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1 BLEND
(noun) ostimë (pl. ostimi is attested). This term refers to a kind of "strengthened" elements within a stem, where a single sound has been expanded into two different elements while maintaining a unitary effect and significance; souch as s- being turned ito st-, or m being strengthened to mb. However, this may be the meaning of the word in linguistic terminology only; it may be permissible to use it for "blend" in more general senses as well. –VT39:9 -
2 THEY, THEM
(3rd person pl. and dual forms): As the pronominal ending for “they”, Tolkien hesitated between -ltë and -ntë. For instance, a verb like “they do” is attested both as cariltë and carintë (VT49:16, 17). In one text, the ending -ltë is marked as archaic or poetic (VT49:17), but in other paradigms no such qualification occurs (VT49:51). The alternative form -nte- occurs in UT:317, with a second pronominal marker (-s “it”, denoting the object) following: Tiruvantes "they will keep it". General considerations of euphony may favour -ltë rather than -ntë (e.g. *quenteltë rather than *quententë for “they spoke” – in the past tense, many verbs end in -ntë even before any pronominal endings are supplied, like quentë “spoke” in this example). The ending -ltë (unlike -ntë) would also conform with the general system that the plural pronominal endings include the plural marker l (VT48:11). – In Tolkien’s early material, the ending -ltë appears as -lto instead (e.g. tulielto “they have come”, LT1:270). – A simple plural verb (with ending -r) can have “they” as its implied subject, as in the example quetir en “they still say” (PE17:167). – In the independent pronouns, distinct forms of may be used depending on whether “they, them” refers to living beings (persons, animals or even plants) or to non-living things or abstracts. The “personal” independent pronoun is te, which may have a long vowel when stressed (té, VT49:51). It is also attested in object position (laita te “bless them”, LotR:989 cf. Letters:308, VT43:20). It can receive case endings, e.g. dative ten (VT49:14; variant forms téna and tien, VT49:14, VT43:12, 21). As the “impersonal” they, them referring to non-living things, Tolkien in some sources used ta (VT43:20; 8, 9), but this apparently caused dissatisfaction because he also wanted ta to be the singular pronoun “that, it”. According to VT49:32, the form tai was introduced as the word for impersonal or inanimate “they, them” (in some places changed to te, apparently suggesting that Tolkien considered using te for both personal and impersonal “they/them”, abandoning the distinction). Another source (VT49:51) lists sa as the pl. impersonal form, but all other published sources use this pronoun for singular impersonal “it”, not pl. “they”. – The object “them” can also be expressed by the ending -t following another pronominal suffix (laituvalmet, “we shall bless [or praise] them", LotR:989 cf Letters:308). Presumably this ending -t makes no distinction between personal and impersonal forms. – Quenya also possesses special dual forms of “they, them”, used where only two persons or things are referred to (none of these pronouns distinguish between personal and impersonal forms). In VT49:16, the old ending for dual “they” is given as -stë (marked as archaic or poetic), but this would clash with the corresponding 2nd person ending. According to VT49:51, this ending was changed (also within the imaginary world) from -stë to -ttë, which seems the better alternative (*carittë, “the two of them do”). The independent dual pronoun is given as tú (ibid.) However, it may also be permissible to use te for “they, them” even where only two persons are involved (te is seemingly used with reference to Frodo and Sam in one of the examples above, laita te “bless them”). – Genitive forms, see THEIR; reflexive pronoun, see THEMSELVES.
См. также в других словарях:
permissible — [pɛʀmisibl] adj. ÉTYM. Mil. XXe; de permettre, d après permission. ❖ ♦ Didact. Que l on peut autoriser, permettre. || « Aux États Unis, cette dose permissible était, pendant plusieurs années, de 100 microwatts par centimètre carré (…) » (Science… … Encyclopédie Universelle
permissible — permissible, permissive, permitted Permissible is spelt ible and means ‘allowable’, having potential force rather than the actual force conveyed by permitted. Permissive means ‘tolerant or liberal in morals’ as in the phrase the permissive… … Modern English usage
Permissible — Per*mis si*ble, a. That may be permitted; allowable; admissible. {Per*mis si*ble*ness}, n. {Per*mis si*bly}, adv. [1913 Webster] … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
permissible — I adjective according to law, admissible, allowable, allowed, amenable to law, approvable, approved, authorized, constitutional, empowered, fitting, franchised, granted, lawful, legal, legally sound, legitimate, licensed, licet, licit, licitus,… … Law dictionary
permissible — (adj.) early 15c., from O.Fr. permissibilis (15c.), from M.L. permiss , pp. stem of permittere (see PERMIT (Cf. permit) (v.)) … Etymology dictionary
permissible — [adj] allowable, legal acceptable, admissible, all right, approved, authorized, bearable, endorsed, kosher*, lawful, legalized, legit*, legitimate, licit, okay*, on the up and up*, permitted, proper, sanctioned, tolerable, tolerated, unforbidden … New thesaurus
permissible — ► ADJECTIVE ▪ allowable; permitted. DERIVATIVES permissibility noun … English terms dictionary
permissible — [pər mis′ə bəl] adj. [ME < MFr < ML permissibilis < L permissus, pp. of permittere] that can be permitted; allowable permissibility n. permissibly adv … English World dictionary
permissible — adj. permissible to + inf. (it is not permissible to smoke in the library) * * * [pə mɪsəb(ə)l] permissible to + inf. (it is not permissible to smoke in the library) … Combinatory dictionary
permissible — [[t]pə(r)mɪ̱səb(ə)l[/t]] ADJ: usu v link ADJ If something is permissible, it is considered to be acceptable because it does not break any laws or rules. Religious practices are permissible under the Constitution... He said it was just not… … English dictionary
permissible — permissibility, permissibleness, n. permissibly, adv. /peuhr mis euh beuhl/, adj. that can be permitted; allowable: a permissible amount of sentimentality under the circumstances; Such behavior is not permissible! [1400 50; late ME < ML… … Universalium
