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81 tooling
1) технологическая оснастка; инструментальная оснастка2) инструменты, режущие инструменты•- 50-taper toolingtooling up — оснащение ( станка) инструментами и приспособлениями
- angle-head tooling
- ANSI vee tooling
- assembly tooling
- automatic size control tooling
- back tooling
- backup tooling
- blazed carbon tipped tooling
- block tooling
- block-style tooling
- built-up tooling
- carbide inserted tooling
- carbide-tipped tooling
- ceramic tipped tooling
- chip removal tooling
- cluster tooling
- CNC tooling
- coated tooling
- combination tooling
- custom tooling
- dedicated tooling
- deep hole tooling
- delicate tooling
- diamond tooling
- die tooling
- double D tooling
- driven tooling
- durable tooling
- end-of-arm tooling
- fast-change tooling
- fast-indexing tooling
- ganged tooling
- gang-type tooling
- high-speed carbide tooling
- indexable-insert tooling
- insert tooling
- ISO 50 tooling
- ISO tooling
- linear tooling
- live tooling
- long-taper tooling
- machine tooling
- machining-center-type tooling
- master tooling
- modular component tooling
- modular tooling
- multigrip tooling
- multihead tooling
- multiple tooling
- off-the-shelf tooling
- one-piece tooling
- palletized tooling
- parallel shank tooling
- part family tooling
- part-separation tooling
- PCD tooling
- peripheral tooling
- perishable tooling
- permanent-set tooling
- power-driven tooling
- powered tooling
- preset tooling
- presettable tooling
- production tooling
- quick-change tooling
- radial tooling
- redundant tooling
- robot tooling
- rotary tooling
- set tooling
- short-taper tooling
- single D tooling
- single-point tooling
- sister tooling
- snap-change tooling
- solid carbide tooling
- spindle tooling
- split-design tooling
- static tooling
- straight-shank tooling
- support tooling
- templet tooling
- through-coolant tooling
- throwaway tooling
- top tooling
- triangular-shank tooling
- tungsten carbide tooling
- turret tooling
- V-flange tooling
- workpiece support toolingEnglish-Russian dictionary of mechanical engineering and automation > tooling
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82 constant
con·stant [ʼkɒn(t)stənt, Am ʼkɑ:n(t)-] n math, physthe fundamental \constants in life are birth and death Geburt und Tod sind die Grundkonstanten des Lebens adj1) ( continuous) dauernd, ständig, permanent;we had \constant rain es hat ununterbrochen geregnet;\constant bickering unaufhörliches Gezänk;\constant chatter permanentes Schwatzen;\constant noise ständiger Lärm;to have \constant pain ständigen Schmerzen ausgesetzt sein;\constant scrutiny Routineüberprüfungen fpl;\constant shelling ununterbrochene Bombardierung;\constant surveillance regelmäßige Überwachung\constant amount/ level konstante Menge/konstantes Niveau;\constant support unablässige Unterstützung;\constant temperature gleich bleibende [o konstante] Temperatur3) ( loyal) treu4) ( frequent) fortwährend, unaufhörlich;to be in \constant trouble with sb ständig Probleme mit jdm haben;\constant use ständiger Gebrauch -
83 loan
[ləʊn, Am loʊn] na $50,000 \loan ein Darlehen über $50,000;an unsecured \loan ein ungesicherter Kredit;to take out a \loan ein Darlehen aufnehmen;to get a \loan ein Darlehen [o einen Kredit] bekommena permanent \loan eine Dauerleihgabe;to be on \loan verliehen sein;the exhibit is on \loan from another museum das Ausstellungsstück ist die Leihgabe eines anderen Museums; -
84 secure
1)(certain, permanent) sicher;\secure job sicherer Arbeitsplatz;financially \secure finanziell abgesichert3) ( safely guarded) bewacht;( safe against interception) abhörsicher;\secure against theft diebstahlsicher;\secure mental hospital/ unit geschlossene psychiatrische Klinik/Abteilung;to make sth \secure against attack etw gegen Angriffe sicherncheck that the door is \secure schau nach, ob die Tür auch wirklich zu ist;to make a boat \secure ein Boot festmachen vt1) ( obtain)to \secure sth sich dat etw sichern, etw garantieren;2) ( make safe)to \secure sth etw [ab]sichern;3) ( fasten)to \secure a door/ a window eine Tür/ein Fenster fest schließen4) ( guarantee repayment of)to \secure sth etw absichern;to \secure a loan für einen Kredit Sicherheit stellen; -
85 strong
