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not+till

Толкование Перевод

1 till

حَتَّى \ even: showing a fact from which one may guess other facts: I invited him, but he didn’t even answer my letter (so, clearly, he did not come). It’s cold here, even in summer (so, clearly, it is very cold in winter), showing an unexpected fact: He was very kind; he even lent me some money, (used to give more force to a comparative word): He knows even less than I do. He’s even lazier than you are. in order that: so that; with the purpose that: We hurried in order that we should not arrive late. in order to: so as to; with the intention to: He saved his money in order to buy a bicycle. (no sooner)... than: as soon as: No sooner had I found the key than I lost it again (I lost it very soon after I had found it). so that: used for showing purpose: He helped me with the work so that we’d finish earlier. till: up to the time when: I waited till he was ready. till: up to (a certain time): We waited from 6.30 till midnight. We can’t go till Monday. to: in expressions of place and time; showing where sb. or sth. goes; showing an aim or limit; showing a point that is reached: We walked to school. I was away from June to October. until: up to the time that: She stayed until I returned.

Arabic-English glossary > till
2 tillægge

ascribe, attribute, credit, give (someone) credit (for something)

* * *

vb

( tilskrive) ascribe to, attribute to ( fx ascribe base motives to somebody; he is attributed opinions which he does not hold);

( give skylden for) put down to,

F impute to;

( opdrætte) breed, rear;

[ søen er tillagt] the lake is frozen over;

[ tillægge noget vigtighed] attach importance to something;

(se også vane).

Danish-English dictionary > tillægge
3 ei ennen kuin

• not till

Suomi-Englanti sanakirja > ei ennen kuin
4 ikke før

not till

Norwegian-English ordbok > ikke før
5 nicht vor

not till

Deutsch-Englisches Wörterbuch > nicht vor
6 erst als

not till; only when; not until

* * *

adv.

not before (not until) expr.

not until adv.

only when adv. ausdr.

not till expr.

Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > erst als
7 nicht vor

not until; not till

* * *

ausdr.

not till expr.

Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > nicht vor
8 nicht früher als

not until; not till

* * *

ausdr.

not before (no earlier than) expr.

Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > nicht früher als
9 først da

not till then, only then

Norsk-engelsk ordbok > først da
10 vasta silloin

• not till then

Suomi-Englanti sanakirja > vasta silloin
11 erst

Adv.

1. (als erstes) first; (anfangs, dann nicht mehr) at first; erst einmal first; wir müssen erst ( einmal) aufräumen auch we’ve got to tidy (Am. clean) up before we do anything else; erst hatte sie noch Angst, aber dann... at first she was still frightened, but then...; erst mal stimmt das gar nicht, und dann... first(ly) ( oder for a start) it’s not true, and then...

2. (nicht früher als) only, not until ( oder till); zukunftsbezogen: auch not before; erst als oder wenn only when; erst jetzt / dann only now / then, not until ( oder till) now / then; erst jetzt wissen wir... only now do we know..., not until ( oder till) now did we know...; erst in zehn Minuten not for ten minutes, in ten minutes’ time; erst als er anrief, wurde mir klar... it was only when he rang up (Am. called) that I realized...; erst nach der Vorstellung not until ( oder till) after the performance

3. (nicht länger zurückliegend als) only, just; ( eben oder gerade) erst just; erst gestern only yesterday; erst vor kurzem only a short while ago; ich habe sie erst letzte Woche gesehen I saw her only last week, it was only last week (that) I saw her

4. (bloß) only, just; sie ist erst zwanzig she is only twenty; es ist erst zwei Tage her it’s only two days ago; mit einer Arbeit erst am Anfang sein have (only) just begun a job, be still (only) at the beginning of a job; ich habe erst zwei Antworten bekommen I’ve only had two replies (so far)

5. zukünftig: (noch) still, yet; das muss sich erst noch zeigen that remains to be seen; der muss erst noch geboren werden, der... no one has yet been born who..., the man has yet to be born who...; wenn du erst so alt bist wie ich when you get to my age; wenn wir erst reich sind, werden wir... when ( oder once) we’re rich ( oder wait till we’re rich), then we’ll...; wäre er erst (nur schon) hier! if only he were here

6. hervorhebend, steigernd: ich bin so müde - und ich erst! how about me then!; was glaubst du, wie mir erst zumute ist? how do you think 'I feel? du solltest ihn erst mal sehen! (just) wait till you see him; das versuche ich erst gar nicht I shan’t (Am. won’t) even bother to try (it); was wird sie erst sagen, wenn sie das erfährt? whatever is she going to say when she hears about that then?; was wird erst Peter dazu sagen? whatever is Peter going to say about it?

