priamus'

Mars (archaic and poet. Māvors, q. v.), Martis (collat. reduplic. form Marmar, in the Song of the Arval Brothers; v. the following, and Mamers), m. [root mar-, gleam; Sanscr. marīkis, beam of light; hence Mars, the bright god; cf.: marmor, mare], Mars, who, as father of Romulus, was the primogenitor of the Roman people, the god of war, of husbandry, of shepherds and seers. For him was named the month of Martius, March, the beginning of the Roman year, Ov. F. 3, 73 sqq.:

legio Martia... ab eo deo, a quo populum Romanum generatum accepimus,

Cic. Phil. 4, 2, 5:

Mars pater te precor quaesoque, uti sies volens propitius mihi, etc.,... ut tu morbos visos invisosque viduertatem vastitudinemque, calamitates intemperiasque prohibessis, etc.,

Cato, R. R. 141, 2; cf., in the Song of the Arval Brothers, NEVE LVERVE MARMAR SINS INCVRRERE IN PLEORIS;

for Mars pater, the forms Marspiter, gen. Marspitris, or -tĕris, and Maspiter were also employed,

Gell. 5, 12, 5; Macr. S. 1, 12; 19; Varr. L. L. 8, § 33 Müll.; 9, § 75; 10, § 65; Prisc. p. 695:

Mars Gradivus, Quirinus, Silvanus, Ultor, v. under h. vv.: Mars durus,

Verg. E 10, 44:

torvus,

Hor. C. 1, 28, 17:

cruentus,

id. ib. 2, 14, 13:

ferus,

Ov. H. 7, 160; id. F. 4, 25:

ferox,

id. M. 13, 11:

bellicus,

id. F. 3, 1:

fortibus sane oculis Cassius (Martem spirare dicens) se in Siciliam non iturum,

Cic. Att. 15, 11. The Salii were destined for his service, Liv. 1, 20, 4; horses and bulls were offered to him, Paul. ex Fest. p. 61 Müll.; Ov. H. 6, 10; Macr. S. 3, 10, 4:

per Martem, a soldier's oath,

Plaut. Mil. 5, 21. He was often appealed to in oaths, etc., esp. by soldiers:

Nam neque Duellona mi umquam neque Mars creduat, ni, etc.,

Plaut. Bacch. 4, 8, 8; id. Mil. 1, 1, 11; id. Truc. 3, 1, 11.—

Transf.

War, battle, a conflict, engagement, contest, etc.; also the art of war: cum veter occubuit Priamus sub Marte Pelasgo, Enn. ap. Prisc. p. 607 P. (Ann. v. 17 Vahl.):

Martem accendere cantu,

to incite to battle, Verg. A. 6, 165:

apertus,

fighting in the open field, Ov. M. 13, 27: equitem suo alienoque Marte pugnare, i. e. to fight both in their own fashion (on horseback) and in one which was strange to them (on foot), Liv. 3, 62, 9:

pugna jam in manus, jam in gladios, ubi Mars est atrocissimus, venerat,

id. 2, 46, 3:

terribili Marte ululare,

Plin. 26, 4, 9, § 19:

captam sine Marte,

Stat. Ach. 1, 401:

quos amisimus cives, eos Martis vis perculit, non ira victoriae,

Cic. Marcell. 6, 17.— Poet.:

Mars forensis,

a contest in the forum, legal contest, Ov. P. 4, 6, 29; cf.:

et fora Marte suo litigiosa vacent,

id. F. 4, 188.—Hence, prov.: suo (nostro, vestro) Marte, by one's own exertions, without the assistance of others:

rex ipse suo Marte res suas recuperavit,

Cic. Phil. 2, 37, 95; id. Off. 3, 7, 34:

cum vos vestro Marte his rebus omnibus abundetis,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 4, § 9.—

The issue of a war or a battle, the fortune of war:

cum omnis belli Mars communis, et cum semper incerti exitus proeliorum sint,

Cic. Fam. 6, 4, 1: communis adhuc Mars belli erat, Liv. 10, 28:

aequo Marte,

with equal advantage, on equal terms, Caes. B. G. 7, 19, 3; 8, 19, 2; Curt. 4, 1, 8:

pari Marte,

Hirt. B. G. 8, 19:

aequato Marte,

Liv. 1, 25:

verso Marte ( = versā fortunā),

id. 29, 3, 11:

vario Marte pugnatum est,

Quint. 8, 6, 24:

incerto Marte,

Tac. H. 4, 35:

anceps,

Liv. 7, 29, 2; 21, 1, 2:

dubius,

Vell. 2, 55, 3.—

The planet Mars: Jovis stellae proximum inferiorem orbem tenet puroeis, quae stella Martis appellatur, Cic. N. D. 2, 20, 53; 2, 46, 119; Plin. 2, 8, 6, § 34; 2, 15, 12, § 60; Hyg. Astr. 2, 42:

Martis sidus,

Cassiod. Var. 11, 36.—Hence,

Mar-tĭus ( Māvortĭus, v. infra), a, um, adj.

