-
61 meet
1) удовлетворять, отвечать, соответствовать2) оплачивать3) опровергать, оспаривать•to meet a bill — оплатить вексель;
to meet a burden — принять на себя бремя; взять на себя ответственность;
to meet a claim — подготовить возражения против иска; оспаривать иск;
to meet a commitment — выполнить обязательство;
to meet a condition — удовлетворять условию;
to meet a fact — оспаривать факт;
to meet an argument — оспаривать довод;
to meet a presumption — опровергнуть презумпцию;
to meet a requirement — удовлетворить требованию;
to meet a standard — соответствовать стандарту;
-
62 proof
1) доказательство, доказательства2) доказывание3) доказанность4) судебное следствие; шотл. рассмотрение дела судьёй вместо суда присяжных5) пробный оттиск, корректура•proof and hearing — судебное следствие и выступления сторон;
proof beyond all reasonable doubt — доказанность при полном отсутствии оснований для сомнения в ней;
proof beyond any reasonable doubt — доказанность при отсутствии какого-л. основания для сомнения в ней;
proof beyond reasonable doubt — доказанность при отсутствии обоснованного в ней сомнения ( критерий доказанности обвинения);
proof by admission — см. proof of admission 1., 2., 3.;
proof by affidavit — 1. доказательство, полученное с помощью аффидевита 2. доказывание посредством аффидевита 3. установление факта с помощью аффидевита;
proof by circumstantial [indirect] evidence — доказывание или доказанность косвенными доказательствами;
proof by confession — см. proof of confession 1., 2., 3., 4.;
proof by direct evidence — доказывание или доказанность прямыми доказательствами;
proof by evidence — см. proof of evidence 1., 2., 3.;
proof by notoriety — осведомлённость суда, судейская осведомлённость (в отношении фактов, полагаемых известными суду без доказательств);
proof by presumption — доказывание по презумпции;
proof by testimony — 1. доказывание посредством свидетельских показаний 2. доказанность свидетельскими показаниями;
proof from the contrary — 1. доказательство от противного 2. доказывание от противного 3. доказанность от противного;
proof on a preponderance of probabilities — доказанность наличием большей вероятности ( критерий доказанности в гражданском процессе);
to develop proof — представить или получить доказательства;
to take proof — получить доказательства;
- proof of attestationproof to the contrary — 1. доказательство противного 2. доказывание противного 3. доказанность противного
- proof of confession
- proof of consistency
- proof of evidence
- proof of fact
- proof of official record
- proof of record
- proof of witness
- affirmative proof
- affirmative proof of loss
- categorical proof
- circular proof
- circumstantial proof
- clear proof
- conclusive proof
- controvertible proof
- conviction proof
- crucial proof
- direct proof
- evident proof
- formal proof
- foundation proof
- foundational proof
- hard proof
- incontrovertible proof
- independent proof
- indirect proof
- indubitable proof
- infallible proof
- inferential proof
- irrefutable proof
- judgement proof
- literal proof
- negative proof
- positive proof
- presumptive proof
- relevant proof
- reliable proof
- satisfactory proof
- substantial proof
- testimonial proof
- uncontrovertible proof
- virtual proof
- decisive proof -
63 assumption
1. n принятие на себя2. n юр. принятие на себя устного или письменного обязательства3. n присвоение, захват4. n притворство5. n высокомерие, надменность; самонадеянность6. n предположение, допущение; исходное положениеwe proceed from the assumption that … — мы исходим из того, что …
7. n лог. исходная посылка силлогизма8. n рел. взятие живым на небо9. n рел. УспениеСинонимический ряд:1. appropriation (noun) accepting; appropriation; assuming; shouldering; taking over2. arrogance (noun) arrogance; brass; conceit; contumely; effrontery; forwardness; haughtiness; nerve; pride3. face (noun) brashness; brazenness; cheek; cheekiness; face; familiarity; gall; presumptuousness; temerity4. seizure (noun) arrogation; pre-emption; seizure; usurpation5. supposition (noun) apriorism; conjecture; hypothesis; posit; postulate; postulation; premise; presumption; presupposition; supposition; surmise; theory; thesisАнтонимический ряд:fact; knowledge; rejection; surrender -
64 conjecture
1. n предположение, догадка2. n лингв. конъектура3. v предполагать, строить догадки, гадатьI conjecture what will happen — я догадываюсь о том, что произойдёт
Синонимический ряд:1. guess (noun) deduction; guess; hypothesis; opinion; perhaps; premise; presumption; shot in the dark; speculation; suppose; supposition; surmise; suspicion; theory2. theory (noun) speculation; theory3. speculate (verb) conclude; guess; hypothesise; hypothesize; imagine; infer; presume; pretend; speculate; suppose; surmise; think; ventureАнтонимический ряд:calculation; certainty; computation; deduction; determine; fact; inference; proof; reckoning; truth -
65 guess
1. n догадка; предположениеto make a guess at what will happen — высказать догадку о том, что произойдёт
2. n приблизительный подсчётat a guess, by guess — приблизительно, примерно, по грубому подсчёту
3. v догадываться; предполагатьguess who did it! — догадайтесь, кто это сделал!
