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  • 41 μαρτυρέω

    μαρτυρέω impf. ἐμαρτύρουν; fut. μαρτυρήσω; 1 aor. ἐμαρτύρησα; pf. μεμαρτύρηκα. Pass.: impf. ἐμαρτυρούμην; 1 aor. ἐμαρτυρήθην Hb 11:2, 4, 39; pf. μεμαρτύρημαι (s. four next entries; Semonides, Hdt.+)
    ① to confirm or attest someth. on the basis of personal knowledge or belief, bear witness, be a witness.
    ⓐ to offer testimony
    α. act. ὑμεῖς μαρτυρεῖτε you are witnesses J 15:27. ἐὰν θέλωσιν μαρτυρεῖν if they are willing to appear as witnesses Ac 26:5.—J 12:17; 1J 5:6f. Parenthetically, emphasizing the correctness of a statement, μαρτυρῶ I can testify (POxy 105, 13 Σαραπίων μαρτυρῶ=‘I, S., am witness’; PLond III, 1164 [f], 35 al. p. 162.—B-D-F §465, 2; Rob. 434) 2 Cor 8:3. περί τινος bear witness, testify concerning someone or someth. (PGrenf II, 73, 16 ὅταν ἔλθῃ σὺν θεῷ, μαρτυρήσει σοι περὶ ὧν αὐτὴν πεποιήκασιν; Jos., C. Ap. 1, 217, Vi. 259) J 1:7f, 15 (in the very likely case that μαρτυρεῖ refers to the past, cp. Caecil. Calact., Fgm. 75 p. 58, 2ff, where examples are given of the interchange of tenses: Demosth. 59, 34 τοὺς ὁρῶντας for τ. ἑωρακότας; Eur., Androm. Fgm. 145 Nauck2 ὁρῶ ἀντὶ τοῦ εἶδον; Thu. 2, 35, 1 ἐπαινοῦσι ἀντὶ τοῦ ἐπῄνεσαν); 2:25; 5:31, 32a, 36f, 39; 7:7; 8:13f, 18ab; 10:25; 15:26; 21:24; 1J 5:9. μαρτύρησον περὶ τοῦ κακοῦ testify to the wrong J 18:23 (μ.=furnish proof X., Symp. 8, 12). Also ἐπί τινι Hb 11:4b (on ἐπί w. dat. in this pass. s. Gen 4:4). W. dat. of thing (Jos., Ant. 12, 135; Ath. 16, 3 τῷ λόγω. Πλάτων) μ. τῇ ἀληθείᾳ bear witness to the truth J 5:33; 18:37. μ. σου τῇ ἀληθείᾳ testify to the truth of your (way of life) 3J 3; σου τῇ ἀγάπῃ vs. 6. W. dat. of pers. about whom testimony is given (Appian, Bell. Civ. 3, 73 §298; Just., D. 122, 2.—It is dat. of advantage or disadv.) Ac 10:43; 22:5; GJs 15:2; w. ptc. foll. (μ. Ἰακὼβ λέγων Did., Gen. 221, 2) θεὸς ἐμαρτύρησεν αὐτοῖς δοὺς κτλ. God testified for them by giving Ac 15:8 (though αὐτοῖς can also be taken w. δούς); w. ὅτι foll. bear someone witness that J 3:28; Ro 10:2; Gal 4:15; Col 4:13. μ. ἑαυτῷ, ὅτι bear witness to oneself that Mt 23:31. The dat. can also designate the pers. who is informed or instructed by the testimony: bear witness to someone Hb 10:15; Rv 22:18.—μ. ὅτι testify that (Aelian, VH 9, 11; Did., Gen. 156, 28) J 1:34; 4:44; 12:17 v.l.; 1J 4:14. ὅτι introducing direct discourse J 4:39. μ. κατὰ τ. θεοῦ ὅτι bear witness against God by declaring that 1 Cor 15:15 (PPetr II, 21 [d], 12 [III B.C.] καθʼ οὗ μαρτυρῶ). ἐμαρτύρησεν καὶ εἶπεν w. direct discourse foll. J 13:21. μ. λέγων w. direct disc. foll. J 1:32. Of God μοι μαρτυρεῖ λέγων (Ps 89:4 follows) he testifies (of it) to me by saying 15:4. For 1 Ti 6:13 s. c below.
    β. pass., be witnessed, have witness borne ὑπό τινος by someone (Philo, Leg. All. 3, 46 σοφία μαρτυρουμένη ὑπὸ θεοῦ; Just., D. 63, 5 Χριστὸς ὑπὸ τοῦ ταῦτα ποιήσαντος μαρτυρούμενος. Of Jesus: ὑπὸ τῶν προφητῶν πολλαχοῦ μεμαρτ. Orig., C. Cels. 2, 9, 30) Ro 3:21 (the witness of the law and prophets points to God’s righteousness). Foll. by ὅτι and a quot. in direct discourse Hb 7:17. μαρτυρούμενος ὅτι ζῇ one of whom it is testified that he lives vs. 8.
    ⓑ to confirm bear witness to, declare, confirm, act. (Eunap., Vi. Soph. p. 76 ὁ θεὸς ἐμαρτύρησε; Iren. 2, 22, 5 [Harv I 331, 1]) τὶ someth. (Demosth. 57, 4 ἀκοήν; Aeschin. 1, 46 τἀληθῆ). ὸ̔ ἑωράκαμεν μαρτυροῦμεν J 3:11; cp. vs. 32. τὸν λόγον τ. θεοῦ Rv 1:2. ταῦτα 22:20. τινί τὶ someth. to or for someone (Dionys. Hal. 3, 67, 1; Jos., Ant. 6, 355) vs. 16. ὑμῖν τ. ζωήν 1J 1:2. The acc. is to be supplied fr. the context J 19:35; Ac 23:11. W. ptc. ἀκούσαντες μαρτυρήσωσιν they must admit that they have heard PtK 3 p. 15, 23.—μαρτυρίαν μ. bear witness, confirm, attest (Ps.-Pla., Eryx. 399b; Epict. 4, 8, 32) περί τινος concerning someone J 5:32b; 1J 5:10 (POxy 3313, 25f μαρτυρήσει σοι Σαραπᾶς περὶ τῶν ῥόδων S. will confirm to you about the roses).
    ⓒ to support one’s testimony with total selfgiving, eccl. usage w. regard to martyrdom bear witness, testify, be a witness (unto death), be martyred, act. (TestAbr B 11 p. 115, 16 [Stone p. 787] Ἄβελ ὁ ἐν πρώτοις μαρτυρήσας; Mel., HE 4, 26, 3; τοῖς μαρτυρούσι τῷ χριστιανισμῷ μέχρι θανάτου Orig., C. Cels. 1, 8, 2): of Paul μαρτυρήσας ἐπὶ τῶν ἡγουμένων … εἰς τὸν ἅγιον τόπον ἐπορεύθη 1 Cl 5:7; cp. vs. 4; MPol 1:1; 19:1; 21f (Iren. 3, 3, 4 [Harv. II 12, 8]); EpilMosq 4. Prob. 1 Ti 6:13 also belongs here: Χριστοῦ Ἰησοῦ τοῦ μαρτυρήσαντος ἐπὶ Ποντίου Πιλάτου τ. καλὴν ὁμολογίαν Christ Jesus, who made the good confession before Pontius Pilate (s. GBaldensperger, RHPR 2, 1922, 1–25; 95–117); otherwise the passage may be classed under a above.
    ② to affirm in a supportive manner, testify favorably, speak well (of), approve
    ⓐ act. (Dio Chrys. 23 [40], 19; SIG 374, 37 [III B.C.]; POxy 930, 16) w. dat. of the pers. (Appian, Samn. 11, §2 τοῖς ὑπάτοις, Liby. 105 §495, Bell. Civ. 4, 92 §387; Aelian, VH 1, 30; Jos., Ant. 12, 134) or of the thing approved Lk 4:22 (OFearghus, ZNW 75, ’84, 60–72 [pap and ins]; JNolland, JBL 98, ’79, 219–29); J 3:26. Of God toward David Ac 13:22. μὴ ἑαυτῷ μαρτυρείτω he must not testify (favorably) concerning himself 1 Cl 38:2. W. dat. to be supplied 3J 12b. μαρτυρίᾳ, ᾗ ἐμαρτύρησεν αὐτῷ ὁ δεσπότης Hs 5, 2, 6. Of the flesh ἵνα τὸ πνεῦμα … μαρτυρήσῃ αὐτῇ Hs 5, 7, 1.—ὁ κύριος ὁ μαρτυρῶν ἐπὶ (which a v.l. omits; μ. ἐπί τινι as Jos., Ant. 3, 189) τῷ λόγῳ τ. χάριτος αὐτοῦ the Lord, who attested the word of his grace Ac 14:3. With συνευδοκέω Lk 11:48 v.l.
    ⓑ pass., be well spoken of, be approved (Ep. 12 of Apollonius of Tyana: Philostrat. I 348, 26; Just., D. 29, 1. Exx. fr. ins in Dssm., NB 93 [BS 265], LO 69, 2 [LAE 84, 5]) ἀνὴρ μαρτυρούμενος or μεμαρτυρημένος a man of good reputation Ac 6:3; IPhld 11:1. Of OT worthies people of attested merit 1 Cl 17:1; 19:1. Of David 18:1. Of Abraham μεγάλως ἐμαρτυρήθη his merit was gloriously attested 17:2 (cp. Just., D. 11, 5 ἐπὶ τῇ πίστει μαρτυηθέντος ὑπὸ τοῦ θεοῦ). Of the apostles 47:4. Of Paul IEph 12:2. Of church leaders 1 Cl 44:3.—Foll. by nom. and inf. Hb 11:4a; cp. vs. 5. διά τινος be praised for someth. 11:4a, 39. ἐν ἔργοις καλοῖς μαρτυρούμενος well attested in good deeds 1 Ti 5:10; cp. Hb 11:2. ὑπό τινος be well spoken of by someone (M. Ant. 7, 62; SIG 799, 28; Jos., Ant. 3, 59; Just., D. 29, 3; 92, 4; New Docs 7, 233, no. 10, 10 of a benefactor) Ac 10:22; 16:2; 22:12; IPhld 5:2.—Impersonally μαρτυρεῖταί τινι ὑπό τινος a good testimony is given by someone to someone (Dionys. Hal., Thu. 8 μαρτυρεῖται τῷ ἀνδρὶ τάχα μὲν ὐπὸ πάντων φιλοσόφων; BGU 1141, 15 [14 B.C.] ὡς καὶ μαρτυρηθήσεταί σοι ὑπὸ τῶν φίλων) Δημητρίῳ μεμαρτύρηται ὑπὸ πάντων καὶ ὑπὸ αὐτῆς τῆς ἀληθείας Demetrius has received a good testimony from everyone and from the truth itself 3J 12a.—Dg 12:6.—OMichel, Bibl. Bekennen u. Bezeugen, Ὁμολογεῖν und μαρτυρεῖν im bibl. Sprachgebr.: Evang. Theologie 2, ’35, 231–45; EBurnier, La notion de témoignage dans le NT ’39.—DELG s.v. μάρτυς. M-M. EDNT. TRE XXII 196–212. TW.