Of or belonging to Mars:

lupus,

sacred to Mars, Verg. A. 9, 566; cf.: Martius lupus, integer et intactus, gentis nos Martiae et conditoris nostri admonuit, descended from Mars (since Mars is the father of Romulus and Remus), Liv. 10, 27:

legio,

Cic. Phil. 3, 3, 6; 4, 2, 5:

miles,

Ov. M. 14, 798:

proles,

i. e. Romulus and Remus, id. F. 3, 59:

anguis,

sacred to Mars, id. M. 3, 32:

judicium,

i. e. of the Areopagus at Athens, App. M. 10, p. 718 Oud.: Campus;

v. campus: harena,

a place in the Circus where the gladiators fought, Ov. Tr. 2, 282; Mart. 2, 75, 8:

gramen,

i. e. the Field of Mars, Hor. C. 3, 7, 26: Martius mensis, the month of March, formerly the first month of the year, Plin. 15, 3, 4, § 13:

Martii Calendis,

Hor. C. 3, 8, 1: Idus Martiae, the Ides of March, famous as the day on which Julius Cæsar was killed, Cic. Att. 14, 4, 2; cf. 14, 20, 1 sq.; id. Phil. 2, 35, 88; id. Fam. 10, 28, 1.— In the form Mavortius ( poet.):

moenia,

i. e. Rome, Verg. A. 1, 276:

tellus,

i. e. Thrace, id. G. 4, 462:

conjux,

i. e. Venus, Val. Fl. 2, 208:

proles,

i. e. the Thebans, Ov. M. 3, 531; cf.:

seges belli (because sprung from the dragon's teeth),

Claud. III. Cons. Hon. 135.—

Transf.

Warlike, martial:

Martia Penthesilea,

Verg. A. 11, 661:

Martia saeculi voluptas,

Mart. 5, 24, 1:

Martius aeris rauci canor,

Verg. G. 4, 71:

vulnera,

id. A. 7, 182:

Thebe,

i. e. where many wars were carried on, Ov. Am. 3, 6, 33.—

Of or belonging to the planet Mars:

ille fulgor rutilus, horribilisque terris, quem Martium dicitis,

Cic. Rep. 6, 17, 17.—As subst.: Mar-tĭus, ii, m. (sc. mensis), March, the month of March:

Mensium nomina fere aperta sunt, si a Martio, ut antiqui constituerunt, numeres, Nam primus a Marte,

Varr. L. L. 6, 4, § 33.—

Martĭālis, e, adj.

Of or belonging to Mars: Flamen, Varr L. L. 5, § 84 Müll.;

7, § 45 ib.: lupus,

sacred to Mars, Hor. C. 1, 17, 9:

ludi,

in honor of Mars, Suet. Claud. 1: Martialis collis, near the temple of Deus Fidius, Varr. L. L. 5, § 52 Müll.— Subst.: Martĭālis, is, m., a priest of Mars:

Martiales quidam Larini appellabantur, ministri publici Martis,

Cic. Clu. 15, 43.—

Belonging to the legio Martia; hence, Martĭāles, the soldiers of the legio Martia, Cic. Phil. 4, 2, 5.

occīdo ( obc-), cīdi, cīsum, 3 (occisit for occiderit, Lex Num. Pompil. ap. Paul. ex Fest. s. v. occisum. pp. 178 and 179; also Lex XII. Tab. ap. Macr. S. 1, 4), v. a. [ob-caedo], to strike down, strike to the ground; to beat, smash, crush.

Lit.

In gen. (very rare):

aliquem pugnis,

Ter. Ad. 4, 2, 20:

occare id est comminuere, ne sit glaeba: quod ita occidunt, occare dictum,

to crush, Varr. R. R. 1, 31, 1:

occisum ad mortem,

wounded to death, Vulg. Apoc. 13, 3.—

In partic., to strike or cut down; to cut off, kill, slay (class. and very freq.; syn.: interficio, trucido, obtrunco): summus ibi capitur meddix: occiditur alter, Enn. ap. Paul. ex Fest. p. 123 Müll. (Ann. v. 296 Vahl.):

L. Virginius filiam suā manu occidit,

Cic. Fin. 2, 20, 66:

ejus copias,

id. Phil. 14, 14, 36:

ipse pro castris fortissime pugnans occiditur,

Caes. B. G. 5, 36: occidione occidere, to completely cut off, destroy; v. occidio:

ad unum omnes,

to cut off all to the last man, Liv. 3, 23:

aliquem veneno,

to destroy with poison, Suet. Claud. 44; Just. 3, 2, 1:

occisus videtur non tantum qui per vim aut per caedem interfectus est, velut jugulatus... sed et is qui veneno Necatus dicitur,

Paul. Sent. 3, 5, 2 sqq.; cf.:

et occidet eum lingua viperae,

Vulg. Job, 20, 16:

occisa sunt in terrae motu,

id. Apoc. 11, 13:

dedistine ei gladium qui se occideret?

Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 92: cum ipse se conaretur occidere, Cic. ap. Quint. 5, 10, 69; so,

se occidere,

Curt. 6, 10, 18; Quint. 7, 3, 7; Suet. Vit. 10; Eutr. 1, 8; 6, 24; Lact. 3, 18, 8; cf.:

occidit, adversariumne? immo vero aiunt se et eum, quem defendit,

Cic. de Or. 2, 74, 302.—

Transf.

To plague to death; to torture, torment, pester (cf. exanimo, II. B.; very rare;

not in Cic. or Cæs.): occidis me, cum istuc rogitas,

Plaut. Ps. 4, 1, 21:

aliā occidis fabulā,

id. Men. 5, 5, 23:

occidis saepe rogando,

Hor. Epod. 14, 5:

legendo,

id. A. P. 475.—

To ruin, undo:

occidisti me tuis fallaciis,

Ter. Phorm. 4, 3, 67.—Hence, oc-cīsus, a, um, P. a., ruined, lost, unfortunate, undone (Plautin.):

occisa est haec res, nisi, etc.,

Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 7.— Sup.:

occisissimus sum omnium, qui vivunt,

I am the most unfortunate, Plaut. Cas. 3, 5, 53.

occĭdo, cĭdi, cāsum, 3, v. n. [obcado], to fall down, fall.

