-
81 монокалийарсенат
Chemistry: Macquer's salt, potassium dihydrogen arsenate -
82 первичный кислый мышьяковокислый калий
Chemistry: Macquer's salt, potassium dihydrogen arsenateУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > первичный кислый мышьяковокислый калий
-
83 поташ
2) Obsolete: potass3) Engineering: potassium carbonate4) Agriculture: pearl ash5) Chemistry: ash, tartar salt, K2CO36) Makarov: soda ash -
84 щавелевокислый калий
Chemistry: lemon salt, potassium oxalateУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > щавелевокислый калий
-
85 niter
-
86 nitre
-
87 saltpeter
-
88 saltpetre
-
89 dikaliumkarbonat
subst. (kjemi) dipotassium carbonate, dipotassium salt of carbonic acid, potassium carbonate -
90 kaliumpersulfat
subst. (kjemi) dipotassium peroxymonosulfate, dipotassium salt of peroxymonosulfuric acid, potassium -
91 crystal
= xtal, = xtl1) кристалл || кристаллический3) кварц, кварцевая пластина4) пьезокристалл, пьезоэлектрическая пластина5) кристалл ИС6) защитное стекло циферблата (напр. электронных часов)7) вчт хрустальный звон ("музыкальный инструмент" из набора General MIDI)•- ADP crystal
- ammonium-dihydrogen-phosphate crystal
- anharmonic crystal
- anisotropic crystal
- antiferroelectric crystal
- antiferromagnetic crystal
- as-grown crystal
- AT-cut crystal
- atomic crystal
- BC-cut crystal
- biaxial crystal
- birefringent crystal
- boat-grown crystal
- BT-cut crystal
- bulk crystal
- centrosymmetric crystal
- chalcogenide crystal
- chiral liquid crystal
- cholesteric liquid crystal
- clamped crystal
- clear crystal
- compound semiconductor crystal
- covalent crystal
- crucible-grown crystal
- CT-cut crystal
- cubic crystal
- Czochralski grown crystal
- DC-cut crystal
- dendritic crystal
- dextrorotatory crystal
- diamagnetic crystal
- diluted crystal
- dislocation-free crystal
- dispersed-polymer liquid crystal
- doped crystal
- DT-cut crystal
- electrooptic crystal
- extrinsic semiconductor single crystal
- faced crystal
- faceted crystal
- ferrielectric crystal
- ferrimagnetic crystal
- ferroelectric crystal
- ferromagnetic crystal
- fibrous crystal
- filter crystal
- floating-zone crystal
- fluorescent crystal
- grown crystal
- gyrotropic crystal
- heteropolar crystal
- hexagonal crystal
- homopolar crystal
- host crystal
- hydrothermally grown crystal
- idiochromatic crystal
- implanted crystal
- intrinsic crystal
- ionic crystal
- KDP crystal
- laminar crystal
- laser crystal
- LEC crystal
- levorotatory crystal
- liquid crystal
- liquid encapsulated Czochralski crystal
- lyotropic liquid crystal
- magnetic-ordering crystal
- magnetothermoelectric single crystal
- man-made crystal
- maser crystal
- melt-grown crystal
- modulated crystal
- modulated structure crystal
- monoaxial crystal
- monoclinic crystal
- mosaic crystal
- mother crystal
- multidomain single crystal
- native-grown crystal
- needle crystal
- negative crystal
- nematic liquid crystal
- n-type crystal
- optically active crystal
- order-disorder crystal
- orthorhombic crystal
- overtone crystal
- paramagnetic crystal
- partially clamped crystal
- perfect crystal
- piezoelectric crystal
- piezomagnetic crystal - polar crystal
- polarized crystal
- poled crystal
- polygonized crystal
- polyhedral crystal
- polymer crystal - potassium-dihydrogen-phosphate crystal
- powdered crystal
- pseudo-single crystal
- p-type crystal
- pulled crystal
- pyroelectric crystal
- quartz crystal
- ranging crystal
- rhombic crystal
- rhombohedral crystal
- Rochelle-salt crystal
- scintillation crystal
- seed crystal
- single crystal
- single-domain crystal
- smectic liquid crystal
- solution-grown crystal
- steam-grown crystal
- strain-annealed crystal
- strained crystal
- strain-free crystal
- stress-free crystal
- tapelike crystal
- tetragonal crystal
- thermotropic liquid crystal
- tree-shaped crystal
- triclinic crystal
- trigonal crystal
- twin-free crystal
- twinned crystal
- twisted nematic liquid crystal
- two-dimensional crystal