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  • 42 οἰκοδομή

    οἰκοδομή, ῆς, ἡ (οἶκος, δέμω ‘build’; rejected by the Atticists [Lob., Phryn. 421; 487ff; WSchmid, Der Attizismus III 1893, 248], but found since Aristot., EN 5, 14, 7; Diod S 1, 46, 4; Plut., Lucull. 518 [39, 2]; IG XIV, 645, 146 [Dorian]; OGI 655, 2 [25 B.C.]; PGrenf I, 21, 17 [126 B.C.]; BGU 699, 3; 894, 2; LXX; En; TestSol; Philo, Mos. 1, 224 v.l., Spec. Leg. 1, 73 v.l.; Joseph. [Schmidt 528f]; Just., D. 86, 6).
    ① process of building, building, construction
    ⓐ lit. (2 Ch 3:2 v.l.; Sir 40:19; Jos., Ant. 11, 59; ViHg 1 [p. 87, 18 Sch.]; Jos., Ant. 11, 59; Theoph. Ant. 3, 22 [p. 246, 24]; Did., Gen. 33, 27) ἐτελέσθη ἡ οἰκοδομή the construction was at an end Hs 9, 5, 1a. ἀνοχὴ τῆς οἰκ. a delay in the building ibid. b; 9, 14, 2. Hv 3, 2, 8 prob. belongs in 2a.
    ⓑ fig., of spiritual strengthening (s. οἰκοδομέω 3) edifying, edification, building up.
    α. act., w. obj. gen. πρὸς τὴν οἰκ. τῆς ἐκκλησίας for the building up of the church 1 Cor 14:12. ὑπὲρ τῆς ὑμῶν οἰκ. 2 Cor 12:19. Abs. πρὸς οἰκοδομήν for edification Ro 15:2; 1 Cor 14:26; cp. Eph 4:29 (Straub 36). Paul has received his authority fr. the Lord εἰς οἰκοδομὴν καὶ οὐκ εἰς καθαίρεσιν 2 Cor 13:10; cp. 10:8. τὰ τῆς οἰκ. τῆς εἰς ἀλλήλους what makes for the edification of each other Ro 14:19. The letters of Ignatius contain πᾶσαν οἰκοδομήν Pol 13:2. Abstr. for concr. ὁ προφητεύων λαλεῖ οἰκοδομήν the one who prophesies speaks words that edify 1 Cor 14:3.
    β. pass. οἰκοδομὴν λαβεῖν receive edification, be edified 1 Cor 14:5. εἰς οἰκ. τ. σώματος τ. Χριστοῦ that the body of Christ might be built up Eph 4:12. εἰς οἰκ. ἑαυτοῦ for its own edification vs. 16 (for the grammar cp. TestJob 11:5 εἰς οἰκονομίαν τῶν πτωχῶν).
    ② a building as result of a construction process, building, edifice
    ⓐ lit.; pl., of secular buildings (Diod S 16, 76, 2; 20, 8, 3) Hs 1:1 (w. ἀγροί, παρατάξεις, οἰκήματα); GJs 9:3; 13:1. Esp. of temple buildings (1 Esdr 5:70) εἰς τὴν οἰκ. ἐλπίζειν put one’s hope in the building alone 16:1. Pl. of various buildings in the temple area Mk 13:1f. αἱ οἰκοδομαὶ τοῦ ἱεροῦ Mt 24:1. Esp. freq. in the imagery of the tower in Hermas (v 3; Hs 9). Yet in many pass. mng. 1a is also prob.: ἡ οἰκ. τοῦ πύργου the tower building (or the building of the tower) Hv 3, 2, 6b; 3, 4, 1f; 3, 5, 1b; 3, 12, 3; Hs 9, 1, 2; 9, 3, 3; 9, 4, 2ff; 9, 5, 2; 9, 17, 4 al. τὰ ἐξώτερα μέρη τῆς οἰκ. the outside of the building Hs 9, 9, 3b. Of the stones: εὔχρηστοι εἰς (τὴν) οἰκ. v 3, 5, 5; 3, 6, 1; 6; also εὔχρηστοι τῇ οἰκ. Hs 9, 15, 6. χρήσιμοι εἰς τὴν οἰκ. τοῦ πύργου v 4, 3, 4. ἀπενεχθῆναι εἰς τὴν οἰκ. Hs 9, 8, 3a. ἀπέρχεσθαι εἰς τὴν οἰκ. Hs 9, 5, 3f; 9, 7, 4a; 6f; 9, 10, 2. ἀποβάλλεσθαι ἐκ (ἀπὸ) τῆς οἰκ. Hs 9, 7, 1; 9, 8, 3b; 9, 9, 5. ἀποδοκιμάζειν ἐκ τῆς οἰκ. Hs 9, 12, 7; pass. (without ἐκ) 9, 23, 3; ἁρμόζειν εἰς τὴν οἰκ. v 3, 6, 5; 3, 7, 5; pass. Hs 9, 4, 3; 9, 8, 5ff; 9, 9, 4; 9, 15, 4. βάλλειν εἰς τὴν οἰκ. Hs 9, 7, 4; 6; 9, 8, 2a; pass. 9, 7, 5; 9, 10, 1; 9, 30, 2. δοκιμάζειν τὴν οἰκ. Hs 9, 5, 2b. εἰσέρχεσθαι εἰς τὴν οἰκ. Hs 9, 12, 4; 9, 13, 4. ἐκλέγεσθαι εἰς τὴν οἰκ. Hs 9, 9, 3a. ἐπιδιδόναι εἰς τὴν οἰκ. Hs 9, 4, 5; 8; 9, 15, 5; pass. 9, 4, 6. ἐπιθυμεῖν τὴν οἰκ. Hs 9, 9, 7. ἐπιτίθεσθαι εἰς τὴν οἰκ. v 3, 5, 2. ἐργάζεσθαι εἰς τὴν οἰκ. work at the building Hs 9, 6, 2b. εὑρεθῆναι εἰς τὴν οἰκ. Hs 9, 6, 4. ὁ ἐφεστὼς εἰς τὴν οἰκ. Hs 9, 6, 2a. κατανοεῖν τὴν οἰκ. examine the building Hs 9, 5, 7; 9, 6, 3. συναρμόζεσθαι εἰς τὴν οἰκ. τοῦ πύργου Hs 9, 16, 7. τιθέναι εἰς τὴν οἰκ. v 3, 2, 6a; 7; Hs 9, 7, 2; 9, 8, 2b; pass. v 3, 5, 4; Hs 9, 6, 8; 9, 8, 4; 9, 9, 2; 9, 13, 6; 9, 16, 1; 9, 17, 3; 9, 29, 4; 9, 30, 1. τίθεσθαι ἐκ τῆς οἰκ. Hs 9, 8, 1. ὑπάγειν εἰς τὴν οἰκ. v 3, 5, 1a; 3; 3, 6, 2; Hs 9, 3, 3f. χρᾶσθαι εἰ τὴν οἰκ. v 3, 2, 8.
    ⓑ Hermas hesitates betw. the literal and nonliteral uses of οἰκ. but the fol. passages are quite nonliteral (οἱ τοῦ χριστιανισμοῦ Orig., C. Cels. 3, 28, 8): θεοῦ οἰκοδομή ἐστε you are God’s building 1 Cor 3:9 (AFridrichsen [s. γεώργιον]; on the imagery Straub 85–88). In Eph 2:21 the Christian community is called an οἰκοδομή, more definitely a ναὸς ἅγιος ἐν κυρίῳ that is erected on the foundation of the apostles and prophets w. Christ Jesus as cornerstone (HSchlier, Christus u. d. Kirche im Eph 1930).—Of Christians ὄντες λίθοι ναοῦ πατρὸς ἡτοιμασμένοι εἰς οἰκοδομὴν θεοῦ πατρός since you are stones for the Father’s temple, made ready for the building of God the Father IEph 9:1.—Fig., in another way, of the glorified body of the departed Christian οἰκοδομὴν ἐκ θεοῦ ἔχομεν, οἰκίαν ἀχειροποίητον we have a building fr. God, a house not made w. hands 2 Cor 5:1; Rv 21:18 v.l. (for ἐνδώμησις). S. on οἰκητήριον 2.—Lit. on οἰκοδομέω end.—DELG s.v. δέμω. M-M. EDNT. TW. Sv.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > οἰκοδομή

