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1 break
break [breɪk]1. nouna. (in conversation, programme, line) interruption f ; (in journey) arrêt m ; (at work) pause f ; (at school) pause f, récréation f• to take a break ( = few minutes) faire une pause ; ( = holiday) prendre des vacances ; ( = change) se changer les idées• after the break ( = advertisements) après la pause (publicitaire)b. [of bone] fracture f• she got her first big break in "Sarafina" elle a percé dans « Sarafina »a. casser ; [+ skin] écorcher• to break one's leg/one's neck se casser la jambe/le cou• to break new or fresh ground innoverb. [+ promise] manquer à ; [+ treaty] violerc. [+ courage, spirit, strike] briser• television can make you or break you la télévision peut soit vous apporter la gloire soit vous briserd. [+ silence, spell] rompre• to break one's journey faire une étape (or des étapes)e. [+ fall] amortirf. [+ news] annoncera. (se) casser ; [bone] se fracturerb. [clouds] se dissiperc. [storm] éclater ; [wave] déferlerd. [news, story] éclatere. ( = weaken, change) [health] se détériorer ; [voice] (boy's) muer ; (in emotion) se briser ( with sous le coup de ) ; [weather] se gâterf. [dawn] poindre ; [day] se leverg. ( = pause) faire une pause4. compounds► break-up noun [of friendship] rupture f ; [of empire, group of states] démantèlement m ; [of political party] scission f• after negotiations broke down... après l'échec m des négociations...c. ( = weep) fondre en larmes► break ina. ( = interrupt) interrompreb. ( = enter illegally) entrer par effractiona. [+ door] enfoncerb. [+ engine, car] roder• it took a month to break in my new shoes cela a pris un mois avant que mes nouvelles chaussures se fassenta. ( = enter illegally) [+ house] entrer par effraction dansb. [+ savings] entamerc. [company] to break into a new market percer sur un nouveau marchéa. [piece, twig] se casser neta. ( = snap off) casserb. ( = end) [+ relationship, negotiations] romprea. [war, fire] éclaterb. ( = escape) s'échapper (of de)( = succeed) percer[+ defences, obstacles] faire tomber► break upb. [crowd] se disperser ; [meeting] prendre finc. [phone line] couperd. (US = laugh) (inf!) se tordre de rirea. [+ chocolate] casser en morceauxb. [+ coalition] briser ; [+ empire] démembrerc. [+ crowd, demonstration] disperser• police used tear gas to break up the demonstration la police a utilisé du gaz lacrymogène pour disperser les manifestantsd. (US = make laugh) (inf!) donner le fou rire à* * *[breɪk] 1.1) ( fracture) fracture f2) ( crack) fêlure f3) ( gap) ( in wall) brèche f; (in row, line) espace m; (in circuit, chain) rupture f; (in conversation, match) pause f; ( in performance) entracte m; ( in traffic) trou m, espace m4) Radio, Television page f de publicité5) ( pause) gen pause f; School récréation fto take ou have a break from working — ne plus travailler pendant un temps
I often give her a break from looking after the kids — je m'occupe souvent des enfants pour qu'elle se repose
6) ( holiday) vacances fplit's time to make a ou the break — ( from family) il est temps de voler de ses propres ailes; ( from job) il est temps de passer à autre chose
8) (colloq) ( opportunity) chance f9) ( dawn)at the break of day — au lever du jour, à l'aube f
10) ( escape bid)2.to make a break for it — (colloq) ( from prison) se faire la belle (colloq)
1) ( damage) casser [chair, eggs, rope, stick, toy]; casser [plate, window]to break a tooth/a bone — se casser une dent/un os
to break one's neck — lit avoir une rupture des vertèbres cervicales; fig se casser la figure
2) ( rupture) briser [seal]3) ( interrupt) [person] rompre [silence]; [shout, siren] déchirer [silence]; couper [circuit]; rompre [monotony, spell, ties, links] ( with avec)to break one's silence — sortir de son silence (on à propos de)
4) ( disobey) enfreindre [law]; ne pas respecter [embargo, terms]; violer [treaty]; désobéir à [rule]; briser [strike]; rompre [vow]; manquer [appointment]to break one's word/promise — manquer à sa parole/promesse
5) (exceed, surpass) dépasser [speed limit, bounds]; battre [record]; franchir [speed barrier]6) ( lessen the impact of) couper [wind]; [branches] freiner [fall]; [hay] amortir [fall]8) ( ruin) ruiner [person]9) ( tame) débourrer [young horse]10) ( in tennis)11) ( decipher) déchiffrer [code]12) ( leave)13) ( announce) annoncer [news]; révéler [truth]3.1) ( be damaged) [branch, chair, egg, string] se casser; [plate, window] se casser; [arm, bone, leg] se fracturer; [bag] se déchirer2) ( separate) [clouds] se disperser; [waves] se briser3) ( stop for a rest) faire une pause4) ( change) [good weather] se gâter; [heatwave] cesser5) ( begin) [day] se lever; [storm] éclater; [scandal, story] éclater6) ( discontinue)7) ( weaken)8) ( change tone) [boy's voice] muer•Phrasal Verbs:- break in- break up -
