post+one's+self

con-tendo, di, tum, 3, v. a. and n., to stretch, stretch out vigorously, to draw tight, strain.

Lit. (rare and mostly poet.):

arcum,

Verg. A. 12, 815; Ov. M. 6, 286; id. R. Am. 435: tormenta, Sisen. ap. Non. p. 258, 27; Cic. Tusc. 2, 24, 57: muscipula, Lucil. ap. Non. p. 181, 31:

tenacia vincla,

Verg. G. 4, 412:

ilia risu,

Ov. A. A. 3, 285: pontem in alto, Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 21 Müll. (Ann. v. 358 Vahl.):

oculi contendunt se,

Lucr. 4, 810.— Of stringed instruments, to tune by stretching the strings:

ut in fidibus pluribus, si nulla earum ita contenta nervis sit, ut concentum servare possit,

Cic. Fin. 4, 27, 75; cf. infra, P. a.—

Meton.

(Causa pro effectu.) Of weapons, to shoot, hurl, dart, throw:

infensam hastam,

Verg. A. 10, 521:

tela,

id. ib. 12, 815:

sagittas nervo,

Sil. 1, 323:

telum aërias in auras,

Verg. A. 5, 520. —

Of places, neutr., to stretch, reach, extend:

haec patulum vallis contendit in orbem,

Calp. Ecl. 7, 30:

Cappadocum gens usque ad Cyrresticam ejus regionem parte suā, quae vocatur Cataonia, contendit,

Plin. 6, 8, 8, § 24.—

Trop. (freq. in prose and poetry); act., to strain eagerly, to stretch, exert, to direct one's mental powers to something, to pursue or strive for earnestly; or neutr., to exert one's self, to strive zealously for something, etc.

In gen.

With acc.:

magnum fortasse onus, verum tamen dignum, in quo omnis nervos aetatis industriaeque meae contenderem,

Cic. Verr. 1, 12, 35; cf.:

contendit omnis nervos Chrysippus, ut persuadeat, etc.,

id. Fat. 10, 21:

summas vires de palmā,

Lucr. 4, 990:

animum in curas,

Ov. P. 1, 5, 11:

quo se dira libido,

Lucr. 4, 1043:

tamen id sibi contendendum aut aliter non transducendum exercitum existimabat,

Caes. B. G. 4, 17; cf.:

id contendere et laborare, ne ea, etc.,

id. ib. 1, 31; Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 21, § 52: et petere imperium populi et contendere honores, Varr. ap. Non. p. 259, 32.—

With inf., to exert one's self vigorously to do something, to apply one's self with zeal to, to go to:

hunc locum duabus ex partibus oppugnare contendit,

Caes. B. G. 5, 21:

summā vi transcendere in hostium naves,

id. ib. 3, 15:

fugā salutem petere,

id. ib. al.; Quint. 10, 1, 125:

neque ego nunc hoc contendo... mutare animum, sed, etc.,

Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 13, § 38.—

Neutr.:

quantum coniti animo potes, quantum labore contendere... tantum fac ut efficias,

Cic. Off. 3, 2, 6.— With ut:

quántum potero voce contendam, ut populus hoc Romanus exaudiat,

Cic. Lig. 3, 6; so,

remis, ut eam partem insulae caperet,

Caes. B. G. 5, 8 et saep.:

contende quaeso atque elabora, ut, etc.,

Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 14, § 42.— Absol.:

vociferarer et, quantum maxime possem, contenderem,

Cic. Fl. 16, 38 al.:

non possis oculo quantum contendere Lynceus (= collineare),

to aim at, Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 28.—

In partic.,

To direct or bend one's course eagerly somewhere; or, neutr., to strive to get to a place, to seek to arrive at, to go, march, or journey hastily to, etc.

With acc. (very rare):

rectā plateā cursum suum,

Plaut. Cist. 2, 1, 58:

nocte unā tantum itineris,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 34, 97.—

With inf. (freq.):

Bibracte ire,

Caes. B. G. 1, 23; so,

ire cum his legionibus,

id. ib. 1, 10:

in Britanniam proficisci,

id. ib. 4, 20:

in provinciam reverti,

id. ib. 3, 6 fin.:

Dyrrhachium petere,

Cic. Planc. 41, 97; cf.:

proxima litora petere cursu,

Verg. A. 1, 158; and:

iter a Vibone Brundisium terrā petere,

Cic. Planc. 40, 96 Wund.—

Neutr. (so most freq.):

in Italiam magnis itineribus,

Caes. B. G. 1, 10; cf.:

huc magnis itineribus,

id. ib. 1, 38 fin.:

huc magno cursu,

id. ib. 3, 19:

inde in Italiam,

id. ib. 1, 33:

in fines Sigambrorum,

id. ib. 4, 18:

in castra,

id. ib. 4, 37:

ex eo loco ad flumen,

id. ib. 2, 9:

ad Rhenum finesque Germanorum,

id. ib. 1, 27 fin.:

ad oppidum Noviodunum,

id. ib. 2, 12:

ad castra,

id. ib. 2, 19 fin.; 3, 24 fin.:

ad hostes,

id. ib. 5, 9:

ad Amanum,

Cic. Att. 5, 20, 3: Tarentum ad Heraclidem Ponticum, Varr. ap. Non. p. 260, 19:

Lacedaemonem,

Nep. Cim. 3, 3:

domum,

Caes. B. G. 2, 24 fin. et saep.:

ad ultimum animo,

Cic. Mur. 31, 65; cf.:

magna spectare atque ad ea rectis studiis contendere,

id. Off. 2, 13, 44:

ad summam laudem gloriamque maximis laboribus et periculis,

id. Phil. 14, 12, 32:

ad salutem,

Caes. B. G. 3, 3 fin. —

( Neutr.) To measure or try one's strength with, with weapons, by words, in action, etc.; to strive, dispute, fight, contend against, vie with; constr. with cum aliquo, contra or adversus aliquem, the dat., inter se, or absol.

Cum aliquo:

neque post id tempus umquam summis nobiscum copiis hostes contenderunt,

Caes. B. G. 5, 17 fin.; 1, 36:

cum Sequanis bello,

id. ib. 7, 67 fin.:

cum eo armis,

Cic. Att. 7, 9, 2:

cum magnis legionibus parvā manu,

Sall. C. 53, 3:

cum barbaro,

Nep. Con. 4, 3:

cum victore,

Hor. S. 1, 9, 42:

mecum ingenio et arte,

Prop. 2 (3), 24, 23 al.:

cum eo de principatu,

Nep. Arist. 1, 1; cf. id. Ages. 1, 4 al.:

divitiis et sumptibus, non probitate neque industriā cum majoribus suis,

Sall. J. 4, 7:

humilitas cum dignitate et amplitudine,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 47, 136.—So with acc. of neutr. pron.:

tamenne vereris, ut possis haec contra Hortensium contendere?

Cic. Quint. 25, 78.—

Contra aliquem:

contra populum Romanum armis,

Caes. B. G. 2, 13:

tauri pro vitulis contra leones summā vi impetuque contendunt,

Cic. Fin. 3, 20, 66:

contra vim gravitatemque morbi,

id. Phil. 9, 7, 15:

nihil contra naturam universam,

id. Off. 1, 31, 110; Cat. 64, 101.—

Adversus aliquem: non contendam ego adversus te, Anton. ap. Cic. Att. 14, 13, A, 2.—

With dat. ( poet.):

hirundo cycnis,

Lucr. 3, 6:

Homero,

Prop. 1, 7, 3; 1, 14, 7:

Pindaricis plectris,

Stat. S. 1, 3, 101.—

Inter se:

hi cum tantopere de potentatu inter se multos annos contenderent,

Caes. B. G. 1, 31, 4; 1, 5, 3:

viribus inter se,

Lucr. 3, 784.— Impers.:

interim proelio equestri inter duas acies contendebatur,

the contest was carried on, Caes. B. G. 2, 9.—

Absol.:

proelio,

Caes. B. G. 1, 48; 1, 50 fin.;

3, 28 al.: magis virtute quam dolo,

id. ib. 1, 13; Nep. Epam. 2, 5:

translatio non habet quaestionem, de quā contendit orator, sed propter quam contendit,

Quint. 3, 6, 72; cf. id. 6, 1, 50; 7, 9, 3 al.— Impers.:

summo jure contenditur,

Cic. Caecin. 23, 65:

de his lite contenditur,

Quint. 3, 4, 8:

de personis judicatur, sed de rebus contenditur,

id. 10, 5, 13.—

In auctions, to vie with in bidding, to bid against: is liceri non destitit;

illi quoad videbatur ferri aliquo modo posse, contenderunt,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 42, § 99.—

( Act.) To place together in comparison, to compare, contrast; constr. with cum, ad, the dat., or acc. only.

With cum: tuam iram contra cum ira Liberi, Naev. ap. Non. p. 259, 7; Caecil. ib. p. 259, 1:

id cum defensione nostrā,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 33, 93:

rationem meam cum tuā ratione,

id. N. D. 3, 4, 10; Tac. A. 4, 32 al.: suam vitam mecum, Licinius, Macer. ap. Non. p. 259, 3.—

With ad: ut vim contendas tuam ad majestatem viri, Att. ap. Non. p. 259, 5 (Trag. Rel. v. 648 Rib.).—

With dat.: Thestiadas Ledae, Lucil. ap. Non. p. 258, 30:

vellera potantia Aquinatem fucum Sidonio ostro,

Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 26; Aus. Grat. Act. 14 al.—

With [p. 447] acc. only: anulum, Plaut. Fragm. ap. Non. p. 258, 29:

ipsas causas, quae inter se confligunt,

Cic. Cat. 2, 11, 25:

leges,

id. Inv. 2, 49, 145:

suam quaeque nobilitatem, formam, opes,

Tac. A. 12, 1:

vetera et praesentia,

id. ib. 13, 3.—

( Act.) To demand, ask, solicit, entreat, beg earnestly, to seek to gain:

cum a me peteret et summe contenderet, ut suum propinquum defenderem,

Cic. Quint. 24, 77:

verecundius a te, si quae magna res mihi petenda esset, contenderem,

id. Fam. 2, 6, 1; so,

ab aliquo,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 53, § 131; id. de Or. 1, 36, 166; id. Rosc. Am. 1, 4; id. Fam. 13, 7, 3; cf.:

a magistris de proferendo die,

id. ib. 12, 30, 5; id. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 5, § 15:

ne quid contra aequitatem,

id. Off. 2, 20, 71:

omni opere, ut, etc.,

Suet. Dom. 2:

magno opere, ne, etc.,

id. Aug. 27; id. Vit. 3:

pertinaciter,

id. Caes. 1.—

( Act.) To assert, affirm earnestly, to maintain or contend energetically.

With acc. and inf.:

sic ego hoc contendo, me tibi ipsi adversario cujuscumque tribus rationem poposceris redditurum,

Cic. Planc. 19, 48; id. Sest. 50, 107; id. Arch. 7, 15:

apud eos contendit falsa esse delata,

Nep. Them. 7, 2; id. Epam. 8, 1:

illud pro me majoribusque meis contendere ausim, nihil nos... scientes fuisse,

Liv. 6, 40, 5; Quint. prooem. § 11; 1, 2, 25; Suet. Calig. 15; id. Dom. 6; Lucr. 5, 1343; Cat. 44, 4; Ov. M. 2, 855; Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 37 al.—

Absol. (very rare):

si manantia corpuscula iter claudunt, ut Asclepiades contendit,

Cels. 1, praef. § 28.—Hence, contentus, a, um, P. a.

Lit., stretched, strained, tense, tight:

qui jam contento, jam laxo fune laborat,

Hor. S. 2, 7, 20:

acies oculorum,

Lucr. 1, 325; cf.:

contentis oculis prosequi aliquem,

Suet. Tib. 7:

contentis corporibus facilius feruntur onera (opp. remissa),

Cic. Tusc. 2, 23, 54; cf.:

contentā cervice trahunt plaustra (boves),

Verg. G. 3, 536:

Placideiani contento poplite miror Proelia,

with the knee stiffly bent, Hor. S. 2, 7, 97.—

Trop., eager, intent:

contenta mens fuit in eā ratione,

Lucr. 4, 965; cf. Ov. M. 15, 515:

et contentā voce atrociter dicere et summissā leniter,

Cic. Or. 17, 56:

ad tribunatum contento studio cursuque veniamus,

id. Sest. 6, 13.— Sup.:

contentissimā voce clamitans,

App. M. 4, p. 147.— Adv.: con-tentē, earnestly, with great exertion, vehemently:

pro se dicere... mittere contentius,

Cic. Tusc. 2, 24, 57; cf.:

acriter atque contente pro suis decretis propugnare,

Gell. 18, 1, 2:

contentissime clamitare, App. Flor. n. 8: contentius ambulare,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 34, 97:

ornamentis iisdem uti fere licebit, alias contentius, alias summissius,

id. de Or. 3, 55, 212:

aliquid curiose atque contente lectitare,

Gell. 3, 3, 1.

grātĭa, ae, f. [gratus; lit., favor, both that in which one stands with others and that which one shows to others].

(Acc. to gratus, I.) Favor which one finds with others, esteem, regard, liking, love, friendship (syn. favor):

pluris pauciorum gratiam faciunt pars hominum quam id quod prosint pluribus,

Plaut. Trin. 1, 1, 12:

perspicio nihili meam vos facere gratiam,

id. Curc. 1, 2, 68:

ut majores ejus (Plancii) summum in praefectura florentissima gradum tenuerint et dignitatis et gratiae,

Cic. Planc. 13, 32; cf.:

Sex. Roscius gratia atque hospitiis florens hominum nobilissimorum,

id. Rosc. Am. 6, 15:

deinde si maxime talis est deus, ut nulla gratia, nulla hominum caritate teneatur, etc.,

id. N. D. 1, 44, 124:

neque quo Cn. Pompeii gratiam mihi per hanc causam conciliari putem,

id. de Imp. Pomp. 24, 70; cf.:

aliquem restituere in gratiam,

id. Prov. Cons. 9, 23:

aliquem restituere in ejus veterem gratiam,

id. Att. 1, 3, 3:

in gratiam reducere,

id. Rab. Post. 8, 19; cf.

also: cum aliquo in gratiam redire,

to reconcile one's self with one, id. Att. 1, 14, 7; Nep. Alcib. 5, 1; id. Thras. 3 fin.; id. Dat. 8, 5 al.:

alicujus gratiam sequi,

Caes. B. C. 1, 1, 3; cf.:

si suam gratiam Romani velint, posse eis utiles esse amicos,

id. B. G. 4, 7, 4:

ab aliquo inire gratiam,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 46, § 113:

a bonis omnibus summam inire gratiam,

id. Att. 7, 9, 3:

magnam inire gratiam,

id. Fin. 4, 12, 31:

quantam eo facto ad plebem inierat gratiam,

Liv. 33, 46, 7:

apud regem gratiam initam volebant,

id. 36, 5, 3:

at te apud eum, dii boni, quanta in gratia posui!

Cic. Att. 6, 6, 4; cf. id. ib. 5, 11, 6; Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 6 fin.;

with a different construction: apud Lentulum ponam te in gratiam (Ern. conj. in gratia),

Cic. Att. 5, 3, 3:

cum aliquo in laude et in gratia esse,

id. Verr. 1, 17, 51; cf. Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 14, 2:

inter vos sic haec potius cum bona Ut componantur gratia quam cum mala,

Ter. Phorm. 4, 3, 17 Ruhnk.:

plerique (in divortio) cum bona gratia discedunt,

Dig. 24, 1, 32, § 10;

without bona: cum istuc quod postulo impetro cum gratia,

with a good grace, Ter. And. 2, 5, 11:

omnia quae potui in hac summa tua gratia ac potentia a te impetrare,

credit, influence, Cic. Fam. 13, 29, 5; cf.:

Iccius Remus, summa nobilitate et gratia inter suos,

Caes. B. G. 2, 6, 4; 1, 43, 8:

gratiā plurimum posse,

id. ib. 1, 9, 3; 1, 20, 2; cf.:

quantum gratia, auctoritate, pecunia valent,

id. ib. 7, 63, 1:

gratiā valere,

id. B. C. 2, 44, 1:

inproba quamvis Gratia fallaci praetoris vicerit urna,

Juv. 13, 4:

quem triumphum magis gratiae quam rerum gestarum magnitudini datum constabat,

Liv. 40, 59, 1.—In plur.:

L. Murenae provincia multas bonas gratias cum optima existimatione attulit,

tokens of favor, Cic. Mur. 20, 42:

cum haec res plurimas gratias, firmissimas amicitias pariat,

id. ib. 11, 24:

non hominum potentium studio, non excellentibus gratiis paucorum, sed universi populi Romani judicio consulem factum,

id. Agr. 2, 3, 7.—

Transf., objectively, like the Gr. charis, agreeableness, pleasantness, charm, beauty, loveliness, grace (only poet. and in post-Aug. prose;

esp. freq. in Quint.): gratia formae,

Ov. M. 7, 44; Suet. Tit. 3:

corporis,

id. Vit. 3; id. Vit. Ter. 1; Plin. 28, 19, 79, § 260:

quid ille gratiae in vultu ostenderit,

Quint. 6 prooem. § 7; cf. id. 6, 3, 26:

unica nec desit jocundis gratia verbis,

charm, Prop. 1, 2, 29; cf.: neque abest facundis gratia dictis, Ov. M. 13, 127:

plenus est jucunditatis et gratiae (Horatius),

Quint. 10, 1, 96:

sermonis Attici,

id. ib. 65;

12, 10, 35: dicendi,

id. 9, 3, 74:

brevitatis novitatisque,

id. ib. 58:

omnis bene scriptorum,

id. 11, 2, 46 et saep.; Cels. 4, 29 med.:

uvis et vinis gratiam affert fumus fabrilis,

Plin. 14, 1, 3, § 16; id. 17, 9, 6, § 53. —Hence,

As a nom. propr.: Grātiae, ārum, f., a transl. of the Gr. Charites, the goddesses of favor, loveliness, grace, etc., the three Graces, Aglaia, Euphrosyne, and Thalia, daughters of Jupiter and Eurynome, Sen. Ben. 1, 3, 3; Serv. Verg. A. 1, 720; Hor. C. 1, 4, 6; 1, 30, 6; 3, 19, 16; 3, 21, 22; Quint. 10, 1, 82.—In sing.: Grātia, ae, collect., Ov. M. 6, 429.