Lit.

In gen. (rare):

et alia Signa de caelo ad terram occidunt,

Plaut. Rud. prol. 8: ut alii [p. 1251] super alios occiderent, Liv. 21, 35:

arbores ita inciderant, ut momento levi impulsae occiderent,

id. 23, 24.—

In partic.

Of the heavenly bodies, to go down, set (class.): prope jam occidente sole, Pac. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 14, 24:

soles occidere, et redire possunt: Nobis, cum semel occidit brevis lux, Nox est perpetua una dormienda,

Cat. 5, 4:

Capra, Aquila, Canicula,

Col. 11, 2, 94:

occasura pars caeli,

i. e. western, Plin. 2, 25, 23, § 92: SOL OCCASVS SVPREMA TEMPESTAS ESTO, i. e. sundown, sunset, Lex XII. Tab.; cf. Gell. 17, 2, 10 (Varr. L. L. 6, § 5 Müll., gives, instead of it, OCCASVS SOLIS; v. 2. occasus); so,

ante solem obcasum,

before sunset, Plaut. Ep. 1, 2, 41:

donec lux occidat,

Juv. 13, 158.—Fig.:

non occidet ultra sol tuus,

Vulg. Isa. 60, 20.—

Pregn., to fall, perish, die (class.;

syn.: obeo, pereo, intereo): exstincto calore, occidimus ipsi et extinguimur,

Cic. N. D. 2, 9, 23:

in bello,

id. Fam. 9, 5, 2:

Eudemus proelians ad Syracusas occidit,

id. Div. 1, 25, 53:

sperans hostium saevitiā facile eum occasurum,

Sall. J. 7, 2:

occiderit ferro Priamus?

Verg. A. 2, 581: dextrā suā, to die by one's own hand (by suicide), id. ib. 12, 659:

minimo vulnere,

Ov. M. 6, 265.—

Transf., to perish, be ruined, lost, etc.

Of persons:

sin plane occidimus,

Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 4, 4.—So, esp., occidi, an exclamation of despair, I am lost, undone, Plaut. Stich. 2, 3, 75; Ter. And. 3, 4, 26:

nulla sum, nulla sum: tota tota occidi,

Plaut. Cas. 3, 5, 1:

occidimus funditus,

Verg. A. 11, 413.—

Of things:

non hercle occiderunt mihi etiam fundique atque aedes,

I have not yet lost, Plaut. Truc. 1, 2, 72:

occidit spes nostra,

is gone, id. Most. 2, 1, 2:

lumen (oculorum),

Lucr. 3, 414:

dolus,

Plaut. Truc. 2, 5, 6:

causa,

Lucr. 2, 790:

rem publicam occidere,

Cic. Dom. 30, 96:

vita,

id. Tusc. 1, 45, 109:

occidit ornatus (mundi),

perishes, id. Ac. 2, 38, 119:

vestra beneficia occasura esse,

id. Mil. 36, 100.—Hence, occĭdens, entis, P. a.; as subst., m., the quarter of the setting sun, the west, the occident (class.):

ab oriente ad occidentem,

Cic. N. D. 2, 66, 164:

vel occidentis usque ad ultimum sinum,

Hor. Epod. 1, 13:

cui se oriens occidensque submiserat,

Plin. 7, 30, 31, § 112:

validissima in se civium arma viribus occidentis coepta,

Tac. H. 2, 6: partes mundi, Paul. ex Fest. p. 339 Müll.

occīdo, for occedo, q. v.

occumbo ( obc-), cŭbui, cŭbĭtum, 3, v. n. [ob-cumbo, cubo], to fall or sink down (cf.: occido, obeo, oppeto); hence,

To go down, to set, of the heavenly bodies (postclass.):

cometes cum oriretur occumberetque,

Just. 37, 2, 3:

cum sol occumberet,

Vulg. Gen. 15, 12; id. 3 Reg. 22, 36.—

To fall dying, to die (the class. signif. of the word); constr. absol. or with mortem, morte, or morti.

Absol.: cum veter occubuit Priamus, fell, Enn. ap. Prisc. p. 607 P. (Ann. v. 17 Vahl.):

aut occubuissem honeste, aut victores hodie viveremus,

Cic. Att. 3, 15, 4: pro libertate cos occubuisse, Suet. Aug. 12 fin.:

circa se dimicans occubuerat,

id. Tit. 4:

fertur et ante annos occubuisse suos,

Ov. A. A. 3, 18:

dederat ne ferro occumbere posset,

id. M. 12, 207:

acie,

Suet. Ner. 2.—

With mortem or morte (the vacillation of MSS. between these two forms makes it difficult to ascertain which was the prevailing one; cf. Zumpt, Gr. § 387;

