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1 permanent modification
длительная модификация
Модификация, вызываемая факторами среды и способная сохраняться на протяжении ряда поколений, через определенный промежуток времени организм возвращается к исходному признаку; Д.м. связана с воспроизводящимися в ряду клеточных поколений изменениями цитоплазмы, что сближает ее с материнским эффектом, и возникает, как правило, при вегетативном или партеногенетическом размножении.
[Арефьев В.А., Лисовенко Л.А. Англо-русский толковый словарь генетических терминов 1995 407с.]Тематики
EN
Англо-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > permanent modification
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2 permanent modification
Англо-русский толковый словарь генетических терминов > permanent modification
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3 persistant modification
длительная модификация
Модификация, вызываемая факторами среды и способная сохраняться на протяжении ряда поколений, через определенный промежуток времени организм возвращается к исходному признаку; Д.м. связана с воспроизводящимися в ряду клеточных поколений изменениями цитоплазмы, что сближает ее с материнским эффектом, и возникает, как правило, при вегетативном или партеногенетическом размножении.
[Арефьев В.А., Лисовенко Л.А. Англо-русский толковый словарь генетических терминов 1995 407с.]Тематики
EN
Англо-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > persistant modification
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4 длительная модификация
длительная модификация
Модификация, вызываемая факторами среды и способная сохраняться на протяжении ряда поколений, через определенный промежуток времени организм возвращается к исходному признаку; Д.м. связана с воспроизводящимися в ряду клеточных поколений изменениями цитоплазмы, что сближает ее с материнским эффектом, и возникает, как правило, при вегетативном или партеногенетическом размножении.
[Арефьев В.А., Лисовенко Л.А. Англо-русский толковый словарь генетических терминов 1995 407с.]Тематики
EN
Русско-английский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > длительная модификация
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5 dauermodification
длительная модификация
Модификация, вызываемая факторами среды и способная сохраняться на протяжении ряда поколений, через определенный промежуток времени организм возвращается к исходному признаку; Д.м. связана с воспроизводящимися в ряду клеточных поколений изменениями цитоплазмы, что сближает ее с материнским эффектом, и возникает, как правило, при вегетативном или партеногенетическом размножении.
[Арефьев В.А., Лисовенко Л.А. Англо-русский толковый словарь генетических терминов 1995 407с.]Тематики
EN
Англо-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > dauermodification
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6 модернизация
modification, up-dating▪ Modification is any production alteration of a permanent nature made to an end item, component, or assemblage of materiel which meets the criteria for designation as a modification and exceeds the criteria for accomplishment as another type of alteration.Поставки машин и оборудования. Русско-английский словарь > модернизация
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7 PAM
1) Общая лексика: hum. сокр. Percent Of Accepted Mutations, Professions Allied to Medicine2) Морской термин: пассивный гидроакустический мониторинг, passive acoustic monitoring, Porte Autonome de Marseilles3) Медицина: portative activity monitor, pyridine aldoxime methiodide, pyridine aldoximine methiodide4) Военный термин: Phoenix airborne missile, Procurement Aircraft and Missiles, partial mobilization, payload assist module, permanent active militia, personnel accounting management, personnel action memorandum, planning, activation, modification, post-acceptance modification, priorities and allocations manual, procurement aids man, procurement of aircraft and missiles5) Техника: Pozzolan Aggregate Mixture, Pozzolanic Mixtures, peat-alcohol mixture, phone activities manager, polyacryl amide, portable alpha monitor, post accident monitoring, programmable algorithm machine, programmable arm manipulator, propulsion and avionics module6) Религия: Prayer And Miracles7) Железнодорожный термин: Pittsburgh Allegheny and McKees Rocks Railroad Company8) Юридический термин: дивизион PAM (Emerson Process Management contains the Plant Asset Management (PAM) division within the Asset Optimization (AO) Division), Plant Asset Management9) Сокращение: Pampanga, Payload Assisted Module, Penetration Augmented Munition, Penetration-Augmented Munition (special forces), Permanent