  • 43 φίλος

    φίλος, η, ον (Hom.+; ins, pap, LXX, EpArist, Philo, Joseph., Test12Patr)
    ① pert. to having a special interest in someone (superl. φίλτατος PLond I, 130, 33 p. 134 [I/II A.D.]; JosAs cod. A 4, 7 and 10 [p. 44, 3 and 10 Bat.] and Pal. 364; Just., D. 8, 3; 141, 5; Tat. 2, 2; Ath., R. 8 p. 56, 31), both pass. beloved, dear, and act. loving, kindly disposed, devoted (both since Hom. [JHooker, Homeric φίλος: Glotta 65, ’87, 44–65]) in the latter sense w. dat. of pers. (X., Cyr. 1, 6, 4; Dio Chrys. 52 [69], 4 θεοῖς) Ac 19:31.
    ② subst., one who is on intimate terms or in close association w. another (cp. Aristotle’s definition: μία ψυχὴ δύο σώμασιν ἐνοικοῦσα ‘one soul inhabiting two bodies’ Diog. L. 5, 20)
    ⓐ ὁ φίλος friend (male in sing., sometimes generic in pl.)
    α. lit. Lk 7:6; 11:5a; 16:9 (Plut., Mor. 175e ἀφʼ ὧν … φίλον σεαυτῷ πεποίηκας); 23:12; Ac 16:39 D; 27:3. The use 3J 15ab, perh. also Ac 27:3, suggests a communal assoc. (on φίλοι=Christians: communication [’67] from HCadbury [who also compared J 11:11; 15:14f]; a society honors one of its associates ZPE 36, ’79, 171–72, no. 29, 4 [170/71 A.D.]; on this s. New Docs 4, 17f); Hm 5, 2, 2 (on Ac and 3J s. Harnack, Mission4 I 1923, 435f). φίλοι w. γείτονες Lk 15:6 (s. γείτων); w. συγγενεῖς 21:16; w. σύμβουλοι Hs 5, 2, 6 (Leutzsch, Hermas 471, 68). Opp. δοῦλοι (unknown comic poet vol. III Fgm. 166 Kock; Chariton 7, 3, 2 δούλους οὐκ ἂν εἴποιμι τοὺς φίλους) J 15:15 (ABöhlig, Vom ‘Knecht’ zum ‘Sohn’ ’68, 63); cp. Hs 5, 2, 6; 11; 5, 4, 1; 5, 5, 3 (in Hermas we have the tetrad δεσπότης, υἱός, δοῦλος, φίλοι). On οἱ ἀναγκαῖοι φίλοι Ac 10:24 s. ἀναγκαῖος 2 and Jos., Ant. 7, 350. φίλε as familiar address friend Lk 11:5b; 14:10 (Just., D. 63, 1; pl. 27, 2). W. subjective gen. (TestAbr A 9 p. 87, 8 [Stone p. 22]; TestJob 39:4; JosAs 23:5; GrBar 15:2; Tat. 17, 1; Jos., C. Ap. 1, 109) Lk 11:6, 8; 12:4; 14:12; 15:29; J 11:11; 15:13f (s. EPeterson, Der Gottesfreund: ZKG n.s. 5, 1923, 161–202; MDibelius, J 15:13: Deissmann Festschr. 1927, 168–86; REgenter, Gottesfreundschaft 1928; HNeumark, D. Verwendung griech. u. jüd. Motive in den Ged. Philons über d. Stellung Gottes zu s. Freunden, diss. Würzb. ’37; WGrundmann, NovT 3, ’59, 62–69. Also AvHarnack, Die Terminologie der Wiedergeburt: TU 42, 1918, 97ff). Jesus is τελωνῶν φίλος καὶ ἁμαρτωλῶν Mt 11:19; Lk 7:34. Joseph of Arimathaea is ὁ φίλος Πιλάτου καὶ τοῦ κυρίου GPt 2:3. Rarely w. gen. of thing φίλος τοῦ κόσμου Js 4:4. Cp. 2 Cl 6:5.
    β. in a special sense (Hdt. 1, 65=Galen, Protr. 9 p. 28, 26 J.: Lycurgus as φίλος of Zeus; Diod S 5, 7, 7 διὰ τὴν ὑπερβολὴν τῆς εὐσεβείας φίλον τῶν θεῶν ὀνομασθῆναι; Ael. Aristid. 27, 36 K.=16 p. 297 D.: θεῶν φίλοι; Maxim. Tyre 14, 6 φίλος θεοῦ as opposed to being δεισιδαίμων i.e. in a state of religious anxiety; JosAs 23:10 cod. A [p. 75, 4 Bat.; δοῦλος Philonenko] Jacob; SibOr 2, 245 Moses as ὁ μέγας φίλος Ὑψίστοιο; Just, D. 8, 1 χριστοῦ φίλοι [prophets]): on Abraham as φίλος (τοῦ) θεοῦ (TestAbr A 4 p. 81, 8 [Stone p. 10], B 4 p. 109, 1 [St. p. 66]) Js 2:23; 1 Cl 17:2; cp. 10:1 and s. Ἀβραάμ and MDibelius, exc. on Js 2:23. On ὁ φίλος τοῦ νυμφίου J 3:29 s. νυμφίος (cp. Sappho, Fgm. 124; Paus. Attic. [II A.D.] ζ, 3 [HErbse ’50]). On φίλος τοῦ Καίσαρος J 19:12 s. Καῖσαρ and EBammel, TLZ 77, ’52, 205–10; New Docs 3, 87–89 (noting that it is questionable whether Pilate’s fortunes were closely bound up with those of Sejanus after the latter’s fall out of imperial favor, s. JLémonon, Pilate et le gouvernement de la Juée ’81, esp. 275f).
    ⓑ ἡ φίλη (woman) friend (X., Mem. 2, 1, 23; Jos., Ant. 9, 65 al.) pl. τὰς φίλας her women friends GPt 12:51. W. γείτονες Lk 15:9 (s. γείτων).—GFuchs, D. Aussagen über d. Freundsch. im NT vergl. m. denen d. Aristot., diss. Leipzig 1914; FHauck, D. Freundschaft b. d. Griechen u. im NT: Festgabe f. TZahn 1928, 211–28. RAC VIII 418–24; DKonstan, JECS 4, ’96, 87–113. S. ἑταῖρος.—MLandfester, Das griechische Nomen ‘philos’ und seine Ableitungen ’66. DELG. M-M. TW. Spicq. Sv.

