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41 Cookworthy, William
SUBJECT AREA: Domestic appliances and interiors[br]b. 1705 Kings bridge, Devon, Englandd. 16 October 1780 Plymouth, England[br]English pioneer of porcelain manufacture in England.[br]The family fortunes having been extinguished by the South Sea Bubble of 1720, Cookworthy and his brother had to fend for themselves. They set up, and succeeded, in the pharmacy trade. At the age of 31, however, William left the business, and after a period of probation he became a minister in the Society of Friends. In a letter of 5 May 1745, Cookworthy mentions some samples of kaolin and china or growan stone that had been brought to him from Virginia. He found similar materials at Treginning Hill in Cornwall, and between 1755 and 1758 he found sufficiently pure china clay and china stone to make a pure white porcelain. Cookworthy took out a patent for his discovery in 1768 which covered the manufacture of porcelain from moonstone or growan and growan clay, with a glaze made from china stone to which lime and fern ash or magnesia alba (basic carbonate of magnesium) were added. Cookworthy's experiments had been carried out on the property of Lord Camelford, who later assisted him, in the company of other Quakers, in setting up a works at Coxside, Plymouth, to manufacture the ware; the works employed between fifty and sixty people. In the absence of coal, Cookworthy resorted to wood as fuel, but this was scarce, so in 1770 he transferred his operation to Castle Green, Bristol. However, he had no greater success there, and in 1773 he sold the entire interest in porcelain manufacture to Richard Champion (1743–91), although Cookworthy and his heirs were to receive royalties for ninety-nine years. Champion, who had been working with Cookworthy since 1764 and was active in Bristol city affairs, continued the firm as Richard Champion \& Co., but when in 1775 Champion tried to renew Cookworthy's patent, Wedgwood and other Staffordshire potters challenged him. After litigation, the use of kaolin and china stone was thrown open to general use. The Staffordshire potters made good use of this new-found freedom and Champion was forced to sell the patent to them and dispose of his factory the following year. The potters of Staffordshire said of Cookworthy, "the greatest service ever conferred by one person on the pottery manufacturers is that of making them acquainted with china clay".[br]Further ReadingW.Harrison, 1854, Memoir of William Cookworthy by His Grandson, London. F.S.Mackenna, 1946, Cookworthy's Plymouth and Bristol Porcelain, Leigh on Sea: Lewis.A.D.Selleck, 1978, Cookworthy 1705–80 and his Circle, privately published.LRD -
42 дымковская игрушка
General subject: pottery figurine, pottery toy, clay figurineУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > дымковская игрушка
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43 керамическое изделие
1) General subject: a piece of pottery2) Engineering: ceramic product, ceramic ware, clay product3) Chemistry: stoneware4) Architecture: kiln5) Makarov: pottery workУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > керамическое изделие
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44 Steingut
n; nur Sg. stoneware* * *das Steingutstoneware; earthenware; crockery; pottery* * *Stein|gutnt no plstoneware* * *((of) a hard type of pottery made of clay containing pieces of stone: a stoneware jug.) stoneware* * *Stein·gut* * *das earthenware* * ** * *das earthenware* * *-¨er n.earthenware n.stoneware n. -
45 керамика
ceramics, ceramic, ceramic material, pottery* * *кера́мика ж.