4. v приблизительно определятьcan you guess his weight? — как вы думаете, сколько он весит?
5. v угадывать, отгадывать6. v понимать, заключать7. v амер. разг. думать, считать, полагатьI guess we shall see him soon — думаю, что мы скоро увидим его
Синонимический ряд:1. conjecture (noun) assumption; conjecture; estimation; hypothesis; idea; inference; notion; opinion; postulate; presumption; presupposition; speculation; supposition; surmise; theory2. forecast (noun) forecast; prediction; prophecy3. believe (verb) believe; imagine; suggest; venture4. conjecture (verb) assume; conjecture; infer; presume; pretend; suppose; surmise; suspect; think5. forecast (verb) forecast; prophesy6. predict (verb) call; predictАнтонимический ряд:certainty; fact; know -
66 hypothesis
n гипотеза, предположениеon the hypothesis that … — в предположении, что …
Синонимический ряд:1. conjecture (noun) assumption; conjecture; guess; notion; presumption; presupposition2. postulate (noun) postulate; premise; supposal; supposition; theorem; theory; thesis3. tentative assumptions (noun) assumptions; basis for discussion; educated guess; preliminary layout; tentative assumptions; unproved theoryАнтонимический ряд: -
67 supposition
n предположение, гипотезаon the supposition that … — предположим, что …
Синонимический ряд:theory (noun) apriorism; assuming; assumption; conjecture; guess; guessing; hypothesis; perhaps; posit; postulate; postulation; premise; presumption; presupposition; principle; speculation; suppose; surmise; theory; thesisАнтонимический ряд: -
68 γοῦν
γοῦν or [full] γ' οὖν, [dialect] Ion. and [dialect] Dor. [full] γῶν ([etym.] γε οὖν); restrictive Particle with an inferential force,A at least then, freq. scarcely distinguishable from simple γε: twice in Hom. (with a second γε added),εἴ γ' οὖν ἕτερός γε φύγῃσιν Il.5.258
;μὴ ἐμέ γ' οὖν οὗτός γε 16.30
(soἔοικα γοῦν τούτου γε.. σοφώτερος εἶναι Pl.Ap. 21d
); freq. later,δοκέων πάγχυ δευτερεῖα γῶν οἴσεσθαι Hdt.1.31
;γνώσει.. ὀψὲ γοῦν τὸ σωφρονεῖν A. Ag. 1425
, cf. 432 (lyr.), etc.; freq. in adducing an instance, or a fact giving rise to a presumption, Heraclit.58, Th.1.2, X.Cyr.1.5.8; τὸν γοῦν ἄλλον χρόνον in past time at all events, D.20.16; emphasizing a personal or possessive pronoun,τὸ γ. ἐμόν S.OT 626
, cf. Ant.45; introducing an apodosis, Pl.Alc.1.112b; simply emphatic, why yes, E.Ph. 618, Pl.Sph. 219d, etc.; each Particle has its full force in τὰς γοῦν Ἀθήνας οἶδα well ([etym.] οὖν), I know Athens ([etym.] γε), S.OC24:—freq. separated by a word,πάνυ γ' ἂν οὖν Ar.Ec. 806
, cf. Th.1.76, etc.:— rarely γε οὖν in full, D.H.2.56 codd. (The negat. form is οὔκουν.. γε.) -
69 בדק
בָּדַק(b. h. √בד, v. בדד) to split, break into, penetrate. Keth.XIII, 9 הנוה היפה בּוֹדֵק the removal to a better residence (and style of living) penetrates (the body and creates disease); v. ib. 110b מא׳ ב׳ כדשמואלוכ׳ what does bodek mean? Answ. As it is expressed by Samuel …, a change of the mode of living (v. וֶסֶת) is the beginning of abdominal disease.Esp. 1) to search, examine, investigate, try. Sot.V, 1 as well as the water בּוֹדְקִין אותהוכ׳ tries her (eventually makes her sick), so does it try him (the adulterer). Pes.I, 1 ב׳ את החמץ leavened bread is searched after (for the sake of removing it). Ib. 9b (בית) בָּדוּק a house which has been searched. Snh.III, 6 ב׳ את העדים the witnesses are cross-examined, Ib. IV, 5; v. דְּרִישָׁה. Sabb.139a וכ׳ בְּדוֹק בדיינו investigate the doings of the Israelitish judges. Keth.VII, 8 הוא בּוֹדְקָהּוכ׳ he has her examined (as to bodily soundness) by his female relatives. Ib. 75b חזקה אין … אא׳׳כ בּוֹדְקוֹ the presumption is that nobody will drink out of a cup, unless he has examined it (will not marry a woman before ascertaining her physical condition). Kidd.IV, 4 צריך לבְדוֹק אחריהוכ׳ must investigate her family records up to four mothers Ib. 5 אין בודקין מןוכ׳ no family records are searched beyond the