Favor which one shows to another, mark of favor, kindness, courtesy, service, obligation.

In gen. (rare): ita mihi Telamonis patris, avi Aeaci et proavi Jovis grata est gratia, Enn. ap. Non. 85, 23 (Trag. v. 367 Vahl.):

ergo ab eo petito gratiam istam,

Plaut. Capt. 3, 5, 63; cf.:

gratiam a patre si petimus, spero ab eo impetrassere,

id. Stich. 1, 2, 23:

petivit in beneficii loco et gratiae, ut, etc.,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 82, § 189; cf.:

quod beneficii gratiaeque causa concessit,

id. ib. 2, 3, 48 fin.:

hanc gratiam ut sibi des,

Ter. Hec. 3, 3, 30:

juris jurandi volo gratiam facias,

excuse, release, Plaut. Rud. 5, 3, 59; cf.:

alicui delicti gratiam facere,

to grant pardon, forgive, Sall. J. 104 fin. Kritz.:

qui mihi atque animo meo nullius umquam delicti gratiam fecissem,

id. Cat. 52, 8; cf.

also: quibus senatus belli Lepidani gratiam fecerat,

id. Fragm. 3, 34 Gerl.:

alii ipsi professi se pugnaturos in gratiam ducis,

to please, for the sake of, Liv. 28, 21, 4; cf.:

deletam urbem cernimus eorum, quorum in gratiam Saguntum deleverat Hannibal,

id. 28, 39, 12 Drak.:

in gratiam alicujus,

id. 35, 2, 6; 39, 26, 12; Vell. 2, 41, 2; Suet. Tib. 49 al.; cf.

also: data visceratio in praeteritam judicii gratiam,

for the favor shown him on the trial, Liv. 8, 22, 4:

nil ibi majorum respectus, gratia nulla umbrarum,

Juv. 8, 64.—

In partic., a mark of favor shown for a service rendered, thanks (by word or deed), thankfulness, gratitude; acknowledgment, return, requital (the form with agere of returning thanks is the plur., but with habere, referre, debere, nearly always in sing.; but when thanks are due to or rendered by more than one person, the form gratias referre, etc., may be used; v. infra., and cf. Krebs. Antibarb. p. 505):

quae (gratia) in memoria et remuneratione officiorum et honoris et amicitiarum observantiam teneat,

Cic. Inv. 2, 22, 66; cf.:

gratia est, in qua amicitiarum et officiorum alterius memoria et remunerandi voluntas continetur,

id. ib. 2, 53, 161:

immortales ago tibi gratias agamque dum vivam: nam relaturum me affirmare non possum,

id. Fam. 10, 11, 1; cf.:

renuntiate, gratias regi me agere: referre gratiam aliam nunc non posse, quam ut suadeam, ne, etc.,

Liv. 37, 37, 8 (v. ago):

dīs gratias agere... si referre studeant gratias,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 26 sq.:

L. Lucceius meus, homo omnium gratissimus, mirificas tibi apud me gratias egit, cum diceret, etc.,

Cic. Fam. 13, 42, 1:

eique amplissimis verbis per senatus consultum gratias egimus,

id. Phil. 1, 1, 3:

Lentulo nostro egi per litteras tuo nomine gratias diligenter,

id. Fam. 1, 10:

justissimas gratias agere,

id. Leg. 2, 3, 6:

quamquam gratiarum actionem a te non desiderabam, etc.,

id. Fam. 10, 19, 1:

nunc tecum sic agam, tulisse ut potius injuriam, quam retulisse gratiam videar,

to have made a return, requital, recompense, id. Sull. 16, 47 fin.:

magno meo beneficio affecti cumulatissime mihi gratiam retulerunt,

id. Fam. 13, 4, 1:

praeclaram vero populo Romano refers gratiam,

id. Cat. 1, 11, 28:

ut pro tantis eorum in rem publicam meritis honores eis habeantur gratiaeque referantur,

id. Phil. 3, 15, 39; cf. id. ib. 3, 10, 25:

me omnibus, si minus referenda gratia satisfacere potuerim, at praedicanda et habenda certe satis esse facturum,

if I cannot requite... I can extol, id. Balb. 1, 2; cf.: nimirum inops ille, si bonus est vir, etiam si referre gratiam non potest, habere certe potest. Commode autem quicumque dixit, pecuniam qui habeat, non reddidisse; qui reddiderit, non habere: gratiam autem et qui retulerit, habere et qui habeat retulisse, id. Off. 2, 20, 69; id. Planc. 28, 68; cf. id. ib. 42, 101; id. Fam. 5, 11, 1:

gratias habere,

Liv. 24, 37, 7:

alicui summas gratias habere,

Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 33:

alicui maximas infinitasque agere atque habere gratias, quod, etc.,

Vitr. 6 praef. 4:

merito vestro maximas vobis gratias omnes et agere et habere debemus,

Cic. Phil. 3, 10, 25:

meritam dīs immortalibus gratiam justis honoribus et memori mente persolvere,

id. Planc. 33, 80:

pro beneficio gratiam repetere,

Liv. 1, 47, 7:

gratias ob hoc agere, quod, etc.,

Liv. 54, 50, 4; so with ob, Plin. Ep. 9, 31, 21; Treb. Pol. Trig. Tyr. 10, 9:

pro tuo summo beneficio gratias agere,

Cic. Att. 16, 16, 16; Liv. 23, 11, 12; Plin, Pan. 25, 1; cf. Gell. 9, 3, 5:

dum carmine nostro Redditur agricolis gratia caelitibus,

Tib. 2, 1, 36; cf.:

hoc certe justitiae convenit suum cuique reddere, beneficio gratiam, injuriae talionem aut certe malam gratiam,

Sen. Ep. 81 med.;

rarely: in gratiam habere (=ita accipere, ut ad gratiam comparandam valere putet),

to accept as thankworthy, Sall. J. 111, 1:

unum vis curem: curo. Et est dīs gratia, Cum ita, ut volo, est,

I thank, Ter. Ad. 1, 2, 58; cf.: Er. Eamus intro, ut prandeamus. Me. Bene vocas: tam gratia est, no, I'm much obliged to you (the negative being omitted, as in the Fr. je vous remercie, and the Germ. ich danke sehr), Plaut. Men. 2, 3, 36.—Ellipt.: fores effregit? restituentur;

discidit Vestem? resarcietur: est, dīs gratia, Et unde haec fiant, et adhuc non molesta sunt,

thank Heaven, Ter. Ad. 1, 2, 41.—With acc. and inf. (anteclass. and post-Aug.):

dīs gratias agebat, tempus sibi dari, etc.,

Ter. Phorm. 4, 2, 6; Tac. H. 4, 64; cf. Ter. Phorm. 1, 2, 4; id. And. 1, 1, 15.—Hence, as adverbs:

grātĭā (acc. to II. A.), lit., in favor of, on account of, for the sake of; hence, in gen., on account of (usually placed after the gen., in Quint. a few times before it; cf.: causa, ergo).

With gen.:

sed neque longioribus quam oportet hyperbatis compositioni serviamus, ne quae ejus gratia fecerimus, propter eam fecisse videamur,

lest what we have done to embellish the style we should seem to have done merely on account of the construction we had chosen, Quint. 9, 4, 144:

tantum abest, ut haec bestiarum etiam causa parata sint, ut ipsas bestias hominum gratia generatas esse videamus,

Cic. N. D. 2, 63, 158: tu me amoris magis quam honoris servavisti gratia, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 4, 32, 69 (Trag. v. 316 Vahl.); cf.:

honoris gratia nomino,

Cic. Quint. 7, 28:

nuptiarum gratia haec sunt ficta atque incepta omnia,

Ter. And. 5, 1, 17:

simulabat sese negotii gratia properare,

Sall. J. 76, 1: hominem occisum esse constat;

non praedae gratia: quia inspoliatus est,

Quint. 7, 1, 33; cf.:

hereditatis gratia,

id. 5, 12, 5:

quem censores senatu probri gratia moverant,

Sall. C. 23, 1:

profectus gratia dicere,

Quint. 2, 10, 9:

brevitatis gratia,

id. 4, 2, 43:

decoris gratia,

id. 8, 6, 65:

difficultatis gratia,

id. 9, 2, 77:

aut invidiae gratia... aut miserationis,

id. 9, 2, 8:

praesentis gratia litis,

id. 2, 7, 4 al. —With gerund.: duxit me uxorem liberorum sibi quaesendum gratia, Enn. ap. Fest. p. 258 Müll. (Trag. v. 161 Vahl.):

ut aut voluptates omittantur majorum voluptatum adipiscendarum causa, aut dolores suscipiantur majorum dolorum effugiendorum gratia,

Cic. Fin. 1, 10, 36; cf. Caes. B. G. 7, 43, 2:

tentandi gratia,

Sall. J. 47, 2:

hiemandi gratia,

id. ib. 61, 3:

colloquendi gratia,

id. ib. 61, 4:

placandi gratia,

id. ib. 71, 5:

simulandi gratia,

id. ib. 37, 4:

sui exposcendi gratia,

Nep. Hann. 7, 6:

amplificandi gratia... vel miserandi,

Quint. 9, 3, 28:

elevandae invidiae gratia,

id. 5, 13, 40:

recuperandae dignitatis gratia,

id. 11, 1, 79:

vitandae similitudinis gratia,

id. 9, 1, 11 al. —Ellipt.: ejus generis hae sunt quaestiones. Si, exempli gratia, vir bonus Alexandria Rhodum magnum frumenti numerum advexerit, etc., for example, for instance (for the usual exempli causa; so,

verbi gratia, for verbi causa, infra),

Cic. Off. 3, 12, 50; so,

exempli gratia,

Plin. 2, 41, 41, § 110;

for which in full: pauca tamen exempli gratia ponam,

Quint. 6, 5, 6:

eorum unam discordiam ponemus exempli gratia,

Plin. 18, 25, 57, § 213:

propter aliam quampiam rem, verbi gratia propter voluptatem,

for instance, Cic. Fin. 5, 11, 30.—Placed before the [p. 826] gen.:

gratiā decoris,

Quint. 8 praef. §

18: compositionis,

id. 9, 4, 58:

lenitatis,

id. 9, 4, 144:

significationis,

id. 8, 6, 2.—

With pron. (mostly ante-class.):

meā gratiā,

Plaut. Bacch. 1, 1, 64; id. Ps. 5, 2, 3:

qui nihil ocius venit tamen hac gratia,

id. Stich. 5, 1, 5; cf.:

abire istac gratia,

id. Ps. 1, 5, 138: (Medea) per agros passim dispergit corpus: id eā gratiā, Ut, etc., Poët. ap. Cic. N. D. 3, 26, 67; so,

eā gratiā,

Ter. And. 3, 4, 8; id. Heaut. 4, 5, 20; id. Hec. 4, 3, 11:

sed huc qua gratia te arcessi jussi, ausculta,

id. Eun. 1, 2, 19; cf. id. ib. 1, 2, 79:

id ea gratia eveniebat, quod nemo ex fuga regem sequitur,

Sall. J. 54, 4:

id ea gratia facilius fuit, quod, etc.,

id. ib. 80, 4.—

grā-tĭīs (always as a trisyll. in ante-class. poets; Pompon. Com. Fragm. v. 110 Rib.; Plaut. As. prol. 5; id. Ep. 3, 4, 38; Ter. Ad. 4, 7, 26; cf. Charis. p. 1806; so in Cic. Verr. 2, 4 and 5 Halm), and contr., grātīs (since the class. per.; acc. to II. A.), lit., out of favor or kindness; hence, pregn., without recompense or reward, for nothing, gratuitously, gratis, proika (cf.:

gratuito, nequidquam, frustra): quae (psaltria) quantum potest Aliquo abicienda est, si non pretio, at gratiis,

Ter. Ad. 4, 7, 26; cf. Plaut. Poen. 4, 2, 46:

si mihi dantur duo talenta argenti numerata in manum, Hanc tibi noctem honoris causa gratiis dono dabo,

id. As. 1, 3, 38 sq.:

quam introduxistis fidicinam, atque etiam fides, Ei quae accessere, tibi addam dono gratiis,

into the bargain, to boot, id. Ep. 3, 4, 38:

quae Romae magna cum infamia pretio accepto edixeras, ea sola te, ne gratis in provincia male audires, ex edicto Siciliensi sustulisse video,

Cic. Verr. 1, 46, 118:

hic primum questus est non leviter Saturius, communem factum esse gratis cum Roscio, qui pretio proprius fuisset Fanni,

id. Rosc. Com. 10, 27:

gratis dare alicui (opp. pretium accipere ab aliquo),

Mart. 14, 175, 2:

id me scis antea gratis tibi esse pollicitum. Quid nunc putas, tanta mihi abs te mercede proposita?

Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 3, § 7:

gratis rei publicae servire,

id. Clu. 26, 71:

tantum gratis pagina nostra placet,

Mart. 5, 16, 10:

virtutes omnes per se ipsas gratis diligere,

Cic. Fin. 2, 26, 83.—Opp. for payment:

is repente, ut Romam venit, gratis praetor factus est. Alia porro pecunia ne accusaretur data,

Cic. Verr. 1, 39, 101; cf. id. ib. 2, 5, 19, §

48: habitent gratis in alieno?

id. Off. 2, 23, 83; so,

habitare in aedibus alienis,

Dig. 39, 5, 9:

habitationem cui dare,

free of cost, ib. 19, 2, 53, § 2; Mart. 10, 3, 11.

grātĭa, ae, f. [gratus; lit., favor, both that in which one stands with others and that which one shows to others].

(Acc. to gratus, I.) Favor which one finds with others, esteem, regard, liking, love, friendship (syn. favor):

pluris pauciorum gratiam faciunt pars hominum quam id quod prosint pluribus,

Plaut. Trin. 1, 1, 12:

perspicio nihili meam vos facere gratiam,

id. Curc. 1, 2, 68:

ut majores ejus (Plancii) summum in praefectura florentissima gradum tenuerint et dignitatis et gratiae,

Cic. Planc. 13, 32; cf.:

Sex. Roscius gratia atque hospitiis florens hominum nobilissimorum,

id. Rosc. Am. 6, 15:

deinde si maxime talis est deus, ut nulla gratia, nulla hominum caritate teneatur, etc.,

id. N. D. 1, 44, 124:

neque quo Cn. Pompeii gratiam mihi per hanc causam conciliari putem,

id. de Imp. Pomp. 24, 70; cf.:

aliquem restituere in gratiam,

id. Prov. Cons. 9, 23:

aliquem restituere in ejus veterem gratiam,

id. Att. 1, 3, 3:

in gratiam reducere,

id. Rab. Post. 8, 19; cf.

also: cum aliquo in gratiam redire,

to reconcile one's self with one, id. Att. 1, 14, 7; Nep. Alcib. 5, 1; id. Thras. 3 fin.; id. Dat. 8, 5 al.:

alicujus gratiam sequi,

Caes. B. C. 1, 1, 3; cf.:

si suam gratiam Romani velint, posse eis utiles esse amicos,

id. B. G. 4, 7, 4:

ab aliquo inire gratiam,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 46, § 113:

a bonis omnibus summam inire gratiam,

id. Att. 7, 9, 3:

magnam inire gratiam,

id. Fin. 4, 12, 31:

quantam eo facto ad plebem inierat gratiam,

Liv. 33, 46, 7:

apud regem gratiam initam volebant,

id. 36, 5, 3:

at te apud eum, dii boni, quanta in gratia posui!

