торговая компания conditional sale ~ фирма, ведущая условную продажу construction ~ строительная компания firm компания ~ крепкий, твердый;
firm ground суша;
to be on firm ground чувствовать твердую почву под ногами;
чувствовать себя уверенно ~ постоянный ~ решительный;
настойчивый;
firm measures решительные меры ~ твердый, крепкий ~ твердый ~ твердо, крепко ~ товарищество ~ торговый дом ~ укреплять(ся) ;
уплотнять(ся) ;
to firm the ground after planting утрамбовать землю после посадки растений ~ укреплять ~ устойчивый;
стойкий, непоколебимый;
firm step твердая поступь;
firm prices устойчивые цены;
(as) firm as a rock твердый или неподвижный как скала ~ устойчивый ~ фирма, торговый дом;
long firm компания мошенников ~ фирма ~ фирменное наименование ~ устойчивый;
стойкий, непоколебимый;
firm step твердая поступь;
firm prices устойчивые цены;
(as) firm as a rock твердый или неподвижный как скала ~ крепкий, твердый;
firm ground суша;
to be on firm ground чувствовать твердую почву под ногами;
чувствовать себя уверенно ~ решительный;
настойчивый;
firm measures решительные меры ~ of accountants ревизорская фирма ~ of attorneys адвокатская контора ~ of auditors аудиторская фирма ~ of auditors ревизорская фирма ~ of bankers банковская фирма ~ of solicitors адвокатская контора ~ of solicitors адвокатская фирма ~ of stockbrokers фирма фондовых брокеров ~ of translators переводческая фирма ~ устойчивый;
стойкий, непоколебимый;
firm step твердая поступь;
firm prices устойчивые цены;
(as) firm as a rock твердый или неподвижный как скала ~ устойчивый;
стойкий, непоколебимый;
firm step твердая поступь;
firm prices устойчивые цены;
(as) firm as a rock твердый или неподвижный как скала ~ укреплять(ся) ;
уплотнять(ся) ;
to firm the ground after planting утрамбовать землю после посадки растений furniture removal ~ фирма по перевозке мебели heavy goods ~ фирма, изготавливающая крупногабаритные изделия import ~ импортирующая фирма law ~ адвокатская фирма law ~ контора адвокатов law ~ юридическая фирма ~ фирма, торговый дом;
long firm компания мошенников mail-order ~ компания посылочной торговли multiunit ~ фирма с несколькими отделениями on ~ за счет фирмы original ~ главная фирма parent ~ фирма, владеющая контрольным пакетом другой корпорации;
фирма-учредитель personally owned ~ фирма, находящаяся в личном владении principal ~ основная фирма private security ~ частная страховая фирма publishing ~ издательская фирма removal ~ транспортная фирма rival ~ конкурирующая фирма sales ~ сбытовая фирма securities ~ фирма, ведущая операции с ценными бумагами security ~ фирма, ведущая операции с ценными бумагами shipping ~ судостроительная фирма shipping ~ судоходная фирма single-unit ~ компания, владеющая одним предриятием stockbroking ~ фирма, ведущая операции с фондовыми ценностями trading ~ торговая фирма wholesale ~ оптовая фирма -
10 PSF
1) Компьютерная техника: Pc Screen Font2) Авиация: Passenger Service Fee (see http://www.snowwhitetours.com.bt/flightinfo.htm)3) Американизм: Political Survival Fund4) Военный термин: Panama Sea Frontier, Payload Signaling Field, Process Support Facilities, processing and storage facility, production sharing formula, public security force5) Техника: personnel security file, plutonium storage facility, poolside facility, porous silicon film, positive spatial frequency6) Строительство: Pipe Support Foundation (фундамент опоры трубопровода)7) Религия: Presbyterian Student Fellowship8) Оптика: point spread function9) Сокращение: Point-Spread Function, Popular Struggle Front (for liberation of Palestine), Postal Service Fund (under PAEA), Provisional Sinn Fein, pound-force per square foot, (private security firm) ЧОП (частное охранное предприятие)10) Вычислительная техника: permanent swap file, Print Services Facility (IBM), Point Spread Function (Space), Python Software Foundation (organization, Python)11) Целлюлозно-бумажная промышленность: (Plug Screw Feeder) напорный шнековый питатель12) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: Production Support Facilities (WP&B)13) Образование: Priority Schools Funding14) Сетевые технологии: Progressive Segmented Frame15) Полимеры: polysulfone16) Океанография: Program Support Facility17) Авиационная медицина: performance shaping factor18) Расширение файла: Palette Storage Format, Outline PostScript printer font (ChiWriter)19) Военно-политический термин: Peace Support Forces20) Аэропорты: Pittsfield, Massachusetts USA21) Общая лексика: Power Steering Fluid (жидкость для гидроусилителя руля) -
11 psf
