on+the+testimony+of+witnesses

témoignage [temwaɲaʒ]

   a. (en justice) evidence uncount

• recueillir des témoignages to gather evidence

• c'est un témoignage écrasant it's conclusive proof

   b. ( = récit, rapport) account

• ce livre est un merveilleux témoignage sur notre époque this book gives a marvellous account of the age we live in

   c. ( = signe) témoignage de reconnaissance ( = geste) gesture of gratitude ; ( = cadeau) token of gratitude

• leurs témoignages de sympathie nous ont touchés we were touched by the sympathy they showed us

• en témoignage de ma reconnaissance as a token of my gratitude

* * *

nom masculin

1) ( histoire personnelle) story; ( compte rendu) account

2) ( au cours d'une enquête) evidence [U]; ( déposition) evidence [U], testimony

3) ( marque) fml

* * *

1) DROIT testimony no pl evidence no pl

2) (= rapport, récit) account

3) (= cadeau) [affection, reconnaissance] token, mark, (= preuve) expression

* * *

témoignage nm

1 ( histoire personnelle) story; ( compte rendu) account; le témoignage d'une ancienne droguée a former drug addict's story; recueillir les témoignages des réfugiés to get the refugees' stories; les témoignages recueillis auprès de the accounts given by; apporter son témoignage to give one's own account; selon les témoignages de according to (accounts given by); rendre témoignage sans prendre position to give an objective account (of things); un livre exceptionnel, témoignage sur une époque fig an exceptional book, a first-hand account of an era;

2 ( au cours d'une enquête) evidence ¢; Jur ( déposition) evidence ¢, testimony; des témoignages contradictoires/qui concordent conflicting/corroborating evidence; obtenir le témoignage de qn to get evidence from sb ou sb's evidence ; s'appuyer sur les témoignages des voisins to rely on evidence from the neighbours^GB; selon plusieurs témoignages according to several witnesses; entendre le témoignage de qn to hear sb's evidence ou testimony; rendre témoignage to give evidence, to testify; porter témoignage (de qch) to bear witness (to sth); ⇒ faux;

3 fml ( marque) témoignage d'amitié ( cadeau) token ou mark of friendship; ( geste) expression ou gesture of friendship; les témoignages de sympathie expressions of sympathy; en témoignage de ma reconnaissance as a mark ou token of my gratitude; donner des témoignages de son amitié to prove one's friendship; rendre témoignage au courage de qn to testify to sb's courage.

[temwaɲaʒ] nom masculin

1. DROIT [action de témoigner] testimony, evidence

rendre témoignage à quelque chose [rendre hommage] to pay tribute to ou to hail (soutenu) ou to salute something

rendre témoignage à quelqu'un [témoigner publiquement en sa faveur] to testify in somebody's favour

2. [contenu des déclarations] deposition, (piece of) evidence

3. [preuve] gesture, expression, token

a. [après un deuil] to receive messages of sympathy

b. [pendant une épreuve] to receive messages of support

4. [récit - d'un participant, d'un observateur] (eyewitness) account

μάρτυς, μάρτυρος, ὁ dat. pl. μάρτυσιν (Pind., Hdt.+; ins, pap, LXX; TestAbr A 13 p. 92, 22 [Stone p. 32]; TestLevi 19:3; Philo, Joseph.; apolog. exc. Ar.)

① one who testifies in legal matters, witness (Just., A I, 23, 3; Ath. 3, 2) Ac 7:58; Mt 18:16; 2 Cor 13:1; 1 Ti 5:19 (the last 3 after Dt 19:15; cp. Jos., Vi. 256 and Hipponax [VI B.C.] 47 D.³ ἐλθὼν σὺν τριοῖσι μάρτυσιν); Hb 10:28 (Dt 17:6.—ἐπὶ μάρτυσι also Appian, Bell. Civ. 3, 14 §49). τί ἔτι χρείαν ἔχομεν μαρτύρων; what further need have we of witnesses? (Pla., Rep. 1, 340a τί δεῖται μάρτυρος; αὐτὸς γὰρ ὁ Θρασύμαχος ὁμολογεῖ) Mt 26:65; Mk 14:63. μάρτυρες ψευδεῖς false witnesses (Demosth. 29, 28) Ac 6:13 (Mel., P. 79, 572). There is a suggestion of bureaucratic protocol relating to the account of the prudent and blameless men whom the Roman church sent to Corinth and who μάρτυρες ἔσονται μεταξὺ ὑμῶν κ. ἡμῶν 1 Cl 63:3.

