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paperback+books

  • 41 encuadernación en rústica

    paperback
    * * *
    Ex. Books were sometimes sold in paper wrappers and paper boards even at this early date.
    * * *

    Ex: Books were sometimes sold in paper wrappers and paper boards even at this early date.

    Spanish-English dictionary > encuadernación en rústica

  • 42 bestseller

    Книга, пользующаяся в течение определенного времени (недели, года) наибольшим спросом среди книг своего класса. Список из 10-15 бестселлеров в крупнейших газетах обновляется каждую неделю. В книжных магазинах бестселлерам отводятся специальные стенды. Авторитетными считаются списки, публикуемые в еженедельнике "Паблишерс уикли" ["Publishers' Weekly"] и в "Нью-Йорк таймс бук ревью" ["New York Times Book Review"]. После второй мировой войны отдельно ведется учет книг в переплете [hard cover] и мягкой обложке [paperback]. Систематический отбор бестселлеров начал в 1895 литературный журнал "Букмен" ["The Bookman"], опубликовавший список "книг, пользующихся спросом" ["Books in Demand"]. С 1899 журнал стал регулярно публиковать "Список бестселлеров" ["Best Selling Books"]. Книга считается бестселлером, когда она куплена не менее чем 1 процентом населения США. В десятку американских бестселлеров всех времен входят "Американский орфографический словарь" [American Spelling Book by Noah Webster] (продано свыше 50 млн. экз.), "Всемирный альманах" ["The World Almanac"] (36 млн. экз. с 1868), "Книга по уходу за ребенком" ["The Common Sense Book of Baby and Child Care", by Dr. Benjamin Spock] (24 млн. экз.).

    English-Russian dictionary of regional studies > bestseller

  • 43 Random House Inc.

    "Рэндом хауз"
    Одно из крупнейших издательств мира, выпускающее литературу массового спроса. Основано в 1925. Работает в таких разных тематических областях, как детская литература и справочно-энциклопедические издания и т.п.; выпускает работы многих всемирно известных авторов. Популярностью пользуются толковые словари - "Американ колледж дикшинери" ["American College Dictionary"] (с 1947), "Рэндом хауз дикшинери ов зе инглиш ленгуидж" ["Random House Dictionary of the English Language"] (с 1966). В 1960 компания приобрела знаменитую издательскую фирму "Алфред А. Кнопф" [Alfred A. Knopf, Inc.; Knopf, Alfred Abraham], в 1961 - издательство "Пантеон букс" [Pantheon Books] (создано в Нью-Йорке редакторами-европейцами), в 1973 - фирму "Бэллантайн букс" [Ballantine Books], крупного издателя книг в мягкой обложке [paperback]. В 1973-1980 принадлежала корпорации "Ар-си-эй" [ Radio Corporation of America]; ныне принадлежит компании "Адванс пабликейшнс" [Advance Publications Inc.]. Контролирует сеть магазинов "Даблдей" [ Doubleday] (с 1998). Имеет дочерние структуры за рубежом.

    English-Russian dictionary of regional studies > Random House Inc.

  • 44 Buch

    Buch n BÖRSE, MEDIA, RW book • Buch führen über 1. GEN keep track of; 2. RW keep accounts for, keep records on
    * * *
    n <Börse, Medien, Rechnung> book ■ Buch führen über 1. < Geschäft> keep track of; 2. < Rechnung> keep accounts for, keep records on
    * * *
    Buch
    book, work, (Band) volume, (drucktechn.) quire, (Exemplar) copy, (Hauptbuch) ledger;
    • als Buch erschienen in book form;
    • zu Buch stehend mit at a book value of;
    • antiquarisches Buch secondhand book;
    • gut ausgestattetes Buch well-produced book;
    • broschiertes Buch paper-bound book, paperback;
    • defektes Buch incomplete book;
    • fest eingebundenes Buch hard-cover printing;
    • meist gelesenes Buch most-read book;
    • mittelmäßiges Buch mediocre book;
    • preisgebundenes Buch price-controlled book;
    • schadhaftes Buch hurt book;
    • überbewertetes Buch overrated book;
    • ungebundenes Buch book in sheets;
    • leicht verkäufliches Buch good seller;
    • aus reinem Erwerbssinn veröffentlichtes Buch potboiler (coll.);
    • Buch mit festem Einband hardback, hardcover; Buch
    • im Folioformat folio book;
    • Buch in Loseblattform looseleaf book;
    • Buch mit sieben Siegeln sealed book;
    • Buch über die Verrechnung abgegebener Schecks out[-clearing] book (Br.);
    • Buch anzeigen to announce a book;
    • Buch auswerten to lay a book under contribution;
    • Buch besprechen to review a book;
    • Buch ganz durchlesen to read a book from cover to cover (right through);
    • über seine Ausgaben [genau] Buch führen to keep an [a strict] account of one’s expenses;
    • zu Buch schlagen to be profitable;
    • mit einem Herstellungswert von... zu Buche schlagen to stand at cost at...;
    • zu Buch stehen mit to have a book value of;
    • Buch in (bei) einem Verlag unterbringen to plant a manuscript on a publisher;
    • Buch im Subskriptionswege verkaufen to subscribe a book;
    • Buch veröffentlichen to publish a book, to bring out (produce) a book;
    • Buch in einem Bezirk im Subskriptionswege vertreiben to canvass a territory for a subscription book;
    • Buchabschluss closing (balancing) the books;
    • Buch ankündigung, Buchanzeige book notice;
    • Buchankündigung vornehmen to announce the publication of a book;
    • Buchaufdruck lettering of a book cover;
    • Buchauflage edition;
    • Buchausgabe (Bibliothek) loan desk;
    • urheberrechtlich geschützte Buchausgabe copyright[ed] edition;
    • Buchausschnittsdienst abstract service;
    • Buchausstattung getup of a book;
    • Buchausstellung book exhibition;
    • Buchauszug extract from a book, (Konto) abstract of account;
    • Buchbeleg bookkeeping voucher;
    • Buchbesprechung [book] review;
    • Buchbestellung book order;
    • Buchbinder bookbinder;
    • Buchbinderarbeiten bookbinding;
    • Buchdecke binding cover;
    • Buchdeckel book cover;
    • Buchdruck book (letterpress) printing;
    • Buchdrucker book printer;
    • Buchdruckerei printing establishment [office];
    • Buchdruckerkunst art of printing;
    • Bucheinband binding, book cover;
    • Bucheinbandrücken book backing;
    • Bucheinlagen (Bankwesen) time deposits and saving accounts;
    • Bucheintragung [ledger] entry.