1) Компьютерная техника: Pc Screen Font2) Авиация: Passenger Service Fee (see http://www.snowwhitetours.com.bt/flightinfo.htm)3) Американизм: Political Survival Fund4) Военный термин: Panama Sea Frontier, Payload Signaling Field, Process Support Facilities, processing and storage facility, production sharing formula, public security force5) Техника: personnel security file, plutonium storage facility, poolside facility, porous silicon film, positive spatial frequency6) Строительство: Pipe Support Foundation (фундамент опоры трубопровода)7) Религия: Presbyterian Student Fellowship8) Оптика: point spread function9) Сокращение: Point-Spread Function, Popular Struggle Front (for liberation of Palestine), Postal Service Fund (under PAEA), Provisional Sinn Fein, pound-force per square foot, (private security firm) ЧОП (частное охранное предприятие)10) Вычислительная техника: permanent swap file, Print Services Facility (IBM), Point Spread Function (Space), Python Software Foundation (organization, Python)11) Целлюлозно-бумажная промышленность: (Plug Screw Feeder) напорный шнековый питатель12) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: Production Support Facilities (WP&B)13) Образование: Priority Schools Funding14) Сетевые технологии: Progressive Segmented Frame15) Полимеры: polysulfone16) Океанография: Program Support Facility17) Авиационная медицина: performance shaping factor18) Расширение файла: Palette Storage Format, Outline PostScript printer font (ChiWriter)19) Военно-политический термин: Peace Support Forces20) Аэропорты: Pittsfield, Massachusetts USA21) Общая лексика: Power Steering Fluid (жидкость для гидроусилителя руля) -
12 near cash
!гос. фин. The resource budget contains a separate control total for “near cash” expenditure, that is expenditure such as pay and current grants which impacts directly on the measure of the golden rule.This paper provides background information on the framework for the planning and control of public expenditure in the UK which has been operated since the 1998 Comprehensive Spending Review (CSR). It sets out the different classifications of spending for budgeting purposes and why these distinctions have been adopted. It discusses how the public expenditure framework is designed to ensure both sound public finances and an outcome-focused approach to public expenditure.The UK's public spending framework is based on several key principles:"consistency with a long-term, prudent and transparent regime for managing the public finances as a whole;" "the judgement of success by policy outcomes rather than resource inputs;" "strong incentives for departments and their partners in service delivery to plan over several years and plan together where appropriate so as to deliver better public services with greater cost effectiveness; and"the proper costing and management of capital assets to provide the right incentives for public investment.The Government sets policy to meet two firm fiscal rules:"the Golden Rule states that over the economic cycle, the Government will borrow only to invest and not to fund current spending; and"the Sustainable Investment Rule states that net public debt as a proportion of GDP will be held over the economic cycle at a stable and prudent level. Other things being equal, net debt will be maintained below 40 per cent of GDP over the economic cycle.Achievement of the fiscal rules is assessed by reference to the national accounts, which are produced by the Office for National Statistics, acting as an independent agency. The Government sets its spending envelope to comply with these fiscal rules.Departmental Expenditure Limits ( DEL) and Annually Managed Expenditure (AME)"Departmental Expenditure Limit ( DEL) spending, which is planned and controlled on a three year basis in Spending Reviews; and"Annually Managed Expenditure ( AME), which is expenditure which cannot reasonably be subject to firm, multi-year limits in the same way as DEL. AME includes social security benefits, local authority self-financed expenditure, debt interest, and payments to EU institutions.More information about DEL and AME is set out below.In Spending Reviews, firm DEL plans are set for departments for three years. To ensure consistency with the Government's fiscal rules departments are set separate resource (current) and capital budgets. The resource budget contains a separate control total for “near cash” expenditure, that is expenditure such as pay and current grants which impacts directly on the measure of the golden rule.To encourage departments to plan over the medium term departments may carry forward unspent DEL provision from one year into the next and, subject to the normal tests for tautness and realism of plans, may be drawn down in future years. This end-year flexibility also removes any incentive for departments to use up their provision as the year end approaches with less regard to value for money. For the full benefits of this flexibility and of three year plans to feed through into improved public service delivery, end-year flexibility and three year budgets should be cascaded from departments to executive agencies and other budget holders.Three year budgets and end-year flexibility give those managing public services the stability to plan their operations on a sensible time scale. Further, the system means that departments cannot seek to bid up funds each year (before 1997, three year plans were set and reviewed in annual Public Expenditure Surveys). So the credibility of medium-term plans has been enhanced at both central and departmental level.Departments have certainty over the budgetary allocation over the medium term and these multi-year DEL