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81 наблюдение
1.observation 2.observingнаблюдения антицентра Галактикиanticenter observationsнаблюдения в белом светеwhite-light observationsнаблюдения в инфракрасном диапазонеinfrared observationsнаблюдения в линии водородаhydrogen line observationsнаблюдения в микроволновом диапазонеmicrowave observationsнаблюдения затменияeclipse observationsнаблюдения источников радиоизлученияradio source observationsнаблюдения качества астрономических изображенийseeing observationsнаблюдения Луныlunar observationsнаблюдения метеоровmeteor observationsнаблюдения планетplanetary observationsнаблюдения прохождений светил через меридианtransit observationsнаблюдения рентгеновского и ультрафиолетового излучения Солнцаsolar X and UV observationsнаблюдения с астролябиейastrolabe observationsнаблюдения с большим базисомlong-baseline observationsнаблюдения с воздушных шаровballoon observationsнаблюдения с высоким разрешениемhigh-resolution observationsнаблюдения с космических аппаратовspacecraft observationsнаблюдения с меридианным кругомmeridian circle observationsнаблюдения Солнцаsolar observationsнаблюдения со спутниковsatellite observationsнаблюдения спутниковsatellite observationsнаблюдения фона космического радиоизлученияbackground observationsабсолютные наблюденияfundamental observationsастрометрические наблюденияastrometric observationsастрономические наблюденияastronomical observationsастрофизические наблюденияastrophysical observationsвизуальные наблюденияvisual observationsвнеатмосферные наблюденияextraterrestrial observationsвысотные наблюдения из атмосферыairborne observationsдифференциальные наблюденияdifferential observationsдополнительные наблюденияintermediate observationsежечасные наблюденияhour observationsинтерференционные наблюденияinterferometer observationsкосвенные наблюдения1.dependent observations 2.indirect observationsлюбительские наблюденияamateur observationsмеридианные наблюденияmeridian observationsназемные наблюденияground-based observationsночные наблюденияnight observationsобзорные наблюденияsurveyобзорные наблюдение из космосаspatial surveyоптические наблюденияoptical observationsотносительные наблюденияdifferential observationsповторное наблюдениеduplicate observationпозиционные наблюденияposition worksполяризационные наблюденияpolarization observationsпрямые наблюденияdirect observationsрадиоастрономические наблюденияradio (astronomical) observationsрадиолокационные наблюденияradar observationsсиноптические наблюдениягфз. synoptic observationsсистематические наблюденияroutine observationsслучайное наблюдениеcausal observationспектральные наблюденияspectral observationsтелескопические наблюденияtelescopic observationsугломерные наблюденияangular observationsфотографические наблюденияphotographic observationsфотометрические наблюденияphotometric worksфотоэлектрические наблюденияphotoelectric observationsфундаментальные наблюденияfundamental observationsшаропилотные наблюденияpilot-ballon observationsширотные наблюденияlatitude observationsэксцентрическое наблюдениегеод. observation at satellite station -
82 управляемый
1. opearted2. mannedуправляемый воздушный шар, аэростат — manned balloon
3. guided4. regulated5. administrable6. controllable7. drivenпривод, управляемый ЭВМ — computer-controlled drive
8. operated9. pilotedсхема, управляемая по каналу пилот-сигнала — pilot wire controlled network
10. steerable11. controlled12. onlineСинонимический ряд:ворочаемый (прил.) ворочаемый; заворачиваемый -
83 Dunne, John William
SUBJECT AREA: Aerospace[br]b. 2 December 1875 Co. Kildare, Irelandd. 24 August 1949 Oxfordshire, England[br]Irish inventor who pioneered tailless aircraft designed to be inherently stable.[br]After serving in the British Army during the Boer War. Dunne returned home convinced that aeroplanes would be more suitable than balloons for reconnaissance work. He built models to test his ideas for a tailless design based on the winged seed of a Javanese climbing plant. In 1906 Dunne joined the staff of the Balloon Factory at Farnborough, where the Superintendent, Colonel J.E.Capper, was also interested in manned kites and aeroplanes. Since 1904 the colourful American "Colonel" S.F. Cody had been experimenting at Farnborough with manned kites, and in 1908 his "British Army Dirigible No. 1" made the first powered flight in Britain. Dunne's first swept-wing tailless glider was ready to fly in the spring of 1907, but it was deemed to be a military secret and flying it at Farnborough