-
1 τίμιος
-α,-ον + A 0-16-2-17-7=42 1 Sm 3,1; 2 Sm 12,30; 1 Kgs 6,1a(5,31); 7,46(9). 47(10)held in honour, noble Ezr 4,10; of high price, costly, precious (often said of stones) 2 Sm 12,30; precious, dear (said of pers.) Prv 6,26; precious (metaph.) 1 Sm 3,1; honourable 4 Mc 5,35*Hos 11,7 τὰτίμια αὐτοῦ his precious things-יקר for MT יקראהו קרא they call him; *Prv 20,6 τίμιονprecious-יקר for MT יקרא קרא he proclaims -
2 λίθος
λίθος, ου, ὁ (Hom.+; in our lit. always masc.)① stone, in general: Mt 3:9 (ZNW 9, 1908, 77f; 341f); 4:3, 6 (Ps 90:12); 7:9; Mk 5:5; Lk 3:8; 4:3, 11 (Ps 90:12); 11:11 v.l.; 19:40 (cp. 4 Esdr 5:5 and the ‘hearing’ πέτραι PGM 36, 263); 22:41; J 8:7, 59; 10:31; Ox 1 recto, 6 (ASyn. 171, 5)=GTh 77 (s. AWalls, VigChr 16, ’62, 71–78; cp. Lucian, Hermotim. 81 p. 826 ὁ θεὸς οὐκ ἐν οὐρανῷ ἐστιν, ἀλλὰ διὰ πάντων πεφοίτηκεν, οἷον ξύλων κ. λίθων κ. ζῴων). Of blood (but πτῶμα pap) of Zachariah, which turned to stone GJs 24:3.② stone, of a special kindⓐ of stones used in building (Dio Chrys. 57 [74], 26; Oenomaus in Eus., PE 5, 24, 4 λίθοι καὶ ξύλοι; Palaeph. p. 62, 7; PPetr II, 13 [18a], 7 [258 B.C.]; Dt 27:5f; 3 Km 6:7; TestSol 2:5 al.; JosAs 2:17) Mt 24:2; Mk 13:1f (LGaston, No Stone on Another, ’70 [fall of Jerus.]); Lk 19:44; 21:6 (λίθος ἐπὶ λίθῳ as Aristippus Fgm. 20 FPhGr [in Diog. L. 2, 72]); Hv 3, 2, 4–9; 3, 4, 2f; 3, 5, 1–3; 3, 6, 3; 6f; 3, 7, 1; 5; Hs 9, 3, 3ff al.; λ. καλοί costly stone(s) (prob. kinds of marble; cp. Diod S 1, 66, 3 κάλλιστοι λίθοι; Jos., Ant. 15, 392) Lk 21:5.—1 Cor 3:12 is also classed here by Blass and Dssm., Pls2 1925, 245f (Paul, 1926, 212ff); s. b below.ⓑ of precious stones, jewels (TestSol 1:3 al.; TestAbr, JosAs, Joseph.; Ant. 17, 197; Synes., Ep. 3 p. 158b) λίθος καθαρός Rv 15:6 v.l. Mostly in the combination λίθος τίμιος (τιμιώτατος) and mentioned beside gold, silver, or even pearls (Appian, Liby. 66 §297; Herodian 5, 2, 4; Da 11:38 Theod.; 2 Km 12:30; TestSol 1:6; TestAbr A 6 p. 83, 23 [Stone p. 14]; JosAs 2:3; 18:4; cp. TestAbr A 3 p. 80, 12 [Stone p. 8] πολύτιμοι; TestJob 28:5 πολυτελεῖς, ἔνδοξοι; JosAs 2:7 al. πολυτελεῖς); Rv 17:4; 18:12, 16; 21:11, 19 (s. the lit. s.v. ἀμέθυστος. Also FCumont3 246, 87). Likewise in 1 Cor 3:12 the way in which the word is used scarcely permits another mng., and hence we must assume (unless it is enough to think of the edifice as adorned w. precious stones [Diod S 3, 47, 6f: the use of gold, silver, and precious stones in the building of palaces in Sabae; Lucian, Imag. 11 ὁ νεὼς λίθοις τ. πολυτελέσιν ἠσκημένος κ. χρυσῷ]) that Paul either had in mind imaginary buildings (Ps.-Callisth. 