1) ( powerful) stark;this put him under a \strong temptation to steal it er geriet stark in Versuchung, es zu stehlen;danger! \strong currents - do not swim here! Achtung! starke Strömung - Schwimmen verboten!;\strong bonds starke Bande;\strong coffee starker Kaffee;\strong competition starker Wettbewerb;\strong desire brennendes Verlangen;\strong doubts erhebliche Zweifel;\strong economy leistungsfähige [o gesunde] Wirtschaft;\strong evidence schlagender Beweis;\strong impression prägender Eindruck;( impressive) sehr guter Eindruck;\strong incentive großer Anreiz;\strong influence großer Einfluss;\strong language ( vulgar) derbe Ausdrucksweise;\strong lenses starke [Brillen]gläser;\strong likeness frappierende [o verblüffende] Ähnlichkeit;to take \strong measures against sb/ sth energisch gegen jdn/etw vorgehen;\strong medicine starkes Medikament;to produce \strong memories lebhafte Erinnerungen hervorrufen;\strong policies überzeugende Politik;\strong praise großes Lob;\strong protest scharfer [o energischer] Protest;\strong reaction heftige Reaktion;to have \strong reason to do sth gute Gründe haben, etw zu tun;there is \strong reason to... es gibt einige Anzeichen dafür, dass...;\strong resistance erbitterter Widerstand;\strong rivalry ausgeprägte Rivalität;\strong smell strenger Geruch;in the \strongest of terms sehr energisch;\strong trading links umfangreiche Handelsbeziehungen;a \strong will ein starker Wille;\strong winds heftige [o starke] Winde;\strong wish großer Wunsch;\strong yearning starke Sehnsucht2) ( effective) gut, stark;she's the \strongest candidate sie ist die beste Kandidatin;to be \strong on sth gut in etw dat sein;tact is not her \strong point Takt ist nicht gerade ihre Stärke3) ( physically powerful) kräftig, stark;( healthy) gesund, kräftig;\strong constitution robuste Konstitution;\strong eyes gute Augen;to have \strong nerves [or a \strong stomach]; ( fig) allerhand verkraften können, sehr belastbar sein4) ( robust) stabil;5) ( deep-seated) überzeugt;I felt \strong sympathy for him after all his misfortune er tat mir sehr leid nach all seinem Pech;\strong conviction feste Überzeugung;\strong fear große Angst;\strong objections starke Einwände;\strong opinion vorgefasste Meinung;\strong tendency deutliche [o klare] Tendenz;to have \strong views on sth eine Meinung über etw akk energisch vertreten6) ( staunch)to be a \strong believer in sth fest an etw akk glauben;\strong friends loyale [o treue] Freunde;\strong friendship unerschütterliche Freundschaft;\strong opponent überzeugter Gegner/überzeugte Gegnerin;\strong supporter überzeugter Anhänger/überzeugte Anhängerin7) ( very likely) groß, hoch, stark;\strong chances of success hohe [o gute] Erfolgsaussichten;our club is currently about eighty \strong unser Club hat derzeit 80 Mitglieder [o ist derzeit 80 Mann stark];9) ( marked) stark;\strong accent starker Akzent\strong light grelles Licht\strong odour penetranter [o strenger] Geruch;\strong smell beißender [o stechender] Geruchhe's always coming on \strong to me er macht mich permanent an;to come on too \strong sich akk zu sehr aufregen, übertrieben reagieren; -
86 tenure
ten·ure [ʼtenjəʳ, Am -ɚ] n( form)security of \tenure Kündigungsschutz mthey have another two years \tenure sie haben noch zwei weitere Jahre Pachtrecht\tenure as a commander Dienstzeit f als Kommandeur;her tenure of the premiership was threatened ihr Amt als Premierministerin war in Gefahrthe only position in the department having \tenure is the chair die einzige feste Stelle in der Abteilung ist der Vorsitz -
87 COREPER
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88 Federal Open Market Committee
Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) (AE) ECON Fed-Offenmarktausschuss m (Offenmarktausschuss des Federal Reserve System; the key policy-making committee of the Fed, 7 Fed-Governors plus the President of the FRBNY are permanent voting members, four Presidents of the other FRBs are alternating or rotating members, entscheidet über die Geldpolitik = monetary policy)Englisch-Deutsch Fachwörterbuch der Wirtschaft > Federal Open Market Committee
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89 Federal Reserve Board of Governors
Federal Reserve Board of Governors (AE) BANK, ECON Federal Reserve Board of Governors mpl, US-Zentralbankvorstand m (the 7 members are permanent voting members of the FOMC, die 7 Mitglieder haben kraft Amtes Sitz und Stimme im FOMC, oberstes Fed-Entscheidungsorgan mit Weisungsbefugnis gegenüber den FRB)Englisch-Deutsch Fachwörterbuch der Wirtschaft > Federal Reserve Board of Governors
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90 FOMC
FOMC (Abk. für AE Federal Open Market Committee) ECON Offenmarktausschuss m des Federal Reserve System, Fed-Offenmarktausschuss m (key policy-making committee of the Fed, 7 Fed-Governors plus the President of the FRBNY are permanent voting members, four Presidents of the other FRBs are alternating or rotating members, entscheidet über die Geldpolitik = monetary policy) -
91 Section II. Concluding and Transitional Provisions