ceramicsбытова́я кера́мика — potteryва́куумная кера́мика — vacuum ceramicsглазуро́ванная кера́мика — (плотная, высокообожжённая) enamelled stoneware; ( фаянс) enamelled earthenwareкера́мика для то́ков высо́кой частоты́ — r.f. ceramicsкера́мика для то́ков промы́шленной частоты́ — industrial frequency ceramicsжаросто́йкая кера́мика — high-temperature-ceramicsконденса́торная кера́мика — capacitor, ceramicsлита́я кера́мика — cast ceramicsогнеупо́рная кера́мика — refractoriesпьезоэлектри́ческая кера́мика — piezoelectric ceramicsрадиотехни́ческая кера́мика — radio ceramicsстрои́тельная кера́мика — structural clay productsта́льковая кера́мика — steatitic ceramicsтермосто́йкая кера́мика — heat-resistant ceramicsтехни́ческая кера́мика — engineering ceramicsэлектротехни́ческая кера́мика — electric-grade ceramics -
46 Keramik
Ke·ra·mik <-, -en> [keʼra:mɪk] f2) ( Kunstgegenstand) ceramic, piece of pottery -
47 κέραμος
A potter's earth, potter's clay, Pl.Ti. 60d, Arist.Mete. 384b19, etc.; κ. ὠμός, ὀπτώμενος, ib. 380b8, 383a21.II anything made of this earth, as1 earthen vessel, wine-jar,ἐκ κεράμων μέθυ πίνετο Il.9.469
, cf. Hdt.3.96; in collective sense, pottery, Ar.Ach. 902, Men.Sam.75, al.; κ. ἐσάγεται πλήρης οἴνου jars full of wine, Hdt.3.6, cf. 5.88, Alex.257.3, etc.2 tile, Ar.V. 1295 (of a tortoise's shell); collectively, tiling,τοῦ τέγους τὸν κέραμον αὐτοῦ χαλάζαις.. ξυντρίψομεν Id.Nu. 1127
, cf.Fr. 349, Th. 2.4;Κορίνθιος κ. IG22.1668.58
; Λακωνικός ib.463.69, 1672.188; roof, Pherecr.130.6, Herod.3.44, Gal.8.26, 9.824.III dungeon (said by Sch. to be Cyprian),χαλκέῳ ἐν κεράμῳ δέδετο Il.5.387
, cf. Thphr.Char.6.6 cod. M; pl., Nonn.D.16.162. (Possibly cogn. with Lat.cremo.)Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > κέραμος
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48 çömlekçi
1. potter, maker of pottery. 2. seller of pottery. - çamuru/kili potter´s clay, potter´s earth. -
49 chungu
------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] chungu[English Word] bitter[Part of Speech] adjective[Related Words] uchungu[Swahili Example] maneno machungu[English Example] bitter words------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] chungu[English Word] acrid[Part of Speech] adjective[Related Words] uchungu------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] chungu[English Word] sour[Part of Speech] adjective[Related Words] uchungu------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] chungu[English Word] sharp[Part of Speech] adjective[Related Words] uchungu------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] chungu[English Word] unpleasant[Part of Speech] adjective[Related Words] uchungu------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] chungu[English Word] angry[Part of Speech] adjective[Related Words] uchungu------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] chungu[English Word] harsh[Part of Speech] adjective[Related Words] uchungu[Swahili Example] maneno machungu[English Example] harsh words------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] chungu[English Word] painful[Part of Speech] adjective[Related Words] uchungu------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] chungu[English Word] pungent[Part of Speech] adjective[Swahili Example] mkutanoni walikuwapo watu chungu nzima[English Example] there were a lot of people at the meeting------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] chungu[Swahili Plural] vyungu[English Word] cooking pot (usually round and shallow)[English Plural] cooking pots[Part of Speech] noun[Class] 7/8[Related Words] jungu, mkungu[Swahili Example] kufinyanga vyungu[English Example] to make pottery------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] chungu[Swahili Plural] vyungu[English Word] clay vessel[English Plural] clay vessels[Part of Speech] noun[Class] 7/8[Related Words] jungu, mkungu------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] -funika chungu[English Word] put a lid on a pot[Part of Speech] verb[Related Words] -funika------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] -tegua chungu[English Word] take a pot off the fire[Part of Speech] verb[Related Words] -tegua------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] chungu[Swahili Plural] chungu[English Word] heap[English Plural] heaps[Part of Speech] noun[Class] 9/10------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] chungu[Swahili Plural] chungu[English Word] pile[English Plural] piles[Part of Speech] noun[Class] 9/10------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] chungu[Swahili Plural] chungu[English Word] quantity[English Plural] quantities[Part of Speech] noun[Class] 9/10------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] chungu[Swahili Plural] chungu[English Word] mass[English Plural] masses[Part of Speech] noun[Class] 9/10------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] chungu[Swahili Plural] chungu[English Word] crowd[English