② one who affirms or attests, testifier, witness transf. sense of mng. 1, of anyone who can or should testify to anything.

ⓐ of God (or the exalted Christ) as witness (deities as witnesses oft. Pind. et al.; Philo; Jos., Bell. 1, 595, Ant. 1, 209; TestLevi 19:3; SibOr, Fgm. 1, 4; Just., A II, 12, 4 θεὸν … μάρτυρα ἔχοντες. Orig., C. Cels. 1, 46, 26 θεὸς [sc. ἐστιν] μ. τοῦ ἡμετέρου συνειδότος); as a formula God is my witness (that I am telling the truth) Ro 1:9; Phil 1:8; shortened θεὸς μ. 1 Th 2:5; cp. vs. 10 (here also Jos., Ant. 15, 130 μ. ὑμᾶς ποιούμενος). μ. μοι ἐν ᾧ δέδεμαι IPhld 7:2. μάρτυρα τὸν θεὸν ἐπικαλεῖσθαι call upon God as witness 2 Cor 1:23 (cp. 1 Km 12:5f; 20:23; Polyb. 11, 6, 4 τ. θεοὺς ἐπικαλέσεσθε μάρτυρας; Heliod. 1, 25, 1; Galen VI 775 Kühn; likewise of calling upon deities, Hippol., Ref. 9, 15, 6: τοὺς ἑπτὰ μάρτυρας μαρτύρομαι).

ⓑ of humans (cp. Pind. O. 4, 5): witnessing by eye and ear (X., Ages. 4, 5; Pla., Ep. 1 p. 309a; Aelian, VH 10, 6; Jos., Ant. 18, 299; Tat. 31, 1; 36, 1) 1 Th 2:10; 1 Ti 6:12; 2 Ti 2:2.—Also of those witnesses whose faith is tried and true τοσοῦτον νέφος μαρτύρων Hb 12:1.—Of witnesses of events which they know about, without having experienced them personally (acc. to Strabo 7, 3, 7 p. 300 Hesiod is μάρτυς with regard to the Scythians): the teachers of the law bear witness to the murder of the prophets by their ancestors, by erecting tombs for the prophets Lk 11:48 (μαρτυρεῖτε v.l.).

ⓒ of witnesses who bear a divine message (Epict. 3, 26, 28 God uses the wise men as his μάρτυρες) Rv 11:3 (though the mng. approaches martyr [s. 3 below] here; cp. vs. 7. S. DHaugg, D. zwei Zeugen-Apk 11:1–13, ’36; JConsidine, CBQ 8, ’46. 377–92). In this sense, above all, of Jesus’ disciples as the witnesses of his life, death, and resurrection: ἔσεσθέ μου μάρτυρες you will be my witnesses Ac 1:8; cp. 13:31 (Ps.-Demetr. 222 μάρτυς σου γίνεται). W. obj. gen. of the thing witnessed: witness for/of (Jos., C. Ap. 1, 4 τῶν ὑπʼ ἐμοῦ λεγομένων μ., Ant. 4, 40; ἀληθείας μ. of Polycarp Iren. 3, 3, 4 [Harv. II 13, 4]; παραδόσεως of the Ephesian congregation 3, 3, 4 [Harv. II 15, 6]; Orig., C. Cels. 1, 47, 24) Lk 24:48; Ac 1:22; 3:15; 5:32; 10:39; 26:16. μ. τῶν τοῦ Χριστοῦ παθημάτων a witness of the sufferings of Christ 1 Pt 5:1. ἔσῃ μ. αὐτῷ πρὸς πάντας ἀνθρώπους you will be a witness for him to all people Ac 22:15 (Epict. 3, 24, 113 μ. πρὸς τοὺς ἄλλους).—10:41. Danker, Benefactor 442–47.