1. The Constitution of the Russian Federation shall come into force from the moment of its official publication according to the results of a nationwide referendum.The day of the nationwide referendum of December 12, 1993 shall be considered to be the day of adopting the Constitution of the Russian Federation. Simultaneously The Constitution of Russia (Fundamental Law) of the Russian Federation – Russia, adopted on April 12, 1978 with all amendments and changes, shall become invalid. In case of non-compliance with the Constitution of the Russian Federation of the provisions of the Federal treaty – the Treaty on the Division of Subjects of Jurisdiction and Powers Between the Federal Bodies of State Power of the Russian Federation and the Bodies of Authority of the Sovereign Republics within the Russian Federation, the Treaty on the Division of Subjects of Jurisdiction and Powers Between the Federal Bodies of State Power of the Russian Federation and the Bodies of Authority of the Territories, Regions, Cities of Moscow and St. Petersburg of the Russian Federation, the Treaty on the Division of Subjects of Jurisdiction and Powers Between the Federal Bodies of State Power of the Russian Federation and the Bodies of Authority of the Autonomous Region, and Autonomous Areas within the Russian Federation, and also other treaties concluded between the federal bodies of state authority of the Russian Federation and bodies of state authority of the subjects of the Russian Federation, treaties between the bodies of state authority of the subjects of the Russian Federation, the provisions of the Constitution of the Russian Federation shall be applicable. 2. The laws and other legal acts acting in the territory of the Russian Federation before the given Constitution comes into force shall be applied in that part which does not contradict the Constitution of the Russian Federation. 3. The President of the Russian Federation, elected according to The Constitution of Russia (Fundamental Law) of the Russian Federation – Russia, since the given Constitution comes into force, since carry out the powers fixed in it until the term of office for which he was elected expires. 4. The Council of Ministers (Government) of the Russian Federation from the moment when the given Constitution comes into force shall acquire the rights, obligations and responsibilities of the Government of the Russian Federation fixed by the Constitution of the Russian Federation and since then shall be called the Government of the Russian Federation. 5. The courts of the Russian Federation shall administer justice according to their powers fixed by the given Constitution. After the Constitution comes into force, the judges of all the courts of the Russian Federation shall retain their powers until the term they were elected for expires. Vacant positions shall be filled in according to the rules fixed by the given Constitution. 6. Until the adoption and coming into force of the federal law establishing the rules for considering cases by a court of jury, the existing rules of court examination of corresponding cases shall be preserved. Until the criminal procedure legislation of the Russian Federation is brought into conformity with the provisions of the present Constitution, the previous rules for arrest, detention and keeping in custody of people suspected of committing crime shall be preserved. 7. The Council of the Federation of the first convocation and the State Duma of the first convocation shall be elected for a period of two years. 8. The Council of the Federation shall meet in its first sitting on the thirtieth day after its election. The first sitting of the Council of the Federation shall be opened by the President of the Russian Federation. 9. A deputy of the State Duma of the first convocation may be simultaneously a member of the Government of the Russian Federation. The provisions of the present Constitution on the immunity of deputies in that part which concerns the actions (inaction) connected with fulfillment of office duties shall not extend to the deputies of the State Duma, members of the Government of the Russian Federation. The deputies of the Council of the Federation of the first convocation shall exercise their powers on a non-permanent basis. __________ <На русском языке см. [ref dict="The Constitution of Russia (Russian)"]Раздел II. Заключительные и переходные положения[/ref]> <На немецком языке см. [ref dict="The Constitution of Russia (German)"]Abschnitt II. Die Schluss- und Uebergangsbestimmungen[/ref]> <На французском языке см. [ref dict="The Constitution of Russia (French)"]Titre II. Les Dispositions finales et transitoires[/ref]>The Constitution of Russia. English-Russian dictionary > Section II. Concluding and Transitional Provisions
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92 a square shooter
амер.; разг.честный, порядочный человек, человек, ведущий честную игру [происходит от выражения shoot square или straight; см. shoot square]I don't know why I'm telling you all this except that - well, you were nice to me and you're a square shooter and I like you. (E. S. Gardner, ‘The D. A. Breaks an Egg’, ch. 5) — Не знаю, зачем я все это вам рассказываю. Может быть, потому, что вы человек порядочный, хорошо ко мне отнеслись и мне нравитесь.
