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81 potter
Inounгончар; potter's clay гончарная или горшечная глина; potter's lathe (wheel) гончарный станок (круг)IIverb1) работать беспорядочно (at, in над чем-л.)2) работать лениво, лодырничать (тж. potter about)3) бесцельно тратить время* * *1 (0) бесцельно слоняться; бесцельно тратить время; гончар2 (n) продавец гончарных изделий3 (v) бездельничать; брести; заниматься ерундой; лодырничать; работать кое-как; тащиться* * *гончар; горшечник; продавец глиняной посуды* * *[pot·ter || 'pɑtə(r) /'pɒ-] n. гончар v. бесцельно тратить время, работать беспорядочно, работать лениво, лодырничать, копошиться* * *бездельничатьгончарлентяйничатьлодырничать* * *I сущ. гончар; горшечник; продавец глиняной посуды, гончарных изделий II 1. гл. 1) заниматься несистематически, непрофессинально (чем-л. - at, in) 2) а) бездельничать, лодырничать; работать не в полную силу (тж. potter about) б) заниматься ерундой, тратить время попусту в) бесцельно слоняться 2. сущ. 1) пустяковая работа 2) бесцельная прогулка III сущ. 1) тот, кто занимается консервированием мяса и др. продуктов 2) охотник, убивающий всякую дичь без разбора -
82 earth
n 1. Земля, земной шар, мир; 2. земля, суша; 3. грунт, почва (1). Существительное Earth 1. в качестве названия планеты — имя собственное, пишется с заглавной буквы и употребляется без артикля:man's life on Earth — жизнь человека на Земле.
The spaceship came safely back to Earth — Космический корабль благополучно вернулся на Землю.
(2). Существительное earth в значении 1. — земной шар, мир, планета, на которой мы живем, обычно употребляется с определенным артиклем:The moon goes round the earth — Луна вращается вокруг земли.
The ocean covers 70% of the earth — Океан покрывает 70% земного шара;
to vanish from the face of the earth — исчезнуть с лица земли.
(3). Earth 3. — неисчисляемое существительное и употребляется без артикля:to fall to earth — упасть на землю;
to fill the pot with earth — наполнить горшок землей/грунтом;
to cover the roots of the plant with earth — прикрыть корни растений землей/грунтом.
Определенный артикль употребляется в тех случаях, когда есть выраженное или подразумеваемое ограничивающее определение:to bury smth deep in the earth — зарыть что-либо глубоко в почву.
The earth was wet (frozen) — Земля была мокрой (мерзлой).
(4). Русскому земля соответствуют ряд слов в английском языке: земля — поверхность соответствует английское ground:The ground was covered with dry leaves — Земля была покрыта сухими листьями;
to fall to (to lie on) the ground — упасть на землю (лежать на земле);
high above the ground — высоко над землей.
Земля — суша соответствует английскому land:to travel over land and sea — путешествовать по суше и морю;
to reach land — достигнуть земли (суши, берега);
far from land in the open sea — далеко от земли (берега), в открытом море.
Земля в значении — почва соответствует английским soil или earth:sandy (clay) soil — песчаная (глинистая) почва.
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83 fashion
['fæʃ(ə)n] 1. сущ.1) форма, очертания; покрой ( об одежде)Syn:2) уст. сорт, вид, разновидностьSyn:3) манера поведения, образ действияin an orderly fashion — регулярно, методично, систематически
- in a fashionShe behaved in a strange fashion. — Она вела себя очень странно.
- in a new fashionSyn:4) мода, стиль- man of fashionBig hats are no longer in fashion. — Большие шляпы уже не в моде.
- high fashion
- out of fashionSyn:2. гл.1) придавать форму; создаватьShe fashioned a clay into a pot. — Она придала глине форму горшка.
2) тех. формовать, фасонироватьSyn:mould II3) изменяться, превращатьсяSyn:We can fashion the dress to your figure. — Мы сошьём платье специально на вас.
This music is not fashioned to my taste. — Эта музыка мне не по вкусу.