Athwartship Magnetism, Pulse Amplification Modulation, Polyciclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon, Pacific Armies Management, Packetized Audio Mixer, Page Allocation Map (CICS), Pamir (linguistics), Parque de Atracciones de Madrid (amusement park), Partitioning Around Medoids (statistics), Partner Account Manager (sales), Pass Along Message, Passband Amplitude Modulation, Password Authentication Module, Patent Application Management, Payload Accommodation Manager, Payload Activation Message, People's Action Movement (Saint Kitts and Nevis), Peptidylglycine Alpha-Amidating Mono-Oxygenase, Percentage Accepted Mutation (bioinformatics), Perceptual Assimilation Model, Performance Archive Manager (Visual Networks), Performance Assessment Matrix, Pericolo in Mare (Italian: in danger at sea; SOS), Peripheral Adapter Module, Permanent Archive Manager, Personal Address Manager, Personal Alien Manager (gaming), Personal Applications Manager, Personnel Authorizations Module, Pertubuhan Akitek Malaysia (Malaysian Institute of Architects), Pesticide Analytical Manual (FDA), Petersen Automotive Museum (Los Angeles, CA), Physical Activity Monitor, Physical Address Mapping, Plant Available Moisture, Pluggable Authentication Modules (information technology), Point Accepted Mutation, Point Ahead Mirror, Pointer Analysis Module, Pole Amplitude Modulation (system of motor windings), Policies and Measures, Policy Analysis Market (DARPA), Poly-Acrylamide, Porcine Alveolar Macrophage, Port Adapter Module, Port to Application Mapping, Portable Alpha Meter (alpha particle detector), Post-Auricular Muscle, Postaccident Monitoring, Power Amplifier Module, Pre-Assessment Meeting, Precision Attack Missile, Predictive Aircraft Maintenance, Presbyterian Association of Musicians, Presence and Availability Management (PAMF), Pressure-Alkali Monitor, Preventive Aerospace Medicine (team; US DoD), Primary Amoebic Meningoencephalitis (medicine), Primary Automation Manager, Princeton Asset Management, Proactive Asset Management, Proactive Automated Management, Problem Analysis Matrix, Process Algebra Meetings, Process Application Module, Procurement, Aircraft & Missiles, Product Application Modules, Production Application Management, Profile Administration Manager, Program Analysis Memorandum, Program Area Manager, Program Assumptions Memorandum, Programma Alimentare Mondiale, Programmable Active Memory, Programmable Attribute Map, Programmable Authentication Module, Programmable Automotive Microprocessor, Programme Against Malnutrition (Lusaka, Zambia), Programme Alimentaire Mondial (French: World Food Program), Progressive Asset Management (Financial West Group), Promise Array Management, Proud Arabian Mare (Breyer mold), Proud Army Mom, Public Access Manager, Public Affairs Manager, Published Application Manager (Citrix Metaframe Utility), Pulmonary Alveolar Macrophage, Pulse Adapter Module, Pulse Amplifier Modulation, Pupil Adjust Mechanism (used on telescopes), Purpose, Audience, Message (writing goals model)10) Физиология: Pregnancy After Miscarriage11) Вычислительная техника: Paging Area Memory, Pluggable Authentication Module, partitioned access method, priority access method, Primary Access Method (BS2000), Programmable Attribute Maps (DRAM, PCI), Pluggable Authentication Module (Linux, LISA), Payload Assist Module (Space), pulse-amplitude modulation, администратор приложений для персонального компьютера12) Иммунология: pulmonary alveolar macrophages, (positive allosteric modulator) позитивный аллостерический модулятор13) Космонавтика: библиотечный метод доступа14) Деловая лексика: Promote Advertise Market15) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: preserved amplitude method16) Сетевые технологии: Port Address Mapping, Port-Assignment Module, Portable Authentication Module, personal application manager, pulse amplitude modulation, администратор приложений для ПК, импульсно-амплитудная модуляция, модуль назначения портов, программа доступа пользователя, Port Adapter Modules (Cisco)17) Полимеры: polyacrylamide18) Автоматика: positive active material19) Химическое оружие: pralidoxime20) Расширение файла: Process Automatic Monitor, Pluggable Authentication Module (library)21) Должность: Professional Audience Member -
8 Pam