You and I know each other pretty well... You've been a square shooter. I'd like to make it permanent. (E. S. Gardner, ‘Fools Die on Friday’, ch. 19) — Мы неплохо знаем друг друга. Ты всегда была мне преданным другом. Я хотел бы, чтобы мы навсегда связали наши жизни.
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93 casting
1) бросание, метание2) заброс; замёт3) геол. выброс4) литьё; отливка; заливка5) формование6) полигр. стереотип7) строит. сборное железобетонное изделие8) литейный9) разливочный• -
94 mould
1. n форма; лекало, шаблон2. n метал. литейная форма, изложница, мельда3. n метал. редк. отливка4. n метал. полигр. матрица5. n метал. стр. опалубка для бетона6. n метал. архит. багет; калёвка, профиль; раскладка7. n метал. пудинг или желе, приготовленные в формеinjected into the mould — отлил в форму; отлитый в форму
injected into a mould — отлил в форму; отлитый в форму
8. n метал. характерcast in the same mould — одинаковый ;
9. v отливать в форму, формовать10. v формовать; разделывать11. v делать по шаблону12. v формировать; создавать13. n взрыхлённая земля14. n с. -х. перегной, гумус15. n поэт. уст. земля, почва16. n поэт. диал. могила17. n поэт. уст. прах18. v насыпать землю; засыпать землёй19. n плесень; плесенный грибок20. v покрываться плесенью; плесневеть21. v оставаться без употребленияthese books lie moulding — эти книги лежат без применения, этими книгами не пользуются
Синонимический ряд:1. form (noun) cavity; die; form; matrix; model; pattern; shape2. fungus (noun) decay; fungus; mildew; parasite3. order (noun) breed; cast; caste; character; class; cut; description; distinctive nature; feather; ilk; kind; lot; manner; nature; order; persuasion; sort; species; stamp; stripe; type; variety4. decay (verb) break up; crumble; decay; decompose; mildew; moulder; putrefy; rot; rust; spoil5. form (verb) form; model; shape6. influence (verb) bend; convert; develop; govern; influence; transfigure; transform7. make (verb) assemble; build; construct; fabricate; fashion; forge; form; frame; make; manufacture; model; produce; put together; shape -
95 unit
1. единица; единое целое2. единица измерения наборных элементов, равная 13. элемент; агрегат; аппарат; установка; секция; узел4. печатная секция; секция печатной машиныunits to the em — количество единиц в эме, величина эма
absolute unit — единица измерения в абсолютной системе, абсолютная единица
adding unit — счётное устройство, счётный аппарат
aerograph unit — аэрограф; краскораспылитель
alcohol damping unit — спиртовой увлажняющий аппарат, увлажняющий аппарат, работающий на водно-спиртовом растворе
5. устройство для предотвращения слипания6. устройство, предотвращающее оседание пылиarch-type unit — секция арочного типа, пятицилиндровая печатная секция
7. воздуходувное устройствоdisplay unit — устройство отображения; дисплей
8. секция нагнетания воздухаbuilt-in corner-cutting unit — встроенное устройство для обрубки углов, встроенная углорубилка
90° bump turn unit — поворотное устройство, устройство для поворота на 90°
casting unit — отливное устройство, отливной аппарат
9. двухкрасочная печатная секция10. секция для двусторонней печатиcolor matching unit — устройство для сравнения колористических характеристик краски со стандартом
color viewing unit — устройство для просмотра цветных оригиналов, многокрасочных и шкальных оттисков; анализатор цвета
11. устройство для контактного копированияsingle family unit — односемейный дом, дом для одной семьи
reader unit — считывающее устройство; устройство считывания
12. контактный узел; устройство, обеспечивающее контактcontrol unit — управляющее устройство; блок управления
convertible printing unit — печатная секция, перестраиваемая с одного способа печатания на другой
corner-cutting unit — устройство для обрубки углов, углорубилка
counting-and-collating unit — счётно-подборочное устройство; счётно-подборочная секция
interrogation unit — опрашивающее устройство; блок запросов
detached unit — отсоединенный блок; открепленное устройство
13. резальная секция14. высекальная секцияdampening unit — увлажняющий аппарат; узел увлажняющего аппарата
developing unit — проявочная установка; проявляющая секция
double-width printing unit — печатная секция двойной ширины, полноформатная печатная секция
dyeline copying unit — аппарат, изготавливающий окрашенные копии
endorser unit — впечатывающее устройство; устройство для впечатывания
15. экспонирующая установка16. копировальная установкаfeeder unit — подающее устройство, самонаклад