    Business german-english dictionary > Buch

  • 45 3/4 (tres cuartos)

    = three-quarters (3/4)
    Ex. The average costs of books bought rose from 1.54 to 1.70 with over three-quarters of sales in paperback form.

    Spanish-English dictionary > 3/4 (tres cuartos)

  • 46 contener1

    1 = bear, contain, contain in, enclose, gather, hold, host, include, possess, carry, be stocked with, harbour [harbor, -USA], offer, provide.
    Ex. Use a uniform title for an entry if the item bears a title proper that differs from the uniform title.
    Ex. The label contains information about the record, indicating, for instance, its length, status, for example, new, amended, type and class.
    Ex. A printed index is a pointer, or indicator, or more fully, a systematic guide to the items contained in, or concepts derived from a collection.
    Ex. The building encloses an art gallery, tourist office, conference room, concert hall and cinema.
    Ex. A bibliography is a list of materials or items which is restricted in its coverage by some feature other than the materials being gathered in one library collection.
    Ex. If the search is made with a call number, a summary of copies with that call number which are held by the library is first displayed.
    Ex. Most computer bureaux which host the factual data bases have their own world-wide networks.
    Ex. Document descriptions may be included in catalogues, bibliographies and other listings of documents.
    Ex. Not every index necessarily exhibits all the features of either of these types of indexing systems, and indeed, some will possess elements of both types of systems.
    Ex. Europe Environment carries useful reports on the activities of the lobby groups in the environmental, consumer protection and research fields.
    Ex. The paperback shelves in many retail outlets are stocked with books which, in spite of their print-runs, may or may not be a financial success.
    Ex. When the reference collection fails or the question is broad in nature, the stacks may harbor exactly what is wanted.
    Ex. Thus some current awareness services can be purchased from external vendors, whilst others may be offered by a library or information unit to its particular group of users.
    Ex. To start with, most catalogues, indexes, data bases and bibliographies provide access to information or documents.
    ----
    * contener en abundancia = abound in/with.
    * contener en cantidad = abound in/with.
    * contener en cantidad + Nombre = contain + its share of + Nombre.
    * contener hiperenlaces = hotlink [hot-link].
    * contener información = carry + information.
    * contener mucho = be high in.

    Spanish-English dictionary > contener1

  • 47 tres cuartos (3/4)

    = three-quarters (3/4), three-fourths (3/4)
    Ex. The average costs of books bought rose from 1.54 to 1.70 with over three-quarters of sales in paperback form.
    Ex. Selves may be considered full when three-fourths of their capacity is reached.

    Spanish-English dictionary > tres cuartos (3/4)

  • 48 contener

    v.
    1 to contain.
    ¿qué contiene esa maleta? what's in this suitcase?
    Ese estudio contiene mucha información That study contains a lot of info.
    Esa bolsa contiene melocotones That bag contains peaches.
    2 to restrain, to hold back.
    tuvieron que contenerlo para que no agrediera al fotógrafo he had to be restrained from attacking the photographer
    no pudo contener la risa/el llanto he couldn't help laughing/crying
    Pedro contiene su ira Peter holds back his anger.
    3 to stanch, to stop, to staunch.
    * * *
    Conjugation model [ TENER], like link=tener tener
    1 (incluir) to contain, hold
    2 (detener) to hold back, restrain
    3 (reprimir) to restrain, hold back, contain; (respiración) to hold
    1 to control oneself, contain oneself, keep a hold on oneself
    * * *
    verb
    2) hold
    •
    * * *
    1. VT
    1) (=incluir) to contain