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84 floor
1) пол; перекрытие; настил2) этаж4) проезжая часть моста; мостовой настил; ездовое полотно ( автодорожного моста); мостовое полотно ( железнодорожного моста)5) грунт; почва6) основание, подстилающий слой, дно ( реки)7) днище ( камеры шлюзового дока)8) площадка; участок; отделение•floor with precast beams placed close together — перекрытие из уложенных рядом сборных ( железобетонных) балок
- floor of lock - apparatus floor - arched floor - armoured concrete floor - asphalt mastic floor - attic floor - basement floor - battle-deck floor - beam floor - beam and girder floor - beamless floor - blind floor - bridge floor - bridging floor - cellular floor - cement floor - cement-wood floor - clay floor - clinker floor - composite floor - composition floor - concrete floor - continuous floor - counter floor - dead floor - double floor - downstream floor - drying floor - earth floor - false floor - filler-joist floor - finished floor - fire-resistive floor - first floor - flat-plate floor - flatslab floor - floating floor - floating wood floor - framed floor - free floor of bridge - garret floor - girderless floor - grating floor - ground floor - gypsum floor - heated floor - heat-insulated floor - heavy-duty floor - jointless floor - matched floor - metal-deck floor - mushroom floor - noise floor - open floor - open bridge floor - overall floor - pan floor - parquet floor - pivoting floor - plank floor - precast concrete floor - raised floor - reinforced concrete floor - rib floor - seamless floor - self-levelling floor - sheet floor - single-floor - slab floor - slab and girder floor - slippery floor - sloping floor - slotted floor - solid floor - solid bridge floor - suspended floor - tile floor - timber floor - timber floor of bridge - tongue floor - troweled floor - upper floor - upstream floor - wearing floorfloor without joint — бесшовный пол, монолитный пол
* * *1. пол2. перекрытие3. этаж- floor of hollow construction
- acceptable floor
- Ackerman ribbed floor
- apparatus floor
- attic floor
- basement floor
- beam floor
- beam-and-block floor
- beam-and-girder floor
- beam-and-slab floor
- beamless floor
- bedroom floor
- bridging floor
- ceiling floor
- cellular-steel floor
- cement-wood floor
- clinker floor
- composite concrete-steel deck floor
- composite floor
- composition floor
- concrete floor on grade
- concrete-arch floor
- concrete pan floor
- counter floor
- double-joisted floor
- double floor
- false floor
- filler-joist floor
- finished floor
- finish floor
- fire-resisting floor
- first floor
- flatslab floor
- floating floor
- framed floor
- ground floor
- heavily loaded floor
- heavy duty floor
- hollow block floor
- industrial floor
- jointless floor
- joisted floor
- kitchen floor
- mushroom floor
- nonslip floor
- Omnia concrete floor
- Omnia floor
- one-way floor
- open floor
- open timber floor
- open-web joist floor
- pan floor
- parquet floor
- post-tensioned floor
- pot floor
- precast beam-and-filler floor
- precast concrete floor
- production floor
- raised floor
- ribbed floor
- rough floor
- second floor
- self-leveling floor
- shallow floor
- single floor
- site-precast floor
- skip joist system floor
- slab floor
- slab and beam floor
- slab-on-grade floor
- slippery floor
- slip-resistant floor
- slotted floor
- solid floor
- solid panel floor
- sparkproof floor
- squeak-free floor
- steel grating floor
- steel grid floor
- sub floor
- superflat floor
- suspended floor
- timber floor
- top floor
- troweled floor
- typical floor
- upper floors
- upstream floor
- vacuum-treated concrete floor
- waffle-slab floor -
85 gumbo
1. n амер. бот. бамия, окра2. n амер. суп из стручков бамии3. n амер. гумбо4. n амер. креольский диалект Нового ОрлеанаСинонимический ряд:1. goo (noun) goo; gook; goop; gunk; muck2. hodge-podge (noun) broth; chowder; hodge-podge; hotchpotch; mixed bag; olio; olla podrida; potage; potpourri; pot-pourri; vichyssoise -
86 smoke
1. n дым; дымок2. n копоть3. n курение4. n разг. курево; сигара, сигарета; папироса5. n разг. перекур, небольшой перерыв в работеwe stopped to smoke — мы закурили; мы сделали перекур