- two-valley crystal
- undoped crystal
- uniaxial crystal
- unpoled crystal
- unstrained crystal
- virgin crystal
- whisker crystal
- X-cut crystal
- XY-cut crystal
- Y-cut crystal
- Z-cut crystal
- zero-cut crystal
- zone-leveled crystal
- III-V crystal -
92 crystal
1) кристалл || кристаллический3) кварц, кварцевая пластина4) пьезокристалл, пьезоэлектрическая пластина5) кристалл ИС6) защитное стекло циферблата (напр. электронных часов)7) вчт. хрустальный звон ("музыкальный инструмент" из набора General MIDI)•- ADP crystal
- ammonium-dihydrogen-phosphate crystal
- anharmonic crystal
- anisotropic crystal
- antiferroelectric crystal
- antiferromagnetic crystal
- as-grown crystal
- AT-cut crystal
- atomic crystal
- BC-cut crystal
- biaxial crystal
- birefringent crystal
- boat-grown crystal
- BT-cut crystal
- bulk crystal
- centrosymmetric crystal
- chalcogenide crystal
- chiral liquid crystal
- cholesteric liquid crystal
- clamped crystal
- clear crystal
- compound semiconductor crystal
- covalent crystal
- crucible-grown crystal
- CT-cut crystal
- cubic crystal
- Czochralski grown crystal
- DC-cut crystal
- dendritic crystal
- dextrorotatory crystal
- diamagnetic crystal
- diluted crystal
- dislocation-free crystal
- dispersed-polymer liquid crystal
- doped crystal
- DT-cut crystal
- electrooptic crystal
- extrinsic semiconductor single crystal
- faced crystal
- faceted crystal
- ferrielectric crystal
- ferrimagnetic crystal
- ferroelectric crystal
- ferromagnetic crystal
- fibrous crystal
- filter crystal
- floating-zone crystal
- fluorescent crystal
- grown crystal
- gyrotropic crystal
- heteropolar crystal
- hexagonal crystal
- homopolar crystal
- host crystal
- hydrothermally grown crystal
- idiochromatic crystal
- III-V crystal
- implanted crystal
- intrinsic crystal
- ionic crystal
- KDP crystal
- laminar crystal
- laser crystal
- LEC crystal
- levorotatory crystal
- liquid crystal
- liquid encapsulated Czochralski crystal
- lyotropic liquid crystal
- magnetic-ordering crystal
- magnetothermoelectric single crystal
- man-made crystal
- maser crystal
- melt-grown crystal
- modulated crystal
- modulated structure crystal
- monoaxial crystal
- monoclinic crystal
- mosaic crystal
- mother crystal
- multidomain single crystal
- native-grown crystal
- needle crystal
- negative crystal
- nematic liquid crystal
- n-type crystal
- optically active crystal
- order-disorder crystal
- orthorhombic crystal
- overtone crystal
- paramagnetic crystal
- partially clamped crystal
- perfect crystal
- piezoelectric crystal
- piezomagnetic crystal
- plasma addressed liquid crystal
- plated crystal
- polar crystal
- polarized crystal
- poled crystal
- polygonized crystal
- polyhedral crystal
- polymer crystal
- polymer dispersed liquid crystal
- positive crystal
- potassium-dihydrogen-phosphate crystal
- powdered crystal
- pseudo-single crystal
- p-type crystal
- pulled crystal
- pyroelectric crystal
- quartz crystal
- ranging crystal
- rhombic crystal
- rhombohedral crystal
- Rochelle-salt crystal
- scintillation crystal
- seed crystal
- single crystal
- single-domain crystal
- smectic liquid crystal
- solution-grown crystal
- steam-grown crystal
- strain-annealed crystal
- strained crystal
- strain-free crystal
- stress-free crystal
- tapelike crystal
- tetragonal crystal
- thermotropic liquid crystal
- tree-shaped crystal
- triclinic crystal
- trigonal crystal
- twin-free crystal
- twinned crystal
- twisted nematic liquid crystal
- two-dimensional crystal
- two-valley crystal
- undoped crystal
- uniaxial crystal
- unpoled crystal
- unstrained crystal
- virgin crystal
- whisker crystal
- X-cut crystal
- XY-cut crystal
- Y-cut crystal
- Z-cut crystal
- zero-cut crystal
- zone-leveled crystalThe New English-Russian Dictionary of Radio-electronics > crystal
-
93 ملح إيفيريت
1. Everitts salt 2. potassium ferrous ferrocyanide -
94 kaliumnatriumtartraat
• Rochelle salt• sodium potassium tartrateNederlands-Engels Technisch Woordenboek > kaliumnatriumtartraat