③ one who witnesses at cost of life, martyr, in the usage of the persecuted church τὸ αἷμα Στεφάνου τοῦ μάρτυρός σου Ac 22:20. Of Antipas ὁ μ. μου ὁ πιστός μου Rv 2:13 (cp. Pind., P. 1, 88 μάρτυρες πιστοί=dependable witnesses; on the textual problems of Rv 2:13 s. RBorger, TRu 52, ’87, 45–47). Onesimus μ. Χριστοῦ γεγένηται Phlm subscr. v.l. Gener. μάρτυρες Ἰησοῦ Rv 17:6; cp. MPol 2:2; 14:2; 15:2; 16:2 v.l.; 17:3; 19:1. Of Zacharias μ. εἰμι τοῦ θεοῦ GJs 25:3 (s. de Strycker ad loc.). Since Rv also calls Jesus (as well as Antipas) ὁ μάρτυς ὁ πιστός 1:5; 3:14, these pass. are prob. to be classed here (cp. Ps 88:38), but with awareness of strong focus in all the NT passages in this classification on the fact of witness. The death of Jesus was early regarded as the first martyrdom.—For an analysis of the question how μάρτυς=‘witness’ came to mean ‘martyr’, s. FKattenbusch, ZNW 4, 1903, 111ff; KHoll, variously, then Gesamm. Aufsätze II 1928, 103ff; ASchlatter, BFChTh 19, 3, 1915; PCorssen, NJklA 35, 1915, 481ff, 37, 1916, 424ff, ZNW 15, 1914, 221ff w. several continuations until 18, 1917, 249ff, Sokrates 6, 1918, 106ff; Rtzst., Hist. Mon. 1916, 85; 257, NGG 1916, 417ff, Her 52, 1917, 442ff; FDornseiff, ARW 22, 1923/24, 133ff; HDelehaye, Analecta Bollandiana 39, 1921, 20ff, Sanctus 1927 (²’33), 74ff (75, 1 lit.). ELohmeyer, D. Idee des Martyriums im Judent. u. Urchristent.: ZST 5, 1927/28, 232–49; GFitzer, D. Begriff des μ. im Judent. u. Urchristent., diss. Bresl. 1929; HLietzmann, Martys: Pauly-W. XIV 2, 1930, 2044–52; OMichel, Prophet u. Märt. ’32; RCasey, Μάρτυς: Beginn. I 5, ’33, 30–37; EStauffer, Märtyrertheologie u. Täuferbewegg.: ZKG 52, ’33, 545–98; DRiddle, The Martyr Motif in Mk: JR 4, 1924, 174–91, Hb, 1 Cl and the Persecution of Domitian: JBL 43, 1924, 329–48, From Apocalypse to Martyrology: ATR 9, 1927, 260–80, The Martyrs: A Study in Social Control ’31, Die Verfolgungslogien im formgesch. u. soziol. Bed.: ZNW 33, ’34, 271–89; HvCampenhausen, D. Idee des Martyriums in d. alten Kirche² ’64; EPeterson, Zeuge d. Wahrh. ’37; EBurnier, Le notion de témoignage dans le NT ’37; HSurkau, Martyrien in jüd. u. frühchristl. Zt. ’38; HFischel, Martyr and Prophet (in Jewish lit.), JQR 37, ’46/47, 265–80; 363–86; EGünther, Μάρτυς, D. Gesch. eines Wortes ’41, Zeuge u. Märtyrer, ZNW 47, ’56, 145–61. ELohse, Märtyrer u. Gottesknecht ’55; HvanVliet, No Single Testimony (Dt 19:15) ’58; NBrox, Zeuge u. Märtyrer ’61.—B. 1436; ATrites, Μάρτυς and Martyrdom in the Apocalypse, A Semantic Study: NovT 15, ’73, 72–80, The NT Concept of Witness ’77; GDragas, Martyrdom and Orthodoxy in the NT Era: Greek Orthodox Theological Review 30, ’85, 287–96; PVassiliadis, The Translation of μαρτυρία Ιησοῦ in Rv: BT 36, ’85, 129–34; M-ERosenblatt, Paul the Accused ’95, 1–21; Kl. Pauly III 1059f; BHHW II 1156f.—DELG. M-M. EDNT. TW. Spicq. Sv.

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1) witness, testimony; bera v., to bear witness; bera e-m gott v., to bear one good witness;

2) = váttr, witness, of persons; nefna v., to call witnesses;

3) evidence, outward mark, or sign (var þar orpinn sá haugr til vitnis).

* * *

n. [A. S. witnes; Engl. witness; Dan. vidne = testis]:—witness, testimony (prop. vitni is the act, ‘váttr’ the person, but sometimes the terms are confounded, as witness is in Engl.); bera vitni, to bear witness; bera vitni með e-m, Eg. 61, Fms. vi. 194; sama vitni berr Galenus, Lækn.; bera e-m gótt vitni, Nj. 11; eins þeirra vitni skyldi hrinda tíu Norðmanna vitni, Ó. H. 227: an evidence, outward mark, var þar orpinn haugr til vitnis, 655 xiv. B. 2.

