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121 Mergenthaler, Ottmar
SUBJECT AREA: Paper and printing[br]b. 11 May 1854 Hachtel, Germanyd. 28 October 1899 Baltimore, Maryland, USA[br]German/American inventor of the Linotype typesetting machine.[br]Mergenthaler came from a family of teachers, but following a mechanical bent he was apprenticed to a clockmaker. Having served his time, Mergenthaler emigrated to the USA in 1872 to avoid military service. He immediately secured work in Washington, DC, in the scientific instrument shop of August Hahl, the son of his former master. He steadily acquired a reputation for skill and ingenuity, and in 1876, when Hahl transferred his business to Baltimore, Mergenthaler went too. Soon after, they were commissioned to remedy the defects in a model of a writing machine devised by James O.Clephane of Washington. It produced print by typewriting, which was then multiplied by lithography. Mergenthaler soon corrected the defects and Clephane ordered a full-size version. This was completed in 1877 but did not work satisfactorily. Nevertheless, Mergenthaler was moved to engage in the long battle to mechanize the typesetting stage of the printing process. Clephane suggested substituting stereotyping for lithography in his device, but in spite of their keen efforts Mergenthaler and Hahl were again unsuccessful and they abandoned the project. In spare moments Mergenthaler continued his search for a typesetting machine. Late in 1883 it occurred to him to stamp matrices into type bars and to cast type metal into them in the same machine. From this idea, the Linotype machine developed and was completed by July 1884. It worked well and a patent was granted on 26 August that year, and Clephane and his associates set up the National Typographic Company of West Virginia to manufacture it. The New York Tribune ordered twelve Linotypes, and on 3 July 1886 the first of these set part of that day's issue. During the previous year the company had passed into the hands of a group of newspaper owners; increasing differences with the Board led to Mergenthaler's resignation in 1888, but he nevertheless continued to improve the machine, patenting over fifty modifications. The Linotype, together with the Monotype of Tolbert Lanston, rapidly supplanted earlier typesetting methods, and by the 1920s it reigned supreme, the former being used more for newspapers, the latter for book work.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsFranklin Institute John Scott Medal, Elliott Cresson Medal.Bibliography1898, Ottmar Mergenthaler and the Invention of Linotype, New York.Further ReadingJ.Moran, 1964, The Composition of Reading Matter, London.LRD -
122 робота
жwork; labour; job; ( заняття) engagement; ( механізму) functioning, running, working; behaviour; ( завдання) assignment, task; work, job; (якість, спосіб виконання) craftsmanship, qualityбезперспективна робота — blind-alley employment, blind-alley occupation
робота поза домом (майстернею) — outside work, outwork
випадкова робота — odd job, casual work
домашня робота сл. — homework, home task, home assignment
земляні роботи — digging, earthwork, excavation
письмова робота сл. — written work, paper
розвідувальна робота гірн. — prospecting
спільна робота — collaboration, cooperation; ( бригадна або конвеєрна) teamwork
тонка робота — a fine piece of work, delicate work
тяжка робота — hard work, toil; sweat sl
фізична робота — physical activity, physical action
хатня робота — household work; chare
бути без роботи — to be out of work ( job), to be unemployed; амер. to be jobless
взяти кого-небудь в роботу — to take smb. in hand
одиниця роботи фіз. — unit of work
позбавляти роботи — to dismiss, to turn out; to sack sl
шукати роботу — to look for work, to look for a job
кидати роботу — to stop work, to drop ( to chuck) a job, to down tools
той, хто псує роботу — botcher, bungler
робота акцидентна — job printing, jobbing
робота в апараті ек. — staffwork
робота в мережі комп. — networking
робота графопобудовника комп. — plotting
робота за договором — contract labour, contract labor
робота за наймом — employ, journey-work
робота з даними комп. — data handling
робота з перебоями — erratic operation; faulty performance
робота каналу спец. — operation-out
робота комп'ютера — computer run, machine run
надомна робота — work to be done at home, outside work
робота на клавіатурі комп. — keying
роботи по проектуванню комп. — design efforts
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123 акцидентная печать