plans are strictly enforced. Departments are expected to prioritise competing pressures and fund these within their overall annual limits, as set in Spending Reviews. So the DEL system provides a strong incentive to control costs and maximise value for money.There is a small centrally held DEL Reserve. Support from the Reserve is available only for genuinely unforeseeable contingencies which departments cannot be expected to manage within their DEL.AME typically consists of programmes which are large, volatile and demand-led, and which therefore cannot reasonably be subject to firm multi-year limits. The biggest single element is social security spending. Other items include tax credits, Local Authority Self Financed Expenditure, Scottish Executive spending financed by non-domestic rates, and spending financed from the proceeds of the National Lottery.AME is reviewed twice a year as part of the Budget and Pre-Budget Report process reflecting the close integration of the tax and benefit system, which was enhanced by the introduction of tax credits.AME is not subject to the same three year expenditure limits as DEL, but is still part of the overall envelope for public expenditure. Affordability is taken into account when policy decisions affecting AME are made. The Government has committed itself not to take policy measures which are likely to have the effect of increasing social security or other elements of AME without taking steps to ensure that the effects of those decisions can be accommodated prudently within the Government's fiscal rules.Given an overall envelope for public spending, forecasts of AME affect the level of resources available for DEL spending. Cautious estimates and the AME margin are built in to these AME forecasts and reduce the risk of overspending on AME.Together, DEL plus AME sum to Total Managed Expenditure (TME). TME is a measure drawn from national accounts. It represents the current and capital spending of the public sector. The public sector is made up of central government, local government and public corporations.Resource and Capital Budgets are set in terms of accruals information. Accruals information measures resources as they are consumed rather than when the cash is paid. So for example the Resource Budget includes a charge for depreciation, a measure of the consumption or wearing out of capital assets."Non cash charges in budgets do not impact directly on the fiscal framework. That may be because the national accounts use a different way of measuring the same thing, for example in the case of the depreciation of departmental assets. Or it may be that the national accounts measure something different: for example, resource budgets include a cost of capital charge reflecting the opportunity cost of holding capital; the national accounts include debt interest."Within the Resource Budget DEL, departments have separate controls on:"Near cash spending, the sub set of Resource Budgets which impacts directly on the Golden Rule; and"The amount of their Resource Budget DEL that departments may spend on running themselves (e.g. paying most civil servants’ salaries) is limited by Administration Budgets, which are set in Spending Reviews. Administration Budgets are used to ensure that as much money as practicable is available for front line services and programmes. These budgets also help to drive efficiency improvements in departments’ own activities. Administration Budgets exclude the costs of frontline services delivered directly by departments.The Budget preceding a Spending Review sets an overall envelope for public spending that is consistent with the fiscal rules for the period covered by the Spending Review. In the Spending Review, the Budget AME forecast for year one of the Spending Review period is updated, and AME forecasts are made for the later years of the Spending Review period.The 1998 Comprehensive Spending Review ( CSR), which was published in July 1998, was a comprehensive review of departmental aims and objectives alongside a zero-based analysis of each spending programme to determine the best way of delivering the Government's objectives. The 1998 CSR allocated substantial additional resources to the Government's key priorities, particularly education and health, for the three year period from 1999-2000 to 2001-02.Delivering better public services does not just depend on how much money the Government spends, but also on how well it spends it. Therefore the 1998 CSR introduced Public Service Agreements (PSAs). Each major government department was given its own PSA setting out clear targets for achievements in terms of public service improvements.The 1998 CSR also introduced the DEL/ AME framework for the control of public spending, and made other framework changes. Building on the investment and reforms delivered by the 1998 CSR, successive spending reviews in 2000, 2002 and 2004 have:"provided significant increase in resources for the Government’s priorities, in particular health and education, and cross-cutting themes such as raising productivity; extending opportunity; and building