1) Общая лексика: hum. сокр. Percent Of Accepted Mutations, Professions Allied to Medicine2) Морской термин: пассивный гидроакустический мониторинг, passive acoustic monitoring, Porte Autonome de Marseilles3) Медицина: portative activity monitor, pyridine aldoxime methiodide, pyridine aldoximine methiodide4) Военный термин: Phoenix airborne missile, Procurement Aircraft and Missiles, partial mobilization, payload assist module, permanent active militia, personnel accounting management, personnel action memorandum, planning, activation, modification, post-acceptance modification, priorities and allocations manual, procurement aids man, procurement of aircraft and missiles5) Техника: Pozzolan Aggregate Mixture, Pozzolanic Mixtures, peat-alcohol mixture, phone activities manager, polyacryl amide, portable alpha monitor, post accident monitoring, programmable algorithm machine, programmable arm manipulator, propulsion and avionics module6) Религия: Prayer And Miracles7) Железнодорожный термин: Pittsburgh Allegheny and McKees Rocks Railroad Company8) Юридический термин: дивизион PAM (Emerson Process Management contains the Plant Asset Management (PAM) division within the Asset Optimization (AO) Division), Plant Asset Management9) Сокращение: Pampanga, Payload Assisted Module, Penetration Augmented Munition, Penetration-Augmented Munition (special forces), Permanent Athwartship Magnetism, Pulse Amplification Modulation, Polyciclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon, Pacific Armies Management, Packetized Audio Mixer, Page Allocation Map (CICS), Pamir (linguistics), Parque de Atracciones de Madrid (amusement park), Partitioning Around Medoids (statistics), Partner Account Manager (sales), Pass Along Message, Passband Amplitude Modulation, Password Authentication Module, Patent Application Management, Payload Accommodation Manager, Payload Activation Message, People's Action Movement (Saint Kitts and Nevis), Peptidylglycine Alpha-Amidating Mono-Oxygenase, Percentage Accepted Mutation (bioinformatics), Perceptual Assimilation Model, Performance Archive Manager (Visual Networks), Performance Assessment Matrix, Pericolo in Mare (Italian: in danger at sea; SOS), Peripheral Adapter Module, Permanent Archive Manager, Personal Address Manager, Personal Alien Manager (gaming), Personal Applications Manager, Personnel Authorizations Module, Pertubuhan Akitek Malaysia (Malaysian Institute of Architects), Pesticide Analytical Manual (FDA), Petersen Automotive Museum (Los Angeles, CA), Physical Activity Monitor, Physical Address Mapping, Plant Available Moisture, Pluggable Authentication Modules (information technology), Point Accepted Mutation, Point Ahead Mirror, Pointer Analysis Module, Pole Amplitude Modulation (system of motor windings), Policies and Measures, Policy Analysis Market (DARPA), Poly-Acrylamide, Porcine Alveolar Macrophage, Port Adapter Module, Port to Application Mapping, Portable Alpha Meter (alpha particle detector), Post-Auricular Muscle, Postaccident Monitoring, Power Amplifier Module, Pre-Assessment Meeting, Precision Attack Missile, Predictive Aircraft Maintenance, Presbyterian Association of Musicians, Presence and Availability Management (PAMF), Pressure-Alkali Monitor, Preventive Aerospace Medicine (team; US DoD), Primary Amoebic Meningoencephalitis (medicine), Primary Automation Manager, Princeton Asset Management, Proactive Asset Management, Proactive Automated Management, Problem Analysis Matrix, Process Algebra Meetings, Process Application Module, Procurement, Aircraft & Missiles, Product Application Modules, Production Application Management, Profile Administration Manager, Program Analysis Memorandum, Program Area Manager, Program Assumptions Memorandum, Programma Alimentare Mondiale, Programmable Active Memory, Programmable Attribute Map, Programmable Authentication Module, Programmable Automotive Microprocessor, Programme Against Malnutrition (Lusaka, Zambia), Programme Alimentaire Mondial (French: World Food Program), Progressive Asset Management (Financial West Group), Promise Array Management, Proud Arabian Mare (Breyer mold), Proud Army Mom, Public Access Manager, Public Affairs Manager, Published Application Manager (Citrix Metaframe Utility), Pulmonary Alveolar Macrophage, Pulse Adapter Module, Pulse Amplifier Modulation, Pupil Adjust Mechanism (used on telescopes), Purpose, Audience, Message (writing goals model)10) Физиология: Pregnancy After Miscarriage11) Вычислительная техника: Paging Area Memory, Pluggable Authentication Module, partitioned access method, priority access method, Primary Access Method (BS2000), Programmable Attribute Maps (DRAM, PCI), Pluggable Authentication Module (Linux, LISA), Payload Assist Module (Space), pulse-amplitude modulation, администратор приложений для персонального компьютера12) Иммунология: pulmonary alveolar macrophages, (positive allosteric modulator) позитивный аллостерический модулятор13) Космонавтика: библиотечный метод доступа14) Деловая лексика: Promote Advertise Market15) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: preserved amplitude method16) Сетевые технологии: Port Address Mapping, Port-Assignment Module, Portable Authentication Module, personal application manager, pulse amplitude modulation, администратор приложений для ПК, импульсно-амплитудная модуляция, модуль назначения портов, программа доступа пользователя, Port Adapter Modules (Cisco)17) Полимеры: polyacrylamide18) Автоматика: positive active material19) Химическое оружие: pralidoxime20) Расширение файла: Process Automatic Monitor, Pluggable Authentication Module (library)21) Должность: Professional Audience Member -