2. = váttr, a witness, of persons; nefna vitni, to call witnesses, Fms. vii. 142; nefna vitni at e-u, Grág. i. 211, 214; flutti hann fram vitni sín ok váttorð, Fms. vii. 142; kjósa með vitni, hvart …, Grág. i. 210; eptir vitnum ok gögnum skal hvert mál dæma, N. G. L. i. 31; nú eru þau vitni er eigi skolu and-vitni í móti koma, þat er heimstefnu-vitni …, 32; var þat vitnum bundit, Fms. vi. 149; ef maðr kallask lostinn, ok eru eigi vitni við, þá …, if a man says that he has been beaten, there being no witnesses, N. G. L. i. 73; hann skal beiða hinn með vitnum at bregða af marki, Jb. 290: allit., þá lét hann ganga fram vitni sín ok vátta, Fms. vii. 141.

COMPDS: vitnisburðr, vitnisbúð, vitnisbærr, vitnisfastr, vitnisfjall, vitnislauss, vitnalaust, vitnismaðr, vitnissannr, vitnisörk.

1) Zeuge, der/Zeugin, die (of, to Gen.)

2) see academic.ru/26073/eyewitness">eyewitness

3) no pl. (evidence) Zeugnis, das (geh.)

1) (see)

2) (attest genuineness of) bestätigen [Unterschrift, Echtheit eines Dokuments]

* * *

1) (a person who has seen or was present at an event etc and so has direct knowledge of it: Someone must have seen the accident but the police can find no witnesses.) der Zeuge/die Zeugin

2) (a person who gives evidence, especially in a law court.) der Zeuge/die Zeugin

3) (a person who adds his signature to a document to show that he considers another signature on the document to be genuine: You cannot sign your will without witnesses.) der Zeuge/die Zeugin

1) (to see and be present at: This lady witnessed an accident at three o'clock this afternoon.) Augenzeuge sein

2) (to sign one's name to show that one knows that (something) is genuine: He witnessed my signature on the new agreement.) beglaubigen

•

- witness-box / witness-stand

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I. n

<pl -es>

1. (observer or attester to sth) Zeuge, Zeugin m, f (to + gen)

as God is my \witness,... Gott ist mein Zeuge,...

\witness [to a marriage] Trauzeuge, -zeugin m, f

in the presence of two \witnesses in Gegenwart zweier Zeugen/Zeuginnen

according to \witnesses Zeugenaussagen zufolge

▪ before \witnesses vor Zeugen/Zeuginnen

2. LAW (sb giving testimony) Zeuge, Zeugin m, f

your \witness! Ihr Zeuge/Ihre Zeugin!

adverse \witness Gegenzeuge, -zeugin m, f

character \witness Leumundszeuge, -zeugin m, f

\witness for the defence/prosecution [or defence/prosecution \witness] Zeuge, Zeugin m, f der Verteidigung/Anklage, Entlastungs-/Belastungszeuge, -zeugin m, f

expert [or professional] [or skilled] \witness Gutachter(in) m(f), Sachverständige(r) f(m)

key \witness for the defence Hauptentlastungszeuge, -zeugin m, f

in \witness whereof ( form) zum Zeugnis dessen geh

to appear as a \witness als Zeuge/Zeugin auftreten

to call a \witness einen Zeugen/eine Zeugin aufrufen

to hear/swear in a \witness einen Zeugen/eine Zeugin vernehmen/vereidigen

3. no pl ( form: proof) Zeugnis nt geh

to bear \witness to sth von etw dat zeugen geh, etw zeigen

to bear false \witness ( old) falsches Zeugnis ablegen veraltend form

4. REL (of belief) Bekenntnis nt

to bear \witness to sth von etw dat Zeugnis ablegen

thou shalt not bear false \witness du sollst nicht falsch Zeugnis reden

II. vt

1. (see)

▪ to \witness sth etw beobachten, Zeuge/Zeugin einer S. gen sein

▪ to \witness sb doing sth sehen, wie jd etw tut; (watch attentively) beobachten, wie jd etw tut

2. (experience)

▪ to \witness sth etw miterleben

the past few years have \witnessed momentous changes throughout Eastern Europe die vergangenen Jahre sahen tiefgreifende Veränderungen in ganz Osteuropa

3. (attest)

▪ to \witness sth etw bestätigen

to \witness sb's signature jds Unterschrift beglaubigen

to \witness a will ein Testament als Zeuge/Zeugin unterschreiben

now this deed \witnesseth LAW im Folgenden bezeugt dieser Vertrag

4. usu passive

▪ as \witnessed by sth (demonstrated) wie etw zeigt [o beweist]

as \witnessed by the number of tickets sold... wie man anhand der verkauften Karten sehen kann,...