Cic. Att. 6, 6, 4; cf. id. ib. 5, 11, 6; Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 6 fin.;

with a different construction: apud Lentulum ponam te in gratiam (Ern. conj. in gratia),

Cic. Att. 5, 3, 3:

cum aliquo in laude et in gratia esse,

id. Verr. 1, 17, 51; cf. Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 14, 2:

inter vos sic haec potius cum bona Ut componantur gratia quam cum mala,

Ter. Phorm. 4, 3, 17 Ruhnk.:

plerique (in divortio) cum bona gratia discedunt,

Dig. 24, 1, 32, § 10;

without bona: cum istuc quod postulo impetro cum gratia,

with a good grace, Ter. And. 2, 5, 11:

omnia quae potui in hac summa tua gratia ac potentia a te impetrare,

credit, influence, Cic. Fam. 13, 29, 5; cf.:

Iccius Remus, summa nobilitate et gratia inter suos,

Caes. B. G. 2, 6, 4; 1, 43, 8:

gratiā plurimum posse,

id. ib. 1, 9, 3; 1, 20, 2; cf.:

quantum gratia, auctoritate, pecunia valent,

id. ib. 7, 63, 1:

gratiā valere,

id. B. C. 2, 44, 1:

inproba quamvis Gratia fallaci praetoris vicerit urna,

Juv. 13, 4:

quem triumphum magis gratiae quam rerum gestarum magnitudini datum constabat,

Liv. 40, 59, 1.—In plur.:

L. Murenae provincia multas bonas gratias cum optima existimatione attulit,

tokens of favor, Cic. Mur. 20, 42:

cum haec res plurimas gratias, firmissimas amicitias pariat,

id. ib. 11, 24:

non hominum potentium studio, non excellentibus gratiis paucorum, sed universi populi Romani judicio consulem factum,

id. Agr. 2, 3, 7.—

Transf., objectively, like the Gr. charis, agreeableness, pleasantness, charm, beauty, loveliness, grace (only poet. and in post-Aug. prose;

esp. freq. in Quint.): gratia formae,

Ov. M. 7, 44; Suet. Tit. 3:

corporis,

id. Vit. 3; id. Vit. Ter. 1; Plin. 28, 19, 79, § 260:

quid ille gratiae in vultu ostenderit,

Quint. 6 prooem. § 7; cf. id. 6, 3, 26:

unica nec desit jocundis gratia verbis,

charm, Prop. 1, 2, 29; cf.: neque abest facundis gratia dictis, Ov. M. 13, 127:

plenus est jucunditatis et gratiae (Horatius),

Quint. 10, 1, 96:

sermonis Attici,

id. ib. 65;

12, 10, 35: dicendi,

id. 9, 3, 74:

brevitatis novitatisque,

id. ib. 58:

omnis bene scriptorum,

id. 11, 2, 46 et saep.; Cels. 4, 29 med.:

uvis et vinis gratiam affert fumus fabrilis,

Plin. 14, 1, 3, § 16; id. 17, 9, 6, § 53. —Hence,

As a nom. propr.: Grātiae, ārum, f., a transl. of the Gr. Charites, the goddesses of favor, loveliness, grace, etc., the three Graces, Aglaia, Euphrosyne, and Thalia, daughters of Jupiter and Eurynome, Sen. Ben. 1, 3, 3; Serv. Verg. A. 1, 720; Hor. C. 1, 4, 6; 1, 30, 6; 3, 19, 16; 3, 21, 22; Quint. 10, 1, 82.—In sing.: Grātia, ae, collect., Ov. M. 6, 429.

Favor which one shows to another, mark of favor, kindness, courtesy, service, obligation.

In gen. (rare): ita mihi Telamonis patris, avi Aeaci et proavi Jovis grata est gratia, Enn. ap. Non. 85, 23 (Trag. v. 367 Vahl.):

ergo ab eo petito gratiam istam,

Plaut. Capt. 3, 5, 63; cf.:

gratiam a patre si petimus, spero ab eo impetrassere,

id. Stich. 1, 2, 23:

petivit in beneficii loco et gratiae, ut, etc.,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 82, § 189; cf.:

quod beneficii gratiaeque causa concessit,

id. ib. 2, 3, 48 fin.:

hanc gratiam ut sibi des,

Ter. Hec. 3, 3, 30:

juris jurandi volo gratiam facias,

excuse, release, Plaut. Rud. 5, 3, 59; cf.:

alicui delicti gratiam facere,

to grant pardon, forgive, Sall. J. 104 fin. Kritz.:

qui mihi atque animo meo nullius umquam delicti gratiam fecissem,

id. Cat. 52, 8; cf.

also: quibus senatus belli Lepidani gratiam fecerat,

id. Fragm. 3, 34 Gerl.:

alii ipsi professi se pugnaturos in gratiam ducis,

to please, for the sake of, Liv. 28, 21, 4; cf.:

deletam urbem cernimus eorum, quorum in gratiam Saguntum deleverat Hannibal,

id. 28, 39, 12 Drak.:

in gratiam alicujus,

id. 35, 2, 6; 39, 26, 12; Vell. 2, 41, 2; Suet. Tib. 49 al.; cf.

also: data visceratio in praeteritam judicii gratiam,

for the favor shown him on the trial, Liv. 8, 22, 4:

nil ibi majorum respectus, gratia nulla umbrarum,

Juv. 8, 64.—

In partic., a mark of favor shown for a service rendered, thanks (by word or deed), thankfulness, gratitude; acknowledgment, return, requital (the form with agere of returning thanks is the plur., but with habere, referre, debere, nearly always in sing.; but when thanks are due to or rendered by more than one person, the form gratias referre, etc., may be used; v. infra., and cf. Krebs. Antibarb. p. 505):

quae (gratia) in memoria et remuneratione officiorum et honoris et amicitiarum observantiam teneat,

Cic. Inv. 2, 22, 66; cf.:

gratia est, in qua amicitiarum et officiorum alterius memoria et remunerandi voluntas continetur,

id. ib. 2, 53, 161:

immortales ago tibi gratias agamque dum vivam: nam relaturum me affirmare non possum,

id. Fam. 10, 11, 1; cf.:

renuntiate, gratias regi me agere: referre gratiam aliam nunc non posse, quam ut suadeam, ne, etc.,

Liv. 37, 37, 8 (v. ago):

dīs gratias agere... si referre studeant gratias,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 26 sq.:

L. Lucceius meus, homo omnium gratissimus, mirificas tibi apud me gratias egit, cum diceret, etc.,

Cic. Fam. 13, 42, 1:

eique amplissimis verbis per senatus consultum gratias egimus,

id. Phil. 1, 1, 3:

Lentulo nostro egi per litteras tuo nomine gratias diligenter,

id. Fam. 1, 10:

justissimas gratias agere,

id. Leg. 2, 3, 6:

quamquam gratiarum actionem a te non desiderabam, etc.,

id. Fam. 10, 19, 1:

nunc tecum sic agam, tulisse ut potius injuriam, quam retulisse gratiam videar,

to have made a return, requital, recompense, id. Sull. 16, 47 fin.:

magno meo beneficio affecti cumulatissime mihi gratiam retulerunt,

id. Fam. 13, 4, 1:

praeclaram vero populo Romano refers gratiam,

id. Cat. 1, 11, 28:

ut pro tantis eorum in rem publicam meritis honores eis habeantur gratiaeque referantur,

id. Phil. 3, 15, 39; cf. id. ib. 3, 10, 25:

me omnibus, si minus referenda gratia satisfacere potuerim, at praedicanda et habenda certe satis esse facturum,

if I cannot requite... I can extol, id. Balb. 1, 2; cf.: nimirum inops ille, si bonus est vir, etiam si referre gratiam non potest, habere certe potest. Commode autem quicumque dixit, pecuniam qui habeat, non reddidisse; qui reddiderit, non habere: gratiam autem et qui retulerit, habere et qui habeat retulisse, id. Off. 2, 20, 69; id. Planc. 28, 68; cf. id. ib. 42, 101; id. Fam. 5, 11, 1:

gratias habere,

Liv. 24, 37, 7:

alicui summas gratias habere,

Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 33:

alicui maximas infinitasque agere atque habere gratias, quod, etc.,

Vitr. 6 praef. 4:

merito vestro maximas vobis gratias omnes et agere et habere debemus,

Cic. Phil. 3, 10, 25:

meritam dīs immortalibus gratiam justis honoribus et memori mente persolvere,

id. Planc. 33, 80:

pro beneficio gratiam repetere,

Liv. 1, 47, 7:

gratias ob hoc agere, quod, etc.,

Liv. 54, 50, 4; so with ob, Plin. Ep. 9, 31, 21; Treb. Pol. Trig. Tyr. 10, 9:

pro tuo summo beneficio gratias agere,

Cic. Att. 16, 16, 16; Liv. 23, 11, 12; Plin, Pan. 25, 1; cf. Gell. 9, 3, 5:

dum carmine nostro Redditur agricolis gratia caelitibus,

Tib. 2, 1, 36; cf.:

hoc certe justitiae convenit suum cuique reddere, beneficio gratiam, injuriae talionem aut certe malam gratiam,

Sen. Ep. 81 med.;

rarely: in gratiam habere (=ita accipere, ut ad gratiam comparandam valere putet),

to accept as thankworthy, Sall. J. 111, 1:

unum vis curem: curo. Et est dīs gratia, Cum ita, ut volo, est,

I thank, Ter. Ad. 1, 2, 58; cf.: Er. Eamus intro, ut prandeamus. Me. Bene vocas: tam gratia est, no, I'm much obliged to you (the negative being omitted, as in the Fr. je vous remercie, and the Germ. ich danke sehr), Plaut. Men. 2, 3, 36.—Ellipt.: fores effregit? restituentur;

discidit Vestem? resarcietur: est, dīs gratia, Et unde haec fiant, et adhuc non molesta sunt,

thank Heaven, Ter. Ad. 1, 2, 41.—With acc. and inf. (anteclass. and post-Aug.):

dīs gratias agebat, tempus sibi dari, etc.,

Ter. Phorm. 4, 2, 6; Tac. H. 4, 64; cf. Ter. Phorm. 1, 2, 4; id. And. 1, 1, 15.—Hence, as adverbs:

grātĭā (acc. to II. A.), lit., in favor of, on account of, for the sake of; hence, in gen., on account of (usually placed after the gen., in Quint. a few times before it; cf.: causa, ergo).

With gen.:

sed neque longioribus quam oportet hyperbatis compositioni serviamus, ne quae ejus gratia fecerimus, propter eam fecisse videamur,

lest what we have done to embellish the style we should seem to have done merely on account of the construction we had chosen, Quint. 9, 4, 144:

tantum abest, ut haec bestiarum etiam causa parata sint, ut ipsas bestias hominum gratia generatas esse videamus,

Cic. N. D. 2, 63, 158: tu me amoris magis quam honoris servavisti gratia, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 4, 32, 69 (Trag. v. 316 Vahl.); cf.:

honoris gratia nomino,

Cic. Quint. 7, 28:

nuptiarum gratia haec sunt ficta atque incepta omnia,

Ter. And. 5, 1, 17:

simulabat sese negotii gratia properare,

Sall. J. 76, 1: hominem occisum esse constat;

non praedae gratia: quia inspoliatus est,

Quint. 7, 1, 33; cf.:

hereditatis gratia,

id. 5, 12, 5:

quem censores senatu probri gratia moverant,

Sall. C. 23, 1:

profectus gratia dicere,

Quint. 2, 10, 9:

brevitatis gratia,

id. 4, 2, 43:

decoris gratia,

id. 8, 6, 65:

difficultatis gratia,

id. 9, 2, 77:

aut invidiae gratia... aut miserationis,

id. 9, 2, 8:

praesentis gratia litis,

id. 2, 7, 4 al. —With gerund.: duxit me uxorem liberorum sibi quaesendum gratia, Enn. ap. Fest. p. 258 Müll. (Trag. v. 161 Vahl.):

ut aut voluptates omittantur majorum voluptatum adipiscendarum causa, aut dolores suscipiantur majorum dolorum effugiendorum gratia,

Cic. Fin. 1, 10, 36; cf. Caes. B. G. 7, 43, 2:

tentandi gratia,

Sall. J. 47, 2:

hiemandi gratia,

id. ib. 61, 3:

colloquendi gratia,

id. ib. 61, 4:

placandi gratia,

id. ib. 71, 5:

simulandi gratia,

id. ib. 37, 4:

sui exposcendi gratia,

Nep. Hann. 7, 6:

amplificandi gratia... vel miserandi,

Quint. 9, 3, 28:

elevandae invidiae gratia,

id. 5, 13, 40:

recuperandae dignitatis gratia,

id. 11, 1, 79:

vitandae similitudinis gratia,

id. 9, 1, 11 al. —Ellipt.: ejus generis hae sunt quaestiones. Si, exempli gratia, vir bonus Alexandria Rhodum magnum frumenti numerum advexerit, etc., for example, for instance (for the usual exempli causa; so,

verbi gratia, for verbi causa, infra),

Cic. Off. 3, 12, 50; so,

exempli gratia,

Plin. 2, 41, 41, § 110;

for which in full: pauca tamen exempli gratia ponam,

Quint. 6, 5, 6:

eorum unam discordiam ponemus exempli gratia,

Plin. 18, 25, 57, § 213:

propter aliam quampiam rem, verbi gratia propter voluptatem,

for instance, Cic. Fin. 5, 11, 30.—Placed before the [p. 826] gen.:

gratiā decoris,

Quint. 8 praef. §

18: compositionis,

id. 9, 4, 58:

lenitatis,

id. 9, 4, 144:

significationis,

id. 8, 6, 2.—

With pron. (mostly ante-class.):

meā gratiā,

Plaut. Bacch. 1, 1, 64; id. Ps. 5, 2, 3:

qui nihil ocius venit tamen hac gratia,

id. Stich. 5, 1, 5; cf.:

abire istac gratia,

id. Ps. 1, 5, 138: (Medea) per agros passim dispergit corpus: id eā gratiā, Ut, etc., Poët. ap. Cic. N. D. 3, 26, 67; so,

eā gratiā,

Ter. And. 3, 4, 8; id. Heaut. 4, 5, 20; id. Hec. 4, 3, 11:

sed huc qua gratia te arcessi jussi, ausculta,

id. Eun. 1, 2, 19; cf. id. ib. 1, 2, 79:

id ea gratia eveniebat, quod nemo ex fuga regem sequitur,

Sall. J. 54, 4:

id ea gratia facilius fuit, quod, etc.,

id. ib. 80, 4.—

grā-tĭīs (always as a trisyll. in ante-class. poets; Pompon. Com. Fragm. v. 110 Rib.; Plaut. As. prol. 5; id. Ep. 3, 4, 38; Ter. Ad. 4, 7, 26; cf. Charis. p. 1806; so in Cic. Verr. 2, 4 and 5 Halm), and contr., grātīs (since the class. per.; acc. to II. A.), lit., out of favor or kindness; hence, pregn., without recompense or reward, for nothing, gratuitously, gratis, proika (cf.:

gratuito, nequidquam, frustra): quae (psaltria) quantum potest Aliquo abicienda est, si non pretio, at gratiis,

Ter. Ad. 4, 7, 26; cf. Plaut. Poen. 4, 2, 46:

si mihi dantur duo talenta argenti numerata in manum, Hanc tibi noctem honoris causa gratiis dono dabo,

id. As. 1, 3, 38 sq.:

quam introduxistis fidicinam, atque etiam fides, Ei quae accessere, tibi addam dono gratiis,

into the bargain, to boot, id. Ep. 3, 4, 38:

quae Romae magna cum infamia pretio accepto edixeras, ea sola te, ne gratis in provincia male audires, ex edicto Siciliensi sustulisse video,

Cic. Verr. 1, 46, 118:

hic primum questus est non leviter Saturius, communem factum esse gratis cum Roscio, qui pretio proprius fuisset Fanni,

id. Rosc. Com. 10, 27:

gratis dare alicui (opp. pretium accipere ab aliquo),

Mart. 14, 175, 2:

id me scis antea gratis tibi esse pollicitum. Quid nunc putas, tanta mihi abs te mercede proposita?

Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 3, § 7:

gratis rei publicae servire,

id. Clu. 26, 71:

tantum gratis pagina nostra placet,

Mart. 5, 16, 10:

virtutes omnes per se ipsas gratis diligere,

Cic. Fin. 2, 26, 83.—Opp. for payment:

is repente, ut Romam venit, gratis praetor factus est. Alia porro pecunia ne accusaretur data,

Cic. Verr. 1, 39, 101; cf. id. ib. 2, 5, 19, §

48: habitent gratis in alieno?

id. Off. 2, 23, 83; so,

habitare in aedibus alienis,

Dig. 39, 5, 9:

habitationem cui dare,

free of cost, ib. 19, 2, 53, § 2; Mart. 10, 3, 11.

incumbo, cŭbŭi, cŭbĭtum, ĕre, v. n. [1. incubo], to lay one ' s self upon, to lean or recline upon a thing (cf. ingruo; class., partic. in the trop. sense).

Lit., constr. with in, ad, super, or dat.; also with the simple acc.:

olivae,

Verg. E. 8, 16:

in parietem,

Dig. 39, 2, 28:

densis ordinibus nunc alii in alios, nunc in scuta incumbentes sustinebant impetus Romanorum,

Liv. 35, 5, 7:

toro,

Verg. A. 4, 650:

materiae,

Curt. 8, 10, 25:

terrae,

Tac. A. 2, 17:

super praedam,

to lie upon, Petr. 80:

in eum,

Curt. 6, 9: ad vos, Ov. M. 9, 385:

cumulatis in aqua sarcinis insuper incumbebant,

Liv. 22, 2, 8:

validis incumbere remis,

Verg. A. 5, 15; 10, 294; Curt. 9, 9, 4.—Of the heavens:

cava in se convexitas vergit, et cardini suo, hoc est terrae, undique incumbit,

Plin. 2, 64, 64, § 160:

mare,

to cast itself into the sea, id. 5, 32, 40, § 141: fessi arma sua, Sall. Fragm. ap. Serv. ad Verg. A. 9, 229:

tecto incubuit bubo,

perched on, Ov. M. 6, 432:

gladium faciam culcitam, camque incumbam,

Plaut. Cas. 2, 4, 29.—

Transf., to lean or incline towards, to overhang; to rush towards:

silex prona jugo laevum incumbebat ad amnem,

Verg. A. 8, 236:

laurus incumbens arae,

id. ib. 2, 514: in gladium, to fall on one ' s sword, Cic. Inv. 2, 51, 154:

gladio,

Auct. Her. 1, 11, 18:

ferro,

Phaedr. 3, 10, 33:

in hostem,

to press upon the enemy, Liv. 30, 34, 2; cf.:

duo duces circumstare urbem... et unum in locum totam periculi molem, omne onus incubuisse,

id. 27, 40, 6.—

Trop.