Krebs, Antibarb. p. 790): pro patriā mortem (al. morte) occumbere,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 42, 102 (Kühner, Moser, Orelli, and Baiter have mortem, Klotz and Fischer morte):

quod liberata patria... mortem occubuisset,

Liv. 2, 7, 8; 3, 50, 8; 26, 25, 14:

qui pugnantes mortem occubuissent,

id. 31, 18, 6. —So, too, letum, Enn. ap. Prisc. p. 725 P. (Ann. v. 390 Vahl.):

necem voluntariam,

Suet. Aug. 13 (al., with inferior MSS., nece voluntariā):

ictus clavā morte occubuit,

Liv. 1, 7, 7 Weissenb. ad loc.:

morte occumbentis,

id. 8, 10, 4:

ambo pro republicā morte occubuisse,

id. 38, 58.—

With morti (perh. only poet.): pro vostrā vitā morti occumbant obviam. Enn. ap. Serv. Verg. A. 2, 62 (Trag. v. 176 Vahl.); so,

certae morti, Verg. A. l. l.: neci,

Ov. M. 15, 499.—

To succumb to, fall by the hand of one ( poet.).—With dat.:

Rullo ditissimus agri Occumbis,

Sil. 5, 260; Claud. B. Get. 74.—With per:

per te vidit Vulcani occumbere prolem,

Ov. M. 7, 437. —

Like accumbere, to lie at table, Afran. ap. Non. 97, 29.

occīdo ( obc-), cīdi, cīsum, 3 (occisit for occiderit, Lex Num. Pompil. ap. Paul. ex Fest. s. v. occisum. pp. 178 and 179; also Lex XII. Tab. ap. Macr. S. 1, 4), v. a. [ob-caedo], to strike down, strike to the ground; to beat, smash, crush.

Lit.

In gen. (very rare):

aliquem pugnis,

Ter. Ad. 4, 2, 20:

occare id est comminuere, ne sit glaeba: quod ita occidunt, occare dictum,

to crush, Varr. R. R. 1, 31, 1:

occisum ad mortem,

wounded to death, Vulg. Apoc. 13, 3.—

In partic., to strike or cut down; to cut off, kill, slay (class. and very freq.; syn.: interficio, trucido, obtrunco): summus ibi capitur meddix: occiditur alter, Enn. ap. Paul. ex Fest. p. 123 Müll. (Ann. v. 296 Vahl.):

L. Virginius filiam suā manu occidit,

Cic. Fin. 2, 20, 66:

ejus copias,

id. Phil. 14, 14, 36:

ipse pro castris fortissime pugnans occiditur,

Caes. B. G. 5, 36: occidione occidere, to completely cut off, destroy; v. occidio:

ad unum omnes,

to cut off all to the last man, Liv. 3, 23:

aliquem veneno,

to destroy with poison, Suet. Claud. 44; Just. 3, 2, 1:

occisus videtur non tantum qui per vim aut per caedem interfectus est, velut jugulatus... sed et is qui veneno Necatus dicitur,

Paul. Sent. 3, 5, 2 sqq.; cf.:

et occidet eum lingua viperae,

Vulg. Job, 20, 16:

occisa sunt in terrae motu,

id. Apoc. 11, 13:

dedistine ei gladium qui se occideret?

Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 92: cum ipse se conaretur occidere, Cic. ap. Quint. 5, 10, 69; so,

se occidere,

Curt. 6, 10, 18; Quint. 7, 3, 7; Suet. Vit. 10; Eutr. 1, 8; 6, 24; Lact. 3, 18, 8; cf.:

occidit, adversariumne? immo vero aiunt se et eum, quem defendit,

Cic. de Or. 2, 74, 302.—

Transf.

To plague to death; to torture, torment, pester (cf. exanimo, II. B.; very rare;

not in Cic. or Cæs.): occidis me, cum istuc rogitas,

Plaut. Ps. 4, 1, 21:

aliā occidis fabulā,

id. Men. 5, 5, 23:

occidis saepe rogando,

Hor. Epod. 14, 5:

legendo,

id. A. P. 475.—

To ruin, undo:

occidisti me tuis fallaciis,

Ter. Phorm. 4, 3, 67.—Hence, oc-cīsus, a, um, P. a., ruined, lost, unfortunate, undone (Plautin.):

occisa est haec res, nisi, etc.,

Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 7.— Sup.:

occisissimus sum omnium, qui vivunt,

I am the most unfortunate, Plaut. Cas. 3, 5, 53.

occĭdo, cĭdi, cāsum, 3, v. n. [obcado], to fall down, fall.

Lit.

In gen. (rare):

et alia Signa de caelo ad terram occidunt,

Plaut. Rud. prol. 8: ut alii [p. 1251] super alios occiderent, Liv. 21, 35:

arbores ita inciderant, ut momento levi impulsae occiderent,

id. 23, 24.—

In partic.

Of the heavenly bodies, to go down, set (class.): prope jam occidente sole, Pac. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 14, 24:

soles occidere, et redire possunt: Nobis, cum semel occidit brevis lux, Nox est perpetua una dormienda,

Cat. 5, 4:

Capra, Aquila, Canicula,

Col. 11, 2, 94:

occasura pars caeli,

i. e. western, Plin. 2, 25, 23, § 92: SOL OCCASVS SVPREMA TEMPESTAS ESTO, i. e. sundown, sunset, Lex XII. Tab.; cf. Gell. 17, 2, 10 (Varr. L. L. 6, § 5 Müll., gives, instead of it, OCCASVS SOLIS; v. 2. occasus); so,

ante solem obcasum,

before sunset, Plaut. Ep. 1, 2, 41:

donec lux occidat,

Juv. 13, 158.—Fig.:

non occidet ultra sol tuus,

Vulg. Isa. 60, 20.—

Pregn., to fall, perish, die (class.;

syn.: obeo, pereo, intereo): exstincto calore, occidimus ipsi et extinguimur,

Cic. N. D. 2, 9, 23:

in bello,

id. Fam. 9, 5, 2:

Eudemus proelians ad Syracusas occidit,

id. Div. 1, 25, 53:

sperans hostium saevitiā facile eum occasurum,

Sall. J. 7, 2:

occiderit ferro Priamus?