5. (behold)

the situation is still unstable — \witness the recent outbreak of violence in the capital die Lage ist noch immer instabil, wie der jüngste Ausbruch von Gewalt in der Hauptstadt gezeigt hat

forecasters can get it disastrously wrong — \witness the famous British hurricane of 1987 Meteorologen können sich fürchterlich irren — man denke nur an den berühmten britischen Hurrikan von 1987

III. vi LAW ( form)

▪ to \witness to sth etw bestätigen [o bezeugen]

to \witness to the authenticity of sth die Echtheit einer S. gen bestätigen

* * *

1. n

1) (= person JUR fig) Zeuge m, Zeugin f

2) (= evidence) Zeugnis nt

2. vt

1) (= see) accident Zeuge/Zeugin sein bei or (+gen); scenes (mit)erleben, mit ansehen; changes erleben

2) (= testify) bezeugen

3) (= consider as evidence) denken an (+acc), zum Beispiel nehmen

4) (= attest by signature) signature, will bestätigen

3. vi

* * *

witness [ˈwıtnıs]

A s

1. Zeuge m, Zeugin f ( beide auch JUR und fig):

a witness of the accident ein Unfallzeuge;

be a witness of sth Zeuge von etwas sein;

call sb to witness jemanden als Zeugen anrufen;

a living witness to ein lebender Zeuge (gen);

witness for the prosecution (Br a. for the Crown) JUR Belastungszeuge;

witness for the defence (US defense) JUR Entlastungszeuge; → god 2, prosecute A 5

2. Zeugnis n, Bestätigung f, Beweis m ( alle:

of, to gen oder für):

in witness whereof JUR urkundlich oder zum Zeugnis dessen; → bear¹ A 16

3. Witness REL Zeuge m oder Zeugin f Jehovas

B v/t

1. bezeugen, bestätigen, beweisen:

witness Shakespeare siehe Shakespeare;

witness my hand and seal JUR urkundlich dessen meine Unterschrift und mein Siegel;

this agreement witnesseth JUR dieser Vertrag beinhaltet

2. Zeuge sein von, zugegen sein bei, (mit)erleben (auch fig):

did anybody witness the accident? hat jemand den Unfall gesehen?;

this year has witnessed many changes dieses Jahr hat schon viele Veränderungen gesehen oder gebracht

3. fig zeugen von, Zeuge sein von (oder gen), Zeugnis ablegen von

4. JUR

a) jemandes Unterschrift beglaubigen, ein Dokument als Zeuge unterschreiben

b) ein Dokument unterschriftlich beglaubigen

5. denken an (akk):

witness the fact that … denken Sie nur daran, dass …

C v/i JUR aussagen ( against gegen; for, to für):

witness to sth fig etwas bezeugen

* * *

1) Zeuge, der/Zeugin, die (of, to Gen.)

2) see eyewitness

3) no pl. (evidence) Zeugnis, das (geh.)

1) (see)

2) (attest genuineness of) bestätigen [Unterschrift, Echtheit eines Dokuments]

* * *

bezeugen v. n.

Zeuge -n f.

testifier;

witness;

( поручитель) voucher;

warrantor

1) testimone m. e f. (anche dir.)

2) (testimony) testimonianza f.

1) (see) assistere a, essere testimone di [incident, burglary]

2) (at official occasion) sottoscrivere (come testimone) [document, treaty]; fare da testimone a [ marriage]

3) fig.

* * *

1) (a person who has seen or was present at an event etc and so has direct knowledge of it: Someone must have seen the accident but the police can find no witnesses.) testimone

2) (a person who gives evidence, especially in a law court.) testimone

3) (a person who adds his signature to a document to show that he considers another signature on the document to be genuine: You cannot sign your will without witnesses.) testimone

1) (to see and be present at: This lady witnessed an accident at three o'clock this afternoon.) essere testimone di

2) (to sign one's name to show that one knows that (something) is genuine: He witnessed my signature on the new agreement.) attestare

•

- witness-box / witness-stand

* * *

1) testimone m. e f. (anche dir.)

2) (testimony) testimonianza f.