altar, i. e. the ascertained fact of a persons admission to priestly services is sufficient evidence of unblemished descent for marriage purposes. Nidd.30b ובדקן ומצאן (read ובדקו ומצאו) they (the scholars) examined (made a post mortem examination); Tosef. ib. IV, 17; Bekh.45a; a. fr. 2) to tend, cure (plants), esp. to cover with earth or manure. Tosef.Shebi.I, 12; T. ib. IV, 35b bot. Nif. נִבְדַּק to be examined Y.Gitt.I, 43b; IX, end, 50d נ׳ השם the report was traced. Nidd.V, 6 נדריה נִבְדָּקִין her vows are subject to examination (to find out whether she knows the import of a vow); a. fr. -
70 בָּדַק
בָּדַק(b. h. √בד, v. בדד) to split, break into, penetrate. Keth.XIII, 9 הנוה היפה בּוֹדֵק the removal to a better residence (and style of living) penetrates (the body and creates disease); v. ib. 110b מא׳ ב׳ כדשמואלוכ׳ what does bodek mean? Answ. As it is expressed by Samuel …, a change of the mode of living (v. וֶסֶת) is the beginning of abdominal disease.Esp. 1) to search, examine, investigate, try. Sot.V, 1 as well as the water בּוֹדְקִין אותהוכ׳ tries her (eventually makes her sick), so does it try him (the adulterer). Pes.I, 1 ב׳ את החמץ leavened bread is searched after (for the sake of removing it). Ib. 9b (בית) בָּדוּק a house which has been searched. Snh.III, 6 ב׳ את העדים the witnesses are cross-examined, Ib. IV, 5; v. דְּרִישָׁה. Sabb.139a וכ׳ בְּדוֹק בדיינו investigate the doings of the Israelitish judges. Keth.VII, 8 הוא בּוֹדְקָהּוכ׳ he has her examined (as to bodily soundness) by his female relatives. Ib. 75b חזקה אין … אא׳׳כ בּוֹדְקוֹ the presumption is that nobody will drink out of a cup, unless he has examined it (will not marry a woman before ascertaining her physical condition). Kidd.IV, 4 צריך לבְדוֹק אחריהוכ׳ must investigate her family records up to four mothers Ib. 5 אין בודקין מןוכ׳ no family records are searched beyond the altar, i. e. the ascertained fact of a persons admission to priestly services is sufficient evidence of unblemished descent for marriage purposes. Nidd.30b ובדקן ומצאן (read ובדקו ומצאו) they (the scholars) examined (made a post mortem examination); Tosef. ib. IV, 17; Bekh.45a; a. fr. 2) to tend, cure (plants), esp. to cover with earth or manure. Tosef.Shebi.I, 12; T. ib. IV, 35b bot. Nif. נִבְדַּק to be examined Y.Gitt.I, 43b; IX, end, 50d נ׳ השם the report was traced. Nidd.V, 6 נדריה נִבְדָּקִין her vows are subject to examination (to find out whether she knows the import of a vow); a. fr. -
71 ריעותא
רֵיעוּתָא, רֵע׳f. (v. רִיעַ II) being shaken, unsoundness; unfavorable condition; cause for suspicion or doubt. Ḥull.9a אתיליד(א) ביהר׳ something happened by which the anatomical soundness of the animal is made doubtful (without the possibility of examination). Bets.34a מי מחזקינןר׳וכ׳ as regards slaughtering an animal on the Holy Day, must we take into consideration the fact that the presumption in favor of the soundness of the animal is shaken (and therefore abstain from slaughtering it) or not? Nidd.2b התם איכא תרתי לר׳ … חדא לר׳ in that case there are two causes for suspicion, in this there is only one. Ib. 3a; a. fr. -
72 רע׳
רֵיעוּתָא, רֵע׳f. (v. רִיעַ II) being shaken, unsoundness; unfavorable condition; cause for suspicion or doubt. Ḥull.9a אתיליד(א) ביהר׳ something happened by which the anatomical soundness of the animal is made doubtful (without the possibility of examination). Bets.34a מי מחזקינןר׳וכ׳ as regards slaughtering an animal on the Holy Day, must we take into consideration the fact that the presumption in favor of the soundness of the animal is shaken (and therefore abstain from slaughtering it) or not? Nidd.2b התם איכא תרתי לר׳ … חדא לר׳ in that case there are two causes for suspicion, in this there is only one. Ib. 3a; a. fr. -
73 רֵיעוּתָא