7. erst recht all the more; jetzt erst recht nicht! absolutely definitely not!; that settles it, no!, Am. no way!; dann kann er es ja erst recht tun all the more reason (for him) to do so; jetzt zeig ich’s ihr erst recht! now I’m really going to show her; das macht es erst recht schlimm that makes it even worse

* * *

not till (Adv.); only (Adv.); at first (Adv.); not until (Adv.)

* * *
[eːɐst]
adv

1) first; (= anfänglich) at first

mach érst (ein)mal die Arbeit fertig — finish your work first

érst mal ist das gar nicht wahr... — first or for one thing it's just not true...

érst einmal musst du an deine Pflicht denken — you should consider your duty first

wenn du das érst einmal hinter dir hast — once you've got that behind you

érst wollte er, dann wieder nicht — first he wanted to, then he didn't

See:

→ Arbeit

2) (= nicht mehr als, bloß) only; (= nicht früher als auch) not until

eben or gerade érst — just

érst gestern — only yesterday

érst jetzt verstehe ich... — I have only just understood...

érst jetzt wissen wir... — it is only now that we know...

érst morgen — not until or before tomorrow

érst vor Kurzem — only a short time ago

es ist érst 6 Uhr — it is only 6 o'clock

wir fahren érst übermorgen/érst später — we're not going until the day after tomorrow/until later

sie war érst 6 Jahre — she was only 6

érst als — only when, not until

érst wenn — only if or when, not until

3) (emph = gar, nun gar)

da gings érst richtig los — then it really got going

was wird Mutter érst sagen! — whatever will mother say!

was wird dann érst passieren? — whatever will happen then?

sie ist schon ziemlich blöd, aber érst ihre Schwester! — she is fairly stupid, but you should see her sister!

da fange ich érst gar nicht an — I simply won't (bother to) begin

wie wird er sich érst ärgern, wenn er das noch erfährt — he really will be annoyed when he finds out about that

jetzt érst recht/recht nicht! — that just makes me all the more determined

da tat er es érst recht! — so he did it deliberately

das macht es érst recht schlimm — that makes it even worse or all the worse

da habe ich mich érst recht geärgert — then I really did get annoyed

4)

wäre er doch érst zurück! — if only he were back!

diese Gerüchte darf man gar nicht érst aufkommen lassen — these rumours (Brit) or rumors (US) mustn't even be allowed to start

* * *

1) (before all others in place, time or rank: the first person to arrive; The boy spoke first.) first

2) (not longer ago than: I saw him only yesterday.) only

3) (first or leading: Italy's premier industrialist.) premier

* * *

erst

[ˈe:ɐ̯st]

I. adv

1. (zuerst) [at] first

\erst sagst du ja, dann wieder nein! first you say yes, then you say no again!

\erst schien noch die Sonne, aber dann fing es bald an zu regnen at first it was sunny but it soon started to rain

mach \erst [ein]mal die Arbeit fertig finish your work first

wenn du das \erst einmal hinter dir hast once you've got that over with

2. (nicht früher als) only

wecken Sie mich bitte \erst um 8 Uhr! please don't wake me until 8 o'clock!

er hat mich \erst darauf aufmerksam gemacht, als es schon zu spät war he didn't draw my attention to it until it was too late

ich brauche die Rechnung \erst in 5 Wochen zu bezahlen I don't need to pay the bill for another 5 weeks

\erst gestern/heute/morgen only yesterday/today/tomorrow

der nächste Zug fährt \erst morgen the next train doesn't leave until tomorrow

\erst jetzt only now

eben/gerade \erst [only] just

\erst vor kurzem only recently, only just

\erst als... only when...

\erst wenn only if

\erst..., wenn only... if

3. (bloß) only

II. part (verstärkend)

an deiner Stelle würde ich \erst gar nicht anfangen if I was in your shoes I wouldn't even start

wenn wir zu Hause sind, dann kannst du \erst was erleben! when we get home you'll be in real trouble!