    no contiene alcohol — alcohol-free, does not contain alcohol

    2) (=frenar) [+ gente, muchedumbre] to contain, hold back; [+ revuelta, epidemia, infección] to contain; [+ invasión, lágrimas, emoción] to contain, hold back; [+ aliento, respiración] to hold; [+ hemorragia] to stop; [+ bostezo] to stifle; [+ inflación] to check, curb; [+ precios, déficit, consumo] to keep down
    3) Cono Sur (=significar) to mean
    2.
    See:
    * * *
    1.
    verbo transitivo
    1) recipiente/producto/libro to contain
    2) (parar, controlar) <infección/epidemia> to contain; < tendencia> to curb; < movimiento político> to keep...in check; < respiración> to hold; <risa/lágrimas> to contain (frml), to hold back; <invasión/revuelta> to contain
    2.
    contenerse v pron (refl) to contain oneself
    * * *
    1.
    verbo transitivo
    1) recipiente/producto/libro to contain
    2) (parar, controlar) <infección/epidemia> to contain; < tendencia> to curb; < movimiento político> to keep...in check; < respiración> to hold; <risa/lágrimas> to contain (frml), to hold back; <invasión/revuelta> to contain
    2.
    contenerse v pron (refl) to contain oneself
    * * *
    contener1
    1 = bear, contain, contain in, enclose, gather, hold, host, include, possess, carry, be stocked with, harbour [harbor, -USA], offer, provide.

    Ex: Use a uniform title for an entry if the item bears a title proper that differs from the uniform title.

    Ex: The label contains information about the record, indicating, for instance, its length, status, for example, new, amended, type and class.
    Ex: A printed index is a pointer, or indicator, or more fully, a systematic guide to the items contained in, or concepts derived from a collection.
    Ex: The building encloses an art gallery, tourist office, conference room, concert hall and cinema.
    Ex: A bibliography is a list of materials or items which is restricted in its coverage by some feature other than the materials being gathered in one library collection.
    Ex: If the search is made with a call number, a summary of copies with that call number which are held by the library is first displayed.
    Ex: Most computer bureaux which host the factual data bases have their own world-wide networks.
    Ex: Document descriptions may be included in catalogues, bibliographies and other listings of documents.
    Ex: Not every index necessarily exhibits all the features of either of these types of indexing systems, and indeed, some will possess elements of both types of systems.
    Ex: Europe Environment carries useful reports on the activities of the lobby groups in the environmental, consumer protection and research fields.
    Ex: The paperback shelves in many retail outlets are stocked with books which, in spite of their print-runs, may or may not be a financial success.
    Ex: When the reference collection fails or the question is broad in nature, the stacks may harbor exactly what is wanted.
    Ex: Thus some current awareness services can be purchased from external vendors, whilst others may be offered by a library or information unit to its particular group of users.
    Ex: To start with, most catalogues, indexes, data bases and bibliographies provide access to information or documents.
    * contener en abundancia = abound in/with.
    * contener en cantidad = abound in/with.
    * contener en cantidad + Nombre = contain + its share of + Nombre.
    * contener hiperenlaces = hotlink [hot-link].
    * contener información = carry + information.
    * contener mucho = be high in.

    contener2
    2 = staunch [stanch, -USA], dam (up), smother, keep at + bay, hold + the line, repress, force back, bottle up, hold at + bay, rein in, hold + Nombre + in.

    Ex: Some notable progress is being made worldwide in staunching publishers' losses.

    Ex: But to prevent any meandering at all, or to dam the flow of talk too soon and too often by intruding, generally only frustrates spontaneity = Aunque evitar cualquier divagación o cortar el flujo de la conversación demasiado pronto y con demasiada frecuencia con interrupciones generalmente sólo coarta la espontaneidad.
    Ex: Smothering an excusable curse, Modjeski asked: 'How much longer is Wade likely to be out?'.
    Ex: A new approach is needed to maintain the freshness, vitality and humour that will keep at bay the dryer mode of academic examination.
    Ex: The standpatters argue, and the progressives agree, that the tax line must be held in the interest of attracting industry = Los conservadores proponen y los progresistas están de acuerdo en que se deben contener los impuestos para atraer a la industria.
    Ex: Friends of Cuban Libraries draw attention to the extent to which intellectual freedom is being repressed in Cuba.
    Ex: Then tears began to well in her eyes and the trembling of her breath showed that she was forcing back a lump in her throat.
    Ex: Instead of showing her anger towards her parents, Jamie continued to keep her feelings bottled up inside of her.
    Ex: A man died early today after holding deputies at bay for three hours, then shooting himself.
    Ex: If librarians hope to rein in escalating periodical prices, they must become more assertive consumers.
    Ex: The longer a fart is held in, the larger the proportion of inert nitrogen it contains, because the other gases tend to be absorbed into the bloodstream through the walls of the intestine.
    * contener Algo = keep + Nombre + in check.
    * contener el aliento = hold + Posesivo + breath.
    * contener la respiración = hold + Posesivo + breath.
    * contener las lágrimas = hold back + Posesivo + tears.
    * contener los gastos = contain + costs.
    * contenerse = hold back on, forbear, check + Reflexivo.
    * sin poder contenerse = helplessly.