רֵיעוּתָא, רֵע׳f. (v. רִיעַ II) being shaken, unsoundness; unfavorable condition; cause for suspicion or doubt. Ḥull.9a אתיליד(א) ביהר׳ something happened by which the anatomical soundness of the animal is made doubtful (without the possibility of examination). Bets.34a מי מחזקינןר׳וכ׳ as regards slaughtering an animal on the Holy Day, must we take into consideration the fact that the presumption in favor of the soundness of the animal is shaken (and therefore abstain from slaughtering it) or not? Nidd.2b התם איכא תרתי לר׳ … חדא לר׳ in that case there are two causes for suspicion, in this there is only one. Ib. 3a; a. fr. -
74 רֵע׳
רֵיעוּתָא, רֵע׳f. (v. רִיעַ II) being shaken, unsoundness; unfavorable condition; cause for suspicion or doubt. Ḥull.9a אתיליד(א) ביהר׳ something happened by which the anatomical soundness of the animal is made doubtful (without the possibility of examination). Bets.34a מי מחזקינןר׳וכ׳ as regards slaughtering an animal on the Holy Day, must we take into consideration the fact that the presumption in favor of the soundness of the animal is shaken (and therefore abstain from slaughtering it) or not? Nidd.2b התם איכא תרתי לר׳ … חדא לר׳ in that case there are two causes for suspicion, in this there is only one. Ib. 3a; a. fr. -
75 שקר
שָׁקַר(b. h.) to be false. Gen. R. s. 85, beg. שָׁקַרְתָּ יהודה thou hast been false, O Judah; Yalk. ib. 144; Yalk. Mal. 589. Pi. שִׁיקֵּר 1) same, to lie; to defraud.מה לי לשַׁקּר what reason should I have for making a false statement?, i. e. a persons statement is to be credited, when he gains nothing by it, since he might have obtained the same advantage in another way. Kidd.64b אמרינן מה לי לשקרוכ׳ we apply the principle that we believe him, because he gains nothing by falsehood: for, why should he have said so? In order to release her from leviratical marriage after his death? If so, he might have said to her: I release thee by a divorce. Ib. מה לי לש׳ כי עדים דמי a persons statement accepted on the ground that he had no reason for lying, has the same legal value as the statement of witnesses; מה לי לש׳ כי חזקה דמי it has only the same value as a presumption (חֲזָקָה). Keth.27b מה לי לש׳ אי בעיוכ׳ we must believe him, for, if he had wanted, he might have said Ib. מה לי לש׳ במקום עדיםוכ׳ we do not apply the principle of mah li lshaḳḳer, when the persons statement is contradicted by witnesses (by well-known facts); B. Mets.81b; a. fr.Y.Snh.XI, 30c top (expl. כחש לו, 1 Kings 13:18) שי׳ בו (not ביה) he played him false; Cant. R. to II, 5 שי׳ לו; ib. ומה שי׳ לו שהאכילהווכ׳ and wherein did he play him false? In that he gave him the bread of deceit to eat (made him the recipient of treacherous hospitality). Num. R. s. 2018>; Tanḥ. Balak 12 מְשַׁקֵּר במשקלות, v. מִשְׁקָל; a. fr. 2) to prove false; to contradict, refute. Macc.5a (ref. to Deut. 19:18) עד שתְּשַׁקֵּר גופהוכ׳ until thou disprovest the body of the testimony (provest an alibi of the witnesses). Hithpa. הִשְׁתַּקֵּי, Nithpa. נִשְׁתַּקֵּר to be refuted, be proved to be a liar. Y. ib. I, beg.31a (read:) עדים שנזדממו וחזרו ונִשְׁתַּקְּרוּ if witnesses against whom an alibi had been proved were also proved to have told a falsehood (as to the fact to which they testified). -
76 שָׁקַר
שָׁקַר(b. h.) to be false. Gen. R. s. 85, beg. שָׁקַרְתָּ יהודה thou hast been false, O Judah; Yalk. ib. 144; Yalk. Mal. 589. Pi. שִׁיקֵּר 1) same, to lie; to defraud.מה לי לשַׁקּר what reason should I have for making a false statement?, i. e. a persons statement is to be credited, when he gains nothing by it, since he might have obtained the same advantage in another way. Kidd.64b אמרינן מה לי לשקרוכ׳ we apply the principle that we believe him, because he gains nothing by falsehood: for, why should he have said so? In order to release her from leviratical marriage after his death? If so, he might have said to her: I release thee by a divorce. Ib. מה לי לש׳ כי עדים דמי a persons statement accepted on the ground that he had no reason for lying, has the same legal value as the statement of witnesses; מה לי לש׳ כי חזקה דמי it has only