Verg. A. 2, 581: dextrā suā, to die by one's own hand (by suicide), id. ib. 12, 659:

minimo vulnere,

Ov. M. 6, 265.—

Transf., to perish, be ruined, lost, etc.

Of persons:

sin plane occidimus,

Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 4, 4.—So, esp., occidi, an exclamation of despair, I am lost, undone, Plaut. Stich. 2, 3, 75; Ter. And. 3, 4, 26:

nulla sum, nulla sum: tota tota occidi,

Plaut. Cas. 3, 5, 1:

occidimus funditus,

Verg. A. 11, 413.—

Of things:

non hercle occiderunt mihi etiam fundique atque aedes,

I have not yet lost, Plaut. Truc. 1, 2, 72:

occidit spes nostra,

is gone, id. Most. 2, 1, 2:

lumen (oculorum),

Lucr. 3, 414:

dolus,

Plaut. Truc. 2, 5, 6:

causa,

Lucr. 2, 790:

rem publicam occidere,

Cic. Dom. 30, 96:

vita,

id. Tusc. 1, 45, 109:

occidit ornatus (mundi),

perishes, id. Ac. 2, 38, 119:

vestra beneficia occasura esse,

id. Mil. 36, 100.—Hence, occĭdens, entis, P. a.; as subst., m., the quarter of the setting sun, the west, the occident (class.):

ab oriente ad occidentem,

Cic. N. D. 2, 66, 164:

vel occidentis usque ad ultimum sinum,

Hor. Epod. 1, 13:

cui se oriens occidensque submiserat,

Plin. 7, 30, 31, § 112:

validissima in se civium arma viribus occidentis coepta,

Tac. H. 2, 6: partes mundi, Paul. ex Fest. p. 339 Müll.

occīdo, for occedo, q. v.

occumbo ( obc-), cŭbui, cŭbĭtum, 3, v. n. [ob-cumbo, cubo], to fall or sink down (cf.: occido, obeo, oppeto); hence,

To go down, to set, of the heavenly bodies (postclass.):

cometes cum oriretur occumberetque,

Just. 37, 2, 3:

cum sol occumberet,

Vulg. Gen. 15, 12; id. 3 Reg. 22, 36.—

To fall dying, to die (the class. signif. of the word); constr. absol. or with mortem, morte, or morti.

Absol.: cum veter occubuit Priamus, fell, Enn. ap. Prisc. p. 607 P. (Ann. v. 17 Vahl.):

aut occubuissem honeste, aut victores hodie viveremus,

Cic. Att. 3, 15, 4: pro libertate cos occubuisse, Suet. Aug. 12 fin.:

circa se dimicans occubuerat,

id. Tit. 4:

fertur et ante annos occubuisse suos,

Ov. A. A. 3, 18:

dederat ne ferro occumbere posset,

id. M. 12, 207:

acie,

Suet. Ner. 2.—

With mortem or morte (the vacillation of MSS. between these two forms makes it difficult to ascertain which was the prevailing one; cf. Zumpt, Gr. § 387;

Krebs, Antibarb. p. 790): pro patriā mortem (al. morte) occumbere,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 42, 102 (Kühner, Moser, Orelli, and Baiter have mortem, Klotz and Fischer morte):

quod liberata patria... mortem occubuisset,

Liv. 2, 7, 8; 3, 50, 8; 26, 25, 14:

qui pugnantes mortem occubuissent,

id. 31, 18, 6. —So, too, letum, Enn. ap. Prisc. p. 725 P. (Ann. v. 390 Vahl.):

necem voluntariam,

Suet. Aug. 13 (al., with inferior MSS., nece voluntariā):

ictus clavā morte occubuit,

Liv. 1, 7, 7 Weissenb. ad loc.:

morte occumbentis,

id. 8, 10, 4:

ambo pro republicā morte occubuisse,

id. 38, 58.—

With morti (perh. only poet.): pro vostrā vitā morti occumbant obviam. Enn. ap. Serv. Verg. A. 2, 62 (Trag. v. 176 Vahl.); so,

certae morti, Verg. A. l. l.: neci,

Ov. M. 15, 499.—

To succumb to, fall by the hand of one ( poet.).—With dat.:

Rullo ditissimus agri Occumbis,

Sil. 5, 260; Claud. B. Get. 74.—With per:

per te vidit Vulcani occumbere prolem,

Ov. M. 7, 437. —

Like accumbere, to lie at table, Afran. ap. Non. 97, 29.

Pĕlasgi, ōrum, m., = Pelasgoi, the oldest inhabitants of Greece, who were spread likewise over a part of Asia Minor, and over Crete, Latium, and Etruria, Serv. Verg. A. 2, 83; 8, 600; Mel. 1, 16; 19; 2, 2; Plin. 3, 5, 8, § 50.—

Transf., poet., Greeks:

quem... Pelasgi... Demisere neci,

Verg. A. 2, 83; Ov. M. 12, 19; 13, 13; 14, 562; id. F. 2, 281 al.—Hence,

Pĕ-lasgĭa, ae, f., and Pĕlasgis, ĭdis, f.