9 pam
1) Общая лексика: hum. сокр. Percent Of Accepted Mutations, Professions Allied to Medicine2) Морской термин: пассивный гидроакустический мониторинг, passive acoustic monitoring, Porte Autonome de Marseilles3) Медицина: portative activity monitor, pyridine aldoxime methiodide, pyridine aldoximine methiodide4) Военный термин: Phoenix airborne missile, Procurement Aircraft and Missiles, partial mobilization, payload assist module, permanent active militia, personnel accounting management, personnel action memorandum, planning, activation, modification, post-acceptance modification, priorities and allocations manual, procurement aids man, procurement of aircraft and missiles5) Техника: Pozzolan Aggregate Mixture, Pozzolanic Mixtures, peat-alcohol mixture, phone activities manager, polyacryl amide, portable alpha monitor, post accident monitoring, programmable algorithm machine, programmable arm manipulator, propulsion and avionics module6) Религия: Prayer And Miracles7) Железнодорожный термин: Pittsburgh Allegheny and McKees Rocks Railroad Company8) Юридический термин: дивизион PAM (Emerson Process Management contains the Plant Asset Management (PAM) division within the Asset Optimization (AO) Division), Plant Asset Management9) Сокращение: Pampanga, Payload Assisted Module, Penetration Augmented Munition, Penetration-Augmented Munition (special forces), Permanent Athwartship Magnetism, Pulse Amplification Modulation, Polyciclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon, Pacific Armies Management, Packetized Audio Mixer, Page Allocation Map (CICS), Pamir (linguistics), Parque de Atracciones de Madrid (amusement park), Partitioning Around Medoids (statistics), Partner Account Manager (sales), Pass Along Message, Passband Amplitude Modulation, Password Authentication Module, Patent Application Management, Payload Accommodation Manager, Payload Activation Message, People's Action Movement (Saint Kitts and Nevis), Peptidylglycine Alpha-Amidating Mono-Oxygenase, Percentage Accepted Mutation (bioinformatics), Perceptual Assimilation Model, Performance Archive Manager (Visual Networks), Performance Assessment Matrix, Pericolo in Mare (Italian: in danger at sea; SOS), Peripheral Adapter Module, Permanent Archive Manager, Personal Address Manager, Personal Alien Manager (gaming), Personal Applications Manager, Personnel Authorizations Module, Pertubuhan Akitek Malaysia (Malaysian Institute of Architects), Pesticide Analytical Manual (FDA), Petersen Automotive Museum (Los Angeles, CA), Physical Activity Monitor, Physical Address Mapping, Plant Available Moisture, Pluggable Authentication Modules (information technology), Point Accepted Mutation, Point Ahead Mirror, Pointer Analysis Module, Pole Amplitude Modulation (system of motor windings), Policies and Measures, Policy Analysis Market (DARPA), Poly-Acrylamide, Porcine Alveolar Macrophage, Port Adapter Module, Port to Application Mapping, Portable Alpha Meter (alpha particle detector), Post-Auricular Muscle, Postaccident Monitoring, Power Amplifier Module, Pre-Assessment Meeting, Precision Attack Missile, Predictive Aircraft Maintenance, Presbyterian Association of Musicians, Presence and Availability Management (PAMF), Pressure-Alkali Monitor, Preventive Aerospace Medicine (team; US DoD), Primary Amoebic Meningoencephalitis (medicine), Primary Automation Manager, Princeton Asset Management, Proactive Asset Management, Proactive Automated Management, Problem Analysis Matrix, Process Algebra Meetings, Process Application Module, Procurement, Aircraft & Missiles, Product Application Modules, Production Application Management, Profile Administration Manager, Program Analysis Memorandum, Program Area Manager, Program Assumptions Memorandum, Programma Alimentare Mondiale, Programmable Active Memory, Programmable Attribute Map, Programmable Authentication Module, Programmable Automotive Microprocessor, Programme Against Malnutrition (Lusaka, Zambia), Programme Alimentaire Mondial (French: World Food Program), Progressive Asset Management (Financial West Group), Promise Array Management, Proud Arabian Mare (Breyer