strong and secure communities;" "enabled the Government significantly to increase investment in public assets and address the legacy of under investment from past decades. Departmental Investment Strategies were introduced in SR2000. As a result there has been a steady increase in public sector net investment from less than ¾ of a per cent of GDP in 1997-98 to 2¼ per cent of GDP in 2005-06, providing better infrastructure across public services;" "introduced further refinements to the performance management framework. PSA targets have been reduced in number over successive spending reviews from around 300 to 110 to give greater focus to the Government’s highest priorities. The targets have become increasingly outcome-focused to deliver further improvements in key areas of public service delivery across Government. They have also been refined in line with the conclusions of the Devolving Decision Making Review to provide a framework which encourages greater devolution and local flexibility. Technical Notes were introduced in SR2000 explaining how performance against each PSA target will be measured; and"not only allocated near cash spending to departments, but also – since SR2002 - set Resource DEL plans for non cash spending.To identify what further investments and reforms are needed to equip the UK for the global challenges of the decade ahead, on 19 July 2005 the Chief Secretary to the Treasury announced that the Government intends to launch a second Comprehensive Spending Review (CSR) reporting in 2007.A decade on from the first CSR, the 2007 CSR will represent a long-term and fundamental review of government expenditure. It will cover departmental allocations for 2008-09, 2009-10 and 2010 11. Allocations for 2007-08 will be held to the agreed figures already announced by the 2004 Spending Review. To provide a rigorous analytical framework for these departmental allocations, the Government will be taking forward a programme of preparatory work over 2006 involving:"an assessment of what the sustained increases in spending and reforms to public service delivery have achieved since the first CSR. The assessment will inform the setting of new objectives for the decade ahead;" "an examination of the key long-term trends and challenges that will shape the next decade – including demographic and socio-economic change, globalisation, climate and environmental change, global insecurity and technological change – together with an assessment of how public services will need to respond;" "to release the resources needed to address these challenges, and to continue to secure maximum value for money from public spending over the CSR period, a set of zero-based reviews of departments’ baseline expenditure to assess its effectiveness in delivering the Government’s long-term objectives; together with"further development of the efficiency programme, building on the cross cutting areas identified in the Gershon Review, to embed and extend ongoing efficiency savings into departmental expenditure planning.The 2007 CSR also offers the opportunity to continue to refine the PSA framework so that it drives effective delivery and the attainment of ambitious national standards.Public Service Agreements (PSAs) were introduced in the 1998 CSR. They set out agreed targets detailing the outputs and outcomes departments are expected to deliver with the resources allocated to them. The new spending regime places a strong emphasis on outcome targets, for example in providing for better health and higher educational standards or service standards. The introduction in SR2004 of PSA ‘standards’ will ensure that high standards in priority areas are maintained.The Government monitors progress against PSA targets, and departments report in detail twice a year in their annual Departmental Reports (published in spring) and in their autumn performance reports. These reports provide Parliament and the public with regular updates on departments’ performance against their targets.Technical Notes explain how performance against each PSA target will be measured.To make the most of both new investment and existing assets, there needs to be a coherent long term strategy against which investment decisions are taken. Departmental Investment Strategies (DIS) set out each department's plans to deliver the scale and quality of capital stock needed to underpin its objectives. The DIS includes information about the department's existing capital stock and future plans for that stock, as well as plans for new investment. It also sets out the systems that the department has in place to ensure that it delivers its capital programmes effectively.This document was updated on 19 December 2005.Near-cash resource expenditure that has a related cash implication, even though the timing of the cash payment may be slightly different. For example, expenditure on gas or electricity supply is incurred as the fuel is used, though the cash payment might be made in arrears on aquarterly basis. Other examples of near-cash expenditure are: pay, rental.Net cash requirement the upper limit agreed by Parliament