An old name of the Peloponnesus, Plin. 4, 4, 5, § 9.—

A district of Thessaly, Plin. 4, 7, 14, § 28.—

The isle of Lesbos, Plin. 5, 31, 39, § 139.—

Pĕlasgĭas, ădis, adj. f., Pelasgian, poet. for Grecian:

Pelasgiades urbes,

Ov. H. 9, 3.—

Pĕlasgis, ĭdis, adj. f., Pelasgian, poet. for Grecian, Lesbian:

P. Sappho,

Ov. H. 15, 217.—

Pĕlasgus, a, um, adj., Pelasgian, for Grecian: cum veter occubuit Priamus sub Marte Pelasgo, Enn. ap. Prisc. p. 607 P (Ann. v. 17 Vahl.):

pubes Pelasga,

Verg. A. 9, 154:

ars,

id. ib. 2, 152:

quercus,

Dodonean, Ov. A. A. 2, 541:

laurus,

Plin. 15, 30, 39, § 132.

Pĕlasgi, ōrum, m., = Pelasgoi, the oldest inhabitants of Greece, who were spread likewise over a part of Asia Minor, and over Crete, Latium, and Etruria, Serv. Verg. A. 2, 83; 8, 600; Mel. 1, 16; 19; 2, 2; Plin. 3, 5, 8, § 50.—

Transf., poet., Greeks:

quem... Pelasgi... Demisere neci,

Verg. A. 2, 83; Ov. M. 12, 19; 13, 13; 14, 562; id. F. 2, 281 al.—Hence,

Pĕ-lasgĭa, ae, f., and Pĕlasgis, ĭdis, f.

An old name of the Peloponnesus, Plin. 4, 4, 5, § 9.—

A district of Thessaly, Plin. 4, 7, 14, § 28.—

The isle of Lesbos, Plin. 5, 31, 39, § 139.—

Pĕlasgĭas, ădis, adj. f., Pelasgian, poet. for Grecian:

Pelasgiades urbes,

Ov. H. 9, 3.—

Pĕlasgis, ĭdis, adj. f., Pelasgian, poet. for Grecian, Lesbian:

P. Sappho,

Ov. H. 15, 217.—

Pĕlasgus, a, um, adj., Pelasgian, for Grecian: cum veter occubuit Priamus sub Marte Pelasgo, Enn. ap. Prisc. p. 607 P (Ann. v. 17 Vahl.):

pubes Pelasga,

Verg. A. 9, 154:

ars,

id. ib. 2, 152:

quercus,

Dodonean, Ov. A. A. 2, 541:

laurus,

Plin. 15, 30, 39, § 132.

Pĕlasgi, ōrum, m., = Pelasgoi, the oldest inhabitants of Greece, who were spread likewise over a part of Asia Minor, and over Crete, Latium, and Etruria, Serv. Verg. A. 2, 83; 8, 600; Mel. 1, 16; 19; 2, 2; Plin. 3, 5, 8, § 50.—

Transf., poet., Greeks:

quem... Pelasgi... Demisere neci,

Verg. A. 2, 83; Ov. M. 12, 19; 13, 13; 14, 562; id. F. 2, 281 al.—Hence,

Pĕ-lasgĭa, ae, f., and Pĕlasgis, ĭdis, f.

An old name of the Peloponnesus, Plin. 4, 4, 5, § 9.—

A district of Thessaly, Plin. 4, 7, 14, § 28.—

The isle of Lesbos, Plin. 5, 31, 39, § 139.—

Pĕlasgĭas, ădis, adj. f., Pelasgian, poet. for Grecian:

Pelasgiades urbes,

Ov. H. 9, 3.—

Pĕlasgis, ĭdis, adj. f., Pelasgian, poet. for Grecian, Lesbian:

P. Sappho,

Ov. H. 15, 217.—

Pĕlasgus, a, um, adj., Pelasgian, for Grecian: cum veter occubuit Priamus sub Marte Pelasgo, Enn. ap. Prisc. p. 607 P (Ann. v. 17 Vahl.):

pubes Pelasga,

Verg. A. 9, 154:

ars,

id. ib. 2, 152:

quercus,

Dodonean, Ov. A. A. 2, 541:

laurus,

Plin. 15, 30, 39, § 132.

Pĕlasgi, ōrum, m., = Pelasgoi, the oldest inhabitants of Greece, who were spread likewise over a part of Asia Minor, and over Crete, Latium, and Etruria, Serv. Verg. A. 2, 83; 8, 600; Mel. 1, 16; 19; 2, 2; Plin. 3, 5, 8, § 50.—

Transf., poet., Greeks:

quem... Pelasgi... Demisere neci,

Verg. A. 2, 83; Ov. M. 12, 19; 13, 13; 14, 562; id. F. 2, 281 al.—Hence,

Pĕ-lasgĭa, ae, f., and Pĕlasgis, ĭdis, f.

An old name of the Peloponnesus, Plin. 4, 4, 5, § 9.—

A district of Thessaly, Plin. 4, 7, 14, § 28.—

The isle of Lesbos, Plin. 5, 31, 39, § 139.—

Pĕlasgĭas, ădis, adj. f., Pelasgian, poet. for Grecian:

Pelasgiades urbes,

Ov. H. 9, 3.—

Pĕlasgis, ĭdis, adj. f., Pelasgian, poet. for Grecian, Lesbian:

P. Sappho,

Ov. H. 15, 217.—

Pĕlasgus, a, um, adj., Pelasgian, for Grecian: cum veter occubuit Priamus sub Marte Pelasgo, Enn. ap. Prisc. p. 607 P (Ann. v. 17 Vahl.):

pubes Pelasga,

Verg. A. 9, 154:

ars,

id. ib. 2, 152:

quercus,

Dodonean, Ov. A. A. 2, 541:

laurus,

Plin. 15, 30, 39, § 132.