6. n дымка; туман7. n физ. суспензия твёрдых частиц в газе8. n бледно-голубой цвет9. n дымчато-серый цвет10. n сл. редк. марихуана; гашиш11. n сл. враки; похвальба12. n сл. грубая лесть13. v дымить; дымиться14. v закоптить, покрыть сажей; задымлять15. v курить16. v куриться17. v коптить, подвергать копчениюexpulsion smoke — дым, удаляемый из камер копчения
18. v окуривать19. v выкуривать20. v воен. ставить дымовую завесуСинонимический ряд:1. cigarette (noun) cigarette; fag2. fumes from burning (noun) cigarette smoke; exhaust gas; fumes; fumes from burning; noxious cloud; smog; smudge; soot; thick haze; vapor from combustion3. emit smoke (verb) emit smoke; exhaust; fume; give off vapor; incinerate; pollute; smolder; smoulder; smudge; vaporise; vaporize4. hurry (verb) barrel; barrelhouse; beeline; bucket; bullet; bustle; fleet; flit; fly; haste; hasten; highball; hotfoot; hurry; hustle; pelt; rock; rocket; run; rush; scoot; scour; skin; speed; stave; whirl; whish; whisk; whiz; zip5. light up (verb) inhale smoke; light a cigarette; light up; smoke a pipe; smoke cigarettes; smoke dope; take a drag; take a hit; toke -
87 earthen
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88 Darby, Abraham
SUBJECT AREA: Metallurgy[br]b. 1678 near Dudley, Worcestershire, Englandd. 5 May 1717 Madely Court, Coalbrookdale, Shropshire, England[br]English ironmaster, inventor of the coke smelting of iron ore.[br]Darby's father, John, was a farmer who also worked a small forge to produce nails and other ironware needed on the farm. He was brought up in the Society of Friends, or Quakers, and this community remained important throughout his personal and working life. Darby was apprenticed to Jonathan Freeth, a malt-mill maker in Birmingham, and on completion of his apprenticeship in 1699 he took up the trade himself in Bristol. Probably in 1704, he visited Holland to study the casting of brass pots and returned to Bristol with some Dutch workers, setting up a brassworks at Baptist Mills in partnership with others. He tried substituting cast iron for brass in his castings, without success at first, but in 1707 he was granted a patent, "A new way of casting iron pots and other pot-bellied ware in sand without loam or clay". However, his business associates were unwilling to risk further funds in the experiments, so he withdrew his share of the capital and moved to Coalbrookdale in Shropshire. There, iron ore, coal, water-power and transport lay close at hand. He took a lease on an old furnace and began experimenting. The shortage and expense of charcoal, and his knowledge of the use of coke in malting, may well have led him to try using coke to smelt iron ore. The furnace was brought into blast in 1709 and records show that in the same year it was regularly producing iron, using coke instead of charcoal. The process seems to have been operating successfully by 1711 in the production of cast-iron pots and kettles, with some pig-iron destined for Bristol. Darby prospered at Coalbrookdale, employing coke smelting with consistent success, and he sought to extend his activities in the neighbourhood and in other parts of the country. However, ill health prevented him from pursuing these ventures with his previous energy. Coke smelting spread slowly in England and the continent of Europe, but without Darby's technological breakthrough the ever-increasing demand for iron for structures and machines during the Industrial Revolution simply could not have been met; it was thus an essential component of the technological progress that was to come.Darby's eldest son, Abraham II (1711–63), entered the Coalbrookdale Company partnership in 1734 and largely assumed control of the technical side of managing the furnaces and foundry. He made a number of improvements, notably the installation of a steam engine in 1742 to pump water to an upper level in order to achieve a steady source of water-power to operate the bellows supplying the blast furnaces. When he built the Ketley and Horsehay furnaces in 