1) (see) assistere a, essere testimone di [incident, burglary]

2) (at official occasion) sottoscrivere (come testimone) [document, treaty]; fare da testimone a [ marriage]

3) fig.

क्रिया [कृ भावे करणादौ वा श cf. P.III]

1 Doing, execu- tion, performance, accomplishment; उपचार˚, धर्म˚; प्रत्युक्तं हि प्रणयिषु सतामीप्सितार्थक्रियैव Me.116.

-2 An action, act, business, undertaking; प्रणयिक्रिया V.4.15; Ms.2.4.

-3 Activity, bodily action, labour.

-4 Teaching, instruction; क्रिया हि वस्तूपहिता प्रसीदति R.3.29. क्रिया हि द्रव्यं विनयति नाद्रव्यम् Kau. A.1.5.

-5 Possession of some act (as of singing, dancing &c.), knowledge; शिष्टा क्रिया कस्यचिदात्मसंस्था M.1.16.

-6 Practice (opp. शास्त्र theory).

-7 A literary work, composition; शृणुत मनोभिर- वहितैः क्रियामिमां कालिदासस्य V.1.2; कालिदासस्य क्रियायां कथं परिषदो बहुमानः M.1.

-8 A purificatory rite, a religious rite or ceremony; Ms.1.43.

-9 An expiatory rite, expiation.

-1 (a) The ceremony of offering oblations to the deceased ancestors (श्राद्ध). (b) Obsequies.

-11 Worship; त्रैतादिषु हरेरर्चा क्रियायै कविभिः 'कृता Bhāg.7.14.39.

-12 Medical treatment, application of remedies, cure; शीतक्रिया M.4 cold remedies.

-13 (In gram.) Action, the general idea expressed by a verb.

-14 Motion.

-15 Especially, motion as one of the seven categories of the Vaiśeṣikas; see कर्मन्.

-16 (In law) Judicial investigation by human means (witnesses &c.) or by ordeals.

-17 Burden of proof; क्रिया स्याद्वादिनोर्द्वयोः, द्वयो- रपि वादिनोः क्रिया प्राप्नोति V. May.

-18 A verb.

-19 A noun of action.

-2 Disquisition.

-21 Study.

-22 Means, expedients.

-23 Instrument, implement.

-24 A con- struction; कूपप्रपापुष्करिणीवनानां चक्रुः क्रियास्तत्र च धर्मकामाः Bu. Ch.2.12.

-25 Spirit (अध्यात्म) ?; द्रव्यक्रियाकारकाख्यं धूत्वा यान्त्यपुनर्भवम् Bhāg.12.6.38.

-Comp. -अन्वित a. practising ritual observances.

-अपवर्गः 1 completion or termination of an affair, execution of a task; क्रियापवर्गे- ष्वनुजीविसात् कृताः Ki.1.14.

-2 liberation from ceremoni- al acts, absolution.

-अभ्युपगमः a special agreement; क्रियाभ्युपगमात्त्वेतत् बीजार्थं यत्प्रदीयते Ms.9.53;

-अर्थ a.

1 (a Vedic injunction) enjoining some duty.

-2 useful for some purpose; अपि क्रियार्थं सुलभं समित्कुशम् Ku.5.33.

-अव- सन्न a. one who loses a law-suit through the statements of the witnesses &c.

-आरम्भः Cooking; आत्मार्थं च क्रिया- रम्भः Ms.11.64.

-इन्द्रियम् see कर्मेंन्द्रिय.

-कलापः 1 the whole body of ceremonies enjoined in the Hindu religi- ous law.

-2 all the particulars or points of any business.

-कल्पः a particular mode of diognosis.

-काण्डम् The portion of a श्रुति text treating of the sacrifices.

-कारः 1 an agent, worker.

-2 a beginner, tyro, a fresh student.

-3 an agreement.

-तन्त्रम् one of the four classes of Tantras; Buddha.

-द्वेषिन् m. a witness whose testimony is prejudicial to the cause (one of the five kinds of witnesses).

-द्वैतम् efficient cause.

-निर्देशः evidence.

-पटु a. dexterous.

-पथः mode of medical treatment.

-पदम् a verb.

-पर a. diligent in the perfor- mance of one's duty.

-पादः the third division of a legal plaint; that is, witnesses, documents and other proofs adduced by the plaintiff or complainant.

-माधुर्यम् beauty of art and architecture; अहो क्रियामाधुर्यं पाषाणानाम् Pratimā 3.