the same value as a presumption (חֲזָקָה). Keth.27b מה לי לש׳ אי בעיוכ׳ we must believe him, for, if he had wanted, he might have said Ib. מה לי לש׳ במקום עדיםוכ׳ we do not apply the principle of mah li lshaḳḳer, when the persons statement is contradicted by witnesses (by well-known facts); B. Mets.81b; a. fr.Y.Snh.XI, 30c top (expl. כחש לו, 1 Kings 13:18) שי׳ בו (not ביה) he played him false; Cant. R. to II, 5 שי׳ לו; ib. ומה שי׳ לו שהאכילהווכ׳ and wherein did he play him false? In that he gave him the bread of deceit to eat (made him the recipient of treacherous hospitality). Num. R. s. 2018>; Tanḥ. Balak 12 מְשַׁקֵּר במשקלות, v. מִשְׁקָל; a. fr. 2) to prove false; to contradict, refute. Macc.5a (ref. to Deut. 19:18) עד שתְּשַׁקֵּר גופהוכ׳ until thou disprovest the body of the testimony (provest an alibi of the witnesses). Hithpa. הִשְׁתַּקֵּי, Nithpa. נִשְׁתַּקֵּר to be refuted, be proved to be a liar. Y. ib. I, beg.31a (read:) עדים שנזדממו וחזרו ונִשְׁתַּקְּרוּ if witnesses against whom an alibi had been proved were also proved to have told a falsehood (as to the fact to which they testified).
См. также в других словарях:
Presumption of fact — Presumption Pre*sump tion (?; 215), n. [L. praesumptio: cf. F. pr[ e]somption, OF. also presumpcion. See {Presume}.] 1. The act of presuming, or believing upon probable evidence; the act of assuming or taking for granted; belief upon incomplete… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
Presumption of fact — A legal term used to describe a presumption that one makes to determine that a fact is probably true.For example: A man while peering through his window observed a brown Ford cargo van leaving a neighbor s house across the street. He did not… … Wikipedia
presumption of fact — see presumption Merriam Webster’s Dictionary of Law. Merriam Webster. 1996 … Law dictionary
presumption of fact — law : a presumption founded on a previous experience or general knowledge of connection between a known fact and one inferred from it called also logical presumption * * * Law. a presumption based on experience or knowledge of the relationship… … Useful english dictionary
presumption of fact — presumption relating to the proof of fundamental facts … English contemporary dictionary
presumption of fact — Law. a presumption based on experience or knowledge of the relationship between a known fact and a fact inferred from it. [1875 80] * * * … Universalium
presumption of fact — A logical and reasonable conclusion of the existence of a fact in a case, not presented by direct evidence as to the existence of the fact itself, but inferred from the establishment of other facts from which by the process of logic and reason,… … Ballentine's law dictionary
presumption — pre·sump·tion /pri zəmp shən/ n: an inference as to the existence of a fact not certainly known that the law requires to be drawn from the known or proven existence of some other fact conclusive presumption: a presumption that the law does not… … Law dictionary
Presumption — Pre*sump tion (?; 215), n. [L. praesumptio: cf. F. pr[ e]somption, OF. also presumpcion. See {Presume}.] 1. The act of presuming, or believing upon probable evidence; the act of assuming or taking for granted; belief upon incomplete proof. [1913… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
Presumption of law — Presumption Pre*sump tion (?; 215), n. [L. praesumptio: cf. F. pr[ e]somption, OF. also presumpcion. See {Presume}.] 1. The act of presuming, or believing upon probable evidence; the act of assuming or taking for granted; belief upon incomplete… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
presumption — An inference in favor of a particular fact. A presumption is a rule of law, statutory or judicial, by which finding of a basic fact gives rise to existence of presumed fact, until presumption is rebutted. Van Wart v. Cook, Okl.App., 557 P.2d 1161 … Black's law dictionary