    * * *
    vt
    A «recipiente/producto/mezcla» to contain
    la carta contenía acusaciones muy serias the letter contained some very serious accusations
    [ S ] contiene lanolina contains lanolin
    B (parar, controlar) ‹infección/epidemia› to contain; ‹respiración› to hold; ‹risa/lágrimas› to contain ( frml), to hold back; ‹invasión/revuelta› to contain
    la policía intentaba contener a la gente the police tried to hold back o contain o restrain the crowd
    dejó estallar aquella furia contenida he let out all that pent up o bottled up rage
    ( refl) to contain oneself
    no me pude contener y me eché a llorar I couldn't contain myself and I burst into tears
    tuve que contenerme para no insultarlo it was all I could do not to insult him, I had to control myself to stop myself insulting him
    * * *

     

    contener ( conjugate contener) verbo transitivo
    a) [recipiente/producto/libro] to contain

    b) (parar, controlar) ‹infección/epidemia› to contain;

    ‹ tendencia› to curb;
    ‹ respiración› to hold;
    ‹risa/lágrimas› to contain (frml), to hold back;
    ‹invasión/revuelta› to contain
    contenerse verbo pronominal ( refl) to contain oneself;

    contener verbo transitivo
    1 to contain: ¿qué contiene esa caja?, what does that box contain?
    2 (refrenar una pasión) to hold back, restrain: ¡contén tus ansias de vengarte!, restrain your desire for revenge!

    ' contener' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    aguantarse
    - albergar
    - contenerse
    - dominar
    - frenar
    - incluir
    - resistir
    - respiración
    - tener
    - aguantar
    - comprender
    English:
    accommodate
    - breath
    - check
    - choke back
    - contain
    - curb
    - dam up
    - face
    - hold
    - hold back
    - repress
    - restrain
    - stem
    - straight
    - suppress
    - fight
    - keep
    - stifle
    * * *
    ♦ vt
    1. [encerrar] to contain;
    ¿qué contiene esa maleta? what's in this suitcase?;
    la novela contiene elementos diversos the novel has many different aspects;
    no contiene CFC [en etiqueta] does not contain CFCs
    2. [detener, reprimir] [epidemia] to contain;
    [respiración] to hold; [conflicto, crisis] to contain; [éxodo] to contain, to stem; [inflación, salarios] to keep down;
    no pudo contener la risa/el llanto he couldn't help laughing/crying;
    tuvieron que contenerlo para que no agrediera al fotógrafo he had to be restrained from attacking the photographer
    * * *
    v/t
    1 contain
    2 respiración hold; muchedumbre hold back
    * * *
    contener {80} vt
    1) : to contain, to hold
    2) atajar: to restrain, to hold back
    * * *
    1. (tener) to contain
    2. (aguantar) to hold back [pt. & pp. held]

    Spanish-English dictionary > contener

  • 49 tapa

    f.
    1 lid.
    2 snack, tapa (cooking).
    4 heel plate.
    5 topside (trozo de carne).
    6 hors d'oeuvre, appetizer.
    pres.indicat.
    3rd person singular (él/ella/ello) present indicative of spanish verb: tapar.
    * * *
    1 (cubierta) lid, top; (de botella) cap, top, stopper
    2 (de libro) cover
    3 (de zapato) heel-plate
    4 AUTOMÓVIL head
    5 COCINA (comida) appetizer, savoury (US savory), tapa
    6 (de res) round of beef
    \
    levantarse la tapa de los sesos / saltarse la tapa de los sesos familiar to blow one's brain out
    * * *
    noun f.
    cover, lid
    * * *
    SF
    1) [de caja, olla, piano] lid; [de frasco] top; [de depósito de gasolina] cap

    tapa de registro — manhole cover, inspection cover

    2) [de libro] cover
    3) [de zapato] heelplate
    4) [de canal] sluicegate
    5) (=ración de comida) snack ( taken at the bar counter with drinks)
    6) (=pieza de carne) flank
    7) And (=bistec) rump steak
    8) Méx (Aut) hubcap
    9) Caribe (=comisión) commission
    * * *
    1)
    a) (de caja, pupitre) lid
    b) (de bote, cacerola) lid; (de botella, frasco) top
    c) ( de lente) cap

    la tapa del tanque de gasolina — the gas (AmE) o (BrE) petrol cap

    levantarle or volarle la tapa de los sesos a alguien — (fam) to blow somebody's brains out

    ser la tapa — (Per fam) to be the latest thing (colloq)