-यज्ञः religious rites (such as गर्भाधानसंस्कार); Mb.1.18.5.

-योगः 1 connection with the verb.

-2 the employment of expedients or means; तदा तत्प्रतिकाराच्च सततं वा विचिन्तनात् । आधिव्याधिप्रशमनं क्रियायोगद्वये न तु ॥ Mb. 3.2.23.

-3 the practical form of Yoga philosophy i. e. active devotion.

-लोपः omission or discontinuance of any of the essential ceremonies of the Hindu religion; क्रिया- लोपाद् वृषलत्वं गताः Ms.1.43.

-वशः necessary influence of acts done.

-वाचक, -वाचिन् a. expressing any action, as a verbal noun.

-वादिन् m. a plaintiff, complainant.

-विधिः a rule of action, manner of any rite; अयमुक्तो विभागो वः पुत्राणां च क्रियाविधिः Ms.9.22.

-विशेषणम्, 1 an adverb.

-2 a predicative adjective.

-शक्तिः f. the power of god (in creating this world).

-संक्रान्तिः f. imparting (to others) one's knowledge; teaching; विवादे दर्शयिष्यन्तं क्रियासंक्रान्तिमात्मनः M.1.19.

-समभिहारः [cf. P.III.1.22] the repetition of any act; क्रियासम- भिहारेण विराध्यन्तं क्षमेत कः Śi.2.43.

wit·ness [ʼwɪtnəs] n <pl - es>

( observer or attester to sth) Zeuge, -in m, f (to +gen);

as God is my \witness,... Gott ist mein Zeuge,...;

\witness [to a marriage] Trauzeuge, -in m, f;

in the presence of two \witnesses in Gegenwart zweier Zeugen/Zeuginnen;

according to \witnesses Zeugenaussagen zufolge;

before \witnesses vor Zeugen/Zeuginnen

2) law ( sb giving testimony) Zeuge, -in m, f;

your \witness! Ihr Zeuge/Ihre Zeugin!;

character \witness Leumundszeuge, -in m, f;

\witness for the defence/ prosecution [or defence/prosecution \witness] Zeuge, -in m, f, der Verteidigung/Anklage Entlastungs-/Belastungszeuge, -in m, f;

expert \witness Gutachter(in) m(f);

key \witness for the defence Hauptentlastungszeuge, -in m, f;

in \witness whereof ( form) zum Zeugnis dessen ( geh)

to appear as a \witness als Zeuge/Zeugin auftreten;

to call a \witness einen Zeugen/eine Zeugin aufrufen;

to hear/swear in a \witness einen Zeugen/eine Zeugin vernehmen/vereidigen

3) no pl (form: proof) Zeugnis nt ( geh)

to bear \witness to sth von etw dat zeugen ( geh), etw zeigen;

to bear false \witness (old) falsches Zeugnis ablegen veraltend ( form)

4) rel ( of belief) Bekenntnis nt;

to bear \witness to sth von etw dat Zeugnis ablegen;

thou shalt not bear false \witness du sollst nicht falsch Zeugnis reden vt

1) ( see)

to \witness sth etw beobachten, Zeuge/Zeugin einer S. gen sein;

to \witness sb doing sth sehen, wie jd etw tut;

( watch attentively) beobachten, wie jd etw tut

2) ( experience)

to \witness sth etw miterleben;

the past few years have \witnessed momentous changes throughout Eastern Europe die vergangenen Jahre sahen tief greifende Veränderungen in ganz Osteuropa

3) ( attest)

to \witness sth etw bestätigen;

to \witness sb's signature jds Unterschrift beglaubigen;

to \witness a will ein Testament als Zeuge/Zeugin unterschreiben

4) usu passive

as \witnessed by sth ( demonstrated) wie etw zeigt [o beweist];

as \witnessed by the number of tickets sold... wie man anhand der verkauften Karten sehen kann,...

5) ( behold)

the situation is still unstable - \witness the recent outbreak of violence in the capital die Lage ist noch immer instabil, wie der jüngste Ausbruch von Gewalt in der Hauptstadt gezeigt hat;

forecasters can get it disastrously wrong - \witness the famous British hurricane of 1987 Meteorologen können sich fürchterlich irren - man denke nur an den berühmten britischen Hurrikan von 1987 vi law ( form);

to \witness to sth etw bestätigen [o bezeugen];

to \witness to the authenticity of sth die Echtheit einer S. gen bestätigen

f deposition

da un'alta carica removal

di regnante; overthrow

* * *

deposizione s.f.