Plural] crowds[Part of Speech] noun[Class] 9/10[Swahili Example] niliwakuta watu kichungu[English Example] I met a tremendous crowd of people------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] chungu nzima[English Word] a lot (of)[Part of Speech] adjective------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] chungu nzima[English Word] a great deal[Part of Speech] adjective[Swahili Example] mkutanoni walikuwapo watu chungu nzima[English Example] there were a great deal of people at the meeting------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] chungu[Swahili Plural] chungu[English Word] ant (small black stinging kind)[English Plural] ants[Part of Speech] noun[Class] 9/10an[Swahili Example] maji ya kifufu ni bahari ya chungu (methali)[English Example] water in a coconut shell is like an ocean to an ant (proverb)[Terminology] entomology------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] chungu[Swahili Plural] chungu[English Word] pimple[English Plural] pimples[Part of Speech] noun[Class] 9/10------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] chungu[Swahili Plural] chungu[English Word] zit[English Plural] zits[Part of Speech] noun[Class] 9/10------------------------------------------------------------ -
50 finyanga
------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] -finyanga[English Word] make pottery[Part of Speech] verb------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] -finyanga[English Word] mould[Part of Speech] verb[Derived Word] finya v------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] -finyanga[English Word] shape[Part of Speech] verb------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] -finyanga[English Word] wedge clay[Part of Speech] verb[Swahili Example] keshamfinyanga mwanawe [Moh]------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] -finyanga[English Word] knead clay[Part of Speech] verb------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] -finyanga[English Word] make pots[Part of Speech] verb[Derived Word] finya v------------------------------------------------------------ -
51 gliniany
adjclay (attr)* * *a.clay; (garnek, dzbanek) earthenware; ( podłoga) earthen; gliniane ręce butterfingers.The New English-Polish, Polish-English Kościuszko foundation dictionary > gliniany
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52 tejoleta
f.1 piece of burnt clay; tile.2 a shuffle-board.* * *1 (pedazo de teja) piece of tile2 (pedazo de barro) piece of clay* * *SF shard* * *(de teja) piece of roof tile; (de barro cocido) piece of pottery -
53 glinen
made of clay, clay-, glineno posuđe pottery earthenware* * *• clayey• argillaceous -
54 πηλός
πηλός, οῦ, ὁ (Aeschyl., Hdt.+; OGI 483, 61; CPR 232, 17; POxy 1450, 4; LXX, pseudepigr., Philo, Joseph.; Mel., P. 36, 247; Ath.)① clayⓐ used in making pottery (Trag. et al.; Polyb. 15, 35, 2: the potter deals with ὁ τροχός [=potter’s wheel] and ὁ πηλός; Is 29:16; 41:25; Jer 18:6; Sir 33:13) Ro 9:21 (cp. esp. Wsd 15:7).—In a comparison that has allegorical traits humankind is called πηλὸς εἰς τὴν χεῖρα τοῦ τεχνίτου 2 Cl 8:2 (= ἐν τῇ χειρί, s. εἰς 1aδ).ⓑ Like the pliable material which the artist uses (TestNapht 2:2; Jos., C. Ap. 2, 252; Mel.), clay is also the material fr. which humankind is made (cp. Aristoph., Av. 686 πηλοῦ πλάσματα of humans; Callim. Fgm. 493; Herodas 2, 28f; Epict. 4, 11, 27; Lucian, Prom. 13; Themist., Or. 32 after Aesop; Job 10:9) 1 Cl 39:5 (Job 4:19).② mud, mire (Pla., Parm. 130c π. καὶ ῥύπος; Plut., Marius 414 [16, 7], Mor. 993e; 1059f οἱ πηλὸν ἢ κονιορτὸν ἐπὶ τοῦ σώματος ἔχοντες), esp. of the soft mass produced when the ground is wet, e.g. on the roads (Aeneas Tact. 1421; Herodas 1, 14; Arrian, Anab. 5, 15, 2; 2 Km 22:43; Zech 9:3; 10:5; Jos., Ant. 1, 244; cp. JosAs 13:6). Jesus ἔπτυσεν χαμαὶ καὶ ἐποίησεν πηλὸν ἐκ τοῦ πτύσματος J 9:6a (π. ποιεῖν like Chariton 1, 3, 2); cp. vss. 6b, 11, 14, 15. For the use of πηλός in the healing art of ancient times, even on the part of benevolent divinities s. Hdb. ad loc. and KRengstorf, Die Anfänge der Auseinandersetzung zw. Christusglaube u. Asklepiosfrömmigkeit ’53, 39f, n. 61.—B. 20. Schmidt, Syn. II 191–99, s. βόρβορος. DELG. TW. -
55 строительная керамика
1) Engineering: brickware, building ceramic, building ceramics, structural ceramic, structural ceramics, structural clay product2) Construction: ceramics3) Architecture: architectural potteryУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > строительная керамика
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56 terrissa
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57 ཁམ་ས་
[kham sa]clay for making pottery -
58 Samius
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59 ceramica sf
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60 keramiek
n. ceramics, stoneware, hard pottery made from a type of clay containing large amounts of silica or flint
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