-
95 seignettezout
• Rochelle salt• sodium potassium tartrate -
96 лежать мёртвым грузом
неодобр.lie < about> like so much dead weight; be the deadweight; be (lie) idle- Это будет первая линия, которая прорежет самое сердце пустыни. Она оживит ряд богатств, доныне лежащих мёртвым грузом: кушумские луговые массивы, индерскую соль и калий... (К. Паустовский, Кара-Бугаз) — 'It will be the first line to cut through the heart of the desert. It will breathe life into the riches now lying about like so much dead weight: the Kushum meadow lands, Inder salt and potassium...'
Русско-английский фразеологический словарь > лежать мёртвым грузом
-
97 cyanide
1. цианид2. цианизировать3. цианистый -
98 Castner, Hamilton Young
SUBJECT AREA: Chemical technology[br]b. 11 September 1858 Brooklyn, New York, USAd. 11 October 1899 Saranoe Lake, New York, USA[br]American chemist, inventor of the electrolytic production of sodium.[br]Around 1850, the exciting new metal aluminium began to be produced by the process developed by Sainte-Claire Deville. However, it remained expensive on account of the high cost of one of the raw materials, sodium. It was another thirty years before Castner became the first to work successfully the process for producing sodium, which consisted of heating sodium hydroxide with charcoal at a high temperature. Unable to interest American backers in the process, Castner took it to England and set up a plant at Oldbury, near Birmingham. At the moment he achieved commercial success, however, the demand for cheap sodium plummeted as a result of the development of the electrolytic process for producing aluminium. He therefore sought other uses for cheap sodium, first converting it to sodium peroxide, a bleaching agent much used in the straw-hat industry. Much more importantly, Castner persuaded the gold industry to use sodium instead of potassium cyanide in the refining of gold. With the "gold rush", he established a large market in Australia, the USA, South Africa and elsewhere, but the problem was to meet the demand, so Castner turned to the electrolytic method. At first progress was slow because of the impure nature of the sodium hydroxide, so he used a mercury cathode, with which the released sodium formed an amalgam. It then reacted with water in a separate compartment in the cell to form sodium hydroxide of a purity hitherto unknown in the alkali industry; chlorine was a valuable by-product.In 1894 Castner began to seek international patents for the cell, but found he had been anticipated in Germany by Kellner, an Austrian chemist. Preferring negotiation to legal confrontation, Castner exchanged patents and processes with Kellner, although the latter's had been less successful. The cell became known as the Castner-Kellner cell, but the process needed cheap electricity and salt, neither of which was available near Oldbury, so he set up the Castner-Kellner Alkali Company works at Runcorn in Cheshire; at the same time, a pilot plant was set up in the USA at Saltville, Virginia, with a larger plant being established at Niagara Falls.[br]Further ReadingA.Fleck, 1947, "The life and work of Hamilton Young Castner" (Castner Memorial Lecture), Chemistry and Industry 44:515-; Fifty Years of Progress: The Story of the Castner-Kellner Company, 1947.T.K.Derry and T.I.Williams, 1960, A Short History of Technology, Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 549–50 (provides a summary of his work).LRDBiographical history of technology > Castner, Hamilton Young
-
99 Perkin, Sir William Henry