1 deposition: deposizione da una carica, removal (o dismissal) from office; deposizione dal trono, deposition from the throne (o dethronement) // la Deposizione ( di Cristo), the Deposition (from the Cross) // la Deposizione di Tiziano, Titian's Deposition

2 (dir.) deposition; evidence [U], testimony: le deposizioni dei testimoni, the evidence of the witnesses; fare una deposizione, to depose (o to make a deposition o to testify): fare una deposizione in favore di qlcu., to give evidence in s.o.'s favour; firmare la deposizione, to sign the deposition.

* * *

sostantivo femminile

1) dir. testimony, evidence

2) (destituzione) (di dirigente) removal; (dal trono) deposition

3) relig. art.

4) zool. (delle uova) laying

* * *

deposizione

/depozit'tsjone/

sostantivo f.

 1 dir. testimony, evidence

 2 (destituzione) (di dirigente) removal; (dal trono) deposition

 3 relig. art. la deposizione the Deposition

 4 zool. (delle uova) laying.

- naoczny świadek an eyewitness

- świadek wypadku a witness to an accident

- nie wyprze się, powiedział to przy świadkach he can’t take it back – he said it in front of witnesses

- porozmawiajmy bez świadków let’s talk in private

- świadek oskarżenia a prosecution witness, a witness for the prosecution

- świadek obrony a defence witness, a witness for the defence

- zeznania świadków the witnesses’ testimony

- powoływać kogoś na świadka to call sb as a witness

- być świadkiem na czyimś ślubie to be a witness at sb’s wedding

- □ fałszywy świadek Prawo false witness

- niemy a. milczący świadek silent witness

- Świadkowie Jehowy Relig. Jehovah’s Witnesses

- oprzeć coś na czymś to rest sth against sth, to put sth on sth

- oprzeć drabinę o ścianę to lean a. prop the ladder against the wall

- oprzeć głowę na czyimś ramieniu to lean a. rest one’s head on sb’s shoulder

- oskarżenie oparte na zeznaniach świadków an accusation based on the witnesses’ testimony

- teza oparta na szczegółowych badaniach a theory grounded a. founded on thorough research

- oprzeć się na lasce to lean on a walking cane

- oparł się plecami o drzwi/ścianę he put his back against the door/the wall

- oprzyj się o mnie lean on me

- opierać się na swojej wiedzy to draw on one’s knowledge

- prokurator oparł się na jego zeznaniach the prosecutor based the case on his testimony

- teoria opiera się na wnikliwych badaniach the theory is grounded a. founded on careful study a. research

- tekst opiera się na faktach the text is based on facts

- opierać się pokusie zrobienia czegoś to resist the temptation to do sth

- nie potrafię oprzeć się słodyczom I can’t resist sweets

- zdrowy organizm oprze się chorobom a healthy body will resist diseases

- nie mógł się oprzeć wrażeniu, że… he couldn’t help but get the impression that…

- cofające się wojsko oparło się tuż przy granicy the retreating army stopped by the border

- sprawa oparła się o prokuratora prosecution proceedings were launched in this case

- ta sprawa będzie musiała oprzeć się o policję the police will have to be brought in to this case

witness [ˈwɪtnɪs]

1. noun

( = person) témoin m

• witness for the defence/prosecution témoin m à décharge/à charge

• there were three witnesses to this event trois personnes ont été témoins de cet événement

• often children are witness to violent events les enfants sont souvent témoins de violences

• in front of two witnesses en présence de deux témoins

• to call sb as witness citer qn comme témoin

• witness the case of... témoin le cas de...

► to bear witness to sth témoigner de qch

• his poems bear witness to his years spent in India ses poèmes témoignent de ses années passées en Inde

2. transitive verb

   a. ( = see) [+ attack, theft, fight] être témoin de

• the accident was witnessed by several people plusieurs personnes ont été témoins de l'accident

• 1989 witnessed the birth of a new world order 1989 a vu l'avènement d'un nouvel ordre mondial

   b. (legally) [+ document] certifier l'authenticité de

3. compounds

► witness box (British), witness stand (US) noun barre f des témoins

• in the witness box or stand à la barre

* * *

1) gen, Law ( person) témoin m

2) ( testimony) témoignage m

transitive verb

1) ( see) être témoin de, assister à

2) ( at official occasion) servir de témoin lors de la signature de [document, treaty]; être témoin à [marriage]

3) fig