3, 28, 4: in the city of Helios on the Red Sea there are 12 πύργοι χρυσῷ καὶ σμαράγδῳ ᾠκοδομημένοι• τὸ δὲ τεῖχος ἐκ λίθου Ἰνδικοῦ κτλ.) as Rv 21:18ff; Is 54:11f; Tob 13:17, or simply mentioned the costliest materials, without considering whether they could actually be used in erecting a building (in Phoenix of Colophon [III B.C.] 1, 9: AnthLG I/33 ’54 Diehl the rich snob thinks of houses ἐγ [=ἐκ] λίθου σμαραγδίτου. S. χρυσίον.—S. a above).—λ. ἴασπις (q.v.) Rv 4:3.ⓒ of millstones λ. μυλικός Lk 17:2. Two times as v.l. for μύλος ὀνικός: Mt 18:6; Mk 9:42. v.l. λ. ὡς μύλινος Rv 18:21.ⓓ of large stones used to seal graves (Chariton 3, 3, 1 παραγενόμενος εὗρε τ. λίθους κεκινημένους κ. φανερὰν τὴν εἴσοδον) Mt 27:60, 66; 28:2; Mk 15:46; 16:3f; Lk 24:2; J 11:38f, 41; 20:1; GPt 8:32 al. Also of the tables of the Mosaic law 2 Cor 3:7.ⓔ of stone images of the gods (Dt 4:28; Ezk 20:32; Just., D. 113, 6) Ac 17:29; 2 Cl 1:6; cp. PtK 2 p. 14, 14; Dg 2:2.ⓕ in imagery relating to God’s people and the transcendent (in the pass. fr. Hv 3 and Hs 9 mentioned in 2a above, the tower and its stones are symbolic): of Christ (cp. Just., D. 86, 3) λ. ζῶν 1 Pt 2:4. Likew. of the Christians λίθοι ζῶντες living stones (in the spiritual temple) vs. 5 (JPlumpe, Vivum saxum, vivi lapides: Traditio 1, ’43, 1–14). ὡς ὄντες λίθοι ναοῦ πατρός as building-stones of the Father’s temple IEph 9:1. 1 Pt and B 6:2c, 3 (s. LBarnard, Studia Evangelica, ed. FCross, ’64, III, 306–13: NT and B) also refer to Christ as the λ. ἐκλεκτὸς ἀκρογωνιαῖος 1 Pt 2:6 (cp. Is 28:16; ESiegman, CBQ 18, ’56, 364–79; JElliott, The Elect and the Holy ’66, esp. 16–38; s. ἀκρογωνιαῖος), the λ., ὸ̔ν ἀπεδοκίμασαν οἱ οἰκοδομοῦντες vs. 7 (Ps 117:22)—likew. Mt 21:42; Mk 12:10; Lk 20:17; cp. Ac 4:11; Eph 2:20 v.l. (for lit. s. on κεφαλή 2b)—and finally the λ. προσκόμματος 1 Pt 2:8 (Is 8:14)—likew. Ro 9:32f. The same OT (Is 8:14f) infl. is felt in Mt 21:44; Lk 20:18 (Daimachus [IV B.C.]: 65 Fgm. 8 Jac. speaks in his work περὶ εὐσεβείας of the fall of a holy stone fr. heaven πεσεῖν τὸν λίθον).—SKottek, Names, Roots and Stones in Jewish Lore: Proceedings XXXII Intern. Congr. of History of Medicine, Antwerp n.d. [’91] 63–74; also idem: ANRW II/37/3 p. 2855 n. 53 on use of stones in antiquity. B. 51; 442. DELG. M-M. TW. Spicq. -
3 τίμιος
τίμιος, α, ον (τιμή; Hom.+) gener. ‘held in honor’ (Herodas 4, 5 of altars)① pert. to being of exceptional valueⓐ costly, precious Plut., Mor. 486b λίθος Rv 17:4; 18:12a, 16; 21:19; AcPl Ha 1, 11 (cp. Tob 13:17 S; JosAs 2:3; 18:4). Superl. (Jos., Ant. 17, 225 φίλον τιμιώτατον) λίθος τιμιώτατος Rv 21:11. Pl. λίθοι τίμιοι 1 Cor 3:12 (s. λίθος 2b and the lit. s.v. ἀμέθυστος). ξύλον τιμιώτατον Rv 18:12b (on the elative force s. Mussies 71, 128). τίμια ἀρώματα MPol 15:2.