1) Computers: document publishing2) Engineering: accidental printing, jobbing work3) Polygraphy: job printing4) Patents: jobbing printing5) Makarov: miscellaneous printingУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > акцидентная печать
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124 набивка
1) General subject: bat (матраца), bats (матраца), batt (матраца), filling, mounting (чучела), packing (сальника и т. п.), pad, padding, stopping, stuff, stuffing (подушки и т. п.), stuffing (подушки и т.п.), wadding2) Biology: packing (хроматографической колонки)3) Sports: conditioning (Н. конечностей, лексикон боевых искусств), hardening5) Engineering: compression (например, накачка баллонов воздухом), filler, filler strip, gasket, gland, package, plug (напр. сальника насоса), ramming (пода печи), ramming rammer, retainer seal, strike-on (текста при работе на клавиатуре), stuffing (напр. сигарет), tamping, tightening (сальниковая), wad6) Construction: packing (материала)7) Railway term: upholstery8) Automobile industry: pack (сальника), packing up9) Architecture: paddling10) Forestry: cushioning, filling (мягкой мебели), internal cushioning, printing (тканей), stuffing (мягкой мебели)13) Textile: print (по ткани), printing (по ткани), printing14) Oil: jointing (сальника), lining15) Communications: padding out16) Mechanic engineering: gusket17) Silicates: beating up (огнеупорной массы)18) Drilling: bolster19) Sakhalin energy glossary: pack20) Automation: (сальниковая) packing, packing (процесс), ramming (напр. опоки), stuffing (материал), (сальниковая) tightening21) Sakhalin S: packing (сальника)22) General subject: caulk23) Makarov: packing (сальникового или иного уплотнения), plug (напр., сальника насоса), ramming (пода или подины печи), stuffing (сальникового или иного уплотнения), wad (мягкая), wadding (мягкая), wadding (мягкой мебели)25) oil&gas: self-contained packing, gas packing, pipeline gas packing26) Aluminium industry: cathode ramming (швов в катоде)27) Combustion gas turbines: solid -
125 печать
1) General subject: fingerprint (гения), impress, impress (чего-л.), impression, journalism, patent, press, print, printing, seal, sealer, stamp, type, signet, rubber stamp (изображения здесь - http://www.rubberstamps.net/), (чернильная) stamp (В отличие от “seal” как тиснёной печати. Перевод дан для направления EN→RU. Может обозначать как прямоугольные оттиски, которые по-русски обычно называют штампами, так и круглые)2) Naval: mark3) Medicine: stump4) Colloquial: printing (о качестве шрифта, репродукций и т.п.)5) French: cachet6) Ironical: fourth estate7) Engineering: copying, impression block (для исследования повреждений в стволе скважины), seal (штамп), stamp (штамп), typing (набор текста)8) History: chop9) Rare: sigil11) Architecture: hallmark12) Psychology: print media (газеты, журналы, книги)13) Telecommunications: print process, recording14) Information technology: foil, printout (распечатка)15) Oil: camera (для определения положения оставшегося в скважине инструмента), impression block (для определения положения инструмента в скважине), typing16) Oilfield: LIB (Lead Impression Block (пос.старый Жетыбай-Актау - м/р Каражанбас))17) Makarov: imprint, press (средство массовой информации), print (процесс), printing (отрасль производства, издательское и типографское дело), printing (типографский или иной сходный процесс), the press (средство массовой информации), work18) oil&gas: impression tool, lead impression block -
126 Buch
Buch n BÖRSE, MEDIA, RW book • Buch führen über 1. GEN keep track of; 2. RW keep accounts for, keep records on* * *n <Börse, Medien, Rechnung> book ■ Buch führen über 1. < Geschäft> keep track of; 2. < Rechnung> keep accounts for, keep records on* * *Buch
book, work, (Band) volume, (drucktechn.) quire, (Exemplar) copy, (Hauptbuch) ledger;
• als Buch erschienen in book form;
• zu Buch stehend mit at a book value of;
• antiquarisches Buch secondhand book;
• gut ausgestattetes Buch well-produced book;
• broschiertes Buch paper-bound book, paperback;
• defektes Buch incomplete book;
• fest eingebundenes Buch hard-cover printing;
• meist gelesenes Buch most-read book;
• mittelmäßiges Buch mediocre book;
• preisgebundenes Buch price-controlled book;
• schadhaftes Buch hurt book;
• überbewertetes Buch overrated book;
• ungebundenes Buch book in sheets;
• leicht verkäufliches Buch good seller;
• aus reinem Erwerbssinn veröffentlichtes Buch potboiler (coll.);
• Buch mit festem Einband hardback, hardcover; Buch