To press upon, burden, oppress, weigh upon:

incubuere (venti) mari,

Verg. A. 1, 84:

tempestas a vertice silvis incubuit,

id. G. 2, 311:

gravis incumbens scopulis aestas,

id. ib. 2, 377:

febrium terris incubuit cohors,

Hor. C. 1, 3, 30:

(aestus) incubuit populo,

Lucr. 6, 142. — Absol.:

saevior armis Luxuria incubuit,

Just. 6, 292.—

To bend one ' s attention to, to apply or devote one ' s self to, to exert one ' s self, or take pains with, pay attention to; constr. with in, ad, or dat.:

rogandis legibus,

Flor. 3, 16:

ceris et stilo,

Plin. Ep. 7, 27, 9:

labori,

Sil. 4, 820:

toto pectore novae cogitationi,

Tac. Or. 3:

et animo et opibus in bellum,

Caes. B. G. 7, 76:

ut jam inclinato (judici) reliqua incumbat oratio,

press upon, exert influence on, Cic. de Or. 2, 79, 324; cf.:

invidia mihi incumbit,

Tac. A. 14, 54:

in aliquod studium,

Cic. de Or. 1, 8, 34:

in causam,

id. Phil. 4, 5, 12:

acrius graviusque ad ulciscendas rei publicae injurias,

id. ib. 6, 1, 2:

tota mente in aliquam curam et cogitationem,

id. Fam. 10, 3, 3:

toto pectore ad laudem,

id. ib. 10, 12, 2:

omni cogitatione curaque in rem publicam,

id. ib. 1, 2:

fato urguenti incumbere,

to press on, hasten, Verg. A. 2, 653.—With inf.:

sarcire ruinas,

Verg. G. 4, 249:

delatorem pervertere,

Tac. H. 2, 10.—With ut and subj.:

Appius Claudius... cum suis tum totius nobilitatis viribus incubuit, ut, etc.,

Liv. 10, 15, 8.— Absol.:

nunc, nunc incumbere tempus,

Ov. M. 10, 657.—

To incline, choose, be inclined to, lean towards:

hoc servi esse officium reor,... non quo incumbat eum (i. e. erum) inpellere,

Plaut. Aul. 4, 1, 8:

ut eos, qui audiunt, quocumque incubuerit, possit impellere,

whithersoever he may incline, choose, Cic. de Or. 3, 14, 55:

eodem incumbunt municipia,

are inclined the same way, id. Phil. 6, 7, 18:

ad voluntatem perferendae legis,

id. Att. 1, 19, 4:

voluntatum inclinatio ad virum bonum,

to lean towards, turn to, id. Mur. 26, 53: in causam, Cael. ad Cic. Fam. 8, 11, 3:

in cupiditatem,

Cic. Att. 5, 13, 3:

in illo,

id. Q. Fr. 3, 8, 6.—

To be incumbent upon one as a duty (post-class.):

accusandi necessitas domino,

Dig. 48, 2, 5:

ei probatio,

ib. 22, 3, 2:

judici omnium rerum officium,

ib. 21, 1, 25.

com-mitto ( con-m-), mīsi, missum, 3, v. a.

Of two or more objects, to bring, join, combine into one whole; to join or put together, to connect, unite.

In gen. (rare; not in Cic.), constr. inter se, cum aliquā re, alicui, with in and acc., and with acc. only.

Inter se:

res in ordinem digestae atque inter se commissae,

Quint. 7, prooem. §

1: per nondum commissa inter se munimenta urbem intravit,

Liv. 38, 4, 8; cf. thus with inter se:

oras vulneris suturis,

Cels. 7, 19:

duo verba,

Quint. 9, 4, 33:

easdem litteras,

id. ib.:

duo comparativa,

id. 9, 3, 19.—

With cum:

costae committuntur cum osse pectoris,

Cels. 8, 1.—

With dat.:

viam a Placentiā ut Flaminiae committeret,

Liv. 39, 2, 10:

quā naris fronti committitur,

is joined to, Ov. M. 12, 315:

quā vir equo commissus erat,

id. ib. 12, 478 (of a Centaur); cf.

of Scylla: delphinum caudas utero commissa luporum,

Verg. A. 3, 428:

commissa dextera dextrae,

Ov. H. 2, 31:

medulla spinae commissa cerebro,

Cels. 8, 1:

moles, quae urbem continenti committeret,

Curt. 4, 2, 16; Flor. 1, 4, 2 Duker.—

With in and acc.:

commissa in unum crura,

Ov. M. 4, 580:

committuntur suturae in unguem,

Cels. 8, 1.—

With acc. only: barbaricam pestem navibus obtulit, commissam infabre, Pac. ap. Non. p. 40, 31 (Trag. Rel. v. 271 Rib.):

commissis operibus,

Liv. 38, 7, 10:

fidibusque mei commissa mariti moenia,

Ov. M. 6, 178:

(terra) maria committeret,

Curt. 3, 1, 13; 7, 7, 14:

noctes duas,

Ov. Am. 1, 13, 46; cf.: nocte commissā. Sen. Herc. Oet. 1698:

commissa corpore toto,

Ov. M. 4, 369; Lucil. ap. Non. p. 248, 25: cervix committitur primo [p. 380] artu, Val. Fl. 4, 310:

domus plumbo commissa,

patched, Juv. 14, 310.—

In partic., to set or bring men or animals together in a contest or fight, as competitors, etc., to set together, set on (freq. in Suet.;

elsewhere rare): pugiles Latinos cum Graecis,

Suet. Aug. 45:

quingenis peditibus, elephantis vicenis, tricenis equitibus hinc et inde commissis,

id. Caes. 39; id. Claud. 34:

camelorum quadrigas,

id. Ner. 11; Luc. 1, 97:

victores committe,

Mart. 8, 43, 3; cf. id. Spect. 28, 1:

licet Aenean Rutulumque ferocem Committas,

i.e. you describe their contest in your poem, you bring them in contact with each other, Juv. 1, 162:

eunucho Bromium committere noli,

id. 6, 378:

inter se omnes,

Suet. Calig. 56:

aequales inter se,

id. Gram. 17.—

Trop., to bring together for comparison, to compare, put together, match:

committit vates et comparat, inde Maronem, Atque aliā parte in trutinā suspendit Homerum,

Juv. 6, 436; cf. Prop. 2, 3, 21; Mart. 7, 24, 1.—

Transf., of a battle, war: proelium, certamen, bellum, etc.

To arrange a battle or contest, to enter upon, engage in, begin, join, commence, Cic. Div. 1, 35, 77:

proelii committendi signum dare,

Caes. B. G. 2, 21:

cum proelium commissum audissent,

id. ib. 7, 62:

commisso ab equitibus proelio,

id. B. C. 1, 40:

in aciem exercitum eduxit proeliumque commisit,

Nep. Eum. 3 fin.; id. Hann. 11, 3; id. Milt. 6, 3; Just. 2, 12, 7; 15, 4, 22; 22, 6, 6:

postquam eo ventum est, ut a ferentariis proelium committi posset,

Sall. C. 60, 2:

commisso proelio, diutius nostrorum militum impetum hostes ferre non potuerunt,

Caes. B. G. 4, 35; id. B. C. 1, 13; 2, 6 Kraner ad loc.:

Caesar cohortatus suos proelium commisit,

id. ib. 1, 25:

utrum proelium committi ex usu esset, necne,

id. ib. 1, 50; 1, 52; 2, 19; Nep. Milt. 5, 3:

pridie quam Siciliensem pugnam classe committeret,

Suet. Aug. 96:

avidus committere pugnam,

Sil. 8, 619:

pugnas,

Stat. Th. 6, 143:

rixae committendae causā,

Liv. 5, 25, 2:

cum vates monere eum (regem) coepit, ne committeret, aut certe differret obsidionem,

Curt. 9, 4, 27.—Of a drinking contest for a wager:

a summo septenis cyathis committe hos ludos,

Plaut. Pers. 5, 1, 19:

nondum commisso spectaculo,

Liv. 2, 36, 1:

musicum agona,

Suet. Ner. 23:

aciem,

Flor. 4, 2, 46:

commissum (bellum) ac profligatum conficere,

Liv. 21, 40, 11; 8, 25, 5; 31, 28, 1 al.; cf.:

si quis trium temporum momenta consideret, primo commissum bellum, profligatum secundo, tertio vero confectum est,

Flor. 2, 15, 2:

committere Martem,

Sil. 13, 155:

quo die ludi committebantur,

Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 4, 6:

ludos dedicationis,

Suet. Claud. 21:

ludos,

Verg. A. 5, 113.—

In gen., to maintain a contest, etc., to fight a battle, to hold, celebrate games, etc. (rare):

illam pugnam navalem... mediocri certamine commissam arbitraris?

Cic. Mur. 15, 33:

levia inde proelia per quatriduum commissa,

Liv. 34, 37, 7:

commisso modico certamine,

id. 23, 44, 5.—

Absol. (post-Aug. and rare):

contra quem Sulla iterum commisit,

Eutr. 5, 6; 9, 24; Dig. 9, 1, 1:

priusquam committeretur,

before the contest began, Suet. Vesp. 5.—

In gen.: committere aliquid, to begin any course of action, to undertake, carry on, hold (rare):

tribuni sanguine commissa proscriptio,

Vell. 2, 64 fin.:

judicium inter sicarios committitur,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 5, 11. —In part. perf.:

egregie ad ultimum in audacter commisso perseveravit,

Liv. 44, 4, 11; cf. id. ib. § 8; 44, 6, 14.—

In partic., to practise or perpetrate wrong, do injustice; to commit a crime (very freq. and class.).

With acc.:

ut neque timeant, qui nihil commiserint, et poenam semper ante oculos versari putent, qui peccaverint,

Cic. Mil. 23, 61; cf. Quint. 7, 2, 30:

commississe cavet quod mox mutare laboret,

Hor. A. P. 168:

ego etiam quae tu sine Verre commisisti, Verri crimini daturus sum,

Cic. Div. in Caecil. 11, 35:

quantum flagitii,

id. Brut. 61, 219:

tantum facinus,

id. Rosc. Am. 23, 65:

virilis audaciae facinora,

Sall. C. 25, 1:

majus delictum,

Caes. B. G. 7, 4:

nil nefandum,

Ov. M. 9, 626:

nefarias res,

Cic. Phil. 6, 1, 2:

scelus,

id. Sull. 2, 6; Dig. 48, 9, 7:

adulterium,

Quint. 7, 2, 11; 7, 3, 1:

incestum cum filio,

id. 5, 10, 19:

parricidium,

id. 7, 2, 2:

caedem,

id. 7, 4, 43; 10, 1, 12; 5, 12, 3:

sacrilegium,

id. 7, 2, 18:

fraudem,

Hor. C. 1, 28, 31.— Aliquid adversus, in, erga:

committere multa et in deos et in homines impie nefarieque,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 2, § 6; cf.:

in te,

Verg. A. 1, 231:

aliquid adversus populum Romanum,

Liv. 42, 38, 3:

aliquid erga te,

Cic. Att. 3, 20, 3.—

Committere contra legem, in legem, lege, to offend, sin, commit an offence:

quasi committeret contra legem,

Cic. Brut. 12, 48:

in legem Juliam de adulteriis,

Dig. 48, 5, 39; 48, 10, 13:

adversus testamentum,

ib. 34, 3, 8, § 2:

ne lege censoriā committant,

Varr. R. R. 2, 1, 16:

lege de sicariis,

Quint. 7, 1, 9. —

Absol.:

hoc si in posterum edixisses, minus esset nefarium... nemo enim committeret,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 43, § 110.—

With ut, to be guilty or be in fault, so that, to give occasion or cause, that, to act so as that:

id me commissurum ut patiar fieri,

Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 78:

non committet hodie iterum ut vapulet,

Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 5:

ego nolo quemquam civem committere, ut morte multandus sit: tu, etiam si commiserit, conservandum putas,

Cic. Phil. 8, 5, 15:

committere ut accusator nominere,

id. Off. 2, 14, 50; so Liv. 25, 6, 17:

non committam, ut tibi ipse insanire videar,

Cic. Fam. 5, 5, 3; 3, 7, 3; id. Att. 1, 6, 1; 1, 20, 3; id. de Or. 2, 57, 233; id. Off. 3, 2, 6; Brut. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 20, 1, Quint. 1, 10, 30; 5, 13, 27; Cic. Leg. 1, 13, 37.—More rare in a like sense,

With cur or quare:

Caedicius negare se commissurum, cur sibi quisquam imperium finiret,

Liv. 5, 46, 6:

neque commissum a se, quare timeret,

Caes. B. G. 1, 14.—

With inf.:

non committunt scamna facere,

Col. 2, 4, 3:

infelix committit saepe repelli,

Ov. M. 9, 632.—

Poenam, multam, etc., jurid. t. t., to bring punishment upon one ' s self by an error or fault, to incur, make one ' s self liable to it:

poenam,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 12, § 30; cf. Quint. 7, 4, 20; and:

committere in poenam edicti,

Dig. 2, 2, 4:

ut illam multam non commiserit,

Cic. Clu. 37, 103; Dig. 35, 1, 6 pr.—

Committi, with a definite object, to be forfeited or confiscated, as a penalty:

hereditas Veneri Erycinae commissa,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 10, § 27; 2, 2, 14, § 36; so,

commissae hypothecae,

id. Fam. 13, 56, 2:

commissa tibi fiducia,

id. Fl. 21, 51:

merces,

Dig. 39, 4, 11, § 2:

mancipium,

ib. 39, 14, 6:

praedia in publicum,

ib. 3, 5, 12:

hanc devotionem capitis esse commissam,

incurred, Cic. Dom. 57, 145.—

Also (mostly in jurid. Lat.) of laws, judicial regulations, promises, etc., that become binding in consequence of the fulfilment of a condition as the commission of a crime, etc.:

in civitatem obligatam sponsione commissa iratis omnibus diis,

a promise the condition of which has been fulfilled, Liv. 9, 11, 10 Weissenb. ad loc.; cf.:

hanc ego devotionem capitis mei... convictam esse et commissam putabo,

Cic. Dom. 57, 145:

si alius committat edictum,

transgresses, incurs its penalty, makes himself liable to, Dig. 37, 4, 3, § 11; cf.:

commisso edicto ab alio filio, ib. lex 8, § 4: commisso per alium edicto, ib. lex 10, § 1 al.: statim atque commissa lex est,

ib. 18, 3, 4, § 2:

committetur stipulatio,

ib. 24, 3, 56.

To place a thing somewhere for preservation, protection, care, etc.; to give, intrust, commit to, to give up or resign to, to trust (syn.: commendo, trado, credo; very freq. and class.); constr. with aliquid ( aliquem) alicui, in aliquid, or absol.

Aliquid ( aliquem, se) alicui:

honor non solum datus sed etiam creditus ac commissus,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 14, § 35:

nec illi (Catoni) committendum illud negotium, sed inponendum putaverunt,

id. Sest. 28, 60:

qui capita vestra non dubitatis credere, cui calceandos nemo commisit pedes?

Phaedr. 1, 14, 16:

ego me tuae commendo et committo fidei,

Ter. Eun. 5, 2, 47 (cf. id. And. 1, 5, 61):

ne quid committam tibi,

Plaut. Most. 3, 3, 21; Ter. Hec. 2, 1, 15; id. And. 3, 5, 3; cf.:

his salutem nostram, his fortunas, his liberos rectissime committi arbitramur,

Cic. Off. 2, 9, 33; id. Att. 1, 13, 1; cf. id. ib. §

4: tibi rem magnam,

id. Fam. 13, 5, 1; id. Mil. 25, 68:

quia commissi sunt eis magistratus,

id. Planc. 25, 61:

summum imperium potestatemque omnium rerum alicui,

Nep. Lys. 1 fin.:

domino rem omnem,

Hor. S. 2, 7, 67:

caput tonsori,

id. A. P. 301:

ratem pelago,

id. C. 1, 3, 11:

sulcis semina (corresp. with spem credere terrae),

Verg. G. 1, 223; cf.:

committere semen sitienti solo,

Col. 2, 8, 4:

ulcus frigori,

Cels. 6, 18, n. 2:

aliquid litteris,

Cic. Att. 4, 1, 8; so,

verba tabellis,

Ov. M. 9, 587:

vivunt commissi calores Aeoliae fidibus puellae,

Hor. C. 4, 9, 11 al.:

committere se populo, senatui, publicis praesidiis et armis (corresp. with se tradere),

Cic. Mil. 23, 61; so,

se urbi,

id. Att. 15, 11, 1:

se theatro populoque Romano,

id. Sest. 54, 116:

se proelio,

Liv. 4, 59, 2:

se pugnae,

id. 5, 32, 4:

se publico,

to venture into the streets, Suet. Ner. 26:

se neque navigationi, neque viae,

Cic. Fam. 16, 8, 1; cf. id. Phil. 12, 10, 25; id. Imp. Pomp. 11, 31:

se timidius fortunae,

id. Att. 9, 6, 4:

civilibus fluctibus,

Nep. Att. 6, 1 al. —Prov.: ovem lupo (Gr. kataleipein oïn en lukoisi), Ter. Eun. 5, 1, 16.—

Aliquid ( aliquem, se) in aliquid (so esp. freq. in Liv.):

aliquid in alicujus fidem committere,

Ter. Hec. 1, 2, 34; cf. Liv. 30, 14, 4:

se in id conclave,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 23, 64:

se in conspectum populi Romani,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 11, § 26; cf. Pompei. ap. Cic. Att. 8, 12, C, 2:

se in senatum,

Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 2, 2; id. Ac. 2, 21, 68:

summae fuisse dementiae dubiā spe impulsum certum in periculum se committere,

id. Inv. 2, 8, 27:

rem in casum ancipitis eventus,

Liv. 4, 27, 6; cf.:

duos filios in aleam ejus casus,

id. 40, 21, 6:

rem in aciem,

id. 3, 2, 12; cf.:

se in aciem,

id. 7, 26, 11; 23, 11, 10;

rempublicam in discrimen,

id. 8, 32, 4; cf.:

rerum summam in discrimen,

id. 33, 7, 10. —

Simply alicui, or entirely absol.:

sanan' es, Quae isti committas?

in trusting to him, Plaut. Curc. 5, 2, 55:

ei commisi et credidi, Ter, Heaut. 5, 2, 13: haec cum scirem et cogitarem, commisi tamen, judices, Heio,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 7, § 16:

universo populo neque ipse committit neque illi horum consiliorum auctores committi recte putant posse,

id. Agr. 2, 8, 20:

venti, quibus necessario committendum existimabat,

Caes. B. C. 3, 25:

sed quoniam non es veritus concredere nobis, accipe commissae munera laetitiae,

intrusted, Prop. 1, 10, 12:

instant enim (adversarii) et saepe discrimen omne committunt, quod deesse nobis putant,

often hazard the most important advantage, Quint. 6, 4, 17:

cum senatus ei commiserit, ut videret, ne quid res publica detrimenti caperet,

Cic. Mil. 26, 70.—With de:

iste negat se de existimatione suā cuiquam nisi suis commissurum,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 60, § 137. —Hence, P. a. as subst.: commissum, i, n.