ⓑ of great worth/value, precious of the blood of Jesus τίμιον αἷμα 1 Pt 1:19; τίμιον τῷ θεῷ precious to God 1 Cl 7:4. τίμιος καρπὸς τῆς γῆς Js 5:7. τὰ τίμια καὶ μέγιστα ἐπαγγέλματα 2 Pt 1:4. τιμίαν ταύτην νηστείαν AcPl Ha 6, 24. Comp. τιμιώτερος w. gen. (Eur., Alc. 301; Menand., Mon. 482; 552 Meinecke [715; 843 Jaekel]): of a martyr’s bones τιμιώτερα λίθων πολυτελῶν (Pr 3:15; ApcEsdr 6:15 p. 33, 2 Tdf. τὸ τίμιον … αὐτοῦ σῶμα) MPol 18:1. Of the δοκίμιον τῆς πίστεως: πολὺ τιμιώτερον χρυσίου 1 Pt 1:7 v.l. (on τιμιώτερον χρυς. cp. Diog. L. 8, 42; EpArist 82; Philo, Sacr. Abel. 83, Det. Pot. Ins. 20; Theophyl. Sim., Ep. 81; cp. PsSol 17:43 χρυσίον τὸ πρῶτον τίμιον).ⓒ held in honor, respected (τιμή 2c) τίμιος ὁ γάμος Hb 13:4.ⓓ For οὐδενὸς λόγου ποιοῦμαι τὴν ψυχὴν τιμίαν ἐμαυτῷ Ac 20:24 cp. λόγος 1aα, end.② pert. to high status that merits esteem, held in honor/ high regard, respected (oft. in the salutations of papyrus letters; cp. the greeting τιμιώτατε πάτερ TestAbr A 2 p. 78, 21 [Stone p. 4]; τ. Ἀβραάμ 7 p. 84, 24 [St. p. 16] and τίμιε Ἀβραάμ 16 p. 97, 21 [St. p. 42]) τινί by someone (Jos., Bell. 5, 527 τῷ δήμῳ τίμιος, Ant. 1, 273) Ac 5:34; 17:34 v.l.—DELG s.v. τιμή. M-M. -
4 διάλιθ'
διάλιθα, διάλιθοςset with precious stones: neut nom /voc /acc plδιάλιθε, διάλιθοςset with precious stones: masc /fem voc sg -
5 διάλιθον
διάλιθοςset with precious stones: masc /fem acc sgδιάλιθοςset with precious stones: neut nom /voc /acc sg -
6 κατάλιθον
κατάλιθοςset with precious stones: masc /fem acc sgκατάλιθοςset with precious stones: neut nom /voc /acc sg -
7 λιθοκόλλητον
λιθοκόλλητοςset with precious stones: masc /fem acc sgλιθοκόλλητοςset with precious stones: neut nom /voc /acc sg -
8 λυχνίτας
λυχνί̱τᾱς, λυχνίτηςa precious stone of a red colour: masc acc plλυχνί̱τᾱς, λυχνίτηςa precious stone of a red colour: masc nom sg (epic doric aeolic) -
9 χρυσός
χρῡσός, ὁ,A gold,τιμῆς Il.18.475
, etc.; coupled with other precious things, e.g. χαλκός, σίδηρος, 6.48; ἐσθής, Od.5.38; χρυσὸν κέρασιν περιχεύας (of a victim) Il.10.294 = Od.3.384, cf. 437; ;χ. δαμασίφρων Pi.O. 13.78
; κοῖλος ἄργυρος καὶ χ. silver and gold plate, Theopomp.Hist. 283a, cf. Luc.Nav.20; λευκὸς χ. white gold, i.e. gold alloyed with silver, opp. χ. ἄπεφθος refined gold, Hdt.1.50;χ. ἑψόμενος Pi.N.4.82
;χρυσὸν καθαίρειν Pl.Plt. 303d
;βασανίζειν ἐν πυρί Id.R. 413e
.2 gold, to express anything made of gold, e. g. golden armour or raiment, χρυσὸν.. ἔδυνε περὶ χροΐ, of Zeus, Il.8.43; of Poseidon, 13.25;τὸ ἐμὸν σῶμα μήτε ἐν χ. θῆτε.. X.Cyr.8.7.25
; ἀραρότως σύνδεσμα χρυσὸς (a gold crown) ;ἐν χρυσῷ πίνειν Luc.Merc. Cond.26
.3 freq. used by Poets to denote anything dear or precious,ταῦτα μὲν.. κρείσσονα χρυσοῦ.. φωνεῖς A.Ch. 372
(anap.);ὁ χ. ἧσσον κτῆμα τοῦ κλάειν ἂν ἦν S.Fr. 557
;ὡς χρυσὸς αὐτῷ τἀμὰ.. κακὰ δόξει ποτ' εἶναι E.Tr. 432