    2)
    a) (de libro, revista) cover; ( para fascículos) binder; ( de disco) sleeve
    b) ( de tacón) heelpiece
    c) ( de bolsillo) flap
    d) (Auto) head
    3) (Esp) ( para acompañar la bebida) tapa, bar snack
    •• Cultural note:
    In Spain, these are small portions of food served in bars and cafés with a drink. There is a wide variety, including Spanish omelet, seafood, different kinds of cooked potatoes, salads, cheese, ham, and chorizo. They can be very elaborate, and people often order several to make a meal. Tapas are part of a lifestyle and the social aspect is very important. The practice of going out for a drink and tapas is known as tapeo
    * * *
    1)
    a) (de caja, pupitre) lid
    b) (de bote, cacerola) lid; (de botella, frasco) top
    c) ( de lente) cap

    la tapa del tanque de gasolina — the gas (AmE) o (BrE) petrol cap

    levantarle or volarle la tapa de los sesos a alguien — (fam) to blow somebody's brains out

    ser la tapa — (Per fam) to be the latest thing (colloq)

    2)
    a) (de libro, revista) cover; ( para fascículos) binder; ( de disco) sleeve
    b) ( de tacón) heelpiece
    c) ( de bolsillo) flap
    d) (Auto) head
    3) (Esp) ( para acompañar la bebida) tapa, bar snack
    •• Cultural note:
    In Spain, these are small portions of food served in bars and cafés with a drink. There is a wide variety, including Spanish omelet, seafood, different kinds of cooked potatoes, salads, cheese, ham, and chorizo. They can be very elaborate, and people often order several to make a meal. Tapas are part of a lifestyle and the social aspect is very important. The practice of going out for a drink and tapas is known as tapeo
    * * *
    tapa1
    1 = cover, lid, flap, board, top, housing cover.

    Ex: Thus, for instance, a title statement will be extracted from a title page, and not from the cover or the spine.

    Ex: The casting-box for flong moulds was a flat iron case like a portfolio with one hinged lid.
    Ex: This article argues that box designs for small books have 3 shortcomings: their corners tend to gape; strings, buttons and other fixing arrangements clutter the outside of the box; and the box flaps are too soft causing it to be pushed out of alignment.
    Ex: A covering material of fast, even colour, was eventually produced that was impervious to the adhesive with which it was stuck to the boards.
    Ex: Documents should be kept in acid free boxes with loose fitting tops on shelves preferably made from baked enamel steel.
    Ex: A spoken dialogue between the system and the trainee would proceed as follows: System 'Try to assemble the air compressor' Trainee: 'How?' System: 'Install pump, install pump brace, install pulley, install belt housing cover.
    * edición en tapa = hardback, hardbound, hardcover.
    * edición en tapas duras = hardback, hardcover.
    * encuadernado en tapa = hardbound, cased.
    * fabricación de tapas = casemaking [case-making].
    * libro encuadernado en tapa = hard book cover, hardback cover, hardback book.
    * máquina de fabricar tapas = casemaking machine.
    * tapa anterior = front cover.
    * tapa de alcantarilla = manhole cover.
    * tapa del lector de CDROM = drive door.
    * tapa de registro = manhole cover.

    tapa2
    2 = appetiser [appetizer, -USA], snack, tapa.

    Ex: To begin with, both methods are appetizers since they stimulate a desire to read for oneself what one has heard told = Para empezar, ambos métodos sirven de aperitivo puesto que estimulan el deseo de leer por uno mismo lo que hemos oído contar.

    Ex: Many receptions this year will serve sufficient snacks and hors d'oeuvres, so you may not have to plan to have a meal afterwards.
    Ex: A watering hole in Spain is serving up free beer and tapas to recession-weary customers who insult its bartenders as a way to let off steam.
    * tapas = finger food.

    * * *
    tapas (↑ tapa a1)
    A
    1 (de una caja, un tocadiscos, un pupitre) lid
    2 (de un bote, una cacerola) lid; (de una botella, un frasco) top
    la tapa del tanque de gasolina the gas ( AmE) o ( BrE) petrol cap
    estar la tapa de … ( Per fam): el pescado estaba la tapa de rico the fish was absolutely delicious o was out of this world ( colloq)
    hacerle una tapa a algn ( Chi fam); to give sb the thumbs down ( colloq)
    levantarle or volarle a algn la tapa de los sesos ( fam); to blow sb's head off ( colloq), to blow sb's brains out ( colloq)
    ni por las tapas (CS fam); no way! ( colloq), you must be kidding o joking! ( colloq), you cannot be serious!
    ponerle la tapa a algn ( RPl fam); to shut sb up ( colloq)
    ser la tapa ( Per fam); to be the latest thing ( colloq)
    tiene una cámara nueva que es la tapa her new camera is the very latest o the last word in camera technology ( colloq)
    Compuesto:
    screw top
    B
    1 (de un libro, una revista) cover; (para fascículos) binder; (de un disco) sleeve
    no te lo has mirado ni por las tapas you haven't even opened the book
    2 (de un tacón) heelpiece
    estos zapatos necesitan tapas nuevas these shoes need reheeling
    4 ( Auto) head
    D ( Esp) (para acompañar la bebida) tapa, bar snack
    * * *

     

    Del verbo tapar: ( conjugate tapar)

    tapa es:

    3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) presente indicativo

    2ª persona singular (tú) imperativo

    Multiple Entries:
    tapa    
    tapar
    tapa sustantivo femenino
    1
    a) (de caja, cacerola) lid;

