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pre-process

  • 1 ἀ- (2)

    ἀ-
    Meaning: (none)
    Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]
    Etymology: In Pre-Greek words a `prothetic vowel' occurs, e.g. ἄσταχυς \/ στάχυς. It is no doubt a phonetic process. It is rather frequent, Fur. 368-378. The vowel was ἀ-, with a very few exceptions (Beekes, Pre-Greek.).
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    Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἀ- (2)

  • 2 αὐχήν

    αὐχήν, - ένος
    Grammatical information: m.
    Meaning: `neck, throat; isthmus' (Il.).
    Other forms: Aeol. acc. ἄμφενα (Theoc. 30. 28). αὔφην in Jo. Gramm. Comp. 3, 16 is very doubtful, cf. Solmsen, Wortforsch. 118 n. 2. ἄμφην· αὐχήν, τράχηλος H.; also ἀμφήν· αὐλήν H.
    Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]
    Etymology: On ἄμφην beside αὐχήν see Pisani, RiLi 1 (1950) 182f. Schwyzer 296 assumed for ἄμφην *ἀγχϜ-ήν, connecting Skt. aṃhú- `narrow' etc. (s. ἄγχω), which with anticipation of the labial would have given αὐχήν. This is an improbable construction, the process unparallelled. One connects Arm. awji-k` (pl.) `neck', but the connection is quite difficult, Clackson 1994, 107ff. - The variants cannot be explained as Greek or IE, so the word will come from the substr. Variation labial\/velar is rare (Fur. 388, φωριαμός \/ χ.; but cf. γέφυρα \/ βέφυρα); also α\/αυ is rare; m\/w occurs mostly before n or intervocalic (Fur. 242 - 247). Therefore I think we must compare the type δάφνη \/ δαυχνα-, which Furnée 229 - 233 explains as showing variation labial\/w. I think that these forms had a labio-velar, gʷ, which either gave φ (in Aeolic) or - υχ- with anticipation of the labial element (Beekes Pre-Greek). Thus we have *ἀφ-ην\/ αὐ-χήν; ἄμφ-ην then has the well-known prenasalisation. Whatever the exact development, it is clear that substr. origin, and only that, can explain the variants. The Armenian form does not prove IE origin, as it can be a loan from an Anatolian language, cf. γέφυρα - kamurǰ (Beekes, Glotta 2003?).
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    Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > αὐχήν

  • 3 γνάμπτω

    Grammatical information: v.
    Meaning: `bend' (Il.).
    Other forms: Aor. γνάμψαι, vb. adj. γναμπτός
    Derivatives: γναμπτήρ `jaw' (Androm. ap. Gal.), cf. γναμφαί s.v. γαμφηλαί; γνάμψις `bending' (EM). Without (dissimilated?) (second) nasal γνάπτει κάμπτει and γναπτός = γναμπτός H.
    Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]
    Etymology: It is mostly stated that γνάμπτω was influenced by κάμπτω (cf. κνάμπτω), so that all explanations are uncertain. But γνάμπτω has not the κ- of κάμπτω, nor can the - ν- have been taken from there. Note that γναμπ- cannot have a IE preform (see on γνάθος). But κάμπτω too does not look safely IE. However, a Pre-Greek process giving and `inserted' -ν is not known to me. (Did κν- give γν-?) (The consequences of the remark of N.G. in R.Ph. 70 (1996) =CEG 1 s.v. γνάμπτω; Κλυταιμ(ν)ηστρα?) are unclear to me.
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    Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > γνάμπτω

  • 4 βασανίζω

    βασανίζω impf. ἐβασάνιζον; fut. 3 sg. βασανίσει Sir 4:19 and βασανιεῖ 2 Macc 7:17; 1 aor. ἐβασάνισα. Pass.: 1 fut. βασανισθήσομαι; 1 aor. pass. ἐβασανίσθην (s. βάσανος; Pre-Socr.+) prim. ‘put to a test, prove’.
    ① to subject to punitive judicial procedure, torture (Thu. 8, 92, 2; Chariton 4, 3, 2; BGU 1847, 16; PAnt 87, 13; 2 Macc 7:13; 4 Macc 6:5 al.; Jos., Ant. 2, 105; 16, 232) MPol 2:2; used on slaves (Antiphon 2, 4, 8; POxy 903, 10) 6:1.
    ② to subject to severe distress, torment, harass
    ⓐ harass (Maximus Tyr. 11, 2a βασανίζειν τὸν χρυσὸν ἐν πυρί =torture the gold with fire [in the smelting process]) πλοῖον βασανιζόμενον ὑπὸ τῶν κυμάτων a boat harassed by the waves Mt 14:24; cp. Mk 6:48 they had rough going in the waves or they were straining (at the oars?) to make headway. Synon. τυμπανίζω. In these pass. the lit. component dominates, in b and c the metaphorical.
    ⓑ mostly physical: in diseases (Lucian, Soloec. 6 censures this use; Jos., Ant. 9, 101; 12, 413; POxyHels 46, 19 [I/II A.D.]) Mt 8:6. Of birth-pangs (Anth. Pal. 9, 311 βάσανος has this mng.) Rv 12:2. Of Jesus as threat to evil spirits ἦλθες βασανίσαι ἡμᾶς; Mt 8:29; cp. Mk 5:7; Lk 8:28. Of prophetic testimony as source of annoyance Rv 11:10.—9:5; 14:10; 20:10; GPt 4:14; Hv 3, 7, 6; Hs 6, 4, 1f; 4; 6, 5, 3f; 6.
    ⓒ essentially affective IEph 8:1; ἑαυτόν torment oneself Hs 9, 9, 3 (Epict. 2, 22, 35; Philo, Deus Imm. 102). For this τὴν ἑαυτοῦ ψυχήν (TestAsh 6:5 ἡ ψυχὴ βασανίζεται) m 4, 2, 2 (w. ταπεινοῦν); ψυχὴν δικαίαν ἀνόμοις ἔργοις ἐβασάνιζεν (Lot) felt his upright soul tormented by the lawless deeds (of the Sodomites) 2 Pt 2:8 (s. Harnack, Beitr. VII 1916, 105f).—M-M. DELG s.v. βάσανος. TW.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > βασανίζω