Pĕlasgi, ōrum, m., = Pelasgoi, the oldest inhabitants of Greece, who were spread likewise over a part of Asia Minor, and over Crete, Latium, and Etruria, Serv. Verg. A. 2, 83; 8, 600; Mel. 1, 16; 19; 2, 2; Plin. 3, 5, 8, § 50.—

Transf., poet., Greeks:

quem... Pelasgi... Demisere neci,

Verg. A. 2, 83; Ov. M. 12, 19; 13, 13; 14, 562; id. F. 2, 281 al.—Hence,

Pĕ-lasgĭa, ae, f., and Pĕlasgis, ĭdis, f.

An old name of the Peloponnesus, Plin. 4, 4, 5, § 9.—

A district of Thessaly, Plin. 4, 7, 14, § 28.—

The isle of Lesbos, Plin. 5, 31, 39, § 139.—

Pĕlasgĭas, ădis, adj. f., Pelasgian, poet. for Grecian:

Pelasgiades urbes,

Ov. H. 9, 3.—

Pĕlasgis, ĭdis, adj. f., Pelasgian, poet. for Grecian, Lesbian:

P. Sappho,

Ov. H. 15, 217.—

Pĕlasgus, a, um, adj., Pelasgian, for Grecian: cum veter occubuit Priamus sub Marte Pelasgo, Enn. ap. Prisc. p. 607 P (Ann. v. 17 Vahl.):

pubes Pelasga,

Verg. A. 9, 154:

ars,

id. ib. 2, 152:

quercus,

Dodonean, Ov. A. A. 2, 541:

laurus,

Plin. 15, 30, 39, § 132.

quīn, conj. [abl. quī and ne].

As an interrog. particle, why not? wherefore not? (only in exhortation or remonstrance; not in inquiring for a fact; cf.: quidni, cur non).

Usu. with indic. pres.:

quid stas, lapis? Quin accipis?

Ter. Heaut. 4, 7, 4:

quin experimur,

id. Phorm. 3, 3, 5 Fleck. (Umpf experiemur):

quin continetis vocem?

Cic. Rab. Perd. 6, 18:

quin potius pacem aeternam Exercemus?

Verg. A. 4, 99:

quin igitur ulciscimur Graeciam?

Curt. 5, 7, 4:

quin conscendimus equos?

why not mount our horses? Liv. 1, 57.—

With imper.:

quin me aspice et contempla,

Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 16:

quin uno verbo dic, quid est, quod me velis,

just say in one word! Ter. And. 1, 1, 18:

quin tu hoc crimen obice ubi licet agere,

i. e. you had better, Cic. Rosc. Com. 9, 25. —

With subj. only in orat. obliq.:

quin illi congrederentur acie inclinandamque semel fortunae rem darent,

Liv. 3, 61, 14; 4, 43, 11; 40, 40, 4.—

Transf.

As a rel. particle, prop. quī or qui ne, and mostly where the rel. stands for a nom. masc. or for abl. of time, who... not, that not, but that, but, often = Engl. without and a participial clause.

In gen.:

curiosus nemo est quin sit malevolus,

Plaut. Stich. 2, 1, 54:

neque aequom est occultum id haberi, quin participem te,

id. Aul. 2, 1, 13; id. Cas. 2, 8, 68:

nulla causast quin me condones cruci,

id. Rud. 4, 4, 26:

ut nullo modo Introire possem, quin me viderent,

Ter. Eun. 5, 2, 2:

facere non possum, quin ad te mittam,

I cannot forbear sending to you, Cic. Att. 12, 27, 3:

cum causae nihil esset, quin secus indicaret,

id. Quint. 9, 32:

nihil abest, quin sim miserrimus,

id. Att. 11, 15, 3:

neminem conveni, quin omnes mihi maximas gratias agant,

id. Fam. 9, 14, 1:

nemo est, quin ubivis quam ibi ubi est, esse malit,

id. ib. 6, 1, 1:

repertus est nemo quin mori diceret satius est,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 36, § 88:

nemo, qui aliquo esset in numero, scripsit orationem quin redigeret omnis sententias, etc.,

id. Or. 61, 208:

nihil praetermisi, quin enucleate ad te scriberem,

id. Q. Fr. 3, 3, 1:

neque ullus flare ventus poterat quin aliquā ex parte secundum cursum haberent,

Caes. B. C. 3, 47:

nulli ex itinere excedere licebat quin ab equitatu Caesaris exciperetur,

without being cut off, id. ib. 1, 79:

nullum fere tempus intermiserunt, quin trans Rhenum legatos mitterent,

without sending, id. B. G. 5, 55:

in castello nemo fuit omnino militum quin vulneraretur,

id. B. C. 3, 53:

quid recusare potest, quin et socii sibi consulant,

Liv. 32, 21: vix superat, quin triumphus decernatur, it wants little that, Quadrig. ap. Gell. 17, 13, 5:

paene factum est, quin castra relinquerentur,

i.e. they were very near deserting their camp, id. ib. 17, 13, 5.— So quin (= quī non) stands for a rel. abl. of time:

neque ullum fere tempus intercessit quin aliquem de motu Gallorum nuntium acciperet,