    (de botella, frasco) top;

    b) (de lente, bolígrafo) cap;

    ◊ la tapa del tanque de gasolina the gas (AmE) o (BrE) petrol cap

    2
    a) (de libro, revista) cover;

    ( de disco) sleeve


    d) (Auto) head

    3 (Esp) ( para acompañar la bebida) tapa, bar snack
    tapar ( conjugate tapar) verbo transitivo
    1 ( cubrir) ‹ caja› to put the lid on;
    ‹botella/frasco› to put the top on;
    ‹ olla› to cover, put the lid on;
    ‹bebé/enfermo/cara› to cover
    2
    a) ‹agujero/hueco› to fill in;

    ‹puerta/ventana› to block up
    b) (Andes, Méx) ‹ muela› to fill;


    c) ‹defecto/error› to cover up

    3
    a) ‹vista/luz› to block

    b) ‹salida/entrada› to block;

    ‹excusado/cañería› (AmL) to block
    taparse verbo pronominal
    1 ( refl) ( cubrirse) to cover oneself up;
    ‹ cara› to cover
    2
    a) [oídos/nariz] to get o become blocked;


    b) (AmL) [cañería/excusado] to get blocked

    tapa sustantivo femenino
    1 (de una cazuela, del piano, etc) lid
    (de una botella) cap, top
    Aut (del depósito, del radiador) cap
    2 (de un libro) cover
    edición en tapas blandas/duras, paperback/hardback edition
    3 (del tacón) heelpiece
    4 (en los bares) tapa, savoury snack, appetizer
    ♦ Locuciones: tapa de los sesos, skull: volarse la tapa de los sesos, to blow one's brains out
    tapar verbo transitivo
    1 (cubrir) to cover
    (una botella) to put the top on
    (un frasco, una caja, etc) to put the lid on
    2 (un orificio) to plug, fill: tapó el agujero con cemento, he filled the hole with cement
    (obstruir) to block: una rama tapa la entrada del túnel, a branch blocks the tunnel mouth
    3 (abrigar, arropar) to wrap up
    (en la cama) to tuck in
    4 fam (interponerse) me estás tapando el sol, you're blocking out the sun
    5 fig (ocultar una falta) to cover up for sb
    ' tapa' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    enroscar
    - tapar
    - vista
    - apretar
    - de
    - destapado
    - marcar
    - quitar
    - sacar
    English:
    cap
    - cover
    - fit on
    - jam on
    - lid
    - on
    - pull off
    - push off
    - screw
    - screw on
    - screw top
    - slam
    - stay on
    - twist off
    - appetizer
    - back
    - binding
    - blow
    - flap
    - get
    - go
    - hard
    - off
    - prize
    - pry
    - snap
    - swing
    - top
    * * *
    tapa nf
    1. [para cerrar] [de caja, estuche, olla, ataúd, cofre, baúl, piano, pupitre, maletero] lid;
    [de frasco] top; Andes, RP [de botella, bolígrafo] top; Fam
    levantarle o [m5] volarle a alguien la tapa de los sesos to blow sb's brains out;
    RP Fam
    poner la tapa a alguien to leave sb speechless
    tapa del depósito Br filler cap, Br petrol o US gas (tank) cap;
    tapa del distribuidor distributor cap;
    2. [portada] [de libro, CD] cover;
    [de disco] sleeve;
    un libro de tapas de piel a leather-bound book;
    3. Esp [de comida] snack, tapa;
    una tapa de queso a couple of slices of cheese;
    un bar de tapas a tapas bar;
    comer de tapas to have a meal consisting of tapas;
    ir(se) de tapas to go out for some tapas
    4. [de zapato] heel plate
    5. [trozo de carne] topside
    * * *
    f
    1 de tarro, cubo etc lid;
    se voló la tapa de los sesos he blew his brains out
    2 de libro cover;
    tapa dura hardback
    3
    :
    tapas pl GASTR tapas, bar snacks
    * * *
    tapa nf
    1) : cover, top, lid
    2) Spain : bar snack
    * * *
    tapa n
    1. (tapadera) lid
    2. (de libro) cover
    3. (de zapato) heel

    Spanish-English dictionary > tapa

  • 50 tres cuartos

    masculino, femenino ( en rugby) three-quarter
    * * *
    masculino, femenino ( en rugby) three-quarter
    * * *
    tres cuartos (3/4)
    = three-quarters (3/4), three-fourths (3/4)

    Ex: The average costs of books bought rose from 1.54 to 1.70 with over three-quarters of sales in paperback form.

    Ex: Selves may be considered full when three-fourths of their capacity is reached.

    Spanish-English dictionary > tres cuartos

  • 51 3/4

    3/4 (tres cuartos)
    = three-quarters (3/4)

    Ex: The average costs of books bought rose from 1.54 to 1.70 with over three-quarters of sales in paperback form.

