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1 platinum-iridium
Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > platinum-iridium
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2 platinum-iridium
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3 platinum-iridium
Техника: платино-иридий -
4 platinum-iridium
nCHEM platinoiridio m -
5 platinum-iridium
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6 Platinum iridium marker
Медицина: Платиново-иридиевая меткаУниверсальный англо-русский словарь > Platinum iridium marker
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7 platinum-iridium alloy
Универсальный англо-русский словарь > platinum-iridium alloy
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8 platinum-iridium dilatometer
Метрология: платиново-иридиевый дилатометрУниверсальный англо-русский словарь > platinum-iridium dilatometer
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9 platinum-iridium weight
Метрология: платиноиридиевая (эталонная) гиряУниверсальный англо-русский словарь > platinum-iridium weight
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10 platinum-iridium alloy
platynoirydEnglish-Polish dictionary for engineers > platinum-iridium alloy
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11 platinum
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12 platinum metals
pl <chem.gen> (e.g. osmium, iridium, etc.) ■ Platinmetalle pl -
13 платино-иридий
Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > платино-иридий
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14 платино-иридий
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15 platynoiryd
• platinum-iridium alloy• svanbergite -
16 платино-иридий
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17 Deville, Henri Etienne Sainte-Claire
SUBJECT AREA: Metallurgy[br]b. 11 March 1818 St Thomas, Virgin Islandsd. 1 July 1881 Boulogne-sur-Seine, France[br]French chemist and metallurgist, pioneer in the large-scale production of aluminium and other light metals.[br]Deville was the son of a prosperous shipowner with diplomatic duties in the Virgin Islands. With his elder brother Charles, who later became a distinguished physicist, he was sent to Paris to be educated. He took his degree in medicine in 1843, but before that he had shown an interest in chemistry, due particularly to the lectures of Thenard. Two years later, with Thenard's influence, he was appointed Professor of Chemistry at Besançon. In 1851 he was able to return to Paris as Professor at the Ecole Normale Supérieure. He remained there for the rest of his working life, greatly improving the standard of teaching, and his laboratory became one of the great research centres of Europe. His first chemical work had been in organic chemistry, but he then turned to inorganic chemistry, specifically to improve methods of producing the new and little-known metal aluminium. Essentially, the process consisted of forming sodium aluminium trichloride and reducing it with sodium to metallic aluminium. He obtained sodium in sufficient quantity by reducing sodium carbonate with carbon. In 1855 he exhibited specimens of the metal at the Paris Exhibition, and the same year Napoleon III asked to see them, with a view to using it for breastplates for the Army and for spoons and forks for State banquets. With the resulting government support, he set up a pilot plant at Jarvel to develop the process, and then set up a small company, the Société d'Aluminium at Nan terre. This raised the output of this attractive and useful metal, so it could be used more widely than for the jewellery to which it had hitherto been restricted. Large-scale applications, however, had to await the electrolytic process that began to supersede Deville's in the 1890s. Deville extended his sodium reduction method to produce silicon, boron and the light metals magnesium and titanium. His investigations into the metallurgy of platinum revolutionized the industry and led in 1872 to his being asked to make the platinum-iridium (90–10) alloy for the standard kilogram and metre. Deville later carried out important work in high-temperature chemistry. He grieved much at the death of his brother Charles in 1876, and his retirement was forced by declining health in 1880; he did not survive for long.[br]BibliographyDeville published influential books on aluminium and platinum; these and all his publications are listed in the bibliography in the standard biography by J.Gray, 1889, Henri Sainte-Claire Deville: sa vie et ses travaux, Paris.Further ReadingM.Daumas, 1949, "Henri Sainte-Claire Deville et les débuts de l'industrie de l'aluminium", Rev.Hist.Sci 2:352–7.J.C.Chaston, 1981, "Henri Sainte-Claire Deville: his outstanding contributions to the chemistry of the platinum metals", Platinum Metals Review 25:121–8.LRDBiographical history of technology > Deville, Henri Etienne Sainte-Claire
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18 Платиново-иридиевая метка
Medicine: Platinum iridium markerУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > Платиново-иридиевая метка
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19 платино-иридиевый сплав
Engineering: platinum-iridium alloyУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > платино-иридиевый сплав
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20 платино-иридий
Engineering: platinum-iridium
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См. также в других словарях:
iridium — i*rid i*um ([ i]*r[i^]d [i^]*[u^]m), n. [NL., fr. L. iris, iridis, the rainbow. So called from the iridescence of some of its solutions. See {Iris}.] (Chem.) A rare metallic element of atomic number 77, of the same group as platinum, which it… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
iridium — /i rid ee euhm, uy rid /, n. Chem. a precious metallic element resembling platinum: used in platinum alloys and for the points of gold pens. Symbol: Ir; at. wt.: 192.2; at. no.: 77; sp. gr.: 22.4 at 20°C. [1804; < L irid , s. of iris rainbow (see … Universalium
Platinum group — The platinum group (alternatively, the platinum group metals or platinum metals) is a collective name sometimes used for six metallic elements clustered together in the periodic table. These elements are all transition metals, lying in the d… … Wikipedia
Platinum — This article is about the chemical element. For other uses, see Platinum (disambiguation). iridium ← platinum → gold Pd ↑ Pt ↓ Ds … Wikipedia
platinum — /plat n euhm, plat neuhm/, n. 1. Chem. a heavy, grayish white, highly malleable and ductile metallic element, resistant to most chemicals, practically unoxidizable except in the presence of bases, and fusible only at extremely high temperatures:… … Universalium
Iridium — A corrosive resistant element that is sometimes used to harden platinum. Iridium is considered to be a precious metal … Investment dictionary
Iridium — (pronEng|ɪˈrɪdiəm) is a chemical element that has the symbol Ir and atomic number 77. A very hard, brittle, silvery white transition metal of the platinum family, iridium is the second densest element and is the most corrosion resistant metal,… … Wikipedia
iridium — Symbol: Ir Atomic number: 77 Atomic weight: 192.217 Very hard and brittle, silvery metallic transition element. It has a yellowish cast to it. Salts of iridium are highly colored. It is the most corrosion resistant metal known, not attacked by… … Elements of periodic system
Platinum in Africa — Platinum, and platinum group metals, in Africa, are produced in Zimbabwe and the Republic of South Africa. Of the multitudes of companies involved in producing platinum group metals in these two countries, these are the principal… … Wikipedia
Platinum — Plat i*num, n. [NL., fr. Sp. platina, from plata silver, LL. plata a thin plate of metal. See {Plate}, and cf. {Platina}.] (Chem.) A metallic element of atomic number 78, one of the noble metals, classed with silver and gold as a precious metal,… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
Platinum black — Platinum Plat i*num, n. [NL., fr. Sp. platina, from plata silver, LL. plata a thin plate of metal. See {Plate}, and cf. {Platina}.] (Chem.) A metallic element of atomic number 78, one of the noble metals, classed with silver and gold as a… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