would be too public. Dunne, Colonel Capper and a team of army engineers took the glider to a remote site at Blair Atholl in Scotland for its test flights. It was not a great success, although it attracted snoopers, with the result that it was camouflaged. Powered versions made short hops in 1908, but then the War Office withdrew its support. Dunne and his associates set up a syndicate to continue the development of a new tailless aeroplane, the D 5; this was built by Short Brothers (see Short, Hugh Oswald) and flew successfully in 1910. It had combined elevators and ailerons on the wing tips (or elevons as they are now called when fitted to modern delta-winged aircraft). In 1913 an improved version of the D 5 was demonstrated in France, where the pilot left his cockpit and walked along the wing in flight. Dunne had proved his point and designed a stable aircraft, but his health was suffering and he retired. During the First World War, however, it was soon learned that military aircraft needed to be manoeuvrable rather than stable.[br]Bibliography1913, "The theory of the Dunne aeroplane", Journal of the Royal Aeronautical Society (April).After he left aviation, Dunne became well known for his writings on the nature of the universe and the interpretation of dreams. His best known-work was An ExperimentWith Time (1927; and reprints).Further ReadingP.B.Walker, 1971, Early Aviation at Farnborough, Vol. I, London; 1974, Vol. II (provides a detailed account of Dunne's early work; Vol. II is the more relevant).P.Lewis, 1962, British Air craft 1809–1914, London (for details of Dunne's aircraft).JDS -
84 Sopwith, Sir Thomas (Tommy) Octave Murdoch
SUBJECT AREA: Aerospace[br]b. 18 January 1888 London, Englandd. 27 January 1989 Stockbridge, Hampshire, England[br]English aeronautical engineer and industrialist.[br]Son of a successful mining engineer, Sopwith did not shine at school and, having been turned down by the Royal Navy as a result, attended an engineering college. His first interest was motor cars and, while still in his teens, he set up a business in London with a friend in order to sell them; he also took part in races and rallies.Sopwith's interest in aviation came initially through ballooning, and in 1906 he purchased his own balloon. Four years later, inspired by the recent flights across the Channel to France and after a joy-ride at Brooklands, he bought an Avis monoplane, followed by a larger biplane, and taught himself to fly. He was awarded the Royal Aero Society's Aviator Certificate No. 31 on 21 November 1910, and he quickly distinguished himself in flying competitions on both sides of the Atlantic and started his own flying school. In his races he was ably supported by his friend Fred Sigrist, a former motor engineer. Among the people Sopwith taught to fly were an Australian, Harry Hawker, and Major Hugh Trenchard, who later became the "father" of the RAF.In 1912, depressed by the poor quality of the aircraft on trial for the British Army, Sopwith, in conjunction with Hawker and Sigrist, bought a skating rink in Kingston-upon-Thames and, assisted by Fred Sigrist, started to design and build his first aircraft, the Sopwith Hybrid. He sold this to the Royal Navy in 1913, and the following year his aviation manufacturing company became the Sopwith Aviation Company Ltd. That year a seaplane version of his Sopwith Tabloid won the Schneider Trophy in the second running of this speed competition. During 1914–18, Sopwith concentrated on producing fighters (or "scouts" as they were then called), with the Pup, the Camel, the 1½ Strutter, the Snipe and the Sopwith Triplane proving among the best in the war. He also pioneered several ideas to make flying easier for the pilot, and in 1915 he patented his adjustable tailplane and his 1 ½ Strutter was the first aircraft to be fitted with air brakes. During the four years of the First World War, Sopwith Aviation designed thirty-two different aircraft types and produced over 16,000 aircraft.The end of the First World War brought recession to the aircraft industry and in 1920 Sopwith, like many others, put his company into receivership; none the less, he immediately launched a new, smaller company with Hawker, Sigrist and V.W.Eyre, which they called the H.G. Hawker Engineering Company Ltd to avoid any confusion with the former company. He began by producing cars and motor cycles under licence, but was determined to resume aircraft production. He suffered an early blow with the death of Hawker in an air crash in 1921, but