(Acc. to I. 3.) An undertaking, enterprise:

nec aliud restabat quam audacter commissum corrigere,

Liv. 44, 4, 8:

supererat nihil aliud in temere commisso, quam, etc.,

id. 44, 6, 14.—

(Acc. to I. 4.) A transgression, offence, fault, crime:

sacrum,

Cic. Leg. 2, 9, 22:

nisi aut quid commissi aut est causa jurgi,

Plaut. Men. 5, 2, 21:

ecquod hujus factum aut commissum non dicam audacius, sed quod, etc.,

Cic. Sull. 26, 72; cf.

turpe,

Hor. C. 3, 27, 39:

commissi praemia,

Ov. F. 4, 590.—In plur.:

post mihi non simili poenā commissa luetis,

offences, Verg. A. 1, 136; so,

fateri,

Stat. S. 5, 5, 5:

improba,

Claud. Rapt. Pros. 2, 304.—

Jurid. Lat., an incurring of fines, a confiscation or confiscated property, Suet. Calig. 41:

in commissum cadere,

Dig. 39, 4, 16:

causa commissi,

ib. 39, 4, 16 al.; 19, 2, 61 fin.:

aliquid pro commisso tenetur,

Quint. Decl. 341.—

(Acc. to II.) That which is intrusted, a secret, trust:

enuntiare commissa,

Cic. Tusc. 2, 13, 31:

commissa celare,

Nep. Epam. 3, 2; cf. Juv. 9, 93:

commissa tacere,

Hor. S. 1, 4, 84:

prodere,

id. ib. 1, 3, 95:

retinent commissa fideliter aures,

id. Ep. 1, 18, 70:

commissum teges (corresp. with arcanum scrutaberis),

id. ib. 1, 18, 38; cf. id. A. P. 200.

com-mitto ( con-m-), mīsi, missum, 3, v. a.

Of two or more objects, to bring, join, combine into one whole; to join or put together, to connect, unite.

In gen. (rare; not in Cic.), constr. inter se, cum aliquā re, alicui, with in and acc., and with acc. only.

Inter se:

res in ordinem digestae atque inter se commissae,

Quint. 7, prooem. §

1: per nondum commissa inter se munimenta urbem intravit,

Liv. 38, 4, 8; cf. thus with inter se:

oras vulneris suturis,

Cels. 7, 19:

duo verba,

Quint. 9, 4, 33:

easdem litteras,

id. ib.:

duo comparativa,

id. 9, 3, 19.—

With cum:

costae committuntur cum osse pectoris,

Cels. 8, 1.—

With dat.:

viam a Placentiā ut Flaminiae committeret,

Liv. 39, 2, 10:

quā naris fronti committitur,

is joined to, Ov. M. 12, 315:

quā vir equo commissus erat,

id. ib. 12, 478 (of a Centaur); cf.

of Scylla: delphinum caudas utero commissa luporum,

Verg. A. 3, 428:

commissa dextera dextrae,

Ov. H. 2, 31:

medulla spinae commissa cerebro,

Cels. 8, 1:

moles, quae urbem continenti committeret,

Curt. 4, 2, 16; Flor. 1, 4, 2 Duker.—

With in and acc.:

commissa in unum crura,

Ov. M. 4, 580:

committuntur suturae in unguem,

Cels. 8, 1.—

With acc. only: barbaricam pestem navibus obtulit, commissam infabre, Pac. ap. Non. p. 40, 31 (Trag. Rel. v. 271 Rib.):

commissis operibus,

Liv. 38, 7, 10:

fidibusque mei commissa mariti moenia,

Ov. M. 6, 178:

(terra) maria committeret,

Curt. 3, 1, 13; 7, 7, 14:

noctes duas,

Ov. Am. 1, 13, 46; cf.: nocte commissā. Sen. Herc. Oet. 1698:

commissa corpore toto,

Ov. M. 4, 369; Lucil. ap. Non. p. 248, 25: cervix committitur primo [p. 380] artu, Val. Fl. 4, 310:

domus plumbo commissa,

patched, Juv. 14, 310.—

In partic., to set or bring men or animals together in a contest or fight, as competitors, etc., to set together, set on (freq. in Suet.;

elsewhere rare): pugiles Latinos cum Graecis,

Suet. Aug. 45:

quingenis peditibus, elephantis vicenis, tricenis equitibus hinc et inde commissis,

id. Caes. 39; id. Claud. 34:

camelorum quadrigas,

id. Ner. 11; Luc. 1, 97:

victores committe,

Mart. 8, 43, 3; cf. id. Spect. 28, 1:

licet Aenean Rutulumque ferocem Committas,

i.e. you describe their contest in your poem, you bring them in contact with each other, Juv. 1, 162:

eunucho Bromium committere noli,

id. 6, 378:

inter se omnes,

Suet. Calig. 56:

aequales inter se,

id. Gram. 17.—

Trop., to bring together for comparison, to compare, put together, match:

committit vates et comparat, inde Maronem, Atque aliā parte in trutinā suspendit Homerum,

Juv. 6, 436; cf. Prop. 2, 3, 21; Mart. 7, 24, 1.—

Transf., of a battle, war: proelium, certamen, bellum, etc.

To arrange a battle or contest, to enter upon, engage in, begin, join, commence, Cic. Div. 1, 35, 77:

proelii committendi signum dare,

Caes. B. G. 2, 21:

cum proelium commissum audissent,

id. ib. 7, 62:

commisso ab equitibus proelio,

id. B. C. 1, 40:

in aciem exercitum eduxit proeliumque commisit,

Nep. Eum. 3 fin.; id. Hann. 11, 3; id. Milt. 6, 3; Just. 2, 12, 7; 15, 4, 22; 22, 6, 6:

postquam eo ventum est, ut a ferentariis proelium committi posset,

Sall. C. 60, 2:

commisso proelio, diutius nostrorum militum impetum hostes ferre non potuerunt,

Caes. B. G. 4, 35; id. B. C. 1, 13; 2, 6 Kraner ad loc.:

Caesar cohortatus suos proelium commisit,

id. ib. 1, 25:

utrum proelium committi ex usu esset, necne,

id. ib. 1, 50; 1, 52; 2, 19; Nep. Milt. 5, 3:

pridie quam Siciliensem pugnam classe committeret,

Suet. Aug. 96:

avidus committere pugnam,

Sil. 8, 619:

pugnas,

Stat. Th. 6, 143:

rixae committendae causā,

Liv. 5, 25, 2:

cum vates monere eum (regem) coepit, ne committeret, aut certe differret obsidionem,

Curt. 9, 4, 27.—Of a drinking contest for a wager:

a summo septenis cyathis committe hos ludos,

Plaut. Pers. 5, 1, 19:

nondum commisso spectaculo,

Liv. 2, 36, 1:

musicum agona,

Suet. Ner. 23:

aciem,

Flor. 4, 2, 46:

commissum (bellum) ac profligatum conficere,

Liv. 21, 40, 11; 8, 25, 5; 31, 28, 1 al.; cf.:

si quis trium temporum momenta consideret, primo commissum bellum, profligatum secundo, tertio vero confectum est,

Flor. 2, 15, 2:

committere Martem,

Sil. 13, 155:

quo die ludi committebantur,

Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 4, 6:

ludos dedicationis,

Suet. Claud. 21:

ludos,

Verg. A. 5, 113.—

In gen., to maintain a contest, etc., to fight a battle, to hold, celebrate games, etc. (rare):

illam pugnam navalem... mediocri certamine commissam arbitraris?

Cic. Mur. 15, 33:

levia inde proelia per quatriduum commissa,

Liv. 34, 37, 7:

commisso modico certamine,

id. 23, 44, 5.—

Absol. (post-Aug. and rare):

contra quem Sulla iterum commisit,

Eutr. 5, 6; 9, 24; Dig. 9, 1, 1:

priusquam committeretur,

before the contest began, Suet. Vesp. 5.—

In gen.: committere aliquid, to begin any course of action, to undertake, carry on, hold (rare):

tribuni sanguine commissa proscriptio,

Vell. 2, 64 fin.:

judicium inter sicarios committitur,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 5, 11. —In part. perf.:

egregie ad ultimum in audacter commisso perseveravit,

Liv. 44, 4, 11; cf. id. ib. § 8; 44, 6, 14.—

In partic., to practise or perpetrate wrong, do injustice; to commit a crime (very freq. and class.).

With acc.:

ut neque timeant, qui nihil commiserint, et poenam semper ante oculos versari putent, qui peccaverint,

Cic. Mil. 23, 61; cf. Quint. 7, 2, 30:

commississe cavet quod mox mutare laboret,

Hor. A. P. 168:

ego etiam quae tu sine Verre commisisti, Verri crimini daturus sum,

Cic. Div. in Caecil. 11, 35:

quantum flagitii,

id. Brut. 61, 219:

tantum facinus,

id. Rosc. Am. 23, 65:

virilis audaciae facinora,

Sall. C. 25, 1:

majus delictum,

Caes. B. G. 7, 4:

nil nefandum,

Ov. M. 9, 626:

nefarias res,

Cic. Phil. 6, 1, 2:

scelus,

id. Sull. 2, 6; Dig. 48, 9, 7:

adulterium,

Quint. 7, 2, 11; 7, 3, 1:

incestum cum filio,

id. 5, 10, 19:

parricidium,

id. 7, 2, 2:

caedem,

id. 7, 4, 43; 10, 1, 12; 5, 12, 3:

sacrilegium,

id. 7, 2, 18:

fraudem,

Hor. C. 1, 28, 31.— Aliquid adversus, in, erga:

committere multa et in deos et in homines impie nefarieque,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 2, § 6; cf.:

in te,

Verg. A. 1, 231:

aliquid adversus populum Romanum,

Liv. 42, 38, 3:

aliquid erga te,

Cic. Att. 3, 20, 3.—

Committere contra legem, in legem, lege, to offend, sin, commit an offence:

quasi committeret contra legem,

Cic. Brut. 12, 48:

in legem Juliam de adulteriis,

Dig. 48, 5, 39; 48, 10, 13:

adversus testamentum,

ib. 34, 3, 8, § 2:

ne lege censoriā committant,

Varr. R. R. 2, 1, 16:

lege de sicariis,

Quint. 7, 1, 9. —

Absol.:

hoc si in posterum edixisses, minus esset nefarium... nemo enim committeret,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 43, § 110.—

With ut, to be guilty or be in fault, so that, to give occasion or cause, that, to act so as that:

id me commissurum ut patiar fieri,

Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 78:

non committet hodie iterum ut vapulet,

Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 5:

ego nolo quemquam civem committere, ut morte multandus sit: tu, etiam si commiserit, conservandum putas,

Cic. Phil. 8, 5, 15:

committere ut accusator nominere,

id. Off. 2, 14, 50; so Liv. 25, 6, 17:

non committam, ut tibi ipse insanire videar,

Cic. Fam. 5, 5, 3; 3, 7, 3; id. Att. 1, 6, 1; 1, 20, 3; id. de Or. 2, 57, 233; id. Off. 3, 2, 6; Brut. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 20, 1, Quint. 1, 10, 30; 5, 13, 27; Cic. Leg. 1, 13, 37.—More rare in a like sense,

With cur or quare:

Caedicius negare se commissurum, cur sibi quisquam imperium finiret,

Liv. 5, 46, 6:

neque commissum a se, quare timeret,

Caes. B. G. 1, 14.—

With inf.:

non committunt scamna facere,

Col. 2, 4, 3:

infelix committit saepe repelli,

Ov. M. 9, 632.—

Poenam, multam, etc., jurid. t. t., to bring punishment upon one ' s self by an error or fault, to incur, make one ' s self liable to it:

poenam,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 12, § 30; cf. Quint. 7, 4, 20; and:

committere in poenam edicti,

Dig. 2, 2, 4:

ut illam multam non commiserit,

Cic. Clu. 37, 103; Dig. 35, 1, 6 pr.—

Committi, with a definite object, to be forfeited or confiscated, as a penalty:

hereditas Veneri Erycinae commissa,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 10, § 27; 2, 2, 14, § 36; so,

commissae hypothecae,

id. Fam. 13, 56, 2:

commissa tibi fiducia,

id. Fl. 21, 51:

merces,

Dig. 39, 4, 11, § 2:

mancipium,

ib. 39, 14, 6:

praedia in publicum,

ib. 3, 5, 12:

hanc devotionem capitis esse commissam,

incurred, Cic. Dom. 57, 145.—

Also (mostly in jurid. Lat.) of laws, judicial regulations, promises, etc., that become binding in consequence of the fulfilment of a condition as the commission of a crime, etc.:

in civitatem obligatam sponsione commissa iratis omnibus diis,

a promise the condition of which has been fulfilled, Liv. 9, 11, 10 Weissenb. ad loc.; cf.:

hanc ego devotionem capitis mei... convictam esse et commissam putabo,

Cic. Dom. 57, 145:

si alius committat edictum,

transgresses, incurs its penalty, makes himself liable to, Dig. 37, 4, 3, § 11; cf.:

commisso edicto ab alio filio, ib. lex 8, § 4: commisso per alium edicto, ib. lex 10, § 1 al.: statim atque commissa lex est,

ib. 18, 3, 4, § 2:

committetur stipulatio,

ib. 24, 3, 56.

To place a thing somewhere for preservation, protection, care, etc.; to give, intrust, commit to, to give up or resign to, to trust (syn.: commendo, trado, credo; very freq. and class.); constr. with aliquid ( aliquem) alicui, in aliquid, or absol.

Aliquid ( aliquem, se) alicui:

honor non solum datus sed etiam creditus ac commissus,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 14, § 35:

nec illi (Catoni) committendum illud negotium, sed inponendum putaverunt,

id. Sest. 28, 60:

qui capita vestra non dubitatis credere, cui calceandos nemo commisit pedes?

Phaedr. 1, 14, 16:

ego me tuae commendo et committo fidei,

Ter. Eun. 5, 2, 47 (cf. id. And. 1, 5, 61):

ne quid committam tibi,

Plaut. Most. 3, 3, 21; Ter. Hec. 2, 1, 15; id. And. 3, 5, 3; cf.:

his salutem nostram, his fortunas, his liberos rectissime committi arbitramur,

Cic. Off. 2, 9, 33; id. Att. 1, 13, 1; cf. id. ib. §

4: tibi rem magnam,

id. Fam. 13, 5, 1; id. Mil. 25, 68:

quia commissi sunt eis magistratus,

id. Planc. 25, 61:

summum imperium potestatemque omnium rerum alicui,

Nep. Lys. 1 fin.:

domino rem omnem,

Hor. S. 2, 7, 67:

caput tonsori,

id. A. P. 301:

ratem pelago,

id. C. 1, 3, 11:

sulcis semina (corresp. with spem credere terrae),

Verg. G. 1, 223; cf.:

committere semen sitienti solo,

Col. 2, 8, 4:

ulcus frigori,

Cels. 6, 18, n. 2:

aliquid litteris,

Cic. Att. 4, 1, 8; so,

verba tabellis,

Ov. M. 9, 587:

vivunt commissi calores Aeoliae fidibus puellae,

Hor. C. 4, 9, 11 al.:

committere se populo, senatui, publicis praesidiis et armis (corresp. with se tradere),

Cic. Mil. 23, 61; so,

se urbi,

id. Att. 15, 11, 1:

se theatro populoque Romano,

id. Sest. 54, 116:

se proelio,

Liv. 4, 59, 2:

se pugnae,

id. 5, 32, 4:

se publico,

to venture into the streets, Suet. Ner. 26:

se neque navigationi, neque viae,

Cic. Fam. 16, 8, 1; cf. id. Phil. 12, 10, 25; id. Imp. Pomp. 11, 31:

se timidius fortunae,

id. Att. 9, 6, 4:

civilibus fluctibus,

Nep. Att. 6, 1 al. —Prov.: ovem lupo (Gr. kataleipein oïn en lukoisi), Ter. Eun. 5, 1, 16.—

Aliquid ( aliquem, se) in aliquid (so esp. freq. in Liv.):

aliquid in alicujus fidem committere,

Ter. Hec. 1, 2, 34; cf. Liv. 30, 14, 4:

se in id conclave,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 23, 64:

se in conspectum populi Romani,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 11, § 26; cf. Pompei. ap. Cic. Att. 8, 12, C, 2:

se in senatum,

Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 2, 2; id. Ac. 2, 21, 68:

summae fuisse dementiae dubiā spe impulsum certum in periculum se committere,

id. Inv. 2, 8, 27:

rem in casum ancipitis eventus,

Liv. 4, 27, 6; cf.:

duos filios in aleam ejus casus,

id. 40, 21, 6:

rem in aciem,

id. 3, 2, 12; cf.:

se in aciem,

id. 7, 26, 11; 23, 11, 10;

rempublicam in discrimen,

id. 8, 32, 4; cf.:

rerum summam in discrimen,

id. 33, 7, 10. —

Simply alicui, or entirely absol.:

sanan' es, Quae isti committas?

in trusting to him, Plaut. Curc. 5, 2, 55:

ei commisi et credidi, Ter, Heaut. 5, 2, 13: haec cum scirem et cogitarem, commisi tamen, judices, Heio,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 7, § 16:

universo populo neque ipse committit neque illi horum consiliorum auctores committi recte putant posse,

id. Agr. 2, 8, 20:

venti, quibus necessario committendum existimabat,

Caes. B. C. 3, 25:

sed quoniam non es veritus concredere nobis, accipe commissae munera laetitiae,

intrusted, Prop. 1, 10, 12:

instant enim (adversarii) et saepe discrimen omne committunt, quod deesse nobis putant,

often hazard the most important advantage, Quint. 6, 4, 17:

cum senatus ei commiserit, ut videret, ne quid res publica detrimenti caperet,

Cic. Mil. 26, 70.—With de:

iste negat se de existimatione suā cuiquam nisi suis commissurum,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 60, § 137. —Hence, P. a. as subst.: commissum, i, n.