▶ \erst recht all the more

▶ jetzt \erst recht/recht nicht!

jetzt zeigst du es ihr \erst recht! now you can really show her!

tu, was man dir sagt! — nein, jetzt \erst recht nicht! do what you're told! no, now I definitely won't do it!

* * *
1.
Adverb

1) (zuerst) first

erst einmal — first [of all]

erst noch — first

eine solche Frau muss erst noch geboren werden — such a woman has not yet been born

2) (nicht eher als)

eben erst — only just

er will erst in drei Tagen/einer Stunde zurückkommen — he won't be back for three days/an hour

erst nächste Woche/um 12 Uhr — not until next week/12 o'clock

er war erst zufrieden, als... — he was not satisfied until...

3) (noch nicht mehr als) only

erst eine Stunde/halb soviel — only an hour/half as much

sie ist mit ihrer Arbeit erst am Anfang — she is only just beginning her work
2.
Partikel

so was lese ich gar nicht erst — I don't even start reading that sort of stuff

jetzt tue ich es erst recht! — that makes me even more determined to do it

* * *

erst adv

1. (als erstes) first; (anfangs, dann nicht mehr) at first;

erst einmal first;

wir müssen erst (einmal) aufräumen auch we’ve got to tidy (US clean) up before we do anything else;

erst hatte sie noch Angst, aber dann … at first she was still frightened, but then …;

erst mal stimmt das gar nicht, und dann … first(ly) ( oder for a start) it’s not true, and then …

2. (nicht früher als) only, not until ( oder till); zukunftsbezogen: auch not before;

erst als oder

wenn only when;

erst jetzt/dann only now/then, not until ( oder till) now/then;

erst jetzt wissen wir … only now do we know …, not until ( oder till) now did we know …;

erst in zehn Minuten not for ten minutes, in ten minutes’ time;

erst als er anrief, wurde mir klar … it was only when he rang up (US called) that I realized …;

erst nach der Vorstellung not until ( oder till) after the performance

3. (nicht länger zurückliegend als) only, just;

(

eben oder

gerade)

erst just;

erst gestern only yesterday;

erst vor Kurzem only a short while ago;

ich habe sie erst letzte Woche gesehen I saw her only last week, it was only last week (that) I saw her

4. (bloß) only, just;

sie ist erst zwanzig she is only twenty;

es ist erst zwei Tage her it’s only two days ago;

mit einer Arbeit erst am Anfang sein have (only) just begun a job, be still ( only) at the beginning of a job;

ich habe erst zwei Antworten bekommen I’ve only had two replies (so far)

5. zukünftig: (noch) still, yet;

das muss sich erst noch zeigen that remains to be seen;

der muss erst noch geboren werden, der … no one has yet been born who …, the man has yet to be born who …;

wenn du erst so alt bist wie ich when you get to my age;

wenn wir erst reich sind, werden wir … when ( oder once) we’re rich ( oder wait till we’re rich), then we’ll …;

wäre er erst (nur schon)

hier! if only he were here

6. hervorhebend, steigernd: ich bin so müde -

und ich erst! how about me then!;

was glaubst du, wie mir erst zumute ist? how do you think 'I feel?

du solltest ihn erst mal sehen! (just) wait till you see him;

das versuche ich erst gar nicht I shan’t (US won’t) even bother to try (it);

was wird sie erst sagen, wenn sie das erfährt? whatever is she going to say when she hears about that then?;

was wird erst Peter dazu sagen? whatever is Peter going to say about it?

7.

erst recht all the more;

jetzt erst recht nicht! absolutely definitely not!; that settles it, no!, US no way!;

dann kann er es ja erst recht tun all the more reason (for him) to do so;

jetzt zeig ich’s ihr erst recht! now I’m really going to show her;

das macht es erst recht schlimm that makes it even worse

erst… num

1. first;

als Erstes first of all, to start with;

erstes Kapitel chapter one;

Erste Hilfe first aid;

am ersten Mai on the first of May, on May the first;

1. Mai 1st May, besonders US May 1(st);

heute ist der Erste it’s the first (of the month) today;

am Ersten (des Monats) on the first (of the month);

(am) nächsten/letzten Ersten on the first of next/last month;

jemandem zum nächsten Ersten kündigen give sb notice for the first of the following month;

er war Erster he was ( oder came) first;

er war der Erste, der … he was the first to (+inf)