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  • 44 ἅγιος

    ἅγιος, ία, ον orig. a cultic concept, of the quality possessed by things and persons that could approach a divinity (so among the Trag. poets only Thespis, Fgm. 4 p. 833 Nauck2 βωμῶν ἁγίων, but found since V B.C. as a cultic term in Ion. and Att., e.g. ἱρόν Hdt. 2, 41; 44; Pla., Critias 116c, τόπος Leg. 904e; τελεταί Aristoph., Nub. 304 and Demosth. 25, 11 [ἁγιώταται τ.]; above all in the mysteries [GWobbermin, Rel. gesch. Studien 1896, 59ff, cp. OGI 721, 1 τῶν ἁγιωτάτων, Ἐλευσῖνι μυστηρίων]; LXX [HGehman, VetusT 4, ’54, 337–48]; LXX, pseudepigr., Philo, Joseph., apolog.)
    ① as adj. pert. to being dedicated or consecrated to the service of God
    ⓐ in the cultic sense dedicated to God, holy, sacred, i.e. reserved for God and God’s service:
    α. of things ἁ. πόλις of Jerusalem (Appian, Syr. 50, §250: Jerus. is called the ἁγιωτάτη πόλις of the Jews; also Mithrid. 106 §498; Is 48:2; 52:1; 66:20; 2 Esdr 21:1; Da 3:28; 1 Macc 2:7 al.; B-D-F §474, 1) Mt 4:5; 27:53; Rv 11:2; of the heavenly Jerusalem 21:2, 10; 22:19; τόπος ἅ. of the temple (2 Macc 2:18; 8:17; 3 Macc 2:14) Mt 24:15; Ac 6:13; 21:28, but of the next life 1 Cl 5:7, like ὁ ἅ. αἰών the holy age = αἰὼν μέλλων (cp. in the addition to the Lat. transl. of Sir 17:27 ‘aevum sanctum’) B 10:11; γῆ ἁ. (2 Macc 1:7; TestJob 33:5) Ac 7:33 (Ex 3:5); ὄρος ἅ. (Wsd 9:8; Ps 14:1; 42:3 al.—Appian, Bell. Civ. 1, 1 §2 τὸ ὄρος τὸ ἀπὸ τοῦδε [i.e. something extremely significant occurred] κλῃζόμενον ἱερόν) of the mountain of Transfiguration 2 Pt 1:18; σκεύη (1 Esdr 8:57; 1 Macc 4:49) Ox 840, 14; 21; 29 (ASyn. 150, 112; 114; 116); σκηνή Hb 9:2 (JSwetnam, CBQ 32, ’70, 205–21, defends the Vulgate transl.). διαθήκη (Da 11:28ff Theod.; 1 Macc 1:15) Lk 1:72; γραφαί Ro 1:2 (cp. 1 Macc 12:9; Philo, Rer. Div. Her. 159); εὐαγγέλιον AcPlCor 2:36. λόγος 1 Cl 13:3; 56:3; Dg 7:2 (cp. Herm. Wr. 1:18 ὁ θεὸς εἶπεν ἁγίῳ λόγῳ). Since Christians are called ‘holy ones’ (s. 2dβ), their κλῆσις is also ἁ. 2 Ti 1:9; so also of the ἐντολή given them 2 Pt 2:21. Their community forms an ἐκκλησία ἁ. ITr ins; Hv 1, 1, 6; 1, 3, 4; cp. 4, 1, 3, as well as a ἱεράτευμα ἅ. 1 Pt 2:5 and an ἔθνος ἅ. (Wsd 17:2) vs. 9. For φίλημα ἅ. s. φίλημα.—πίστις is ἁγιωτάτη most holy Jd 20 (for the superl. cp. Pla., Leg. 729e; Diod S 3, 44, 2 ἱερὸν ἁγιώτατον=an exceptionally holy temple; SIG 339, 14; 768, 16 [31 B.C.]; Jos., Ant. 16, 115; ἁγιώτατος θεός: OGI 755, 1; 756, 3; cp. PGM 4, 668. Of the synagogue CIJ 754; 781; 867).
    β. of humans and transcendent beings
    א. of human beings consecrated to God, holy, pure, reverent (CB I/2, 386 no. 232, 8 [early III A.D.] of a gentile: Γάϊος, ὡς ἅγιος, ὡς ἀγαθός) prophets (Wsd 11:1; cp. ἅ. Ἀβράμ Did., Gen. 228, 23) Lk 1:70; Ac 3:21; 2 Pt 3:2. John the Baptist (w. δίκαιος) Mk 6:20; apostles Eph 3:5; of Polycarp, in EpilMosq 1; 3; 5; αἱ ἅ. γυναῖκες 1 Pt 3:5. Israel a λαὸς ἅ. (Is 62:12; Sir 49:12 v.l.; Da 7:27;PsSol PsSol:17) 1 Cl 8:3; cp. B 14:6; πᾶν ἄρσεν τῷ κυρίῳ Lk 2:23.—The Christians (Orig., C. Cels 3, 60, 16) ἅ. ἔσεσθε 1 Pt 1:16a (Lev 19:2). Charismatics (?; so EKäsemann, Beiträge zur Hist. Theol. 9, ’33, 146, n. 5) Col 1:26. ἀδελφοὶ ἅ. Hb 3:1; their children 1 Cor 7:14 (GDelling, Studien zum NT, ’70, 270–80, 281–87=Festschrift Fascher, 84–93; JBlinzler in Festschrift Schmid, ’63, 23–41; KAland, Die Stellung d. Kinder in d. frühen christl. Gemeinden u. ihre Taufe, ’67, 13–17). Presbyters IMg 3:1. W. ἄμωμος Eph 1:4; 5:27; Col 1:22; ἅ. ἐν ἀναστροφῇ 1 Pt 1:15, cp. D 10:6.
    ב. of angels holy (Job 5:1; Tob 11:14; 12:15; cp. Bousset, Rel.3 321; Cat. Cod. Astr. VIII/2 p. 176, 19; cp. PGM 4, 668; AscIs 3, 16) Mk 8:38; Lk 9:26; Ac 10:22; Rv 14:10; 1 Cl 39:7; Hv 2, 2, 7; 3, 4, 1f; ἐν ἁ. μυριάσιν αὐτοῦ w. his holy myriads Jd 14 (w. ἄγγελος P72; cp. En 1:9).
    ג. of Christ holy τὸν ἅγιον παῖδά σου Ac 4:27, 30; τὸ γεννώμενον ἅ. κληθήσεται Lk 1:35; GJs 11:3 (ἅ. belongs to the pred.).