mold), Proud Army Mom, Public Access Manager, Public Affairs Manager, Published Application Manager (Citrix Metaframe Utility), Pulmonary Alveolar Macrophage, Pulse Adapter Module, Pulse Amplifier Modulation, Pupil Adjust Mechanism (used on telescopes), Purpose, Audience, Message (writing goals model)10) Физиология: Pregnancy After Miscarriage11) Вычислительная техника: Paging Area Memory, Pluggable Authentication Module, partitioned access method, priority access method, Primary Access Method (BS2000), Programmable Attribute Maps (DRAM, PCI), Pluggable Authentication Module (Linux, LISA), Payload Assist Module (Space), pulse-amplitude modulation, администратор приложений для персонального компьютера12) Иммунология: pulmonary alveolar macrophages, (positive allosteric modulator) позитивный аллостерический модулятор13) Космонавтика: библиотечный метод доступа14) Деловая лексика: Promote Advertise Market15) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: preserved amplitude method16) Сетевые технологии: Port Address Mapping, Port-Assignment Module, Portable Authentication Module, personal application manager, pulse amplitude modulation, администратор приложений для ПК, импульсно-амплитудная модуляция, модуль назначения портов, программа доступа пользователя, Port Adapter Modules (Cisco)17) Полимеры: polyacrylamide18) Автоматика: positive active material19) Химическое оружие: pralidoxime20) Расширение файла: Process Automatic Monitor, Pluggable Authentication Module (library)21) Должность: Professional Audience Member -
10 PAM
PAM, partial mobilization (expansion plan)————————PAM, partial mobilization————————PAM, payload assist module————————PAM, permanent active militia————————PAM, personnel accounting management————————PAM, personnel action memorandum————————PAM, Phoenix airborne missileавиационная ракета "Феникс"————————PAM, planning, activation, modificationпланирование, ввод в строй, модификация————————PAM, post-acceptance modification————————PAM, priorities and allocations manual————————PAM, procurement aids man————————PAM, procurement of aircraft and missilesзакупки самолетов, вертолетов и ракетEnglish-Russian dictionary of planing, cross-planing and slotting machines > PAM
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11 PMR
1) Компьютерная техника: Problem Management Record3) Военный термин: Pacific Missile Range, Provisioning Master Record, permanent military representative, planned maintenance requirements, preliminary materials review, primary mission readiness, procurement management review, program management review, project management report, property movement request4) Техника: paramagnetic resonance, passive microwave radar, plant modification request, pressure modulation radiometer, project manager report, projection micro radiography5) Страхование: РПМ (preventive measures reserve)6) Оптика: phase-modulating receptacle7) Телекоммуникации: Personal Mobile Radio8) Сокращение: Pacific Missile Range (USA), Pritsepniy Minniy Zagraditel (Towed minelayer (Russia)), proportional mortality ratio, polymyalgia rheumatica9) Электроника: Perpendicular Magnetic Recording (технология перпендикулярной записи данных на жёсткие диски, т.е. с направлением магнитного поля перпендикулярно поверхности носителя)10) Вычислительная техника: Poor Man's Routing, Problem Management Report (IBM)11) Биохимия: Proton Magnetic Resonance12) Транспорт: Peking Mukden Railway13) Фирменный знак: Pacific Monarch Resorts14) Деловая лексика: Productive Merchandise Recovery15) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: Pre-Mixed Refrigerant16) Сетевые технологии: Peak Message Rate17) Полимеры: propellant mass ratio18) Сахалин Р: precool mixed refrigerant19) Химическое оружие: Project Management Review20) Расширение файла: Performance Monitor Data21) Высокочастотная электроника: private mobile radio22) Аэропорты: Palmerston, North Island, New Zealand -
12 Pmr
1) Компьютерная техника: Problem Management Record3) Военный термин: Pacific Missile Range, Provisioning Master Record, permanent military representative, planned maintenance requirements, preliminary materials review, primary mission readiness, procurement management review, program management review, project management report, property movement request4) Техника: paramagnetic resonance, passive microwave radar, plant modification request, pressure modulation radiometer, project manager report, projection micro radiography5) Страхование: РПМ (preventive measures reserve)6) Оптика: phase-modulating receptacle7) Телекоммуникации: Personal Mobile Radio8) Сокращение: Pacific Missile Range (USA), Pritsepniy Minniy Zagraditel (Towed minelayer (Russia)), proportional mortality ratio, polymyalgia rheumatica9) Электроника: Perpendicular Magnetic Recording (технология перпендикулярной записи данных на жёсткие диски, т.