  • 5 ἐνθυμέομαι

    ἐνθυμέομαι dep.; fut. 3 sg. ἐνθυμηθήσεται or ἐνθυμήσεται LXX; 1 aor. ἐνεθυμήθην; pf. ptc. ἐντέθυμημένης 3 Macc 1:25 (s. ἐνθύμησις; Aeschyl., Pre-Socr. et al.; pap, LXX; JosAs 23:7 cod. A; ApcSed 10:5) to process information by thinking about it carefully, reflect (on), consider, think, w. acc. of thing (Thu. 5, 32, 1; Celsus 7, 18; Sir 16:20; Bar 3:31; 4 Macc 8:27; TestJob 49:1; Philo, Mut. Nom. 240; Jos., Bell. 1, 232, Ant. 11, 155; Just., D. 65, 2) ταῦτα Mt 1:20. πονηρὰ (Wsd 3:14; TestSim 2:14 πονηρὸν πρᾶγμα; TestBenj 3:6) ἐν ταῖς καρδίαις think evil in your hearts 9:4. περί τινος (Pla., Rep. 10, 595a; Isocr. 15, 199, Ep. 9, 8 Blass; Appian, Bell. Civ. 2, 5 §18; Wsd 6:15; TestBenj 3:6) Ac 10:19 v.l. (s. διενθυμέομαι).—DELG s.v. θυμός. M-M. TW.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > ἐνθυμέομαι

  • 6 ἐπίνοια

    ἐπίνοια, ας, ἡ (s. prec. entry; Trag., Pre-Socr., Thu.+; SIG 902, 5; OGI 580, 7; POxy 237 VII, 35; 1468, 5; LXX; EpArist, Philo; Jos., Bell. 4, 356, Vi. 223 al.; TestJos 5:2, 3; SibOr 5, 81; Tat.) the result of a thought process, thought, conception (Thu. 3, 46, 6 al.; Wsd 6:16; 9:14; 2 Macc 12:45) θνητὴ ἐ. Dg 7:1 (cp. Philo, Mut. Nom. 219 ἀνθρωπίνη ἐ.); inventiveness (X., Cyr. 2, 3, 19 al.) w. φροντίς 5:3; intent (Aristoph., Thesm. 766; 4 Macc 17:2) ἡ ἐ. τῆς καρδίας σου the intent of your heart Ac 8:22.—DELG s.v. νόος. M-M. Sv.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > ἐπίνοια

  • 7 ἔμφυτος

    ἔμφυτος, ον (ἐμφύω ‘to implant’; since Pre-Socr., Trag., Hdt.; ins, pap; Wsd 12:10; Ps.-Phoc. 128; Philo; Jos., Bell. 1, 88, Ant. 16, 232; Just. Ath., R. 63, 19 al.; ABurger, Les mots de la famille de φύω en grec ancien 1925) in gener. lit. mostly in the sense ‘implanted by natural process, inborn’ (Hdt. 9, 94, 3 ἔμφυτον αὐτίκα μαντικὴν εἶχε) in our lit. only in fig. extension of mng., with ref. to subsequent implantation but with connotation of quality (in contrast to someth. that is developed, e.g., through personal effort Pla., Eryxias 398c; cp. Pind., N. 3, 40f) implanted λόγος ἔ. the word of the gospel implanted in you Js 1:21 (as someth. implanted the word is permanently established in the individual and like inborn assets functions in an exceptional manner; s. WKnox, JTS 46, ’45, 14f). ἡ ἔ. δωρεὰ τῆς διδαχῆς αὐτοῦ the implanted gift of his teaching B 9:9. οὕτως ἔ. τῆς δωρεᾶς πνευματικῆς χάριν εἰλήφατε so implanted have you received the benefit of the spiritual gift 1:2 (i.e. God’s beneficence is productive, as attested by the illustrious spiritual character of the recipients, vs. 2a; οὗ τό v.l.: whose implanted blessing, the favor of the spiritual gift, you have received; s. Windisch, Hdb. ad loc.).—DELG s.v. φύομαι. M-M. TW.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > ἔμφυτος

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