    ד. of God (Aristoph., Av. 522; Pla., Soph. 249a; OGI 262, 25; 378, 1 [19 A.D.] θεῷ ἁγίῳ ὑψίστῳ; 590, 1; 620, 2 [98 A.D.]; UPZ 79, 22 [159 B.C.] of Isis; likew. POxy 1380, 34; 36; 89; IDefixWünsch 4, 10 τὸν ἅ. Ἑρμῆν; Herm. Wr. 1, 31; PGM 1, 198; 3, 312; 4, 851; 2093. Further exx. in Wobbermin 70; Cumont3 266.—LXX; Philo, Sacr. Abel. 101; SibOr 3, 478) holy J 17:11; 1 Pt 1:16b (Lev 19:2); Rv 4:8 (Is 6:3; TestAbr A 3, p. 79, 19 [Stone p. 6]; ParJer 9:3.—The threefold ἅγιος serves to emphasize the idea, as the twofold καλὸν καλόν=indescribably beautiful Theocr. 8, 73); 6:10. Of God’s name (LXX; PGM 4, 1190; 13, 638) Lk 1:49; 1 Cl 64.
    ה. of spirit τὸ πνεῦμα τὸ ἅγιον or τὸ ἅγιον πνεῦμα or πν. ἅ., s. πνεῦμα 5c.
    ⓑ shading over into the sense holy = pure, perfect, worthy of God (Stephan. Byz. s.v. Παλική: ὅρκος ἅγιος) θυσία Ro 12:1. ἀναστροφαί 2 Pt 3:11. Of the divine law Ro 7:12; ἀπαρχή (cp. Ezk 48:9ff) 11:16a; ναός (Ps 10:4; 17:7 al.; Jos., Bell. 7, 379; cp. ἱερὸν ἅ.: Hdt. 2, 41; Diod S 5, 72, 3; 15, 14, 3; Paus., 10, 32, 13) 1 Cor 3:17; Eph 2:21.
    ② used as a pure subst. the holy (thing, pers.)
    ⓐ ἅγιον, ου, τό that which is holy
    α. concrete sacrificial meat (Lev 22:14.—Also concr. θύειν τὸ ἱερόν: 67th letter of Apollon. of Ty. [Philostrat. I 363, 30 K.]) μὴ δῶτε τὸ ἅ. τοῖς κυσίν Mt 7:6; cp. D 9:5. Cp. 1QS 9:17.
    β. sanctuary (OGI 56, 59 [239 B.C.]; UPZ 119, 12 [156 B.C.]; Num 3:38; Ezk 45:18; 1 Esdr 1:5 v.l.; 1 Macc 10:42; Philo, Leg. All. 3, 125; Jos., Ant. 3, 125) τὸ ἅ. κοσμικόν Hb 9:1.
    ⓑ ἅγια, ων, τά sanctuary (Jdth 4:12; 16:20; 1 Macc 3:43, 59 al.; Philo, Fuga 93 οἷς [sc. ἡ Λευιτικὴ φύλη] ἡ τῶν ἁγίων ἀνάκειται λειτουργία; Jos., Bell. 2, 341) Hb 8:2; 9:24f; 13:11. Also the front, or outer part of the temple, the holy place (3 Km 8:8; Philo, Rer. Div. Her. 226) Hb 9:2. τὰ ἅ. of the heavenly sanctuary (SibOr 3, 308) vs. 12; 10:19.—(τὰ) ἅγια (τῶν) ἁγίων the holy of holies (3 Km 8:6; 2 Ch 4:22; 5:7; GrBar ins 2; Philo, Leg. All. 2, 56. Cp. Polyb. 16, 12, 7 τὸ τοῦ ΔιὸϚ ἄβατον.—Formed like κακὰ κακῶν Soph., Oed. C. 1238, ἄρρητʼ ἀρρήτων Oed. R. 465; ἔσχατα ἐσχάτων Ael. Aristid. 46 p. 260 D.; B-D-F §141, 8; 245, 2) Hb 9:3; IPhld 9:1; GJs 8:3; 13:2; 15:3. Of Christians 1 Cl 29:3 (cp. 2 Ch 31:14; Ezk 48:12).
    ⓒ ἅγιος, ου, ὁ the holy one
    α. of God (En 14:1; 97:6; 98:6; 104:9) 1J 2:20 (β is also prob. [s. OPiper, JBL 66, ’47, 437–51]).
    β. of Christ ὁ ἅ. Rv 3:7; 1 Cl 23:5; Dg 9:2; ὁ ἅ. καὶ δίκαιος Ac 3:14. ὁ ἅ. τοῦ θεοῦ Mk 1:24; Lk 4:34; J 6:69 (cp. Ps 105:16 ὁ ἅ. κυρίου of Aaron).
    γ. of the martyr Polycarp EpilMosq 2 (of psalmists Did., Gen. 60, 18).
    ⓓ ἅγιοι, ων, οἱ the holy ones
    α. of angels (Zech 14:5; Ps 88:6; En 1:9; PsSol 17:43; PGM 1, 198; 4, 1345; 1347). For 1 Th 3:13; 2 Th 1:10; D 16, 7; Col 1:12 (cp. 1QS 11:7f), β is also prob.
    β. believers, loyal followers, saints of Christians as consecrated to God (cp. Is 4:3; Tob 8:15; Ps 33:10; Da 7:18, 21) Ac 9:13, 32; Ro 8:27; 12:13; 15:25 (Ltzm., exc. ad loc. on the early community in Jerusalem); 1 Cor 6:1f; 2 Cor 1:1; Eph 2:19; 3:8; Phil 4:22; Col 1:4; 1 Ti 5:10; Hb 6:10; Rv 22:21 v.l. (s. RBorger, TRu 52, ’87, 56f); D 16:7 perh.; 1 Cl 46:2; Hv 1, 1, 9 al.; κλητοὶ ἅ. Ro 1:7; 1 Cor 1:2; οἱ ἅ. αὐτοῦ Col 1:26; cp. Ac 9:13; Hv 3, 8, 8; οἱ ἅ. καὶ πιστοὶ αὐτοῦ ISm 1:2.
    γ. of other people esp. close to God (Dionys. Soph., Ep. 70 σωφροσύνη … προσήγαγέ σε θεῷ … τοῖς ἁγίοις παρέστησεν) Mt 27:52; cp. Rv 18:20, 24; Eph 2:19.—FJDölger, ΙΧΘΥΣ 1910, 180–83; WLink, De vocis ‘sanctus’ usu pagano, diss. Königsb. 1910; AFridrichsen, Hagios-Qadoš 1916; EWilliger, Hagios 1922; JDillersberger, Das Heilige im NT 1926; HDelehaye, Sanctus 19272; ’33; RAsting, D. Heiligkeit im Urchristentum 1930; UBunzel, D. Begriff der Heiligkeit im AT, diss. Breslau 1914; JHänel, D. Religion d. Heiligkeit ’31; PChantraine/OMasson, Debrunner Festschr., ’54, 85–107; FNötscher, Vom Alten zum NT, ’62, 126–74 (Qumran). SWoodward, JETS 24, ’81, 107–16 (Qumran displays transition from association of the term for ‘saints’ with celestial beings to human beings, s. 1QS 5:6f; 8:5 and 8).—B. 1475. EDNT. DDD 1359–64. New Docs 4, 111. DELG s.v. ἅζομαι. M-M. TW. Sv.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > ἅγιος