, cf. D.H.Rh.9.4; cf. Pi.O.1.1, 3.42, Plu.Sert. 5: metaph. also, χρυσὸς ἐπῶν golden words, Ar.Pl. 268;χρυσῷ πάττειν τινά Id.Nu. 912
(anap.);ὗσαι χρυσόν τινι Pi.O.7.50
. [pron. full] [ῡ] in χρυσός and all derivs., though Lyric Poets sts. made υ short in the Adj. χρύσεος (q.v.); once we have χρῠσός, Pi.N.7.78.] (Borrowed from Semitic, cf. Hebr. chārūts, Assyr. h<*>urāšu 'gold', Aram. hara 'yellow'.) -
10 δόκιμος
δόκιμος, ον (s. four prec. entries; Pre-Socr., Hdt.+; superlative: Tat. 1, 1; 38, 1) CArbenz, Die Adj. auf-ιμος, diss. Zürich ’33, 38ff; Schwyzer I 494f.① pert. to being genuine on the basis of testing, approved (by test), tried and true, genuine (Alcaeus 6, 12 L-P [119 + 120 + 122 Diehl] of a man: νῦν τις ἀνὴρ δόκιμος γενέσθω; TestJos 2:7) Js 1:12; 2 Cor 10:18; 13:7; 2 Ti 2:15. δ. τραπεζῖται approved money changers (who put genuine money or legal tender [cp. Epict. 1, 7, 6 δραχμὰς δοκίμους κ. ἀδοκίμους; Socrat., Ep. 6, 12] in circulation) Agr 11. ὁ δ. ἐν Χριστῷ the approved one in Christ= the tried and true Christian Ro 16:10; οἱ δ. 1 Cor 11:19.② pert. to being considered worthy of high regard, respected, esteemed (Hdt., al.; Philo, Op. M. 128, De Jos. 201; Jos., C. Ap. 1, 18) δ. τοῖς ἀνθρώποις among people (in contrast to God) Ro 14:18.③ pert. to being valuable, precious comp. of Polycarp’s bones more precious than gold (cp. 1 Pt 1:7 v.l.) MPol 18:2.—DELG s.v. δοκάω etc. III p. 291. M-M. TW. Spicq. Sv. -
11 μαργαρίτης
μαργαρίτης, ου, ὁ (Theophr.; Strabo; Aelian, NA 10, 13; pap; En 18:7; TestJud 13:5; loanw. in rabb.) pearlⓐ w. gold 1 Ti 2:9. W. gold and precious stones Rv 17:4; 18:12, 16. Of the pearls that serve as gates for the heavenly city 21:21 (each gate a single pearl: EBurrows, JTS 43, ’42, 177–79). καλοὶ μ. Mt 13:45; πολύτιμος μ. a very valuable pearl vs. 46 (μ. more in demand than gold, Chares of Mitylene [IV B.C.]: 125 Fgm. 3 Jac. Among the Indians worth 3 times as much as pure gold: Arrian, Ind. 8, 13 and always in great demand: ibid. 8, 9)ⓑ in imagery, in a proverb (s. χοῖρος) βάλλειν τοὺς μ. ἔμπροσθεν τ. χοίρων throw pearls to swine i.e. entrust someth. precious (cp. the reff. cited in Betz, SM 499 n. 590; s. also Eur., Bacch. 480; on the value placed on pearls in antiquity s. also HUsener, Die Perle: Weizsäcker Festschr. 1892, 203–13) to people who cannot or will not appreciate it Mt 7:6 (difft. GSchwartz, NovT 14, ’72, 18–25). πνευματικοὶ μ. spiritual pearls of a martyr’s bonds IEph 11:2.—HKahane, Traditio 13, ’57, 421–24; RAC 505–52; Kl. Pauly 3, 1020f; BHHW III 1422f.—DELG. EDNT. TW. Sv. -
12 πολύτιμος