on the cash which a department may draw from theConsolidated Fund to finance the expenditure within the ambit of its Request forResources. It is equal to the agreed amount of net resources and net capital less non-cashitems and working capital.Non-cash cost costs where there is no cash transaction but which are included in a body’s accounts (or taken into account in charging for a service) to establish the true cost of all the resourcesused.Non-departmental a body which has a role in the processes of government, but is not a government public body, NDPBdepartment or part of one. NDPBs accordingly operate at arm’s length from governmentMinisters.Notional cost of a cost which is taken into account in setting fees and charges to improve comparability with insuranceprivate sector service providers.The charge takes account of the fact that public bodies donot generally pay an insurance premium to a commercial insurer.the independent body responsible for collecting and publishing official statistics about theUK’s society and economy. (At the time of going to print legislation was progressing tochange this body to the Statistics Board).Office of Government an office of the Treasury, with a status similar to that of an agency, which aims to maximise Commerce, OGCthe government’s purchasing power for routine items and combine professional expertiseto bear on capital projects.Office of the the government department responsible for discharging the Paymaster General’s statutoryPaymaster General,responsibilities to hold accounts and make payments for government departments and OPGother public bodies.Orange bookthe informal title for Management of Risks: Principles and Concepts, which is published by theTreasury for the guidance of public sector bodies.Office for NationalStatistics, ONS60Managing Public Money————————————————————————————————————————"GLOSSARYOverdraftan account with a negative balance.Parliament’s formal agreement to authorise an activity or expenditure.Prerogative powerspowers exercisable under the Royal Prerogative, ie powers which are unique to the Crown,as contrasted with common-law powers which may be available to the Crown on the samebasis as to natural persons.Primary legislationActs which have been passed by the Westminster Parliament and, where they haveappropriate powers, the Scottish Parliament and the Northern Ireland Assembly. Begin asBills until they have received Royal Assent.arrangements under which a public sector organisation contracts with a private sectorentity to construct a facility and provide associated services of a specified quality over asustained period. See annex 7.5.Proprietythe principle that patterns of resource consumption should respect Parliament’s intentions,conventions and control procedures, including any laid down by the PAC. See box 2.4.Public Accountssee Committee of Public Accounts.CommitteePublic corporationa trading body controlled by central government, local authority or other publiccorporation that has substantial day to day operating independence. See section 7.8.Public Dividend finance provided by government to public sector bodies as an equity stake; an alternative to Capital, PDCloan finance.Public Service sets out what the public can expect the government to deliver with its resources. EveryAgreement, PSAlarge government department has PSA(s) which specify deliverables as targets or aimsrelated to objectives.a structured arrangement between a public sector and a private sector organisation tosecure an outcome delivering good value for money for the public sector. It is classified tothe public or private sector according to which has more control.Rate of returnthe financial remuneration delivered by a particular project or enterprise, expressed as apercentage of the net assets employed.Regularitythe principle that resource consumption should accord with the relevant legislation, therelevant delegated authority and this document. See box 2.4.Request for the functional level into which departmental Estimates may be split. RfRs contain a number Resources, RfRof functions being carried out by the department in pursuit of one or more of thatdepartment’s objectives.Resource accountan accruals account produced in line with the Financial Reporting Manual (FReM).Resource accountingthe system under which budgets, Estimates and accounts are constructed in a similar wayto commercial audited accounts, so that both plans and records of expenditure allow in fullfor the goods and services which are to be, or have been, consumed – ie not just the cashexpended.Resource budgetthe means by which the government plans and controls the expenditure of resources tomeet its objectives.Restitutiona legal concept which allows money and property to be returned to its rightful owner. Ittypically operates where another person can be said to have been unjustly enriched byreceiving such monies.Return on capital the ratio of profit to capital employed of an accounting entity during an identified period.employed, ROCEVarious measures of profit and of capital employed may be used in calculating the ratio.Public