    Spanish-English dictionary > 3/4

  • 52 edition

    edi·tion [ɪʼdɪʃən] n
    1) ( issue) Ausgabe f; ( version) Ausgabe f, Edition f fachspr;
    early \edition of a paper Morgenausgabe f einer Zeitung;
    first \edition Erstausgabe f;
    hardback \edition gebundene Ausgabe;
    paperback \edition Taschenbuchausgabe f
    2) ( broadcast) Folge f
    3) ( simultaneously published books) Auflage f; of a newspaper, magazine also Ausgabe f;
    limited \edition limitierte Auflage;
    second/third \edition zweite/dritte Auflage
    4) (Am) ( of an event) Auflage f;
    the 77th \edition of the Indianapolis 500 die 77. Indianapolis 500
    5) ( clone) Ausgabe f ( hum)

    English-German students dictionary > edition

  • 53 polar

    I.
    n. m. 'Whodunnit', detective novel usually in paperback form.
    II.
    adj. Over-studious, perpetually poring over books.

    Dictionary of Modern Colloquial French > polar

  • 54 Renard, Charles

    SUBJECT AREA: Aerospace
    [br]
    b. 23 November 1847 Damblain, Vosges, France
    d. 13 April 1905 Chalais-Meudon, France
    [br]
    French pioneer of military aeronautics who, with A.C.Krebs, built an airship powered by an electric motor.
    [br]
    Charles Renard was a French army officer with an interest in aviation. In 1873 he constructed an unusual unmanned glider with ten wings and an automatic stabilizing device to control rolling. This operated by means of a pendulum device linked to moving control surfaces. The model was launched from a tower near Arras, but unfortunately it spiralled into the ground. The control surfaces could not cope with the basic instability of the design, but as an idea for automatic flight control it was ahead of its time.
    Following a Commission report on the military use of balloons, carrier pigeons and an optical telegraph, an aeronautical establishment was set up in 1877 at Chalais-Meudon, near Paris, under the direction of Charles Renard, who was assisted by his brother Paul. The following year Renard and a colleague, Arthur Krebs, began to plan an airship. They received financial help from Léon Gambetta, a prominent politician who had escaped from Paris by balloon in 1870 during the siege by the Prussians. Renard and Krebs studied earlier airship designs: they used the outside shape of Paul Haenlein's gas-engined airship of 1872 and included Meusnier's internal air-filled ballonnets. The gas-engine had not been a success so they decided on an electric motor. Renard developed lightweight pile batteries while Krebs designed a motor, although this was later replaced by a more powerful Gramme motor of 6.5 kW (9 hp). La France was constructed at Chalais-Meudon and, after a two-month wait for calm conditions, the airship finally ascended on 9 August 1884. The motor was switched on and the flight began. Renard and Krebs found their airship handled well and after twenty-three minutes they landed back at their base. La, France made several successful flights, but its speed of only 24 km/h (15 mph) meant that flights could be made only in calm weather. Parts of La, France, including the electric motor, are preserved in the Musée de l'Air in Paris.
    Renard remained in charge of the establishment at Chalais-Meudon until his death. Among other things, he developed the "Train Renard", a train of articulated road vehicles for military and civil use, of which a number were built between 1903 and 1911. Towards the end of his life Renard became interested in helicopters, and in 1904 he built a large twin-rotor model which, however, failed to take off.
    [br]
    Bibliography
    1886, Le Ballon dirigeable La France, Paris (a description of the airship).
    Further Reading
    Descriptions of Renard and Kreb's airship are given in most books on the history of lighter-than-air flight, e.g.
    L.T.C.Rolt, 1966, The Aeronauts, London; pub. in paperback 1985.
    C.Bailleux, c. 1988, Association pour l'Histoire de l'Electricité en France, (a detailed account of the conception and operations of La France).
    1977, Centenaire de la recherche aéronautique à Chalais-Meudon, Paris (an official memoir on the work of Chalais-Meudon with a chapter on Renard).
    JDS