1755 and 1756, these too were provided with steam engines. Abraham II's son, Abraham III (1750–89), in turn, took over the management of the Coalbrookdale works in 1768 and devoted himself to improving and extending the business. His most notable achievement was the design and construction of the famous Iron Bridge over the river Severn, the world's first iron bridge. The bridge members were cast at Coalbrookdale and the structure was erected during 1779, with a span of 100 ft (30 m) and height above the river of 40 ft (12 m). The bridge still stands, and remains a tribute to the skill and judgement of Darby and his workers.[br]Further ReadingA.Raistrick, 1989, Dynasty of Iron Founders, 2nd edn, Ironbridge Gorge Museum Trust (the best source for the lives of the Darbys and the work of the company).H.R.Schubert, 1957, History of the British Iron and Steel Industry AD 430 to AD 1775, London: Routledge \& Kegan Paul.LRD -
89 Wedgwood, Josiah
SUBJECT AREA: Domestic appliances and interiors[br]baptized 12 July 1730 Burslem, Staffordshire, Englandd. 3 January 1795 Etruria Hall, Staffordshire, England[br]English potter and man of science.[br]Wedgwood came from prolific farming stock who, in the seventeenth century, had turned to pot-making. At the age of 9 his education was brought to an end by his father's death and he was set to work in one of the family potteries. Two years later an attack of smallpox left him with a weakness in his right knee which prevented him from working the potter's wheel. This forced his attention to other aspects of the process, such as design and modelling. He was apprenticed to his brother Thomas in 1744, and in 1752 was in partnership with Thomas Whieldon, a leading Staffordshire potter, until probably the first half of 1759, when he became a master potter and set up in business on his own account at Ivy House Works in Burslem.Wedgwood was then able to exercise to the full his determination to improve the quality of his ware. This he achieved by careful attention to all aspects of the work: artistic judgement of form and decoration; chemical study of the materials; and intelligent management of manufacturing processes. For example, to achieve greater control over firing conditions, he invented a pyrometer, a temperature-measuring device by which the shrinkage of prepared clay cylinders in the furnace gave an indication of the temperature. Wedgwood was the first potter to employ steam power, installing a Boulton \& Watt engine for crushing and other operations in 1782. Beyond the confines of his works, Wedgwood concerned himself in local issues such as improvements to the road and canal systems to facilitate transport of raw materials and products.During the first ten years, Wedgwood steadily improved the quality of his cream ware, known as "Queen's ware" after a set of ware was presented to Queen Charlotte in 1762. The business prospered and his reputation grew. In 1766 he was able to purchase an estate on which he built new works, a mansion and a village to which he gave the name Etruria. Four years after the Etruria works were opened in 1769, Wedgwood began experimenting with a barium compound combined in a fine-textured base allied to a true porcelain. The result was Wedgwood's most original and distinctive ware similar to jasper, made in a wide variety of forms.Wedgwood had many followers and imitators but the merit of initiating and carrying through a large-scale technical and artistic development of English pottery belongs to Wedgwood.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsFRS 1783.BibliographyWedgwood contributed five papers to the Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, two in 1783 and 1790 on chemical subjects and three in 1782, 1784 and 1786 on his pyrometer.Further ReadingMeteyard, 1865, Life of Josiah Wedgwood, London (biography).A.Burton, 1976, Josiah Wedgwood: Biography, London: André Deutsch (a very readable account).LRD -
90 shape