Privatepartnership, PPPPrivate Finance Initiative, PFIParliamentaryauthority61Managing Public Money"————————————————————————————————————————GLOSSARYRoyal charterthe document setting out the powers and constitution of a corporation established underprerogative power of the monarch acting on Privy Council advice.Second readingthe second formal time that a House of Parliament may debate a bill, although in practicethe first substantive debate on its content. If successful, it is deemed to denoteParliamentary approval of the principle of the proposed legislation.Secondary legislationlaws, including orders and regulations, which are made using powers in primary legislation.Normally used to set out technical and administrative provision in greater detail thanprimary legislation, they are subject to a less intense level of scrutiny in Parliament.European legislation is,however,often implemented in secondary legislation using powers inthe European Communities Act 1972.Service-level agreement between parties, setting out in detail the level of service to be performed.agreementWhere agreements are between central government bodies, they are not legally a contractbut have a similar function.Shareholder Executive a body created to improve the government’s performance as a shareholder in businesses.Spending reviewsets out the key improvements in public services that the public can expect over a givenperiod. It includes a thorough review of departmental aims and objectives to find the bestway of delivering the government’s objectives, and sets out the spending plans for the givenperiod.State aidstate support for a domestic body or company which could distort EU competition and sois not usually allowed. See annex 4.9.Statement of Excessa formal statement detailing departments’ overspends prepared by the Comptroller andAuditor General as a result of undertaking annual audits.Statement on Internal an annual statement that Accounting Officers are required to make as part of the accounts Control, SICon a range of risk and control issues.Subheadindividual elements of departmental expenditure identifiable in Estimates as single cells, forexample cell A1 being administration costs within a particular line of departmental spending.Supplyresources voted by Parliament in response to Estimates, for expenditure by governmentdepartments.Supply Estimatesa statement of the resources the government needs in the coming financial year, and forwhat purpose(s), by which Parliamentary authority is sought for the planned level ofexpenditure and income.Target rate of returnthe rate of return required of a project or enterprise over a given period, usually at least a year.Third sectorprivate sector bodies which do not act commercially,including charities,social and voluntaryorganisations and other not-for-profit collectives. See annex 7.7.Total Managed a Treasury budgeting term which covers all current and capital spending carried out by the Expenditure,TMEpublic sector (ie not just by central departments).Trading fundan organisation (either within a government department or forming one) which is largely orwholly financed from commercial revenue generated by its activities. Its Estimate shows itsnet impact, allowing its income from receipts to be devoted entirely to its business.Treasury Minutea formal administrative document drawn up by the Treasury, which may serve a wide varietyof purposes including seeking Parliamentary approval for the use of receipts asappropriations in aid, a remission of some or all of the principal of voted loans, andresponding on behalf of the government to reports by the Public Accounts Committee(PAC).62Managing Public Money————————————————————————————————————————GLOSSARY63Managing Public MoneyValue for moneythe process under which organisation’s procurement, projects and processes aresystematically evaluated and assessed to provide confidence about suitability, effectiveness,prudence,quality,value and avoidance of error and other waste,judged for the public sectoras a whole.Virementthe process through which funds are moved between subheads such that additionalexpenditure on one is met by savings on one or more others.Votethe process by which Parliament approves funds in response to supply Estimates.Voted expenditureprovision for expenditure that has been authorised by Parliament. Parliament ‘votes’authority for public expenditure through the Supply Estimates process. Most expenditureby central government departments is authorised in this way.Wider market activity activities undertaken by central government organisations outside their statutory duties,using spare capacity and aimed at generating a commercial profit. See annex 7.6.Windfallmonies received by a department which were not anticipated in the spending review.———————————————————————————————————————— -
13 sale
n1) продажа; сбыт2) торговля; торговая сделка3) продажа с аукциона, продажа с торгов
- account sales
- address sale
- advance sale
- annual sales
- anticipated sales
- assets sale
- auction sale
- autumn sale
- average sales
- back-to-school sale
- bargain sale
- bear sale