    Biographical history of technology > Renard, Charles

  • 55 Computers

       The brain has been compared to a digital computer because the neuron, like a switch or valve, either does or does not complete a circuit. But at that point the similarity ends. The switch in the digital computer is constant in its effect, and its effect is large in proportion to the total output of the machine. The effect produced by the neuron varies with its recovery from [the] refractory phase and with its metabolic state. The number of neurons involved in any action runs into millions so that the influence of any one is negligible.... Any cell in the system can be dispensed with.... The brain is an analogical machine, not digital. Analysis of the integrative activities will probably have to be in statistical terms. (Lashley, quoted in Beach, Hebb, Morgan & Nissen, 1960, p. 539)
       It is essential to realize that a computer is not a mere "number cruncher," or supercalculating arithmetic machine, although this is how computers are commonly regarded by people having no familiarity with artificial intelligence. Computers do not crunch numbers; they manipulate symbols.... Digital computers originally developed with mathematical problems in mind, are in fact general purpose symbol manipulating machines....
       The terms "computer" and "computation" are themselves unfortunate, in view of their misleading arithmetical connotations. The definition of artificial intelligence previously cited-"the study of intelligence as computation"-does not imply that intelligence is really counting. Intelligence may be defined as the ability creatively to manipulate symbols, or process information, given the requirements of the task in hand. (Boden, 1981, pp. 15, 16-17)
       The task is to get computers to explain things to themselves, to ask questions about their experiences so as to cause those explanations to be forthcoming, and to be creative in coming up with explanations that have not been previously available. (Schank, 1986, p. 19)
       In What Computers Can't Do, written in 1969 (2nd edition, 1972), the main objection to AI was the impossibility of using rules to select only those facts about the real world that were relevant in a given situation. The "Introduction" to the paperback edition of the book, published by Harper & Row in 1979, pointed out further that no one had the slightest idea how to represent the common sense understanding possessed even by a four-year-old. (Dreyfus & Dreyfus, 1986, p. 102)
       A popular myth says that the invention of the computer diminishes our sense of ourselves, because it shows that rational thought is not special to human beings, but can be carried on by a mere machine. It is a short stop from there to the conclusion that intelligence is mechanical, which many people find to be an affront to all that is most precious and singular about their humanness.
       In fact, the computer, early in its career, was not an instrument of the philistines, but a humanizing influence. It helped to revive an idea that had fallen into disrepute: the idea that the mind is real, that it has an inner structure and a complex organization, and can be understood in scientific terms. For some three decades, until the 1940s, American psychology had lain in the grip of the ice age of behaviorism, which was antimental through and through. During these years, extreme behaviorists banished the study of thought from their agenda. Mind and consciousness, thinking, imagining, planning, solving problems, were dismissed as worthless for anything except speculation. Only the external aspects of behavior, the surface manifestations, were grist for the scientist's mill, because only they could be observed and measured....
       It is one of the surprising gifts of the computer in the history of ideas that it played a part in giving back to psychology what it had lost, which was nothing less than the mind itself. In particular, there was a revival of interest in how the mind represents the world internally to itself, by means of knowledge structures such as ideas, symbols, images, and inner narratives, all of which had been consigned to the realm of mysticism. (Campbell, 1989, p. 10)
       [Our artifacts] only have meaning because we give it to them; their intentionality, like that of smoke signals and writing, is essentially borrowed, hence derivative. To put it bluntly: computers themselves don't mean anything by their tokens (any more than books do)-they only mean what we say they do. Genuine understanding, on the other hand, is intentional "in its own right" and not derivatively from something else. (Haugeland, 1981a, pp. 32-33)
       he debate over the possibility of computer thought will never be won or lost; it will simply cease to be of interest, like the previous debate over man as a clockwork mechanism. (Bolter, 1984, p. 190)
       t takes us a long time to emotionally digest a new idea. The computer is too big a step, and too recently made, for us to quickly recover our balance and gauge its potential. It's an enormous accelerator, perhaps the greatest one since the plow, twelve thousand years ago. As an intelligence amplifier, it speeds up everything-including itself-and it continually improves because its heart is information or, more plainly, ideas. We can no more calculate its consequences than Babbage could have foreseen antibiotics, the Pill, or space stations.
       Further, the effects of those ideas are rapidly compounding, because a computer design is itself just a set of ideas. As we get better at manipulating ideas by building ever better computers, we get better at building even better computers-it's an ever-escalating upward spiral. The early nineteenth century, when the computer's story began, is already so far back that it may as well be the Stone Age. (Rawlins, 1997, p. 19)
       According to weak AI, the principle value of the computer in the study of the mind is that it gives us a very powerful tool. For example, it enables us to formulate and test hypotheses in a more rigorous and precise fashion than before. But according to strong AI the computer is not merely a tool in the study of the mind; rather the appropriately programmed computer really is a mind in the sense that computers given the right programs can be literally said to understand and have other cognitive states. And according to strong AI, because the programmed computer has cognitive states, the programs are not mere tools that enable us to test psychological explanations; rather, the programs are themselves the explanations. (Searle, 1981b, p. 353)
       What makes people smarter than machines? They certainly are not quicker or more precise. Yet people are far better at perceiving objects in natural scenes and noting their relations, at understanding language and retrieving contextually appropriate information from memory, at making plans and carrying out contextually appropriate actions, and at a wide range of other natural cognitive tasks. People are also far better at learning to do these things more accurately and fluently through processing experience.
       What is the basis for these differences? One answer, perhaps the classic one we might expect from artificial intelligence, is "software." If we only had the right computer program, the argument goes, we might be able to capture the fluidity and adaptability of human information processing. Certainly this answer is partially correct. There have been great breakthroughs in our understanding of cognition as a result of the development of expressive high-level computer languages and powerful algorithms. However, we do not think that software is the whole story.
       In our view, people are smarter than today's computers because the brain employs a basic computational architecture that is more suited to deal with a central aspect of the natural information processing tasks that people are so good at.... hese tasks generally require the simultaneous consideration of many pieces of information or constraints. Each constraint may be imperfectly specified and ambiguous, yet each can play a potentially decisive role in determining the outcome of processing. (McClelland, Rumelhart & Hinton, 1986, pp. 3-4)

    Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Computers

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