е. с направлением магнитного поля перпендикулярно поверхности носителя)10) Вычислительная техника: Poor Man's Routing, Problem Management Report (IBM)11) Биохимия: Proton Magnetic Resonance12) Транспорт: Peking Mukden Railway13) Фирменный знак: Pacific Monarch Resorts14) Деловая лексика: Productive Merchandise Recovery15) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: Pre-Mixed Refrigerant16) Сетевые технологии: Peak Message Rate17) Полимеры: propellant mass ratio18) Сахалин Р: precool mixed refrigerant19) Химическое оружие: Project Management Review20) Расширение файла: Performance Monitor Data21) Высокочастотная электроника: private mobile radio22) Аэропорты: Palmerston, North Island, New Zealand -
13 pmr
1) Компьютерная техника: Problem Management Record3) Военный термин: Pacific Missile Range, Provisioning Master Record, permanent military representative, planned maintenance requirements, preliminary materials review, primary mission readiness, procurement management review, program management review, project management report, property movement request4) Техника: paramagnetic resonance, passive microwave radar, plant modification request, pressure modulation radiometer, project manager report, projection micro radiography5) Страхование: РПМ (preventive measures reserve)6) Оптика: phase-modulating receptacle7) Телекоммуникации: Personal Mobile Radio8) Сокращение: Pacific Missile Range (USA), Pritsepniy Minniy Zagraditel (Towed minelayer (Russia)), proportional mortality ratio, polymyalgia rheumatica9) Электроника: Perpendicular Magnetic Recording (технология перпендикулярной записи данных на жёсткие диски, т.е. с направлением магнитного поля перпендикулярно поверхности носителя)10) Вычислительная техника: Poor Man's Routing, Problem Management Report (IBM)11) Биохимия: Proton Magnetic Resonance12) Транспорт: Peking Mukden Railway13) Фирменный знак: Pacific Monarch Resorts14) Деловая лексика: Productive Merchandise Recovery15) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: Pre-Mixed Refrigerant16) Сетевые технологии: Peak Message Rate17) Полимеры: propellant mass ratio18) Сахалин Р: precool mixed refrigerant19) Химическое оружие: Project Management Review20) Расширение файла: Performance Monitor Data21) Высокочастотная электроника: private mobile radio22) Аэропорты: Palmerston, North Island, New Zealand -
14 traité
mдоговор; международный договор; международное соглашениеconclure un traité — заключать международный договор;
dénoncer un traité — денонсировать международный договор;
à moins que le traité n'en dispose autrement — в случае, когда договор непредусматривает иного;
négocier un traité — вести переговоры о заключении международного договора;
proroger un traité — продлевать действие международного договора;
traité d'amitié, de commerce et de navigation — договор о дружбе, торговле и мореплавании
- traité d'aide judiciairetraité authentifié en plusieurs langues — международный договор, аутентичность текста которого установлена на нескольких языках
- traité d'alliance
- traité d'alliance défensive
- traité amendé
- traité d'amitié
- traité d'annexion
- traité antérieur
- traité d'apport
- traité d'arbitrage
- traité d'arbitrage permanent
- traité d'assistance judiciaire
- traité d'assistance mutuelle
- traité bilatéral
- traité cadre
- traité de caractère universel
- traité codificateur
- traité collectif
- traité de commerce
- traité de commerce et de navigation
- traité de conciliation
- traité constitutif
- traité couverture
- traité déclaratoire
- traité de délimitation
- traité diplomatique
- double traité
- traité de droit civil
- traité d'entraide judiciaire
- traité d'établissement
- traité entre Etats
- traité d'excédent
- traité d'extradition
- traité fermé
- traité frontalier
- traité de fusion
- traité de garantie
- traité général
- traité général d'arbitrage
- traité illégal
- traité inégal
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- traité international
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- traité limité dans le temps
- traité de limites
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- traité multilatéral
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15 order
приказ, приказание, распоряжение; строй; порядок; орден; мор. ордер; приказывать; приводить в порядок; см. тж. formation443 requisition order — Бр. заявка по форме 443 (на использование местности для учений)
disseminate an order (to) — доводить приказ до сведения;
record an (oral) order verbatim — производить дословную запись (устного) приказа;