/ʃeip/ * danh từ - hình, hình dạng, hình thù =spherical in shape+ có dáng hình cầu =a monster in human shape+ con quỷ hình người - sự thể hiện cụ thể =intention took shape in action+ ý định thể hiện bằng hành động - loại, kiểu, hình thức =a reward in the shape of a sum of money+ sự thưởng công dưới hình thức một món tiền - sự sắp xếp, sự sắp đặt =to get one's ideas into shape+ sắp xếp ý kiến của mình cho gọn ghẽ - bóng, bóng ma =a shape loomend through the mist+ có một bóng người hiện ra mờ mờ trong sương mù - khuôn, mẫu - thạch bỏ khuôn, thịt đông bỏ khuôn - các (đê) đôn !to be in good shape - dư sức, sung sức !go get out of shape !to lose shape - trở thành méo mó; không còn ra hình thù gì !to lick into shape - nặn thành hình - (nghĩa bóng) làm cho trông được; làm cho có hiệu lực; huấn luyện cho dùng được * động từ - nặn, đẽo, gọt, tạo thành hình =to shape clay into a pot+ nặn đất thành một cái lọ - uốn nắn =to shape somebody's character+ uốn nắn tính nết ai - đặt ra, thảo ra (kế hoạch) - định đường, định hướng =to shape one's course+ định hướng đi của mình, (nghĩa bóng) làm chủ vận mệnh mình - hình thành, thành hình =an idea shapes in his mind+ một ý kiến hình thành trong óc anh ta - có triển vọng =to shape well+ có triển vọng phát triển tốt, có chiều phát triển tốt -
91 பானை
[ pāṉai ] paane பானெ (clay) pot (with wide mouth and round bottom)
См. также в других словарях:
pot-clay — ˈ ̷ ̷ˌ ̷ ̷ noun : a fireclay suitable for the manufacture of the melting pots used in glassmaking … Useful english dictionary
Clay pot cooking — Clay pot Rice With Swamp Eel Clay pot cooking is a technique of cooking food in an unglazed clay pot which has been soaked in water so as to release steam during the cooking process. This technique has a long history, stretching back at least to… … Wikipedia
Pot House Hamlet — is a historic former industrial site in Silkstone, South Yorkshire, England.HistoryA glass works was established at Silkstone around 1659 by John Pilmey, who had emigrated from France some years earlier.cite journal |last=Dungworth |first=David… … Wikipedia
pot´ter|ing|ly — pot|ter1 «POT uhr», noun. a person who makes pots, dishes, or vases out of clay. ╂[Old English pottere < pott pot + ere er1] pot|ter2 «POT uhr», intransitive verb, transitive verb. to keep busy in a rather useless way; putter: »She potters… … Useful english dictionary
pot´ter|er — pot|ter1 «POT uhr», noun. a person who makes pots, dishes, or vases out of clay. ╂[Old English pottere < pott pot + ere er1] pot|ter2 «POT uhr», intransitive verb, transitive verb. to keep busy in a rather useless way; putter: »She potters… … Useful english dictionary
pot|ter — pot|ter1 «POT uhr», noun. a person who makes pots, dishes, or vases out of clay. ╂[Old English pottere < pott pot + ere er1] pot|ter2 «POT uhr», intransitive verb, transitive verb. to keep busy in a rather useless way; putter: »She potters… … Useful english dictionary
pot|ter|y — «POT uhr ee», noun, plural ter|ies. 1. pots, dishes, or vases made from clay and hardened by heat. The finest type of pottery is called porcelain. All other pottery is called earthenware or stoneware. 2. the art or business of making them;… … Useful english dictionary
Pot-in-pot refrigerator — The pot in pot refrigerator, also known as a Zeer الزير in Arabic, is a refrigeration device which keeps food cool without electricity by using evaporative cooling. A porous outer earthenware pot, lined with wet sand, contains an inner pot (which … Wikipedia
pot — 1 noun 1 TEA/COFFEE (C) a container with a handle and a small tube for pouring, used to make tea or coffee 2 COOKING (C) a container used for cooking which is round, deep, and usually made of metal: The sink was full of dirty pots and pans. 3… … Longman dictionary of contemporary English
pot — noun 1 for cooking ADJECTIVE ▪ cooking VERB + POT ▪ cover ▪ Cook gently in a covered pot for 3–4 hours. ▪ stir POT + VERB … Collocations dictionary
pot — pot1 W3S2 [pɔt US pa:t] n ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ 1¦(cooking)¦ 2¦(for a plant)¦ 3¦(tea/coffee)¦ 4¦(for food, paint etc)¦ 5¦(bowl/dish etc)¦ 6 go to pot 7 pots of money 8¦(money)¦ 9¦(drug)¦ 10 (a case of) the pot calling the kettle … Dictionary of contemporary English