2 landscape
paysage; paysage géographique* -
3 against
against [ə'genst]contre ⇒ 1 (a)-(c), 1 (e)-(h), 1 (l), 2 à l'encontre de ⇒ 1 (d) en prévision de ⇒ 1 (i) par rapport à ⇒ 1 (k) en échange de ⇒ 1 (l)(a) (indicating position) contre;∎ he leant his bike (up) against the wall il appuya son vélo contre le mur;∎ she had her nose pressed against the window elle avait le nez écrasé au carreau;∎ put the chairs (back) against the wall remettez les chaises contre le mur;∎ he was standing with his back against the wall il était adossé contre le mur ou au mur(b) (indicating impact) contre;∎ I banged my knee against the chair je me suis cogné le genou contre la chaise;∎ the shutter was banging against the window le volet claquait contre la fenêtre(c) (in the opposite direction to → current, stream, grain) contre(d) (contrary to → rules, principles) à l'encontre de;∎ to go against a trend s'opposer à une ou aller à l'encontre d'une tendance;∎ it's against the law c'est illégal ou contraire à la loi;∎ it's against the law to steal le vol est interdit par la loi;∎ there's no law against it il n'y a pas de loi qui s'y oppose;∎ they sold the farm against my advice/wishes ils ont vendu la ferme sans tenir compte de mes conseils/de ce que je souhaitais(e) (indicating opposition to → person, proposal, government) contre;∎ the fight against inflation/crime la lutte contre l'inflation/la criminalité;∎ to decide against sth décider de ne pas faire qch;∎ to vote against sth voter contre qch;∎ you're either for us or against us tu dois être avec nous ou contre nous;∎ she's against telling him elle trouve qu'on ne devrait pas le lui dire;∎ I advised her against going je lui ai déconseillé d'y aller;∎ what have you got against him/the idea? qu'est-ce que vous avez contre lui/l'idée?;∎ what have you got against going? pourquoi vous n'avez pas envie d'y aller?;∎ to have nothing against sth ne rien avoir contre qch;∎ I've nothing against it je n'ai rien contre(f) (unfavourable to) contre;∎ conditions were against them les conditions leur étaient défavorables;∎ his appearance is against him son physique ne joue pas en sa faveur(g) (in competition with) contre;∎ Football United against Everton United contre Everton;∎ a race against time or the clock une course contre la montre(h) (indicating defence, protection, precaution etc) contre;∎ protected against the cold protégé contre le froid;∎ an injection against measles une injection contre la rougeole;∎ to insure against accidents (insurer) assurer contre les accidents; (client) s'assurer contre les accidents;∎ to be insured against theft être assuré contre le vol;∎ against all risks contre tous les risques∎ to save money against one's retirement faire des économies en prévision de ou pour la retraite(j) (in contrast to) contre, sur;∎ to stand against the light être à contre-jour;∎ the tall chimneys stood out against the sky les hautes cheminées se détachaient sur le ciel;∎ yellow flowers against a green background des fleurs jaunes sur un fond vert;∎ the red stood out against the grey le rouge contrastait avec le gris;∎ figurative these events took place against a background of political violence ces événements ont eu lieu dans un climat de violence politique(k) (in comparison to, in relation to) en comparaison de, par rapport à;∎ to check sth against a list vérifier qch d'après une liste;∎ they cost £10 here (as) against only £7 at the supermarket ils coûtent 10 livres ici contre ou au lieu de 7 livres au supermarché;∎ Finance the dollar rose/fell against the yen le dollar a augmenté/baissé par rapport au yen;∎ to plot the number of passengers against distance travelled (in graph) relever le nombre de voyageurs par rapport à la distance parcourue(l) (in exchange for) contre, en échange de;∎ to issue a ticket against payment of… remettre un ticket en contrepartie du paiement de...;∎ cash is available against presentation of the voucher ce bon peut être échangé contre de l'argent2 adverbcontre;∎ are you for or against? êtes-vous pour ou contre?;∎ the odds are 10 to 1 against (gen) il y a une chance sur dix; (in horseracing) la cote est à 10 contre 1
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