Caes. B. G. 5, 53.— More rarely quin stands for quae non, quod non, etc.: nulla est civitas quin ad id tempus partem senatus Cordubam mitteret. Caes. B. C. 2, 19:

nulla fuit Thessaliae civitas quin Caesari pareret,

id. ib. 3, 81:

nulla (natura), quin suam vim retineat,

Cic. Fin. 4, 13, 32:

horum autem nihil est quin intereat,

id. N. D. 3, 12, 30; id. Rep. 1, 2, 2: nihil est quin male narrando possit depravari, Ter. [p. 1513] Phorm. 4, 4, 16:

nihil tam difficilest quin investigare possiet,

id. Heant. 4, 2, 8:

cum nemo esset, quin hoc se audisse liquido diceret,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 59, § 136:

Messanam nemo venit, quin viderit,

id. ib. 2, 4, 4, §

7: nego ullam picturam fuisse, quin inspexerit,

id. ib. 2, 4, 1, § 1; cf. Gell. 17, 13, 2 sq., and Cato ap. Gell. ib. § 3.— 2. Esp. after words expressing hesitation (usu. with neg.):

non dubitaturum, quin cederet, Cic Mil. 23, 63: nolite dubitare, quin,

id. Imp. Pomp. 23, 68:

et vos non dubitatis, quin,

id. Agr. 2, 26, 69:

dubitatis, Quirites, quin hoc tantum boni in rem publicam conferatis?

id. Imp. Pomp. 16, 49. —

Much more freq. after words expressing doubt, ignorance, etc.:

non dubitabat, quin,

Cic. Att. 6, 2, 3:

cave dubites, quin,

id. Fam. 5, 20, 6:

non dubitabat quin... non posset,

id. Att. 5, 11, 7; id. Tusc. 1, 36, 88:

non esse dubium, quin... possent,

no doubt that, Caes. B. G. 1, 4; Ter. And. 2, 3, 17:

neque abest suspicio, quin,

a suspicion that, Caes. B. G. 1, 4:

quis ignerat, quin?

who is ignorant that? who does not know that? Cic. Fl. 27, 64:

dies fere nullus est, quin hic Satyrus domum meam ventitet,

hardly a day passes that he does not come, id. Att. 1, 1, 3.—

That not, as if not, as though not:

non quin ipse dissentiam, sed quod,

not but that, Cic. Fam. 4, 7, 1: non quin breviter reddi responsum potuerit, Liv 2, 15. —

For corroboration.

But, indeed, really, verily, of a truth:

Hercle quin tu recte dicis,

Plaut. Merc. 2, 3, 77: credo;

neque id injuria: quin Mihi molestum est,

Ter. Heaut. 3, 3, 20:

te nec hortor, nec rogo, ut domum redeas, quin hinc ipse evolare cupio,

Cic. Fam. 7, 30, 1.— Esp. in reaching a climax or adding a stronger assertion or proof: quin etiam, yea indeed, nay even:

credibile non est, quantum scribam die: quin etiam noctibus,

Cic. Att. 13, 26, 3; 14, 21, 3:

quin etiam necesse crit cupere et optare, ut, etc.,

id. Lael. 16, 59:

quin etiam voces jactare,

Verg. A. 2, 768: mortem non esse metuendam, quin etiam si, etc., nay, not even if, etc., Lact. 3, 27 fin.; cf.:

quin et Atridas Priamus fefellit,

Hor. C. 1, 10, 13.—

Rather, yea rather:

nihil ea res animum militaris viri imminuit, quin contra plus spei naotus,

Liv. 35, 26.—

In corrections, nay, rather:

non potest dici satis quantum in illo sceleris fuerit, Quin sic attendite, judices, etc.,

Cic. Mil. 29, 78 sq. (cf. Halm ad loc., and Lorenz ad Plaut. Most. 164).

somnĭum, ii, n. [id.].

Lit., a dream, Cic. Div. 1, 20, 39; 2, 58, 119; Plin. 10, 75, 98, § 211; Macr. Somn. Scip. 1, 3; Lact. Opif. Dei, 18: rex Priamus somnio perculsus, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 21, 42 (Trag. v. 59 Vahl.):

dum huic conicio somnium,

interpret, Plaut. Curc. 2, 2, 3; cf. id. Rud. 3, 1, 19:

interpretes somniorum,

Cic. Div. 1, 58, 132:

jucundissima somnia,

id. Fin. 5, 20, 55:

per somnia loquentes,

talking in their sleep, Lucr. 5, 1158; cf.:

quae somnio visa fuerant,

Liv. 8, 6, 11 Weissenb.—

Personified: Somnia, dreams, as divinities, Cic. N. D. 3, 17, 44; Ov. M. 11, 588; 11, 614 sq—

Transf.

For any thing idle, silly, or without foundation (cf. somnio, II.), a dream, an idle whim or fancy, stuff, nonsense:

tu, quantus quantus, nihil nisi sapientia es: Ille somnium,

Ter. Ad. 3, 3, 41:

de argento, somnium,

id. ib. 2, 1, 50; id. Phorm. 5, 6, 34.— Plur.:

fabulae!... logi!... somnia!

Ter. Phorm. 3, 2, 9:

et vigilans stertis nec somnia cernere cessas,

visions, Lucr. 3, 1048; cf. id. 1, 105:

spes inanes et velut somnia quaedam vigilantium,

Quint. 6, 2, 30: exposui fere non philosophorum judicia, sed delirantium somnia, Cic. N. D. 1, 16, 42:

Chrysippus Stoicorum somniorum vaferrimus interpres,

id. ib. 1, 15, 39:

leviter curare videtur, Quo promissa cadant et somnia Pythagorea,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 52.—

Poet.:

Somnus, tibi somnia tristia portans,

i. e. fatal sleep, Verg. A. 5, 840.