Karl I. Charles I (= Charles the First);

zum Ersten, zum Zweiten, (und) zum Dritten! Auktion: going, going, gone!;

100 zum Ersten, zum Zweiten, (und) zum Dritten 100 for the first time ( oder once), for the second time ( oder twice), gone!;

zum Ersten möchte ich festhalten, dass… in the first place, first of all

2. (best…) Klasse, Wahl: first; Qualität: prime;

erster Rang THEAT, Kino: dress circle;

das erste Haus oder

Hotel am Platze the best hotel in town ( oder in the place);

sie ging als Erste durchs Ziel oder

sie wurde Erste she finished first;

er ist Erster (der Klasse) he’s top of the class;

Erste(r) von hinten umg, hum last; bottom;

die Ersten werden die Letzten sein BIBEL the first shall be last

3. (vorläufig) first;

das ist nur ein erster Entwurf it’s only a first draft;

fürs Erste for the moment, for the time being

4. SCHIFF:

Erster Offizier First Officer ( oder Mate)

5.

erste Beste → erstbest…; → Ehe, Hand¹ 2, Linie 1, Mal¹ etc

* * *
1.
Adverb

1) (zuerst) first

erst einmal — first [of all]

erst noch — first

eine solche Frau muss erst noch geboren werden — such a woman has not yet been born

2) (nicht eher als)

eben erst — only just

er will erst in drei Tagen/einer Stunde zurückkommen — he won't be back for three days/an hour

erst nächste Woche/um 12 Uhr — not until next week/12 o'clock

er war erst zufrieden, als... — he was not satisfied until...

3) (noch nicht mehr als) only

erst eine Stunde/halb soviel — only an hour/half as much

sie ist mit ihrer Arbeit erst am Anfang — she is only just beginning her work
2.
Partikel

so was lese ich gar nicht erst — I don't even start reading that sort of stuff

jetzt tue ich es erst recht! — that makes me even more determined to do it

* * *

adj.

first adj.

foremost adj.

lead-off adj.

Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > erst
12 hasta

adv.

even (incluso).

hasta en verano hace frío it's even cold in summer

conj.

even.

prep.

1 as far as, up to.

voy hasta la próxima estación I'm going as far as the next station

desde aquí hasta allí from here to there

Caminamos hasta el lago We walked all the way to the lake.

2 until, till.

hasta ahora (up) until now, so far

hasta el final right up until the end

hasta luego o pronto o la vista see you (later)

hasta que until, till

hasta que vuelvas until you get back

3 up to.

un interés de hasta el 7 por ciento interest rates of up to 7 percent

4 as many as, so many as.

5 so much as, as much as.

* * *

hasta

► preposición

1 (tiempo) until, till, up to

■ hasta enero until January

■ hasta el sábado until Saturday

■ desde las diez hasta las dos from ten to two

■ sabe contar hasta 20 he can count (up) to 20

2 (lugar) as far as, up to, down to

■ hasta allí up to there

3 (cantidad) up to, as many as

■ había hasta seis coches there were up to six cars

4 (incluso) even

■ hasta sabe escribir she even knows how to write

5 (como despedida) see you

■ ¡hasta el lunes! see you on Monday!

■ ¡hasta mañana! see you tomorrow!

\

FRASEOLOGÍA

desde... hasta... from... to...

■ de Berga hasta Sabadell from Berga to Sabadell

¿hasta cuándo? until when?, how long?

■ ¿hasta cuándo tendremos que aguantar este gobierno? how long are we going to have to put up with this government?

¿hasta dónde? how far?

hasta el punto que... to such a point that...

¡hasta la vista! see you!, cheerio!, US so long!

¡hasta luego! see you later!

hasta más no poder as much as possible

■ bebió hasta más no poder he drank as much as he could take

hasta que until

■ estaré aquí hasta que volváis I'll be here until you come back

* * *

prep.