  • 45 κλῆρος

    κλῆρος, ου, ὁ (Hom.+; loanw. in rabb.)
    ① a specially marked object, such as a pebble, a piece of pottery, or a stick, used to decide someth., lot (Diod S 13, 34, 6 κλήρῳ=by lot) βάλλειν κ. (ἐπί τι) cast lots (for someth.) Mt 27:35; Mk 15:24; Lk 23:34; J 19:24; B 6:6 (Ps 21:19. The expr. as such is oft. found in LXX, also Jos., Ant. 6, 61; schol. on Soph., Antig. 275 p. 232 Papag.; cp. 1QS 6, 16–22). ἔπεσεν ὁ κ. ἐπί τινα the lot fell upon someone (Jon 1:7) Ac 1:26b. ἀνέβη ὁ κ. ἐπὶ Συμεών GJs 24:4. ἔδωκαν κλήρους αὐτοῖς they gave them (the candidates) lots vs. 26a. On this LThornton, JTS 46, ’45, 51–59. JLindblom, VetusT 12, ’62, 164–78 (OT background); WBeardslee, NovT 4, ’60, 245–52 (Qumran).
    ② that which is assigned by lot or simply given as a portion or share, portion, share (Pla.; Diod S 40, 3, 7 in connection with the distribution of the country conquered by the Jews; JosAs 10:1 Potiphar and his family go to their estate; ApcMos 22 τὰ φυτὰ … τοῦ κλήρου; Mitt-Wilck. I/1, pp. 280–83; Jos., Bell. 2, 83) esp. what comes to someone by divine grace (Ael. Aristid. 30, 23 K.=10 p. 123 D.; Hierocles 4, 426 ἀθάνατος κ.=the eternal portion bestowed by the gods; LXX) λαγχάνειν τὸν κ. τῆς διακονίας ταύτης Ac 1:17 (cp. κλῆρον τῆς ἐπισκοπῆς ἔχειν Iren. 1, 27, 1 [Harv. I 215, 1]); cp. vs. 25 v.l. λαβεῖν κ. ἐν τοῖς ἡγιασμένοις receive a place among God’s holy people 26:18 (cp. Wsd 5:5 ἐν ἁγίοις ὁ κ. αὐτοῦ). μερίς and κλῆρος together (schol. on Apollon. Rhod. 1, 1082a; Dt 10:9; 12:12 al.; Is 57:6) οὐκ ἔστιν σοι μερὶς οὐδὲ κ. ἐν τῷ λόγῳ τούτῳ you have neither part nor share in this matter 8:21. μερὶς τοῦ κ. τῶν ἁγίων ἐν τῷ φωτί a share in the inheritance of God’s people in (the realm of) light Col 1:12 (cp. 1QH 11, 11f). καὶ κλῆρον καὶ μερισμὸν λαμβάνοντες ὑπὸ πνεύματος τοῦ Χριστοῦ receiving a portion and share through the spirit of Christ AcPl Ha 8, 18/Ox 1602, 22f=BMM recto 23f (of prophets). κ. Ἐφεσίων the class of the Ephesians IEph 11:2.—1 Pt 5:3 the κλῆροι seem to denote the ‘flock’ as a whole, i.e. the various parts of the people of God which have been assigned as ‘portions’ to individual elders or shepherds (of the various portions that combine to form a whole: Simplicius in Epict. p. 71, 10, where the κλῆροι of good and evil [acc. to the teaching of those who assume two original principles] are differentiated ἐξ ἀϊδίου [eternally]). Cp. Goppelt, KEK ad loc.
    ③ someth. that inevitably happens, lot, destiny esp. of martyrs τὸν ἴδιον κ. ἀπαρτίζειν fulfill one’s own destiny MPol 6:2; cp. ITr 12:3; IRo 1:2; IPhld 5:1.—Pauly-W., XI 810ff; XIII 1451–1504; Kl. Pauly III 252.—DELG. M-M. TW.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > κλῆρος