(Acc. to I. 3.) An undertaking, enterprise:

nec aliud restabat quam audacter commissum corrigere,

Liv. 44, 4, 8:

supererat nihil aliud in temere commisso, quam, etc.,

id. 44, 6, 14.—

(Acc. to I. 4.) A transgression, offence, fault, crime:

sacrum,

Cic. Leg. 2, 9, 22:

nisi aut quid commissi aut est causa jurgi,

Plaut. Men. 5, 2, 21:

ecquod hujus factum aut commissum non dicam audacius, sed quod, etc.,

Cic. Sull. 26, 72; cf.

turpe,

Hor. C. 3, 27, 39:

commissi praemia,

Ov. F. 4, 590.—In plur.:

post mihi non simili poenā commissa luetis,

offences, Verg. A. 1, 136; so,

fateri,

Stat. S. 5, 5, 5:

improba,

Claud. Rapt. Pros. 2, 304.—

Jurid. Lat., an incurring of fines, a confiscation or confiscated property, Suet. Calig. 41:

in commissum cadere,

Dig. 39, 4, 16:

causa commissi,

ib. 39, 4, 16 al.; 19, 2, 61 fin.:

aliquid pro commisso tenetur,

Quint. Decl. 341.—

(Acc. to II.) That which is intrusted, a secret, trust:

enuntiare commissa,

Cic. Tusc. 2, 13, 31:

commissa celare,

Nep. Epam. 3, 2; cf. Juv. 9, 93:

commissa tacere,

Hor. S. 1, 4, 84:

prodere,

id. ib. 1, 3, 95:

retinent commissa fideliter aures,

id. Ep. 1, 18, 70:

commissum teges (corresp. with arcanum scrutaberis),

id. ib. 1, 18, 38; cf. id. A. P. 200.

păro, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. [cf. Sanscr. par, piparmi, to lead, to further; Gr. poros; Lat. porta, peritus; also -per in pauper], to make or get ready, to prepare, furnish, provide; to order, contrive, design, etc. (freq. and class.; syn.: apparo, comparo, acquiro); with personal, non-personal, and abstract objects; constr. usually with acc. or inf., rarely with ut, ne, or absol.

Lit.

In gen.

With acc.:

omne paratum est, Ut jussisti... prandium,

Plaut. Men. 2, 3, 14; cf. Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 27, § 62:

turres, falces, testudinesque,

Caes. B. G. 5, 42 fin.:

incendia,

Sall. C. 27, [p. 1305] 2:

ad integrum bellum cuncta parat,

id. J. 73, 1; Ter. And. 4, 4, 2:

quod parato opus est, para,

id. ib. 3, 2, 43:

quam hic fugam aut furtum parat?

id. Phorm. 1, 4, 14; so with acc. of the act purposed:

fugam,

i. e. to prepare one's self for flight, Verg. A. 1, 360; Cic. Att. 7, 26, 1:

filio luctum,

Ter. Hec. 2, 1, 13:

cupiditates in animo,

id. Phorm. 5, 4, 2:

bellum,

Caes. B. G. 3, 9:

insidias alicui,

Sall. C. 43, 2:

defensionem,

id. ib. 35, 2:

leges,

to introduce, id. ib. 51, 40:

verba a vetustate repetita gratiam novitati similem parant,

furnish, Quint. 1, 6, 39.—More rarely with reflex. pron. and final clause, or ad and acc., or (mostly post-Aug.) with dat.:

hisce ego non paro me, ut rideant,

Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 18; cf.:

quin ita paret se, ut, etc.,

id. Hec. 1, 1, 11:

se ad discendum,

Cic. Or. 35, 122:

ad iter parare,

Liv. 42, 53, 2; cf.:

huc te pares, haec cogites,

Cic. Fam. 1, 7, 9:

alterutri se fortunae parans,

Vell. 2, 43, 2:

se ad similem casum,

Caes. B. G. 7, 41; Prop. 2, 24, 48 (3, 19, 32):

multitudo, quam ad capiunda arma paraverat,

Sall. C. 27, 4:

parantibus utrisque se ad proelium,

Liv. 9, 14, 1; 21, 31, 1:

ad proelium vos parate,

Curt. 4, 13, 10: foro se parant, Sen. Contr. praef. § 4.— Pass.:

si ita naturā paratum esset, ut, etc.,

so ordered, ordained, Cic. Div. 2, 59, 122:

ut simul in omnia paremur,

may habituate ourselves, Quint. 11, 3, 25.—

With inf., to prepare, intend, resolve, purpose, delermine, be on the point of, be about to do any thing: signa sonitum dare voce parabant, Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 46 Müll. (Ann. v. 447 Vahl.):

maledictis deterrere (poëtam), ne scribat, parat,

Ter. Phorm. prol. 3:

munitiones institutas parat perficere,

Caes. B. C. 1, 83:

omni Numidiae imperare parat,

Sall. J. 13, 2:

proficisci parabat,

id. C. 46, 3 Kritz:

in nemus ire parant,

Verg. A. 4, 118:

multa parantem Dicere,

id. ib. 4, 390.—

With ut or ne (very rare):

aequom fuit deos paravisse, uno exemplo ne omnes vitam viverent,

have so ordered it, Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 130; cf. Cic. Div. 2, 59, 122 supra:

age jam, uxorem ut arcessat, paret,

Ter. Heaut. 5, 1, 75:

animo virili praesentique ut sis, para,

id. Phorm. 5, 7, 64.—

With rel.-clause:

quom accepisti, haud multo post aliquid quod poscas paras,

Plaut. As. 1, 3, 16:

priusquam unum dederis, centum quae poscat parat,

id. Truc. 1, 1, 31.— Absol., to make preparations, to prepare one's self (very rare):

at Romani domi militiaeque intenti festinare, parare, alius alium hortari, etc.,

Sall. C. 6, 5:

contra haec oppidani festinare, parare,

id. J. 76, 4; 60, 1:

jussis (militibus) ad iter parare,

Liv. 42, 53.—

In partic., of fate, to prepare, destine any thing ( poet.): cui fata parent, quem poscat Apollo, for whom the Fates prepare (death), Verg. A. 2, 121:

quid fata parent,

Luc. 1, 631; 6, 783:

motus fata parabant,

id. 2, 68; cf.:

sed quibus paratum est a Patre meo,

Vulg. Matt. 20, 23. —

Transf., to procure, acquire, get, obtain (freq. and class.).

In gen.:

jam ego parabo Aliquam dolosam fidicinam,

Plaut. Ep. 3, 2, 37:

at dabit, parabit,

id. Ps. 1, 3, 49:

ille bonus vir nobis psaltriam Paravit,

Ter. Ad. 3, 4, 31; id. Eun. 4, 6, 32:

eum mihi precatorem paro,

id. Heaut. 5, 2, 49:

cetera parare, quae parantur pecuniā... amicos non parare,

Cic. Lael. 15, 55:

sibi regnum,

Sall. C. 5, 6:

exercitum,

id. ib. 29, 3:

commeatus,

id. J. 28, 7:

locum et sedes,

Caes. B. G. 1, 31; 6, 22:

quin ei velut opes sint quaedam parandae,

Quint. 10, 1, 15:

de lodice parandā,

Juv. 7, 66.—

In partic., to procure with money, to buy, purchase:

in Piraeum ire volo, parare piscatum mihi,

Plaut. Most. 1, 1, 64:

trans Tiberim hortos,

Cic. Att. 12, 19, 1; id. Fl. 29, 71 fin.:

jumenta,

Caes. B. G. 4, 2:

servi aere parati,

Sall. J. 31, 11:

argento parata mancipia,

Liv. 41, 6 fin. —Hence, părātus, a, um, P. a., prepared.

In gen., ready (class.):

ex paratā re imparatam omnem facis,

Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 6; so (opp. imparata) id. Cas. 4, 4, 8:

tibi erunt parata verba, huic homini verbera,

Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 114:

quos locos multā commentatione atque meditatione paratos atque expeditos habere debetis,

Cic. de Or. 2, 27, 118:

propositum ac paratum auxilium,

Q. Cic. Petit. Cons. 6, 22:

omnia ad bellum apta ac parata,

Caes. B. C. 1, 30; Plin. Pan. 88:

obvius et paratus umor,

id. Ep. 2, 17, 25: parata victoria, an easy victory, Liv. 5, 6.—

With inf.:

id quod parati sunt facere,

Cic. Quint. 2, 8:

audire,

id. Inv. 1, 16, 23:

paratos esse et obsides dare et imperata facere,

Caes. B. G. 2, 3:

omnia perpeti parati,

id. ib. 3, 9:

se paratum esse decertare,

id. ib. 1, 44.—

With dat. (not in Cic. or Cæs.):

vel bello vel paci paratus,

Liv. 1, 1, 8:

nec praedae magis quam pugnae paratos esse,

id. 7, 16, 4:

imperio,

id. 9, 36, 8:

ferri acies... parata neci,

Verg. A. 2, 334:

veniae,

Ov. P. 2, 2, 117:

animus sceleribus,

Tac. A. 12, 47:

provincia peccantibus,

id. Agr. 6:

athleta certamini paratior,

Quint. 8, 3, 10:

castris ponendis,

Liv. 33, 6:

omnibus audendis paratissimus,

Vell. 2, 56, 4.—

In partic.

Prepared, provided, furnished, fitted, equipped with any thing:

intellegit me ita paratum atque instructum ad judicium venire, ut, etc.,

Cic. Verr. 1, 3, 7; cf.:

ad permovendos animos instructi et parati,

id. Or. 5, 20:

scutis telisque parati ornatique,

id. Caecin. 21, 60; id. Tusc. 4, 23, 52; id. Fam. 2, 4, 2:

quo paratior ad usum forensem promptiorque esse possim,

id. Div. in Caecil. 13, 41:

paratus ad navigandum,

id. Att. 9, 6, 2:

ad omnem eventum paratus sum,

id. Fam. 6, 21, 1; cf.:

in omnīs causas paratus,

Quint. 10, 5, 12; Sen. Contr. 3, 18, 3; Suet. Galb. 19:

ad mentiendum paratus,

Cic. Lael. 26, 98:

animo simus ad dimicandum parati,

Caes. B. C. 3, 85 fin.:

paratiores ad omnia pericula subeunda,

id. B. G. 1, 5:

ad dicendum parati,

Cic. de Or. 1, 9, 38.—

With ab: ab omni re sumus paratiores, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 8, 6: si paratior ab exercitu esses, Cael. ib. 8, 10.—

With in and abl., well versed, skilled, experienced in any thing:

Q. Scaevola in jure paratissimus,

Cic. Brut. 39, 145:

prompta et parata in agendo celeritas,

id. ib. 42, 154:

in rebus maritimis,

id. Imp. Pomp. 18, 55.—

With contra:

te contra fortunam paratum armatumque cognovi,

Cic. Fam. 5, 13, 1.—

Of mental preparation, prepared, ready, in a good or bad sense:

ut ad partes paratus veniat,

Varr. R. R. 2, 5, 1:

fabulam compositam Volsci belli, Hernicos ad partes paratos,

Liv. 3, 10, 10:

ad quam (causarum operam) ego numquam, nisi paratus et meditatus accedo,

Cic. Leg. 1, 4, 12:

homo ad omne facinus paratissimus,

id. Mil. 9, 25; id. Verr. 2, 2, 6, § 17; 2, 2, 15, § 37; id. Quint. 11, 39:

itane huc paratus advenis?

Ter. And. 5, 4, 6; cf.:

philosophi habent paratum quid de quāque re dicant,

Cic. de Or. 2, 36, 152.—Hence, adv.: părātē.

Preparedly, with preparation:

ad dicendum parate venire,

Cic. Brut. 68, 241:

paratius atque accuratius dicere,

id. de Or. 1, 33, 150.—

Transf.

Carefully, vigilantly:

id parate curavi ut caverem,

Plaut. Rud. 1, 3, 9.—

Readily, promptly:

paratius venire,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 26, 72:

paratissime respondere,

Plin. Ep. 3, 9, 16.

păro, āre, v. a. [par], to make equal, esteem equal. *

In gen.:

eodem hercle vos pono et paro: parissumi estis iibus,

Plaut. Curc. 4, 2, 20.—

In partic., to bring to an agreement, arrange with any one:

se paraturum cum collegā,

Cic. Fam. 1, 9, 25; cf. Fest. p. 234 Müll.

păro, ōnis, m., = parôn, a small, light ship, Cic. poët. ap. Isid. Orig. 19, 1, 20 (ed. Orell. IV. 2, p. 572); Gell. 10, 25, 5; cf.:

parones navium genus, ad cujus similitudinem myoparo vocatur,

Fest. p. 222 Müll.

plăcĕo, cŭi and cĭtus, cĭtum, 2, v. n. ( part. fut. pass.:

dos placenda,

Plaut. Trin. 5, 2, 35; v. I. A. fin.) [cf. placo], to please, to be pleasing or agreeable, to be welcome, acceptable, to satisfy (class.).

Lit.

In gen.:

ungor ut illi placeam,

Plaut. Cas. 2, 3, 11:

meo neque cara'st cordi neque placet,

id. Ep. 1, 2, 30:

si placeo, utere,

Ter. Phorm. 3, 2, 43:

non placet Antonio consulatus meus: at placuit P. Servilio,

Cic. Phil. 2, 5, 12; Ter. Ad. 1, 1, 34: et quae vobis placita est condicio, datur. id. Hec. 2, 1, 44:

nec dubito, quin mihi (Erigona) placitura sit,

Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 4, § 13:

exspecto quid illis placeat de epistolā ad Caesarem,

id. Att. 13, 1:

tibi Ne Enipeus Plus justo placeat,

Hor. C. 3, 7, 24:

dis, quibus septem placuere colles,

id. C. S. 7; id. Ep. 1, 7, 45; 1, 17, 35:

quid placet aut odio est,

id. ib. 2, 1, 101:

quod spiro et placeo (si placeo) tuum est,

id. C. 4, 3, 24; Plin. 12, 7, 14, § 29:

sibi non placere, quod (Aristides) cupide elaborasset, ut, etc.,

Nep. Arist. 1, 4:

quis gener hic placuit censu minor,

Juv. 3, 160:

Deo placere non possunt,

Vulg. Rom. 8, 8.—As act.:

si illa tibi placet, placenda dos quoque'st quam dat tibi,

must be pleasing, Plaut. Trin. 5, 2, 35.—

In partic.

In scenic lang., of players or pieces presented, to please, find favor, give satisfaction:

primo actu placeo, Ter. Hec. prol. alt. 31: cui scenico placenti,

Suet. Ner. 42; id. Galb. 12; id. Vit. 11:

populo ut placerent quas fecisset fabulas,

Ter. And. prol. 3;

id. Hec. prol. alt. 12: ubi (fabulae) sunt cognitae, Placitae sunt,

id. ib. 13.—

Placere sibi, to be pleased or satisfied with one's self, to flatter one's self, to pride or plume one's self:

ego numquam mihi minus quam hesterno die placui,

Cic. de Or. 2, 4, 15:

nolo tibi tam valde placeas,

Petr. 126; Plin. 35, 9, 36, § 63:

tu tibi tunc curruca places,

Juv. 6, 276:

omnes competitores placebant sibi, omnes omnibus displicebant,

Sid. Ep. 7, 9.—

Transf.: placet mihi (tibi, etc.), or simply placet, it pleases me, it seems good, right, or proper to me; it is my opinion, I am of opinion, I hold, believe, intend, purpose; and in perf., placuit, or placitum est, it is decided, resolved, determined (mihi, nobis, etc., or absol.).