• im Folioformat folio book;
• Buch in Loseblattform looseleaf book;
• Buch mit sieben Siegeln sealed book;
• Buch über die Verrechnung abgegebener Schecks out[-clearing] book (Br.);
• Buch anzeigen to announce a book;
• Buch auswerten to lay a book under contribution;
• Buch besprechen to review a book;
• Buch ganz durchlesen to read a book from cover to cover (right through);
• über seine Ausgaben [genau] Buch führen to keep an [a strict] account of one’s expenses;
• zu Buch schlagen to be profitable;
• mit einem Herstellungswert von... zu Buche schlagen to stand at cost at...;
• zu Buch stehen mit to have a book value of;
• Buch in (bei) einem Verlag unterbringen to plant a manuscript on a publisher;
• Buch im Subskriptionswege verkaufen to subscribe a book;
• Buch veröffentlichen to publish a book, to bring out (produce) a book;
• Buch in einem Bezirk im Subskriptionswege vertreiben to canvass a territory for a subscription book;
• Buchabschluss closing (balancing) the books;
• Buch ankündigung, Buchanzeige book notice;
• Buchankündigung vornehmen to announce the publication of a book;
• Buchaufdruck lettering of a book cover;
• Buchauflage edition;
• Buchausgabe (Bibliothek) loan desk;
• urheberrechtlich geschützte Buchausgabe copyright[ed] edition;
• Buchausschnittsdienst abstract service;
• Buchausstattung getup of a book;
• Buchausstellung book exhibition;
• Buchauszug extract from a book, (Konto) abstract of account;
• Buchbeleg bookkeeping voucher;
• Buchbesprechung [book] review;
• Buchbestellung book order;
• Buchbinder bookbinder;
• Buchbinderarbeiten bookbinding;
• Buchdecke binding cover;
• Buchdeckel book cover;
• Buchdruck book (letterpress) printing;
• Buchdrucker book printer;
• Buchdruckerei printing establishment [office];
• Buchdruckerkunst art of printing;
• Bucheinband binding, book cover;
• Bucheinbandrücken book backing;
• Bucheinlagen (Bankwesen) time deposits and saving accounts;
• Bucheintragung [ledger] entry. -
127 print
print
1. noun1) (a mark made by pressure: a footprint; a fingerprint.) huella, marca2) (printed lettering: I can't read the print in this book.) letra, caracteres3) (a photograph made from a negative: I entered three prints for the photographic competition.) copia4) (a printed reproduction of a painting or drawing.) grabado
2. verb1) (to mark (letters etc) on paper (by using a printing press etc): The invitations will be printed on white paper.) imprimir2) (to publish (a book, article etc) in printed form: His new novel will be printed next month.) publicar, editar3) (to produce (a photographic image) on paper: He develops and prints his own photographs.) imprimir, sacar una copia4) (to mark designs on (cloth etc): When the cloth has been woven, it is dyed and printed.) estampar5) (to write, using capital letters: Please print your name and address.) escribir en mayúsculas•- printer- printing
- printing-press
- print-out
- in / out of print
print1 n1. letrathe print is very small, I need my glasses la letra es muy pequeña, necesito ponerme las gafas2. huella / marcaprint2 vb1. imprimir2. escribir con letra de imprentaplease type or print clearly por favor, escriba a máquina o con letra de imprentatr[prɪnt]1 (lettering) letra■ in small print en letra menuda, en letra pequeña3 (printed fabric) estampado4 (mark - of finger, foot) huella, marca1 (book, page, poster, etc) imprimir; (publish) publicar, editar2 (photo - negative) imprimir; (- copy) sacar una copia de3 (write clearly) escribir con letra de imprenta4 (fabric) estampar5 (make impression) marcar; (mentally) grabar\SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALLout of print agotado,-aprint ['prɪnt] vt: imprimir (libros, etc.)print vi: escribir con letra de moldeprint n1) impression: marca f, huella f, impresión f2) : texto m impresoto be out of print: estar agotado3) lettering: letra f4) engraving: grabado m5) : copia f (en fotografía)6) : estampado m (de tela)n.• estampa s.f.• grabado s.m.• impresión s.f.• letra s.f.• lámina s.f.• marca s.f.• positiva s.f.• tipo s.m.v.• estampar v.• imprimir v.• publicar v.• tirar v.prɪnt
I
1) u ( Print)a) ( lettering) letra fin large print — en letra grande or en caracteres grandes
the fine print (AmE) o (esp BrE) small print — la letra menuda or pequeña or (AmL tb) chica
b) ( text)to get into print — publicarse*
to go out of print — agotarse; (before n)
print worker — tipógrafo, -fa m,f
2) ca) (Art, Print) grabado mb) ( Phot) copia f3) c (of foot, finger) huella f, marca f4) c u ( fabric) estampado m
II
1.