  • 46 ἀληθινός

    ἀληθινός, ή, όν (Heraclitus, X., Pla. et al.; ins, pap, LXX, En; TestSol 13:8 C [-ῶς]; TestAbr A 4 p. 81, 4 [Stone p. 10]; TestJob, Test12Patr; JosAs 11 [cod. A p. 54, 6 Bat. and cod. Pal. 364]; ParJer 9:3; ApcSed 1:4; Philo, Joseph.; Ar. 15, 7; Just.) ‘true’.
    ① pert. to being in accord with what is true, true, trustworthy (X., An. 1, 9, 17; LXX) of God (Ex 34:6; Num 14:18; 1 Esdr 8:86; 3 Macc 2:11; Jos., Ant. 11, 55) (w. ἅγιος) Rv 6:10 (v.l. ἀληθής); (w. ἀψευδής) MPol 14:2. More exactly defined ὁ κύριος ἀ. ἐν παντὶ ῥήματι Hm 3:1 (opp. ψεῦδος). Of Christ, the judge of the world, w. ἅγιος Rv 3:7; w. πιστός 3:14; 19:11. Of Job 1 Cl 17:3 (Job 1:1). ἀ. καρδία (Is 38:3; TestDan 5:3) Hb 10:22. ὁ πέμψας με=‘the one who sent me can guarantee my credentials’ J 7:28 (difft. 3 below).
    ② pert. to being in accordance with fact, true Hm 3:5. λόγος (Pla., Rep. 7, 522a et al.; 3 Km 10:6; 2 Ch 9:5; Da 6:13 and 10:1 Theod.) J 4:37. λόγοι (2 Km 7:28; En 99:2) Rv 19:9; (w. πιστός) 21:5; 22:6. μαρτυρία reliable J 19:35; κρίσις ἀ. (Tob 3:2 BA; Is 59:4; En 27:3) judgment, by which the truth is brought to light 8:16 (ἀληθής v.l.); pl. (w. δίκαιος) Rv 16:7; 19:2. ὁδοί 15:3; cp. Hv 3, 7, 1.
    ③ pert. to being real, genuine, authentic, real
    ⓐ gener. (Socrates 6 p. 232, 27 Malherbe; X., Oec. 10, 3; Pla., Rep. 6, 499c; Dio Chrys. 47 [64], 21 αἷμα ἀ.; POxy 465, 108 ἄγαλμα κυάνου ἀ.=a statue of genuine lapis lazuli; PGM 8, 20; 41; 43 οἶδά σου καὶ τ. βαρβαρικὰ ὀνόματα … τὸ δὲ ἀ. ὄνομά σου; also IDefixWünsch p. 19f; PGM 4, 278; 5, 115) ἀ. πορφύρα GJs 10:1. Of Jesus’ deeds Qua.
    ⓑ freq. of Christian perspectives ἀ. φῶς (ParJer.; Ael. Aristid. 23, 15 K.=42 p. 772 D. [Asclep.]; Plotinus, Enn. 6, 9, 4) J 1:9; 1J 2:8; ἀ. τ. θεοῦ δύναμις (an emendation for ἀλήθειαν) ending of Mk in the Freer ms. 3f; ἄμπελος J 15:1. ἄρτος the real bread of the Eucharist 6:32. ζωή (Philo, Leg. All. 1, 32) IEph 7:2; cp. 11:1; ITr 9:2; ISm 4:1. Of God in contrast to other deities, who are not real (PGM 7, 634f πέμψον μοι τὸν ἀ. Ἀσκληπιὸν δίχα τινὸς ἀντιθέου πλανοδαίμονος; Philo, Leg. ad Gai. 366; SibOr Fgm. 1, 20; Is 65:16; 3 Macc 6:18; Just., A I, 53, 6) J 17:3 (s. μόνος 1aδ); 1J 5:20 (s. AHarnack, SBBerlAk 1915, 538f=Studien I ’31, 110f); 1 Th 1:9 (only ref. in Paul); 1 Cl 43:6; ἀ. ὁ πέμψας με someone who is very real has sent me (Goodsp.; but s. 1 above) J 7:28. Of human beings (Demosth. 9, 12; 53, 8; 12 ἀ. φίλος; Polyb. 1, 6, 5; 1, 80, 2; 3, 12, 6; Epict. 4, 1, 154; 172; Ar. 15, 7 ἐπὶ ἀδελφῷ ἀ.; Just., A II, 2, 14 τῷ ἀ. χριστιανῷ; PHamb 37, 6 ὁ ἀ. φιλόσοφος; PGiss 40 II, 27 ἀ. Αἰγύπτιοι) προσκυνηταί J 4:23. προφῆται in contrast to false prophets D 11:11; cp. 13:1. διδάσκαλος in contrast to false teachers D 13:2.—πάθος the real suffering (opp. Docetism) IEph ins; true in the sense of the reality possessed only by the archetype, not by its copies (X., Mem. 3, 10, 7; Pla., Leg. 1 p. 643c of toys ὄργανα σμικρά, τῶν ἀ. μιμήματα. Of the real body in contrast to its artistic representation: Alcidamas [IV B.C.], Soph. 28 Blass; Theocr., Epigr. no. 18 Gow=Anth. Pal. 9, 600; Athen. 6, 253e): σκηνὴ ἀ. the true tabernacle, the heavenly sanctuary Hb 8:2; the temple ἀντίτυπα τῶν ἀ. copy of the true sanctuary 9:24.—τὸ ἀ. what is really good (contrasted w. the supposed good, the ἄδικος μαμωνᾶς) πιστεύειν τὸ ἀ. entrust the true (riches) Lk 16:11 (cp. Philo, Praem. 104 ὁ ἀ. πλοῦτος ἐν οὐρανῷ).—DELG s.v. λανθάνω. M-M. TW. Spicq.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > ἀληθινός

  • 47 ἀριστερός

    ἀριστερός, α, ὁν (Hom.+) left (opp. to right) ὅπλα δεξιὰ καὶ ἀ. weapons used w. the right hand, and those used w. the left= weapons for offense and defense (cp. Scipio cited in Plut, Mor. 201d and Polyaenus 8, 16, 4 ἀριστερά and δεξιά of weapons for defense and offense) 2 Cor 6:7. ἡ ἀριστερὰ (sc. χείρ B-D-F §241, 6; Rob. 652) the left hand Mt 6:3 (cp. Damasc., Vi. Isid. 283 the proverb: give not w. one hand, but w. both). τὰ ἀ. μέρη the left side (on the pl. B-D-F §141, 2) Hv 3, 1, 9; 3, 2, 1; hence ἐξ ἀριστερῶν (sc. μερῶν) on the left (Diogenes the Cynic in Diog. L. 6, 48; UPZ 121, 7 [156 B.C.]; Sb 8952, 21 [76 A.D.]; BGU 86, 27; LXX; TestAbr A 12 p. 91, 2 [Stone p. 30] al.) Mk 10:37; Lk 23:33; Hs 9, 6, 2. περιέβλεπεν τὰ δεξιὰ καὶ τὰ ἀ. she looked to the right and the left GJs 11:1 (cp. ParJer 7:11 μὴ ἐκκλίνῃς εἰς τὰ δεξιὰ μήτε εἰς τὰ ἀ.). σύνεσιν γὰρ ἕξετε δεξιὰν καὶ ἀριστεράν you will have right and left understanding=you will be able to distinguish between what is true and what is false (apparently with ref. to true and false prophets) D 12:1 (the text can also be read: γνώσεσθε—σύνεσιν γὰρ ἕξετε—δ. κ. ἀ. you will know— for you will have understanding— (the distinction between) right and left i.e., true/good and false/evil; cp. Jon 4:11).—B. 866. DELG s.v. ἀρείων (comparative of ἀγαθός). M-M.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > ἀριστερός

  • 48 ἀρχιερεύς

    ἀρχιερεύς, έως, ὁ (*ἀρχ-+ ἱερεύς; Hdt.+; on the freq. use of the title in polytheistic cults s. Brandis in Pauly-W. II 471–83; Magie 64).
    ① one who serves as head priest, high priest
    ⓐ gentile MPol 21=Ἀσιάρχης (q.v.) 12:2.
    ⓑ Israelite
    α. president of the Sanhedrin (Schürer II 215–18): in Jesus’ trial Mt 26:57, 62f, 65; Mk 14:60f, 63; J 18:19, 22, 24. Those named are Ἀβιαθάρ, Ἁνανίας, Ἅννας, Καϊάφας, Σκευᾶς; see these entries.
    β. by fig. extension, of Christ, who serves as high priest by atoning for the sins of humans Hb 2:17; 3:1 (w. ἀπόστολος); 5:10; 6:20; 7:26; 8:1; 9:11; 1 Cl 61:3; 64; IPhld 9:1; MPol 14:3. ἀ. μέγας (1 Macc 13:42; Philo, Somn. 1, 219; Michel 1231, 1; cp. also the ἀ. μέγιστος=pontifex maximus of imperial ins) Hb 4:14 (GFriedrich, TZ 18, ’62, 95–115); ἀ. τῶν προσφορῶν 1 Cl 36:1. Cp. ANairne, The Epistle of Priesthood 1913, 135ff; HWindisch, Hdb., exc. on Hb 9:14; JUbbink, NThSt 22, ’39, 172–84 (on Hb); MDibelius, D. himml. Kultus nach Hb: ThBl 21, ’42, 1–11; HWenschkewitz, D. Spiritualisierung d. Kultusbegriffe Tempel, Priester u. Opfer im NT ’32; OMoe, D. Priestert. Christi im NT ausserhalb des Hb: TLZ 72, ’47, 335–38; GSchille, Erwägungen zur Hohepriesterlehre des Hb: ZNW 56, ’55, 81–109; AJansen, Schwäche u. Vollkommenheit des H-priesters Christus, diss. Rome, ’57.
    ② a priest of high rank, chief priest
    ⓐ in Israel’s cultic life. The pl. is used in the NT and in Joseph. (Schürer II 233, 25; 235, 34) to denote members of the Sanhedrin who belonged to highpriestly families: ruling high priests, those who had been deposed, and adult male members of the most prominent priestly families (s. Schürer II 232–36 w. ref. [235, 36] to the view of a jurisdictional body proposed by JJeremias, Jerusalem in the Time of Jesus ’69, 175–81, s. also GSchrenk, TW III 271, 37). ἀρχιερεῖς w. ἄρχοντες Lk 23:13; 24:20; w. γραμματεῖς and πρεσβύτεροι Mt 16:21; 27:41; Mk 8:31; 11:27; 14:43, 53; 15:1; Lk 9:22; 20:1; w. γραμματεῖς (IMagnMai 197, 11f; 193, 10; Thieme 21f) Mt 2:4; 20:18; 21:15; Mk 10:33; 11:18; 14:1; 15:31; Lk 20:19; 22:2, 66; 23:10; GJs 6:2; w. πρεσβύτεροι Mt 21:23 (cp. Lk 20:1); 26:3, 47; 27:1, 3, 12, 20; Ac 4:23; 23:14; 25:15; w. Σαδδουκαῖοι Ac 4:1 v.l.; ἀ. καὶ τὸ συνέδριον ὅλον Mt 26:59; Mk 14:55; Ac 22:30 (πᾶν τὸ συν.). οἱ ἀρχιερεῖς alone= the Sanhedrin Ac 9:14. Cp. Hb 10:11 v.l.; 1 Cl 40:5; 41:2; GJs 6:2.—On ἀ. τ. ἐνιαυτοῦ ἐκ. J 11:49, 51; 18:13 s. ἐνιαυτός 1.
    ⓑ by fig. ext., of Christian prophets D 13:3 and ApcPt 20 (Harnack’s text, Wilamowitz ἀδελφῶν, Schubert ἀρχηγῶν).—Pauly-W. II 471–83. EDNT. M-M. TW. Sv.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > ἀρχιερεύς