In gen.

With dat.:

ut ipsi auctori hujus disciplinae placet,

Cic. Fin. 1, 9, 29:

ut doctissimis sapientissimisque placuit,

id. Div. 1, 49, 110:

postea mihi placuit, ut summorum oratorum Graecas orationes explicarem,

id. de Or. 1, 34, 155:

ita nobis placitum est, ut, etc.,

Auct. Her. 2, 1, 1:

sic Justitiae placitumque Parcis,

Hor. C. 2, 17, 16:

si placitum hoc Superis,

Val. Fl. 3, 296.—With subject-clause:

duo placet esse Carneadi genera visorum,

Cic. Ac. 2, 31, 99; id. Rep. 1, 38, 60:

sic visum Veneri, cui placet impares Formas, etc., mittere,

Hor. C. 1, 33, 10:

quis paria esse fere placuit peccata, laborant, Cum, etc.,

id. S. 1, 3, 96.—

Without dat., Cic. Rep. 1, 46, 70:

sed, si placet, in hunc diem hactenus,

id. ib. 2, 44, 71; id. Sest. 51:

placitum est, ut in aprico maxime pratuli loco considerent,

id. Rep. 1, 12, 18.—With neutr. pron. as subj.:

hocine placet?

Plaut. Am. 1, 3, 16.—With subj.:

placuit ad hunc primum ferremus aditum,

App. M. 4, 9.—With subject-clause:

placet enim esse quiddam in re publicā praestans et regale, etc.,

Cic. Rep. 1, 45, 69; 1, 36, 56:

si enim pecunias aequari non placet,

id. ib. 1, 32, 49:

hos corripi placitum,

Tac. A. 4, 19; 6, 7; Hor. S. 1, 3, 96.—

In partic.

In publicists' lang., to resolve, will, order, determine:

senatui placere, ut C. Pansa, etc.,

Cic. Phil. 14, 14, 38:

senatui placere, C. Cassium, etc.,

id. ib. 11, 12, 30:

deliberatur de Avarico in communi concilio, incendi placeret an defendi,

Caes. B. G. 7, 15:

quamobrem placitum est mihi, ut, etc.,

Cic. Att. 8, 12, A, §

4: edixit, mulieres ante horam quintam venire in theatrum non placere,

Suet. Aug. 44 fin.; cf.:

quid placeat, die,

your decision, Juv. 10, 338.—

Si dis placet, please the gods; and in eccl. writers:

Deo placere,

Vulg. Num. 23, 27; v. deus.— Hence, *

plăcens, entis, P. a., pleasing, charming, dear:

expetendum esse quod non placens sit,

Cic. Fin. 3, 8:

placens uxor,

Hor. C. 2, 14, 21.— Acceptable:

hostia placens Deo,

Vulg. Phil. 4, 18:

sibi placentes,

self-willed, id. 2 Pet. 2, 10.—

plăcĭtus, a, um, P. a., pleasing, agreeable, acceptable (mostly poet.):

placita es simplicitate tuā,

you are pleasing, you please, Ov. Am. 2, 4, 18:

oliva,

Verg. G. 2, 425:

amor,

id. A. 4, 38:

bona,

Ov. H. 17, 98:

in locum ambobus placitum exercitus conveniunt,

Sall. J. 81, 1:

artes,

Tac. A. 2, 66:

exemplum,

id. ib. 4, 37:

eum (regem creari) quasi placitissimum diis. qui, etc.,

Just. 18. 3. 9 (the reading acceptissimum is a later emendation).— Abl. absol.: sic placito ocius surrexit. App. M. 2, 24:

placiti dies,

appointed days, Vulg. 1 Reg. 13, 11.—

Subst.: plăcĭtum, i, n.

Prop., that which is pleasing or agreeable:

ultra placitum laudare,

more than is agreeable, Verg. E. 7, 27.—

Transf.

An opinion, sentiment (post-Aug.):

Catonis placita de olivis,

Plin. 15, 5, 6, § 20.—

A determination, prescription, order:

medicorum placita,

Plin. 14, 22, 28, § 143.—

A maxim, principle:

ipse (Rubellius) placita majorum colebat,

Tac. A. 14, 22:

sapientium placita,

id. ib. 16, 19:

Stoicorum,

id. H. 3, 81:

philosophorum,

id. Or. 19:

nec est quare hoc inter nostra placita mireris,

Sen. Ep. 66, 45:

decreta, quae Graeci vocant dogmata, nobis vel decreta licet adpellare vel scita vel placita,

Sen. Ep. 95, 10: philosophiae placita, id. ib. §

37: Babyloniorum,

Plin. 2, 79, 81, § 191; Col. 9, 2, 1.

sūmo, sumpsi, sumptum, 3 (sync. form of the inf. perf. sumpse, Naev. ap. Gell. 2, 19, 6 (Com. Rel. v. 97 Rib.;

suremit for sumpsit, surempsit for sumpserit,

Paul. Diac. 299, 2; Fest. 298, 9), v. a. [contr. for subimo, from sub-emo], to take, take up, lay hold of, assume (syn. capio).

In gen.: auferere, non abibis, si ego fustem sumpsero, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 202:

laciniam,

id. Merc. 1, 2, 16:

si hoc digitulis duobus sumebas primoribus,

id. Bacch. 4, 4, 24:

si mutuas non potero, certum'st sumam foenore,

id. As. 1, 3, 95:

postremo a me argentum quanti est sumito,

Ter. Ad. 5, 9, 20:

locum ( = capere),

Plaut. Aul. 4, 6, 9:

legem in manus,

Cic. Agr. 2, 6, 15:

unum quodque vas in manus,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 27, § 63:

Epicurum et Metrodorum non fere praeter suos quisquam in manus sumit,

id. Tusc. 2, 3, 8:

orationes in manus,

Quint. 10, 1, 22:

litteras ad te a M. Lepido consule quasi commendaticias sumpsimus,

have taken, provided ourselves with, Cic. Fam. 13, 26, 3:

spatium ad vehicula comportanda,

Liv. 2, 4:

spatium ad colloquendum,

id. 8, 18:

ferrum ad aliquem interficiendum,

id. 40, 11, 10:

Tusculi ante quam Romae sumpta sunt arma,

id. 3, 19, 8:

pro conjuge ferrum,

Ov. H. 15 (16), 371:

arma,

Quint. 5, 10, 71:

sume venenum,

id. 8, 5, 23; Nep. Them. 10, 3; id. Hann. 12, 5:

partem Falerni,

Hor. C. 1, 27, 9:

cyathos,

id. ib. 3, 8, 13:

panem perfusam aquā frigidā,

Suet. Aug. 77:

potiunculam,

id. Dom. 21:

antidotum,

id. Calig. 23:

pomum de lance,

Ov. P. 3, 5, 20:

cibum,

Nep. Att. 21; Petr. 111:

soporem,

Nep. Dion, 2, 5:

sumptā virili togā,

put on, Cic. Lael. 1, 1:

virilem togam,

Suet. Aug. 8; 94 med.; id. Tib. 7; id. Galb. 4; Val. Max. 5, 4, 4:

calceos et vestimenta,

Cic. Rep. 1, 12, 18:

regium ornatum,

Nep. Eum. 13, 3: latum clavum (opp. deponere bracas), Poët. ap. Suet. Caes. 80:

diadema,

Suet. Calig. 22:

annulos ferreos (opp. deponere),

id. Aug. 100:

gausapa,

Ov. A. A. 2, 300:

alas pedibus virgamque manu tegumenque capillis,

id. M. 1, 672:

perventum est eo, quo sumpta navis est,

Cic. Off. 3, 23, 89:

pecuniam mutuam,

id. Fl. 20, 46; Sall. C. 24, 2:

aurum mutuum,

Suet. Caes. 51.—Of time:

diem ad deliberandum,

Caes. B. G. 1, 7:

tempus cibi quietisque,

Liv. 32, 11.—

Trop.

In gen.:

calorem animo,

Lucr. 3, 288:

obsequium animo, i. e. animo obsequi,

Plaut. Bacch. 4, 10, 8:

Ariovistus tantos sibi spiritus, tantam arrogantiam sumpserat, ut, etc.,

assumed, Caes. B. G. 1, 33; cf.:

sumpsi animum,

I took courage, Ov. F. 1, 147:

animos serpentis,

id. M. 3, 545:

vigorem,

id. P. 3, 4, 31:

cum spiritus plebs sumpsisset,

Liv. 4, 54, 8:

certamine animi adversus eum sumpto,

id. 37, 10, 2:

exempla,

Cic. Lael. 11, 38: sumptis inimicitiis, susceptā causā, etc., taken upon one ' s self, assumed, id. Vatin. 11, 28:

omne bellum sumi facile, ceterum aegerrime desinere,

to be undertaken, entered upon, begun, Sall. J. 83, 1; so,

bellum cum aliquo,

Liv. 1, 42, 2; 36, 2, 3. —

Esp.: supplicium sumere, to exact satisfaction, inflict punishment, rarely absol.:

supplici sibi sumat, quod volt ipse, ob hanc injuriam,

Plaut. Merc. 5, 4, 31:

satis sumpsimus jam supplici,

id. Pers. 5, 2, 72:

graviore sententiā pronuntiatā more majorum supplicium sumpsit,

Caes. B. G. 6, 44.—Usu. de aliquo:

potuisse hunc de illā supplicium sumere,

Cic. Inv. 2, 27, 82:

tum homo nefarius de homine nobili virgis supplicium crudelissime sumeret,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 37, § 91:

supplicium de matre sumpsisse,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 24, 66; Liv. 39, 29; cf. supplicium.—Rarely ex aliquo, Liv. 23, 3, 1.— Post-class. also ab aliquo, Val. Max. 4, 1, ext. 1;

5, 1, ext. 2.—Rarely poenam sumere ( = capere): pro maleficio poenam sumi oportere,

Cic. Inv. 2, 36, 108:

merentis poenas,

Verg. A. 2, 586:

poenam scelerato ex sanguine,

id. ib. 12, 949; cf. id. ib. 6, 501.—

In partic.

To take (by choice), to choose, select:

philosophiae studium,

Cic. Ac. 1, 2, 8:

hoc sumo ( = suscipio), hoc mihi deposco,

id. Verr. 1, 12, 36:

nos Capuam sumpsimus,

id. Fam. 16, 11, 3:

sumat aliquem ex populo monitorem officii sui,

Sall. J. 85, 10:

enitimini, ne ego meliores liberos sumpsisse videar quam genuisse,

i. e. to have adopted, id. ib. 10, 8:

sumite materiam vestris, qui scribitis, aequam Viribus,

Hor. A. P. 38:

quis te mala sumere cogit? Aut quis deceptum ponere sumpta velit?

Ov. Tr. 5, 1, 69 sq.:

disceptatorem,

Liv. 1, 50:

quod tres patricios magistratus nobilitas sibi sumpsisset,

id. 7, 1:

Miltiadem sibi imperatorem,

Nep. Milt. 1, 3.— Poet., with inf.:

quem virum aut heroa lyrā vel acri Tibiā sumis celebrare, Clio?

Hor. C. 1, 12, 2: quis sibi res gestas Augusti scribere sumit? id. Ep. 1, 3, 7.—

To take as one's own, to assume, claim, arrogate, appropriate to one's self (syn.:

ascisco, assumo, arrogo): quamquam mihi non sumo tantum neque arrogo, ut, etc.,

Cic. Planc. 1, 3:

sed mihi non sumo, ut meum consilium valere debuerit,

id. Att. 8, 11 D, §

6: sumpsi hoc mihi pro tuā in me observantiā, ut, etc.,

id. Fam. 13, 50, 1:

tantum tibi sumito pro Capitone apud Caesarem, quantum, etc.,

id. ib. 13, 29, 6:

sibi imperatorias partes,

Caes. B. C. 3, 51:

nec sumit aut ponit secures Arbitrio popularis aurae,

Hor. C. 3, 2, 19:

vultus modo sumit acerbos,

Ov. Tr. 5, 8, 17:

mores antiquos,

Liv. 3, 68:

proelio sumpta Thessalia est,

conquered, Flor. 4, 2, 43.—

To take, get, acquire, receive:

distat sumasne pudenter an rapias,

Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 44:

laudemque a crimine sumit,

Ov. M. 6, 474:

sumpto rigore,

id. ib. 10, 139:

vel tua me Sestus vel te mea sumit Abydos,

id. H. 17 (18), 127. —

To take for some purpose, i. e. to use, apply, employ, spend, consume (syn. insumo):

in malā uxore atque inimico si quid sumas, sumptus est: In bono hospite atque amico quaestus est, quod sumitur,

Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 79 sq.:

minus hercle in hisce rebus sumptum est sex minis,

id. Trin. 2, 4, 9 and 12:

frustra operam, opinor, sumo,

Ter. Heaut. 4, 3, 15:

frustra laborem,

Caes. B. G. 3, 14:

cui rei opus est, ei hilarem hunc sumamus diem,

Ter. Ad. 5, 3, 68:

videtis hos quasi sumptos dies ad labefactandam illius dignitatem,

Cic. Rab. Post. 16, 44:

sumpseris tibi familiaritatem nostram ad ornamentum,

Plin. Ep. 6, 18, 2. — Poet.: curis sumptus, consumed, worn out, Poët. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 21, 42 (Trag. Fr. Inc. 8 Rib.).—

To undertake, begin, enter upon:

bellum,

Liv. 1, 42; Flor. 4, 12, 24:

bellis ponendis sumendisque,

Liv. 8, 4:

haec maxime belli ratio sumendi fuerat,

id. 38, 19:

duellum cum aliquo,

id. 36, 2:

proelia,

Suet. Caes. 60; Tac. H. 2, 45:

in hos expeditionem,

Flor. 4, 12, 6:

non mandata expeditio, sed sumpta est,

id. 4, 12, 48.— Poet.:

prima fide vocisque ratae temptamina sumpsit Liriope,

Ov. M. 3, 341.—

In an oration, disputation, etc.

To take for certain or for granted, to assume, maintain, suppose, affirm:

alterutrum fatearis enim sumasque necesse'st,

Lucr. 1, 974:

nec solum ea sumitis ad concludendum, quae ab omnibus concedantur, sed ea sumitis, quibus concessis, etc.,

Cic. Div. 2, 50, 104:

aliquid pro certo,

id. ib. —With inf.-clause:

beatos esse deos sumpsisti,

Cic. N. D. 1, 31, 89:

pro non dubio legati sumebant, quae Antiochi fuerunt, Eumenem aequius esse quam me habere,

Liv. 39, 28, 5.—

To make, take a beginning, etc. (late Lat.):

ab uno signo sumamus exordium,

Macr. Somn. Scip. 18:

ab illā quaestione principium sumere,

Lact. 1, 2: quin fictio a capite sumat exordium, id. Opif. Dei, 12, 7.—

To take, bring forward, cite, mention as a proof, an instance, etc. (cf. profero):

homines notos sumere odiosum est,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 16, 47:

unum hoc sumo,

id. ib. 34, 97:

sumam annum tertium,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 44, § 104:

ex istis tuis sumam aliquem,

id. Cael. 15, 36:

quid quisquam potest ex omni memoriā sumere illustrius?

id. Sest. 12, 27:

ab oratore aut poëtā probato sumptum ponere exemplum,

Auct. Her. 4, 1, 1.—

To take as a purchase, to buy, purchase:

quanti ego genus omnino signorum non aestimo, tanti ista quattuor aut quinque sumpsisti,

Cic. Fam. 7, 23, 2:

decumas agri Leontini,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 64, § 149:

quae parvo sumi nequeunt, obsonia captas,

Hor. S. 2, 7, 106.—

Aliquam, to use, enjoy, etc., in mal. part., Mart. 10, 81, 2:

mille licet sumant,

Ov. A. A. 3, 90; Auct. Priap. 5; cf.

gaudia,

Nemes. Ecl. 4, 59:

aliquid,

Petr. 100.—

To take, fascinate, charm:

simul conspexerit juvenem, venustate ejus sumitur,

App. M. 2, p. 116, 40.