[br]b. 12 March 1838 London, Englandd. 14 July 1907 Sudbury, England[br]English chemist, discoverer of aniline dyes, the first synthetic dyestuffs.[br]He early showed an aptitude for chemistry and in 1853 entered the Royal College of Chemistry as a student under A.W.von Hofmann, the first Professor at the College. By the end of his first year, he had carried out his first piece of chemical research, on the action of cyanogen chloride on phenylamine, which he published in the Journal of the Chemical Society (1857). He became honorary assistant to von Hofmann in 1857; three years previously he had set up his own chemical laboratory at home, where he had discovered the first of the azo dyes, aminoazonapththalene. In 1856 Perkin began work on the synthesis of quinine by oxidizing a salt of allyl toluidine with potassium dichromate. Substituting aniline, he obtained a dark-coloured precipitate which proved to possess dyeing properties: Perkin had discovered the first aniline dye. Upon receiving favourable reports on the new material from manufacturers of dyestuffs, especially Pullars of Perth, Perkin resigned from the College and turned to the commercial exploitation of his discovery. This proved highly successful. From 1858, the dye was manufactured at his Greenford Green works as "Aniline Purple" or "Tyrian Purple". It was later to be referred to by the French as mauve. Perkin's discovery led to the development of the modern dyestuffs industry, supplanting dyes from the traditional vegetable sources. In 1869, he introduced two new methods for making the red dye alizarin, in place of the process that involved the use of the madder plant (Rubia tinctorum). In spite of German competition, he dominated the British market until the end of 1873. After eighteen years in chemical industry, Perkin retired and devoted himself entirely to the pure chemical research which he had been pursuing since the 1850s. He eventually contributed ninety papers to the Chemical Society and further papers to other bodies, including the Royal Society. For example, in 1867 he published his synthesis of unsaturated organic acids, known as "Perkin's synthesis". Other papers followed, on the structure of "Aniline Purple". In 1881 Perkin drew attention to the magnetic-rotatory power of some of the substances he had been dealing with. From then on, he devoted particular attention to the application of this phenomenon to the determination of chemical structure.Perkin won wide recognition for his discoveries and other contributions to chemistry.The half-centenary of his great discovery was celebrated in July 1906 and later that year he received a knighthood.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsKnighted 1906. FRS 1866. President, Chemical Society 1883–5. President, Society of Chemical Industry 1884–5. Royal Society Royal Medal 1879; Davy Medal 1889.Bibliography26 August 1856, British patent no. 1984 (Aniline Purple).1867, "The action of acetic anhydride upon the hydrides of salicyl, etc.", Journal of the Chemical Society 20:586 (the first description of Perkin's synthesis).Further ReadingS.M.Edelstein, 1961, biography in Great Chemists, ed. E.Farber, New York: Interscience, pp. 757–72 (a reliable, short account).R.Meldola, 1908, Journal of the Chemical Society 93:2,214–57 (the most detailed account).LRDBiographical history of technology > Perkin, Sir William Henry
-
100 Roebuck, John
SUBJECT AREA: Chemical technology[br]b. 1718 Sheffield, Englandd. 17 July 1794[br]English chemist and manufacturer, inventor of the lead-chamber process for sulphuric acid.[br]The son of a prosperous Sheffield manufacturer, Roebuck forsook the family business to pursue studies in medicine at Edinburgh University. There he met Dr Joseph Black (1727–99), celebrated Professor of Chemistry, who aroused in Roebuck a lasting interest in chemistry. Roebuck continued his studies at Leyden, where he took his medical degree in 1742. He set up in practice in Birmingham, but in his spare time he continued chemical experiments that might help local industries.Among his early achievements was his new method of refining gold and silver. Success led to the setting up of a large laboratory and a reputation as a chemical consultant. It was at this time that Roebuck devised an improved way of making sulphuric acid. This vital substance was then made by burning sulphur and nitre (potassium nitrate) over water in a glass globe. The scale