  • 49 προφητεία

    προφητεία, ας, ἡ (προφήτης; Lucian, Alex. 40; 60; Heliod. 1, 22, 7; 1, 33, 2; 2, 27, 1; Ps.-Callisth. 2, 1, 3 [prophetic office]; CIG 2880, 4–6; 2881, 4; 5; OGI 494, 8f; PTebt 294, 8; 295, 10; LXX, Test12Patr; AscIs 3:21 and 31; Philo, Joseph., Just.; Ath. 9, 2)
    ① act of interpreting divine will or purpose, prophetic activity αἱ ἡμέραι τῆς προφητείας αὐτῶν Rv 11:6. μισθοὺς λαμβάνει τῆς προφητείας αὐτοῦ he accepts pay for his activity as prophet Hm 11:12.
    ② the gift of interpreting divine will or purpose, gift of prophesying (Iren. 1, 13, 4 [Harv. I 120, 4]), of Rahab 1 Cl 12:8. Of Christians Ro 12:6; 1 Cor 12:10; 13:2, 8 v.l.; 14:22. The pl. of various kinds and grades of prophetic gifts 13:8; 1 Th 5:20 (here mng. 3b is also prob.). τὸ πνεῦμα τῆς πρ. the spirit of prophecy Rv 19:10.
    ③ the utterance of one who interprets divine will or purpose, prophecy (Jos., Ant. 9, 119; Just., D. 30, 2; 54, 2 al. Of the Sibyl: Theoph. Ant. 2, 36 [p. 190, 10]).
    ⓐ of OT inspired statement (Orig., C. Cels. 1, 51, 23; Hippol., Ref. 6, 19, 7; Theoph. Ant. 3, 25 [p. 256, 20]) ἡ προφητεία Ἠσαί̈ου Mt 13:14 (Just.. D. 50, 2 al.). αἱ προφητεῖαι beside ὁ νόμος Μωσέως (Μωϋσέως is better; s. Bihlmeyer p. xxxvi) ISm 5:1. Gener. of OT sayings 2 Pt 1:20f (but P72 appears to distinguish prophecy and OT writing: προφητεία καὶ γραφή); B 13:4 (Gen. 48:11; Just., A I, 54, 7 Μωϋσέως).
    ⓑ of inspired statements by Christian prophets ἐν προφητείᾳ in the form of a prophetic saying 1 Cor 14:6; 1 Th 5:20 (s. 2 above); 1 Ti 1:18; 4:14. οἱ λόγοι τῆς πρ. the words of the prophecy Rv 1:3. οἱ λόγοι τῆς πρ. τοῦ βιβλίου τούτου the words of prophecy in this book 22:7, 10, 18. οἱ λόγ. τοῦ βιβλίου τῆς πρ. ταύτης the words of this book of prophecy vs. 19.—DELG s.v. φημί II A. M-M. TW.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > προφητεία

  • 50 ἐμπνέω

    ἐμπνέω (also ἐν-) 1 aor. ptc. ἐμπνεύσαντα Wsd 15:11, 3 sg. opt. ἐμπνεύσαι (Ath. 9, 1); pf. pass. ptc. ἐμπεπνευσμένων (Just., A I, 36, 1) (s. πνέω; Hom. et al.; LXX; Kaibel 562, 9 [ἐς δʼ ὅσον ἐνπείει ‘as long as he draws breath’]; TestSol; TestJob 41:5; Philo; Jos., Bell. 5, 458, Ant. 12, 256; Just., A I, 36, 1; Ath. 9, 1) gener. in lit. in ref. to blowing or breathing.
    ① to emit breath, breathe (Kaibel above) fig. in the idiom ἀπειλῆς καὶ φόνου he breathed murderous threats Ac 9:1 (B-D-F §174; for its use w. gen. cp. Perictione in Stob. 4, 28, 19 Ἀραβίης ὀδμῆς ἐμπνέοντα; Josh 10:40. Cp. Chion, Ep. 3, 3 Ἄρεος πνέω=breathe the lust of war; Theocr. 22, 82 the two opponents φόνον ἀλλήλοισι πνέοντες).
    ② to give another a share in one’s breath and thus have influence, inspire (Hes., Theogony 31 the Muses ἐνέπνευσαν δέ μʼ ἀοιδὴν θέσπιν, ἵνα κτλ.; Plut., Mor. 421b; PGM 2, 84) of prophets ἐνπνεόμενοι ὑπὸ τῆς χάριτος αὐτοῦ IMg 8:2 (cp. TestJob 41:5 Ἐλίους ἐμπνευσθεὶς ἐν τῷ Σατανᾷ; Περὶ ὕψους 16:2 ἐμπνευσθεὶς ὑπὸ θεοῦ; Lucian, Phal. 2, 12 of the Pythia: ἐμπνεῖται; schol. on Apollon. Rhod. 4, 1381f: the poet ἐμπέπνευσται by the Muses; Just., A I, 36, 1 προφητῶν … ἐμπεπνευσμένων; Ath. 9, 1 ὡς εἰ καὶ αὐλητὴς αὐλὸν ἐμπνεύσαι).—DELG s.v. πλέκω. M-M. TW.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > ἐμπνέω

  • 51 θεόλογος

    θεόλογ-ος, ὁ, ([etym.] λέγω)
    A one who discourses of the gods, of poets such as Hesiod and Orpheus, Arist.Metaph. 1000a9, S.E.M.2.31; of cosmologists (like the Orphics), Arist.Metaph. 1071b27, al., Cic.ND3.21.53;

    θεολόγοι καὶ ποιηταί Phld.Piet.48

    ; of diviners and prophets,

    θ. καὶ μάντιες Philol.14

    ; οἱ Δελφῶν θ. Plu.2.417f, cf. Luc.Alex.19, BMus.Inscr.4.481*.295 (Ephesus, ii A.D.), IGRom.4.1431 ([place name] Smyrna): fem., CIG 3199,3200 (ibid.).
    2 theologian: ὁ θ.,= Moses, Ph.2.152, 416.

    Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > θεόλογος

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