floor-fed unit — лентопитающее устройство, установленное на уровне печатной секции
flow turn unit — поворотный стол, поворотный транспортёр
fluid injector unit — набрызгивающая секция; устройство для распыления жидкости
folder unit — фальцсекция, фальцевальная секция
graphoscreen vacuum printing-down unit — вакуумная копировальная рама типа «графоскрин»
17. полусекция; секция односторонней печати18. полусекция для печатания дополнительной краской; впечатывающее устройствоheavy-duty nipping unit — зажимное приспособление, работающее с большим усилием
industrial color matching unit — устройство для сравнения колористических характеристик краски со стандартом
infeed unit — питающая секция, самонаклад
insertion unit — вставной блок; блок для вставки
19. накатная группа красочного аппарата20. краскоподающая группа красочного аппарата21. красочный аппарат22. встроенная секция23. агрегатированные секции, неавтономные узлыmagnetic brush unit — узел проявления «магнитной кистью»
output photo unit — выводная фотонаборная секция, блок экспонирования набора
paper jogging unit — устройство для сталкивания бумажных листов, сталкиватель
construction unit — блок; модуль; узел
dosing unit — дозирующий узел; дозатор
24. секция двусторонней печати25. секция, переключаемая на запечатывание с оборотаmixed bed unit — фильтр смешанного действия; ФСД
26. фотографирующее устройствоunit name — имя устройства; номер устройства
27. блок экспонирования, фотографическая секцияplaten unit — тигельное печатное устройство; тигельный печатный аппарат
portable text entry unit — переносной наборный аппарат, переносной терминал для ввода текста
pressing unit — прессующая секция, прессующее устройство
processing unit — технологическая секция; секция обработки
punched card control unit — управляющее устройство, работающее на перфокартах
remote text entry unit — дистанционный наборный аппарат, дистанционный терминал для ввода текста
roller-type anti-setoff unit — противоотмарочный аппарат цилиндрического типа, параллоид-аппарат
protocol unit — протокольный блок; блок реализации протокола
28. ротационная листоподборочная секция29. вращающийся подборочный стол30. вторая фальцсекция31. кассета второго параллельного сгибаsensing unit — датчик, чувствительный элемент
stacked units — печатные секции, установленные друг над другом
stacking unit — стопоприёмное устройство; листоприёмное устройство
three-roller unit — трёхлучевая рулонная установка; трёхлучевая рулонная звезда
three-up bound unit — блок-тройник, тройной блок
32. слово33. совокупность данных, передаваемых как единое целоеtransmission light unit — источник света для прозрачных оригиналов, источник света для диапозитивов
two-roller unit — двухлучевая рулонная установка; двухлучевая рулонная звезда
two-up bound unit — блок-двойник, двойной блок
underfeed unit — лентопитающее устройство, расположенное в нижнем ярусе машины
34. корректор контрастности35. установка переменной чувствительностиvisual display unit — дисплей, видеотерминальное устройство
wed infeed unit — лентопитающее устройство; рулонная установка
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96 Camões, Luís de
(1525?-1579 or 1580)Portugal's national epic poet of the Age of Discoveries and author of the most celebrated piece of national literature, Luís de Camoes's lifespan marked both the high tide and ebbing of Portuguese imperial power. Educated at the University of Coimbra, Camões for much of his life, most of which remains largely unknown, was an adventurer overseas. He served as a soldier in Morocco, as Portugal began to lose its hold on parts of Morocco, and was later imprisoned. After his release, he shipped out to Portuguese India, to Goa, where he served the king. He lived in Portuguese India, Macau, and Mozambique, and his Eastern years left a permanent mark on his mind and soul. Upon his return to Portugal, he continued writing as a poet, and in 1572, his most famous work, better known and more quoted than any other piece of the nation's literature, Os Lusíadas (The Lusiads), was published in Lisbon. Whatever the reception of his epic poem, the story of the great Vasco da Gama's voyage to India (1497-99) within the context of the history of Portugal, Camões cannot have gained a great deal from its publication. It is said that he fell into poverty, that a servant or friend of his was forced to beg for food for Camões, and that he died in misery. In Portuguese tradition, it is also recounted that before he died he was informed of the disastrous battle of Alcácer- Quivir in 1578 and the resulting loss of the king, his army, and any defenses remaining to Portugal. Camões, the story goes, exclaimed, "I die with the Fatherland!" -