πολύτιμος, ον (cp. τιμάω; Cornutus 16 p. 21, 16; Plut., Pomp. 621 [5, 2]; Alciphron 3, 10, 4; Herodian 1, 17, 3; POxy 1121, 20 [II A.D.]; PHerm 9, 7; TestSol 22:16 P; TestAbr; JosAs 7:4; 3:9 cod. A; Jos., Ant. 7, 161; Tat. 30, 1 [comp.]) pert. to being very high on a monetary scale, very precious, valuable of a pearl Mt 13:46. Of an ointment 26:7 v.l.; J 12:3. Comp. τὸ δοκίμιον τῆς πίστεως πολυτιμότερον χρυσίου the genuineness (δοκίμιον 2) of (your) faith which is more precious than gold 1 Pt 1:7.—DELG s.v. τιμή. M-M. -
13 χρυσός
χρυσός, οῦ, ὁ (Hom.+; ‘gold’, both as a raw material and as a finished product)① gold as raw material, gold. As an esp. precious material AcPl Ha 2, 24; w. frankincense and myrrh Mt 2:11; GJs 21:3. W. silver PtK 2 p. 14, 14 (TestJob 25:6; Ath. 15, 1), and precious stones 1 Cor 3:12; Rv 18:12; AcPl Ha 1, 11 (JosAs 2:7). Refined in the furnace (w. silver) MPol 15:2. Of wreaths ὅμοιοι χρυσῷ with appearance of gold Rv 9:7.ⓐ gold ornaments 1 Ti 2:9 v.l.; Rv 17:4 v.l.; 18:16 v.l. (s. χρυσίον).ⓑ gold thing, of a cult image Ac 17:29; 2 Cl 1:6.ⓒ coined gold, money (Demosth. 9, 42), w. ἄργυρος (q.v.) Mt 10:9. This may also be the mng. in Js 5:3 and Mt 23:16f, though vessels of gold may be meant.—Pauly-W. VII 1555–78; Kl. Pauly II 841f; BHHW I 852f; RAC XI 895–930.—B. 610. DELG. M-M. EDNT. TW. -
14 ἀμέθυστος
ἀμέθυστος, ου, ἡ (verbal adj. derived fr. μεθύω; Pliny, HN 37, 121; Plut., Mor. 15b) or ὁ (PHolm δ 3) amethyst (Ex 28:19; Ezk 28:13; Jos., Bell. 5, 234 [ἀμέθυστος; ἀμέθυσος v.l.], Ant. 3, 168 [ἀμέθυσος; so also Psellus, in Les Lapidaires p. 201, 18]; AClausing, Glotta 20, ’32, 292: has the color of wine that is mixed w. water and does not make one drunk) Rv 21:20 (vv.ll. ἀμέθυσος, ἀμεθύστινος).—MBauer, Edelsteinkunde (3d ed. by KSchlossmacher) ’32; EJourdain, The Twelve Stones in the Apc.: ET 22, 1911, 448–50; JMyres, Precious Stones: EncBibl IV 4799–812; CCooper, The Precious Stones of the Bible 1925.—DELG s.v. μέθυ. -
15 ἴασπις
ἴασπις, ιδος, ἡ (Pla. et al.; SIG2 587, 87f [IV B.C.]; PGM 12, 203 ἴασπιν; LXX; TestSol; Jos., Bell. 5, 234, Ant. 3, 168. Occasionally also masc., e.g., Petosiris, Fgm. 29) jasper, a precious stone found in various colors, mostly reddish, somet. green (Cyranides p. 23, 22 λίθος χλωρός), brown, blue, yellow, and white. In antiquity the name was not limited to the variety of quartz now called jasper, but could designate any opaque precious stone. Rv 21:18f. W. λίθος 4:3 (TestSol C 11:8). λίθος ἴασπις κρυσταλλίζων a stone of crystal-clear jasper 21:11 (cp. Is 54:12); perh. the opal is meant here; acc. to some, the diamond. S. on ἀμέθυστος.—DELG. M-M. -
16 Κάλ'
Κάλαι, Κάλαιςprecious stone of a greenish blue: fem voc sg -
17 Κάλα
-
18 Κάλᾳ
-
19 Κάλαι
Κάλαιςprecious stone of a greenish blue: fem voc sg -
20 Κάλαιν
Κάλαιςprecious stone of a greenish blue: fem acc sg
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