1)a) \<\<letter/text/design\>\> imprimir*to print something ON/ONTO something — imprimir* algo en algo
b) \<\<fabric\>\> estamparc) ( publish) publicar*, editard) printed past p impresoprinted matter — ( Post) impresos mpl
2) ( write clearly) escribir* con letra de imprenta3) ( Phot) \<\<negative\>\> imprimir*to print a copy from something — sacar* una copia de algo
4) ( make impression) (usu pass)
2.
via) ( Print) imprimir*b) ( write without joining the letters) escribir* con letra de imprenta or de moldec) ( Phot) salir*Phrasal Verbs:[prɪnt]1. N1) (Typ) (=letters) letra f ; (=printed matter) texto m impresoI can't read this print, it's too small — no puedo leer esta letra, es demasiado pequeña
columns of tiny print — columnas fpl de letra pequeña or menuda
it presents the reader with solid masses of print — enfrenta al lector con largos párrafos de texto (impreso) ininterrumpido
•
in bold print — en negrita•
the fine print — la letra pequeña or menuda•
to be in print — (=be published) estar publicado; (=be available) estar a la ventato appear in print — [work] publicarse
the first time the term appeared in print was in 1530 — la primera vez que apareció el término en una publicación fue en 1530
•
to get into print — publicarse•
in large print — con letra grande•
to be out of print — estar agotado•
to rush into print — lanzarse a publicar•
in small print — con letra pequeña or menudaread the small print before you sign — lea la letra pequeña or menuda antes de firmar
2) (=mark, imprint) [of foot, finger, tyre] huella f, marca f ; (=fingerprint) huella f digital, huella f dactilarto take sb's prints — tomar las huellas digitales or dactilares a algn
3) (=fabric) estampado mfloral 2.4) (Art) (=etching, woodcut, lithograph) grabado m ; (=reproduction) reproducción f5) (Phot, Cine) copia f ; contact 3.2. VT1) (=set in print) [+ letters, text] imprimir; [+ money] emitir•
printed by — impreso por•
to print sth on or onto sth — estampar algo en algo2) (=write in block letters) escribir con or en letra de imprenta, escribir con or en letra de moldeprint it in block capitals — escríbalo con or en mayúsculas
3) (Phot) [+ negative] imprimir; [+ photo] sacar una copia de; [+ copy] sacar4) (fig) grabar3.VI [person] escribir con or en letra de imprenta, escribir con or en letra de molde; [machine] imprimir; [negative] salir4.CPDprint dress N — vestido m estampado
print journalist N — periodista mf de prensa escrita
print media NPL — medios mpl de comunicación impresos
print reporter N (US) — = print journalist
print shop N — (Typ) imprenta f ; (=art shop) tienda f de grabados
print union N — sindicato m de tipógrafos
print wheel N — rueda f de tipos
print worker N — tipógrafo(-a) m / f
* * *[prɪnt]
I
1) u ( Print)a) ( lettering) letra fin large print — en letra grande or en caracteres grandes
the fine print (AmE) o (esp BrE) small print — la letra menuda or pequeña or (AmL tb) chica
b) ( text)to get into print — publicarse*
to go out of print — agotarse; (before n)
print worker — tipógrafo, -fa m,f
2) ca) (Art, Print) grabado mb) ( Phot) copia f3) c (of foot, finger) huella f, marca f4) c u ( fabric) estampado m
II
1.
1)a) \<\<letter/text/design\>\> imprimir*to print something ON/ONTO something — imprimir* algo en algo
b) \<\<fabric\>\> estamparc) ( publish) publicar*, editard) printed past p impresoprinted matter — ( Post) impresos mpl
2) ( write clearly) escribir* con letra de imprenta3) ( Phot) \<\<negative\>\> imprimir*to print a copy from something — sacar* una copia de algo
4) ( make impression) (usu pass)
2.