standfast order (to civilians) — приказ (гражданскому населению) оставаться на месте жительства (при чрезвычайном положении)
stay-put order (to civilians) — приказ (гражданскому населению) оставаться на месте жительства (при чрезвычайном положении)
under the orders (of) — подчиненный, приданный
— administrative logistics order— draft operation order— fragmentary mission-type order— laudatory orders— marching order— order up— sample operation order— withdrawal operation order* * *• 1) приказывать; 2) приказывать; 3) приказанный• приказ -
16 Swan, Sir Joseph Wilson
[br]b. 31 October 1828 Sunderland, Englandd. 27 May 1914 Warlingham, Surrey, England[br]English chemist, inventor in Britain of the incandescent electric lamp and of photographic processes.[br]At the age of 14 Swan was apprenticed to a Sunderland firm of druggists, later joining John Mawson who had opened a pharmacy in Newcastle. While in Sunderland Swan attended lectures at the Athenaeum, at one of which W.E. Staite exhibited electric-arc and incandescent lighting. The impression made on Swan prompted him to conduct experiments that led to his demonstration of a practical working lamp in 1879. As early as 1848 he was experimenting with carbon as a lamp filament, and by 1869 he had mounted a strip of carbon in a vessel exhausted of air as completely as was then possible; however, because of residual air, the filament quickly failed.Discouraged by the cost of current from primary batteries and the difficulty of achieving a good vacuum, Swan began to devote much of his attention to photography. With Mawson's support the pharmacy was expanded to include a photographic business. Swan's interest in making permanent photographic records led him to patent the carbon process in 1864 and he discovered how to make a sensitive dry plate in place of the inconvenient wet collodian process hitherto in use. He followed this success with the invention of bromide paper, the subject of a British patent in 1879.Swan resumed his interest in electric lighting. Sprengel's invention of the mercury pump in 1865 provided Swan with the means of obtaining the high vacuum he needed to produce a satisfactory lamp. Swan adopted a technique which was to become an essential feature in vacuum physics: continuing to heat the filament during the exhaustion process allowed the removal of absorbed gases. The inventions of Gramme, Siemens and Brush provided the source of electrical power at reasonable cost needed to make the incandescent lamp of practical service. Swan exhibited his lamp at a meeting in December 1878 of the Newcastle Chemical Society and again the following year before an audience of 700 at the Newcastle Literary and Philosophical Society. Swan's failure to patent his invention immediately was a tactical error as in November 1879 Edison was granted a British patent for his original lamp, which, however, did not go into production. Parchmentized thread was used in Swan's first commercial lamps, a material soon superseded by the regenerated cellulose filament that he developed. The cellulose filament was made by extruding a solution of nitro-cellulose in acetic acid through a die under pressure into a coagulating fluid, and was used until the ultimate obsolescence of the carbon-filament lamp. Regenerated cellulose became the first synthetic fibre, the further development and exploitation of which he left to others, the patent rights for the process being sold to Courtaulds.Swan also devised a modification of Planté's secondary battery in which the active material was compressed into a cellular lead plate. This has remained the central principle of all improvements in secondary cells, greatly increasing the storage capacity for a given weight.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsKnighted 1904. FRS 1894. President, Institution of Electrical Engineers 1898. First President, Faraday Society 1904. Royal Society Hughes Medal 1904. Chevalier de la Légion d'Honneur 1881.Bibliography2 January 1880, British patent no. 18 (incandescent electric lamp).24 May 1881, British patent no. 2,272 (improved plates for the Planté cell).1898, "The rise and progress of the electrochemical industries", Journal of the Institution of Electrical Engineers 27:8–33 (Swan's Presidential Address to the Institution of Electrical Engineers).Further ReadingM.E.Swan and K.R.Swan, 1968, Sir Joseph Wilson Swan F.R.S., Newcastle upon Tyne (a detailed account).R.C.Chirnside, 1979, "Sir Joseph Swan and the invention of the electric lamp", IEEElectronics and Power 25:96–100 (a short, authoritative biography).GWBiographical history of technology > Swan, Sir Joseph Wilson
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