1. ge·hen <ging, gegangen> [ʼge:ən]

1) ( sich fortbewegen)

[irgendwohin] \Gehen to go [somewhere]; ( zu Fuß) to walk [somewhere];

geh schon! go on!;

\Gehen wir! let's go!;

\Gehen wir oder fahren wir mit dem Auto? shall we walk or drive?;

ich gehe raus, frische Luft schnappen I'm going out for some fresh air;

gehst du heute in die Stadt/ auf die Post/zur Bank? are you going to town/to the post office/to the bank today?;

wann geht er nach Paris/ins Ausland? when is he going to Paris/abroad?;

in Urlaub \Gehen to go on holiday [or (Am) vacation];

auf die andere Straßenseite \Gehen to cross over to the other side of the street;

ich gehe eben mal schnell auf den Dachboden I'm just going up to the loft quickly;

[im Zimmer] auf und ab \Gehen to walk up and down [or pace] [the room];

in/ an etw akk \Gehen to go into/to sth;

ans Telefon \Gehen to answer the telephone;

über etw akk \Gehen to go over [or cross] sth;

zu jdm/etw \Gehen to go to sb/sth;

wie lange geht man bis zur Haltestelle/zur Post? how far is it to the bus stop/post office?;

kannst du für mich noch zum Metzger/Bäcker \Gehen? can/could you go to the butcher['s]/baker['s] for me?; s. a. Stelzen, Stock, weit

2) ( besuchen)

zu jdm \Gehen to go and visit [or see] sb;

in etw akk \Gehen to go to sth;

ins Theater/ in die Kirche/ Messe/Schule \Gehen to go to the theatre/to church/mass/school;

zu etw dat \Gehen to go to sth;

zu einem Vortrag/ zu einer Messe/zur Schule \Gehen to go to a lecture/to a [trade] fair/to school;

an etw akk \Gehen to go to sth;

an die Uni \Gehen to go to university;

auf etw akk \Gehen to go to sth;

aufs Gymnasium/auf einen Lehrgang \Gehen to go to [a] grammar school/on a course;

etw tun \Gehen to go to do sth;

schwimmen/ tanzen/ einkaufen/schlafen \Gehen to go swimming/dancing/shopping/to bed

3) ( tätig werden)

in etw akk \Gehen to go into [or enter] sth;

in die Industrie/ Politik/Computerbranche \Gehen to go into industry/politics/computers;

in die Partei/Gewerkschaft \Gehen to join the party/union;

zu etw dat \Gehen to join sth;

zum Film/ Radio/ Theater/zur Oper \Gehen to go into films/radio/on the stage/become an opera singer;

an etw akk \Gehen to join sth;

ans Gymnasium/an die Uni \Gehen to join the grammar school/university [as a teacher/lecturer]

4) ( weggehen) to go;

(abfahren a.) to leave;

ich muss jetzt \Gehen I have to be off [or must go];

wann geht der Zug nach Hamburg? when does the train to Hamburg leave?;

heute geht leider keine Fähre mehr there are no more ferries today, I'm afraid;

jdn \Gehen lassen ( davongehen lassen) to let sb go;

von uns gegangen sein;

(euph: gestorben sein) to have departed from us ( euph) s. a. Licht, Weg

5) ( blicken)

auf etw akk / nach etw akk \Gehen to look onto/towards sth;

die Fenster \Gehen auf das Meer/ den Strand the windows look [out] onto the sea/beach;

der Balkon ging nach Süden/ auf einen Parkplatz the balcony faced south/overlooked a car park

6) ( führen)

irgendwohin \Gehen to go somewhere;

die Brücke geht über den Fluss the bridge crosses the river;

ist das die Straße, die nach Oberstdorf geht? is that the road [or way] to Oberstdorf?;

wohin geht dieser Weg/Geheimgang? where does this path/secret passage go [or lead [to]] ?;

die Tür geht direkt auf unseren Parkplatz the door leads [or opens] directly onto our parking space;

von... bis/ über etw akk \Gehen to go from... to/via somewhere;

die nach Biberach \Gehende Reise the trip to Biberach;

dieser Rundweg geht über die Höhen des Schwarzwaldes this circular walk takes in the highest points [or peaks] of the Black Forest

7) ( ausscheiden)

[zu jdm] \Gehen to leave [for sb], to go [to sb];

er ist zu Klett gegangen he left to go to Klett;

gegangen werden ( hum) ( fam) to be given the push [or ( fam) the sack];

8) ( funktionieren) to work;

meine Uhr geht nicht mehr my watch has stopped

9) ( sich bewegen) to move;

ich hörte, wie die Tür ging I heard the door [go];

diese Schublade geht schwer this drawer is stiff;

vielleicht geht das Schloss wieder, wenn man es ölt perhaps the lock will work again if you oil it

10) ( gelingen)

[irgendwie] \Gehen to go [somehow];

wie ist die Prüfung gegangen? how was the exam [or did the exam go] ?;

zurzeit geht alles drunter und drüber things are a bit chaotic right now;

versuch's einfach, es geht ganz leicht just try it, it's really easy;

kannst du mir bitte erklären, wie das Spiel geht? can you please explain the rules of the game to me?;

wie soll das denn bloß \Gehen? just how is that supposed to work?

11) ökon ( laufen) to go;

das Geschäft geht vor Weihnachten immer gut business is always good before Christmas;

wie \Gehen die Geschäfte? how's business?;

der Export geht nur noch schleppend exports are sluggish;

( sich verkaufen) to sell;

diese teuren Zigarren \Gehen gut/ nicht gut these expensive cigars sell/don't sell well;

diese Pralinen \Gehen bei uns so schnell weg, wie sie reinkommen we sell these chocolates as soon as they come in

12) ( verlaufen)

[irgendwie] vor sich \Gehen to go on [or happen] [in a certain way];

erkläre mir mal, wie das vor sich \Gehen soll now just tell me how that's going to happen [or how it's going to work];

das kann auf verschiedene Arten vor sich \Gehen it can proceed in a variety of ways;

kannst du mir mal erklären, wie das vor sich geht, wenn man die deutsche Staatsbürgerschaft annehmen will? can you explain the procedure for taking up German citizenship to me?;

was geht hier vor sich? ( fam) what's going on here?

13) ( hineinpassen)

in etw akk / durch etw akk \Gehen to go into/through sth;

es \Gehen über 450 Besucher in das neue Theater the new theatre holds over 450 people;

wie viele Leute \Gehen in deinen Wagen? how many people [can] fit in[to] your car?; s. a. Kopf

14) ( dauern) to go on;

eine bestimmte Zeit \Gehen to last a certain time;

dieser Film geht drei Stunden this film goes on for [or lasts] three hours;

der Film geht schon über eine Stunde the film has been on for over an hour already [or started over an hour ago];

15) ( reichen) to go;

[jdm] bis zu etw dat \Gehen to reach [sb's] sth;

das Wasser geht einem bis zur Hüfte the water comes up to one's hips;

der Rock geht ihr bis zum Knie the skirt goes down to her knee;

in etw akk \Gehen to run into sth;

in die Hunderte [o hunderte] / Tausende [o tausende] \Gehen to run into [the] hundreds/thousands

16) kochk Teig to rise

17) ( sich kleiden)

in etw dat \Gehen to wear sth;

( verkleidet sein)

als etw \Gehen to go as sth;

( gekleidet sein)

mit/ohne etw \Gehen to go with/without sth;

bei dem Nieselregen würde ich nicht ohne Schirm \Gehen I wouldn't go out in this drizzle without an umbrella;

sie geht auch im Winter nur mit einer dunklen Brille she wears dark glasses even in winter;

ich gehe besser nicht in Jeans dorthin I'd better not go there in jeans

18) ( ertönen) to ring

19) ( möglich sein)

[bei jdm] \Gehen to be all right [or ( fam) OK] [with sb];

haben Sie am nächsten Mittwoch Zeit? - nein, das geht [bei mir] nicht are you free next Wednesday? - no, that's no good [for me] [or I can't manage that];

das geht doch nicht! that's not on!;

ich muss mal telefonieren - geht das? I have to make a phone call - would that be alright?;

nichts geht mehr ( beim Roulette) no more bets;

( hoffnungslos sein) there's nothing more to be done

20) ( lauten) to go;

weißt du noch, wie das Lied ging? can you remember how the song went [or the words of the song] ?;

wie geht nochmal der Spruch? what's that saying again?, how does the saying go?

21) ( anfassen)

an etw akk \Gehen to touch sth;

um ihre Schulden zu bezahlen, musste sie an ihr Erspartes \Gehen she had to raid her savings to pay off her debts;

wer ist dieses Mal an meinen Computer gegangen? who's been messing around with my computer this time?

22) ( zufallen)

an jdn \Gehen to go to sb;

das Erbe/ der Punkt ging an sie the inheritance/point went to her;

der Vorsitz ging turnusmäßig an H. Lantermann H. Lantermann became chairman in rotation

23) ( beeinträchtigen)

[jdm] an etw akk \Gehen to damage [sb's] sth;

das geht [mir] ganz schön an die Nerven that really gets on my nerves;

das geht an die Kraft [o Substanz] that takes it out of you

24) (fam: angreifen)

auf etw akk \Gehen to attack sth;

das Rauchen geht auf die Lunge smoking affects the lungs;

das Klettern geht ganz schön auf die Pumpe climbing really puts a strain on the old ticker

25) ( gerichtet sein)

an jdn \Gehen to be addressed to sb;

gegen jdn/etw \Gehen to be directed against sb/sth;

das geht nicht gegen Sie, aber die Vorschriften! this isn't aimed at you, it's just the rules!;

das geht gegen meine Prinzipien/ Überzeugung that is [or goes] against my principles/convictions

26) (fam: liiert sein)

mit jdm \Gehen to go out with sb

27) ( urteilen)

nach etw dat \Gehen to go by sth;

der Richter ging in seinem Urteil nach der bisherigen Unbescholtenheit des Angeklagten on passing sentence the judge took into account the defendant's lack of previous convictions;

nach dem, was er sagt, kann man nicht \Gehen you can't go by what he says

28) ( überschreiten)

zu weit \Gehen to go too far, to overstep the line;

das geht zu weit! that's just too much!

29) ( übersteigen)

über jds Geduld \Gehen to exhaust sb's patience;

über jds Kräfte/Möglichkeiten \Gehen to be too much for [or beyond] sb;

das geht einfach über meine finanziellen Möglichkeiten I just don't have the finances for that;

30) (hum: werden zu)

unter die Politiker/ Künstler/Säufer \Gehen to join the ranks of politicians/artists/alcoholics

31) (fam: akzeptabel sein) to be OK;

er geht gerade noch, aber seine Frau ist furchtbar he's just about OK [or tolerable] but his wife is awful;

wie ist das Hotel? - es geht [so] how's the hotel? - it's ok;

ist das zu klein? - nein, das geht [so] is it too small? - no, it's ok like this

32) ( Altersangabe)

auf die... \Gehen + Zahl to be approaching...;

er geht auf die dreißig he's approaching [or coming up for] thirty

wo jd geht und steht ( fam) wherever [or no matter where] sb goes [or is];

in sich akk \Gehen to turn one's gaze inward, to take stock of oneself;

Mensch, geh in dich! for heaven's sake, think again!;

\Gehen Sie [mir] mit... ( fam) spare [me]...;

\Gehen Sie [mir] doch mit Ihren Ausreden! spare me your excuses, please!;

jdm °über alles \Gehen to mean more to sb than anything else;

das Kind geht mir über alles! that child means the whole world to me!;

es geht nichts °über jdn/ etw nothing beats sb/sth, there's nothing better than [or to beat]; [or like] sb/sth;

[ach] geh,...! ( fam) [oh] come on,...!;

ach geh, das kann doch nicht dein Ernst sein! oh come on, you can't be serious!;

geh, so was kannst du sonst wem erzählen! go and tell that to the marines!;

geh! (österr, südd) get away!;

geh, was du nicht sagst! go on, you're kidding!; s. a. Konto

1) + adv ( sich befinden)

jdm geht es... sb feels...;

wie geht es Ihnen? - danke, mir geht es gut/ausgezeichnet! how are you? - thank you, I am well/I'm feeling marvellous!;

mir ist es schon mal besser gegangen! I have felt better!;

nach der Spritze ging es ihr gleich wieder besser she soon felt better again after the injection;

wie geht's denn [so]? ( fam) how are things?, how's it going?

2) + adv ( verlaufen)

irgendwie \Gehen to go somehow;

wie war denn die Prüfung? - ach, es ging ganz gut how was the exam? - oh, it went quite well;

es ging wie geschmiert it went like clockwork

3) ( sich handeln um)

[bei etw dat] um etw akk \Gehen to be about sth;

um was geht's denn? what's it about then?;

worum geht's denn? what's it all about then?;

in dem Gespräch ging es um die zugesagte Gehaltserhöhung the conversation was about the promised increase in salary;

worum geht es in diesem Film? what is this film about?;

hierbei geht es um meinen guten Ruf my reputation is at stake [or on the line] here;

hierbei geht es um Millionen we're talking millions here ( fam), there are millions involved here;

wenn es um mein Glück geht, lasse ich mir von niemandem dreinreden when it comes to my happiness I don't let anyone tell me what to do;

es geht hier um eine wichtige Entscheidung there is an important decision to be made here;

wenn es nur um ein paar Minuten geht, warten wir we'll wait if it's just a question [or matter] of a few minutes

4) ( wichtig sein)

jdm geht es um etw akk sth matters to sb;

worum geht es dir eigentlich? what are you trying to say?;

es geht mir nur ums Geld/ um die Wahrheit I'm only interested in the money/truth;

es geht mir ums Prinzip it's a matter [or question] of principle; s. a. Leben

5) ( ergehen)

jdm geht es irgendwie to be somehow with sb;

mir ist es ähnlich/ genauso/ nicht anders gegangen it was the same [or like that] /just the same [or just like that] /no different with me, I felt the same/just the same/no different;

warum soll es dir etwa besser \Gehen als mir? why should you have it better than me?;

lass es dir/lasst es euch gut \Gehen! look after [or take care of] yourself!

6) ( sich machen lassen) to be all right;

geht es, dass ihr uns zu Weihnachten besuchen kommt? will it be possible for you to visit us at Christmas?;

das wird kaum \Gehen, wir sind über Weihnachten verreist that won't be possible [or work], we're away for Christmas;

ich werde arbeiten, solange es geht I shall go on [or continue] working as long as possible;

geht es, oder soll ich dir tragen helfen? can you manage, or shall I help you carry it/them;

es geht einfach nicht mehr it won't do any more

7) ( führen)

nach/ in etw akk \Gehen to go [or lead] somewhere;

erst fahren Sie über drei Ampeln, dann geht es rechts ab go past three traffic lights then turn right;

wohin geht's eigentlich im Urlaub? just where are you off to on holiday?;

auf, Leute, es geht wieder nach Hause come on people, it's time to go home;

das nächste Mal geht's in die Berge/ an die See we're off to [or heading for] the mountains/coast next time;

im Sommer geht es immer in den Süden we always go [or head] south for the summer;

gleich geht's ins Wochenende soon it'll be the weekend;

wo geht's hier zum Flughafen? how do I get to the airport from here?;

wo geht es hier raus? where is the exit?; s. a. geradeaus

8) (nach jds Kopf \Gehen)

nach jdm \Gehen to go by sb;

wenn es nach mir ginge if it were up to me;

es kann nicht immer alles nach dir \Gehen you can't always have things your own way

aber sonst geht's dir gut? (?) but you're OK otherwise?, are you feeling all right?, are you quite right in the head?;

auf geht's! let's go!, come on!;

es geht das Gerücht/die Sage, dass... rumour/legend has it that...;

geht's noch!? ( SCHWEIZ) ( iron) are you crazy?!

vt sein;

etw \Gehen to walk sth;

Sie haben aber noch drei Stunden/17 Kilometer zu \Gehen! you've still got another three hours/17 kilometres to go!;

ich gehe immer diesen Weg/ diese Straße I always walk this way/take this road

1) impers

es geht sich schlecht hier it's hard going [or hard to walk] here;

in diesen Schuhen geht es sich bequem these shoes are very comfortable for walking [or to walk in];

2) ( sich nicht beherrschen)

sich \Gehen lassen to lose control of oneself [or one's self-control]; ( nachlässig sein) to let oneself go

2. Ge·hen <-s> [ʼge:ən] nt

1) (Zu-Fuß-\Gehen) walking

2) ( das Weggehen) going, leaving;

schon im \Gehen, wandte sie sich noch einmal um she turned round once more as she left;

sein frühes/vorzeitiges \Gehen his early departure

3) sport walking

1. ge·hen <ging, gegangen> [ʼge:ən]

1) ( sich fortbewegen)

[irgendwohin] \gehen to go [somewhere]; ( zu Fuß) to walk [somewhere];

geh schon! go on!;

\gehen wir! let's go!;

\gehen wir oder fahren wir mit dem Auto? shall we walk or drive?;

ich gehe raus, frische Luft schnappen I'm going out for some fresh air;

gehst du heute in die Stadt/ auf die Post/zur Bank? are you going to town/to the post office/to the bank today?;

wann geht er nach Paris/ins Ausland? when is he going to Paris/abroad?;

in Urlaub \gehen to go on holiday [or (Am) vacation];

auf die andere Straßenseite \gehen to cross over to the other side of the street;

ich gehe eben mal schnell auf den Dachboden I'm just going up to the loft quickly;

[im Zimmer] auf und ab \gehen to walk up and down [or pace] [the room];

in/ an etw akk \gehen to go into/to sth;

ans Telefon \gehen to answer the telephone;

über etw akk \gehen to go over [or cross] sth;

zu jdm/etw \gehen to go to sb/sth;

wie lange geht man bis zur Haltestelle/zur Post? how far is it to the bus stop/post office?;

kannst du für mich noch zum Metzger/Bäcker \gehen? can/could you go to the butcher['s]/baker['s] for me?; s. a. Stelzen, Stock, weit

2) ( besuchen)

zu jdm \gehen to go and visit [or see] sb;

in etw akk \gehen to go to sth;

ins Theater/ in die Kirche/ Messe/Schule \gehen to go to the theatre/to church/mass/school;

zu etw dat \gehen to go to sth;

zu einem Vortrag/ zu einer Messe/zur Schule \gehen to go to a lecture/to a [trade] fair/to school;

an etw akk \gehen to go to sth;

an die Uni \gehen to go to university;

auf etw akk \gehen to go to sth;

aufs Gymnasium/auf einen Lehrgang \gehen to go to [a] grammar school/on a course;

etw tun \gehen to go to do sth;

schwimmen/ tanzen/ einkaufen/schlafen \gehen to go swimming/dancing/shopping/to bed

3) ( tätig werden)

in etw akk \gehen to go into [or enter] sth;

in die Industrie/ Politik/Computerbranche \gehen to go into industry/politics/computers;

in die Partei/Gewerkschaft \gehen to join the party/union;

zu etw dat \gehen to join sth;

zum Film/ Radio/ Theater/zur Oper \gehen to go into films/radio/on the stage/become an opera singer;