- blind sale
- block sale
- brisk sale
- bulk sale
- cash sale
- cash-and-carry sale
- cash on delivery sale
- cash-only sale
- catalogue sale
- charge-and-carry sale
- charge-and-delivery sale
- clearance sale
- clearing sale
- closing down sale
- commercial sale
- commission sale
- commodity sale
- competitive sales
- compulsory sale
- conditional sale
- consignment sale
- consumption sale
- credit sale
- cross sale
- cumulative sales
- daily sales
- day's sales
- deferred payment sale
- delayed sale
- direct sale
- discount sale
- distress sale
- domestic sales
- effective sale
- emergency sale
- end-of-season sale
- enforceable sale
- exchange sale
- exclusive sale
- execution sale
- executory sale
- expanding sales
- export sale
- faked sale
- firm sale
- first sale
- fixed sales
- fleet sales
- floor sale
- forced sale
- foreclosure sale
- foreign sale
- forward sale
- future sale
- going-out-of-business sale
- gross sales
- guaranteed sale
- hire-purchase sale
- illicit sale
- increased sales
- indirect sales
- individual sale
- installment sale
- intermediate sale
- jumble sale
- large volume sales
- liquidation sale
- loan sale
- mandatory sale
- mutual sales
- negotiated sale
- net sales
- off-the-floor sale
- opening sale
- order sales
- over-the-counter sale
- panic sale
- partial sale
- peak sales
- private sale
- proceeds sale
- projected sales
- prompt sale
- property sale
- public sale
- quick sale
- ready sale
- realization sale
- record sales
- remnant sale
- retail sale
- returned sales
- rummage sale
- seasonal sale
- security sales
- sheriff's sale
- short sale
- slow sale
- spot sale
- stocktaking sale
- street sale
- tax sale
- tied sale
- tie-in sale
- time sale
- total sales
- trade sale
- transportation sales
- tying-in sale
- underlying sales
- underreported sale
- under-the-counter sale
- volume sales
- voluntary sale
- wash sale
- white sale
- wholesale sale
- winding-up sale
- winter sale
- yearly sales
- sale at an auction
- sale at harvest time
- sale at a profit
- sale at reduced prices
- sale by auction
- sale by commission
- sale by description
- sale by lot
- sale by the piece
- sale by public outcry
- sale by sample
- sale by weight
- sale ex bond
- sale ex stand
- sale ex works
- sale for cash
- sale for forward delivery
- sale for future delivery
- sale for prompt delivery
- sale for the settlement
- sale from stock
- sale from a warehouse
- sale in market overt
- sale of engineering consultation services
- sale of equipment
- sale of exchange
- sale of exhibits off the floor
- sale of goods
- sale of an invention
- sale of a licence
- sale of a loan
- sale of a patent
- sale of a patent right
- sale of a pledge
- sale of securities
- sale of services
- sale of shares of a company
- sale of space
- sale of a stake
- sale on approval
- sale on arrival
- sale on commission
- sale on credit
- sale on an open account
- sale to arrive
- sale to final consumer
- sale with option of repurchase
- sale with reservation
- sale with reserve
- sale without reserve
- sale with rights of redemption
- sale and leaseback
- sale as is
- for sale
- not for sale
- of ready sale
- on sale
- out of sale
- subject to prior sale
- approve for sale
- be available for sale
- be dull of sale
- be on sale
- be slow of sale
- command a ready sale
- conclude a sale
- develop sales
- effect sales
- exhibit for sale
- expand sales
- expose for sale
- extend sales
- find no sales
- find a ready sale
- handle the sale
- have a dull sale
- have no sale
- have a ready sale
- increase sales
- keep for sale
- maintain sales
- make a sale
- meet with a good sale
- meet with a slow sale
- negotiate sales
- notify the sale by auction
- offer for sale
- promote sales
- put up for sale
- release for sale
- rescind a sale
- sell at a public sale
- specialize in the sale of smth
- stimulate sales
- suspend the sale
- undertake the sale -
14 sale
-
15 variable
1. n мат. переменная2. n астр. переменная звезда3. n мор. неровный ветер4. n l5. n метеор. западные ветры средних широт6. n ветры переменных направленийvariable format — переменный формат; формат переменной длины
stock variable — переменная, характеризующая величину запаса
free variable — свободная переменная; несвязанная переменная
7. a изменчивый, непостоянный; неустойчивыйvariable item — товар, потребность в котором непостоянна
8. a поддающийся изменению9. a преим. спец. переменныйvariable wind — ветер переменного направления; переменный ветер
10. a биол. аберрантный; изменчивыйСинонимический ряд:1. inconstant (adj.) alterable; alternating; capricious; changeable; changeful; erratic; fickle; fluctuating; fluid; freakish; inconstant; lubricious; mercurial; mobile; mutable; protean; shifty; slippery; temperamental; temporary; ticklish; uncertain; unpredictable; unsettled; unstable; vacillating; variegated; volatile; wavering; weathery; whimsical2. uneven (adj.) inconsistent; on-again-off-again; patchy; spotty; uneven; unsteady3. factor (noun) factor; unknown; xАнтонимический ряд:firm; invariable; steady; unchanging; unwavering
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