of the process was limited by the fragility of the glass. Roebuck substituted "lead chambers", or vessels consisting of sheets of lead, a metal both cheap and resistant to acids, set in wooden frames. After the first plant was set up in 1746, productivity rose and the price of sulphuric acid fell sharply. Success encouraged Roebuck to establish a second, larger plant at Prestonpans, near Edinburgh. He preferred to rely on secrecy rather than patents to preserve his monopoly, but a departing employee took the secret with him and the process spread rapidly in England and on the European continent. It remained the standard process until it was superseded by the contact process towards the end of the nineteenth century. Roebuck next turned his attention to ironmaking and finally selected a site on the Carron river, near Falkirk in Scotland, where the raw materials and water power and transport lay close at hand. The Carron ironworks began producing iron in 1760 and became one of the great names in the history of ironmaking. Roebuck was an early proponent of the smelting of iron with coke, pioneered by Abraham Darby at Coalbrookdale. To supply the stronger blast required, Roebuck consulted John Smeaton, who c. 1760 installed the first blowing cylinders of any size.All had so far gone well for Roebuck, but he now leased coal-mines and salt-works from the Duke of Hamilton's lands at Borrowstonness in Linlithgow. The coal workings were plagued with flooding which the existing Newcomen engines were unable to overcome. Through his friendship with Joseph Black, patron of James Watt, Roebuck persuaded Watt to join him to apply his improved steam-engine to the flooded mine. He took over Black's loan to Watt of £1,200, helped him to obtain the first steam-engine patent of 1769 and took a two-thirds interest in the project. However, the new engine was not yet equal to the task and the debts mounted. To satisfy his creditors, Roebuck had to dispose of his capital in his various ventures. One creditor was Matthew Boulton, who accepted Roebuck's two-thirds share in Watt's steam-engine, rather than claim payment from his depleted estate, thus initiating a famous partnership. Roebuck was retained to manage Borrowstonness and allowed an annuity for his continued support until his death in 1794.[br]Further ReadingMemoir of John Roebuck in J.Roy. Soc. Edin., vol. 4 (1798), pp. 65–87.S.Gregory, 1987, "John Roebuck, 18th century entrepreneur", Chem. Engr. 443:28–31.LRD
См. также в других словарях:
Potassium trioxochlorochromate — Potassium trioxochlorochromate, Potassium chlorochromate [http://www.csudh.edu/oliver/chemdata/chemsyn.htm Synonyms Of Chemicals ] ] [http://books.google.com/books?id=QQZKAAAAMAAJ q=%22P%C3%A9ligot%27s+salt%22 dq=%22P%C3%A9ligot%27s+salt%22… … Wikipedia
Potassium peroxymonosulfate — IUPAC name Potassium peroxysulfate … Wikipedia
Potassium acetate — Other names Potassium salt; E261 … Wikipedia
Potassium perchlorate — Potassium perchlorate … Wikipedia
Potassium tartrate — IUPAC name Dipotassium 2,3 dihydroxybutanedioate … Wikipedia
potassium permanganate — n a dark purple salt KMnO4 used chiefly as an oxidizing agent and disinfectant * * * a salt of potassium used for disinfecting and cleansing wounds and as a general skin antiseptic. It irritates mucous membranes and is poisonous if taken into the … Medical dictionary
Potassium citrate — IUPAC name tripotassium citrate … Wikipedia
Potassium nitrate (data page) — Potassium nitrate is an oxidizer so storing it near fire hazards or reducing agents should be avoided to minimise risk in case of a fire. Product Identification Synonyms : Saltpeter; Niter/Nitre; Nitric acid potassium salt; Salt Peter CAS No. :… … Wikipedia
Potassium fumarate — IUPAC name dipotassium (E) but 2 enedioate … Wikipedia
Potassium ascorbate — IUPAC name Potassium (2R) 2 [(1S) 1,2 dihydroxyethyl] 4 hydroxy 5 oxo 2H furan 3 olate … Wikipedia
Potassium malate — IUPAC name dipotassium 2 hydroxybutanedioate … Wikipedia