soon began supplying aircraft to the Royal Air Force again. In this he was much helped by taking on a new designer, Sydney Camm, in 1923, and during the next decade they produced a number of military aircraft types, of which the Hart light bomber and the Fury fighter, the first to exceed 200 mph (322 km/h), were the best known. In the mid-1930s Sopwith began to build a large aviation empire, acquiring first the Gloster Aircraft Company and then, in quick succession, Armstrong-Whitworth, Armstrong-Siddeley Motors Ltd and its aero-engine counterpart, and A.V.Roe, which produced Avro aircraft. Under the umbrella of the Hawker Siddeley Aircraft Company (set up in 1935) these companies produced a series of outstanding aircraft, ranging from the Hawker Hurricane, through the Avro Lancaster to the Gloster Meteor, Britain's first in-service jet aircraft, and the Hawker Typhoon, Tempest and Hunter. When Sopwith retired as Chairman of the Hawker Siddeley Group in 1963 at the age of 75, a prototype jump-jet (the P-1127) was being tested, later to become the Harrier, a for cry from the fragile biplanes of 1910.Sopwith also had a passion for yachting and came close to wresting the America's Cup from the USA in 1934 when sailing his yacht Endeavour, which incorporated a number of features years ahead of their time; his greatest regret was that he failed in his attempts to win this famous yachting trophy for Britain. After his retirement as Chairman of the Hawker Siddeley Group, he remained on the Board until 1978. The British aviation industry had been nationalized in April 1977, and Hawker Siddeley's aircraft interests merged with the British Aircraft Corporation to become British Aerospace (BAe). Nevertheless, by then the Group had built up a wide range of companies in the field of mechanical and electrical engineering, and its board conferred on Sopwith the title Founder and Life President.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsKnighted 1953. CBE 1918.Bibliography1961, "My first ten years in aviation", Journal of the Royal Aeronautical Society (April) (a very informative and amusing paper).Further ReadingA.Bramson, 1990, Pure Luck: The Authorized Biography of Sir Thomas Sopwith, 1888– 1989, Wellingborough: Patrick Stephens.B.Robertson, 1970, Sopwith. The Man and His Aircraft, London (a detailed publication giving plans of all the Sopwith aircraft).CM / JDSBiographical history of technology > Sopwith, Sir Thomas (Tommy) Octave Murdoch
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См. также в других словарях:
Pilot balloon — Pilot Pi lot, n. [F. pilote, prob. from D. peillood plummet, sounding lead; peilen, pegelen, to sound, measure (fr. D. & G. peil, pegel, a sort of measure, water mark) + lood lead, akin to E. lead. The pilot, then, is the lead man, i. e., he who… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
Pilot balloon — A small, unmanned balloon sent up to indicate the direction of air currents. [Webster 1913 Suppl.] … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
pilot balloon — n. a small balloon sent up to determine the direction and velocity of the wind … English World dictionary
pilot balloon observation — noun A method of winds aloft observation, temperature, and relative humidity of the upper that is, the determination of wind speeds and air and to automatically transmit that directions in the atmosphere above a station. This is done by reading… … Wiktionary
pilot balloon — A small rubber balloon filled with hydrogen or helium. It ascends at a uniform and known rate (i.e., 500 ft/min). A theodolite tracks the balloon, and the wind velocity is thus determined at various levels … Aviation dictionary
pilot balloon — noun meteorological balloon used to observe air currents • Hypernyms: ↑meteorological balloon … Useful english dictionary
pilot balloon — a balloon for the visual observation of upper atmosphere wind currents. [1840 50] * * * … Universalium
pilot balloon — noun A small unmanned balloon whose ascent is followed by a theodolite to obtain data for the computation of the speed and direction of winds in the upper air. Syn: pibal … Wiktionary
pilot balloon — hot air balloon filled with gas and used for observation and information gathering … English contemporary dictionary
pilot balloon — noun a small meteorological balloon used to track air currents … English new terms dictionary
pilot balloon — /ˈpaɪlət bəlun/ (say puyluht buhloohn) noun a balloon used for the visual observation of upper air wind currents, etc …