via) ( Print) imprimir*b) ( write without joining the letters) escribir* con letra de imprenta or de moldec) ( Phot) salir*Phrasal Verbs: -
128 Presse
f; -, -n1. nur Sg.; Zeitungswesen: press; die ausländische Presse the foreign press, foreign newspapers and magazines; er ist von der Presse he’s from the press; es stand in der Presse it was in the papers; sie wurde von der Presse überallhin verfolgt the press ( oder the papers) were at her heels wherever she went; er hatte eine gute / schlechte Presse he got ( oder had) a good / bad press2. DRUCK. (printing) press; frisch aus der Presse kommen come straight ( oder hot off) the press; TECH. hydraulische Presse hydraulic press* * *die Pressesqueezer; press; gun* * *Prẹs|se ['prɛsə]f -, -n1) (= mechanische Presse, Druckmaschine) pressin die Presse gehen — to go to press
2) (= Zeitungen) presseine gute/schlechte Presse haben — to have or get a good/bad press
von der Presse sein — to be( a member of the) press
* * *die1) ((also printing-press) a printing machine.) press2) (newspapers in general: It was reported in the press; ( also adjective) a press photographer.) press3) (the people who work on newspapers and magazines; journalists: The press is/are always interested in the private lives of famous people.) press4) (a device or machine for pressing: a wine-press; a flower-press.) press5) (an instrument for squeezing: a lemon squeezer.) squeezer* * *Pres·se1<->[ˈprɛsə]▪ die \Presse the presseine gute/schlechte \Presse haben to have [a] good/bad pressPres·se2<-, -n>[ˈprɛsə]f press; (Fruchtpresse) juice extractor* * *die; Presse, Pressen1) press; (für Zitronen) squeezer2) o. Pl. (Zeitungen, Pressekritik) press* * *die ausländische Presse the foreign press, foreign newspapers and magazines;er ist von der Presse he’s from the press;es stand in der Presse it was in the papers;sie wurde von der Presse überallhin verfolgt the press ( oder the papers) were at her heels wherever she went;er hatte eine gute/schlechte Presse he got ( oder had) a good/bad press2. TYPO (printing) press;frisch aus der Presse kommen come straight ( oder hot off) the press;TECHhydraulische Presse hydraulic press* * *die; Presse, Pressen1) press; (für Zitronen) squeezer2) o. Pl. (Zeitungen, Pressekritik) press* * *-n (Maschine) f.press n.(§ pl.: presses) (Saft-) f.squeezer n. (Zeitung) f.press n.(§ pl.: presses) f.compactor n.
См. также в других словарях:
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work|er — «WUR kuhr», noun. 1. a person or thing that works. 2. a person who works for wages; member of the working class. 3. an ant, bee, wasp, or other insect that works for its community and usually does not produce offspring. and bee1. (Cf. ↑bee) 4.… … Useful english dictionary
work|up — «WURK UHP», noun. a complete medical investigation of a person s illness: »Mental patients [are] given a proper diagnostic workup by highly qualified physicians (Atlantic). work up «WURK UHP», noun. Printing. the imprint of a quadrat, lead, or… … Useful english dictionary
work-up — [wʉrk′up΄] n. 1. a complete medical study of a patient, including a thorough examination, laboratory tests, a survey of the patient s case history, etc. 2. Printing an unwanted mark on a printed page caused by the rising of spacing material … English World dictionary
Chromolithographic printing work — Репродукция, отпечатанная способом хромолитографии … Краткий толковый словарь по полиграфии
printing — /prin ting/, n. 1. the art, process, or business of producing books, newspapers, etc., by impression from movable types, plates, etc. 2. the act of a person or thing that prints. 3. words, symbols, etc., in printed form. 4. printed material. 5.… … Universalium
Printing press — For the history and technology of movable type, see Movable type. Printing press from 1811, exhibited in Munich, Germany … Wikipedia
PRINTING, HEBREW — pre modern period The first mention of Jews in connection with printing is found in Avignon c. 1444 (before Gutenberg) when a Jew, Davin de Caderousse, studied the new craft. The first Hebrew books were printed at least within 35 years after the… … Encyclopedia of Judaism
Printing patent — The printing patent or printing privilege was a precursor of modern copyright. It was an exclusive right to print a work or a class work of works.The earliest recorded printing privilege dates from 1469, giving John of Speyer a five year monopoly … Wikipedia
Printing — (Roget s Thesaurus) < N PARAG:Printing >N GRP: N 1 Sgm: N 1 printing printing Sgm: N 1 block printing block printing type printing Sgm: N 1 plate printing plate printing &c.???engraving ???>558 Sgm: N 1 the press the press… … English dictionary for students