97 Swan, Sir Joseph Wilson
[br]b. 31 October 1828 Sunderland, Englandd. 27 May 1914 Warlingham, Surrey, England[br]English chemist, inventor in Britain of the incandescent electric lamp and of photographic processes.[br]At the age of 14 Swan was apprenticed to a Sunderland firm of druggists, later joining John Mawson who had opened a pharmacy in Newcastle. While in Sunderland Swan attended lectures at the Athenaeum, at one of which W.E. Staite exhibited electric-arc and incandescent lighting. The impression made on Swan prompted him to conduct experiments that led to his demonstration of a practical working lamp in 1879. As early as 1848 he was experimenting with carbon as a lamp filament, and by 1869 he had mounted a strip of carbon in a vessel exhausted of air as completely as was then possible; however, because of residual air, the filament quickly failed.Discouraged by the cost of current from primary batteries and the difficulty of achieving a good vacuum, Swan began to devote much of his attention to photography. With Mawson's support the pharmacy was expanded to include a photographic business. Swan's interest in making permanent photographic records led him to patent the carbon process in 1864 and he discovered how to make a sensitive dry plate in place of the inconvenient wet collodian process hitherto in use. He followed this success with the invention of bromide paper, the subject of a British patent in 1879.Swan resumed his interest in electric lighting. Sprengel's invention of the mercury pump in 1865 provided Swan with the means of obtaining the high vacuum he needed to produce a satisfactory lamp. Swan adopted a technique which was to become an essential feature in vacuum physics: continuing to heat the filament during the exhaustion process allowed the removal of absorbed gases. The inventions of Gramme, Siemens and Brush provided the source of electrical power at reasonable cost needed to make the incandescent lamp of practical service. Swan exhibited his lamp at a meeting in December 1878 of the Newcastle Chemical Society and again the following year before an audience of 700 at the Newcastle Literary and Philosophical Society. Swan's failure to patent his invention immediately was a tactical error as in November 1879 Edison was granted a British patent for his original lamp, which, however, did not go into production. Parchmentized thread was used in Swan's first commercial lamps, a material soon superseded by the regenerated cellulose filament that he developed. The cellulose filament was made by extruding a solution of nitro-cellulose in acetic acid through a die under pressure into a coagulating fluid, and was used until the ultimate obsolescence of the carbon-filament lamp. Regenerated cellulose became the first synthetic fibre, the further development and exploitation of which he left to others, the patent rights for the process being sold to Courtaulds.Swan also devised a modification of Planté's secondary battery in which the active material was compressed into a cellular lead plate. This has remained the central principle of all improvements in secondary cells, greatly increasing the storage capacity for a given weight.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsKnighted 1904. FRS 1894. President, Institution of Electrical Engineers 1898. First President, Faraday Society 1904. Royal Society Hughes Medal 1904. Chevalier de la Légion d'Honneur 1881.Bibliography2 January 1880, British patent no. 18 (incandescent electric lamp).24 May 1881, British patent no. 2,272 (improved plates for the Planté cell).1898, "The rise and progress of the electrochemical industries", Journal of the Institution of Electrical Engineers 27:8–33 (Swan's Presidential Address to the Institution of Electrical Engineers).Further ReadingM.E.Swan and K.R.Swan, 1968, Sir Joseph Wilson Swan F.R.S., Newcastle upon Tyne (a detailed account).R.C.Chirnside, 1979, "Sir Joseph Swan and the invention of the electric lamp", IEEElectronics and Power 25:96–100 (a short, authoritative biography).GWBiographical history of technology > Swan, Sir Joseph Wilson
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