1) until, till

2) as far as

* * *

1. PREP

1) [en el espacio] [gen] to, as far as; (=hacia arriba) up to; (=hacia abajo) down to

fuimos juntos hasta el primer pueblo, luego nos separamos — we went to o as far as the first village together, then we split up

sus tierras llegan hasta las montañas — their lands stretch to o as far as the mountains

te acompaño, pero solo hasta el final de la calle — I'll go with you, but only to o up to o down to the end of the street

con las lluvias el agua subió hasta aquí — with all the rain the water came up to here

el vestido me llega hasta las rodillas — the dress comes down to my knees

• ¿hasta dónde...? — how far...?

¿hasta dónde vais? — how far are you going?

• hasta tan lejos — that far, as far as that

-fuimos andando hasta la ermita -¿hasta tan lejos? — "we walked to o as far as the chapel" - "that far?" o "as far as that?"

no creía que íbamos a llegar hasta tan lejos — I didn't think we'd get this far

2) [en el tiempo] until, till

se va a quedar hasta el martes — she's staying until o till Tuesday

no me levanto hasta las nueve — I don't get up until o till nine o'clock

no iré hasta después de la reunión — I won't go until o till after the meeting

falta una semana hasta los exámenes — there's a week to go to o until o till the exams

¿siempre escuchas música hasta tan tarde? — do you always listen to music so late (at night)?

el hasta ayer presidente de nuestro club — the hitherto president of our club frm

• hasta ahora — so far, up to now

hasta ahora nadie se ha quejado — so far no one has complained, no one has complained up to now

hasta ahora no se había quejado nadie — no one had complained before o until now o till now

tuve problemas al principio, pero luego las cosas se tranquilizaron y hasta ahora — I had problems at the beginning but then things calmed down and since then it's been OK

• ¿hasta cuándo...? — how long... for?

¿hasta cuándo podemos seguir así? — how long can we carry on like this for?

¿hasta cuándo os quedáis? — how long are you staying (for)?

• hasta entonces — until then, (up) till then

• hasta la fecha — to date

• hasta el momento — so far, up to now, thus far frm

• hasta nueva orden — until further notice

3) [con cantidades] [gen] up to; [con valor enfático] as much as/as many as

puedes gastar hasta 200 euros — you can spend up to 200 euros

duerme hasta diez horas diarias — he sleeps up to ten hours a day

podemos llegar a producir hasta 50 toneladas — we can produce as much as 50 tons

llegó a haber hasta 500 invitados — there were as many as 500 guests

4) [en expresiones de despedida]

• hasta ahora — see you in a minute

• hasta la vista — see you, so long

• hasta luego — see you, bye *

• hasta más ver — see you again

• hasta nunca — I hope I never see you again

• hasta otra — see you again

• hasta pronto — see you soon

• hasta siempre — * goodbye, farewell frm

5) CAm, Col, Méx not... until, not... till

hasta mañana viene — he's not coming until o till tomorrow

lo hizo hasta el martes — he didn't do it until o till Tuesday

hasta hoy lo conocí — I only met him today, I hadn't met him until o till today

2. CONJ

1)

• hasta que — until, till

vivió aquí hasta que murió su mujer — he lived here until o till his wife died

no me iré hasta que (no) me lo des — I won't go until o till you give it to me

2) + infin until, till

no se fueron hasta acabar — they didn't leave until o till they were finished

3.

ADV (=incluso) even

hasta en Valencia hiela a veces — even in Valencia it freezes sometimes

la música estaba tan alta que se oía hasta desde la calle — the music was so loud that you could even hear it from the street
HASTA La preposición hasta tiene varias traducciones posibles, dependiendo de si se emplea en expresiones de tiempo o de lugar. En expresiones de tiempo ► Generalmente se traduce por till o until. Till tiene un uso más informal que until y no suele ir al principio de la frase. El paquete no me llegó hasta dos semanas después The parcel did not arrive until o till two weeks later Hasta entonces las cosas nos iban bien Until then things were going well for us ► Además, hasta también se puede traducir por to en la construcción desde... hasta...: Estoy aquí todos los días desde las ocho hasta las tres I'm here every day from eight until o till o to three Te estuve esperando desde las once de la mañana hasta la una de la tarde I was waiting for you from eleven in the morning until o till o to one in the afternoon En expresiones de lugar ► Cuando usamos hasta en expresiones de lugar, podemos traducirlo por (up/down) to o por as far as: Caminó hasta el borde del acantilado He walked (up) to o as far as the edge of the cliff ¿Vamos hasta la orilla? Shall we go down to the shore? Ya anda solo hasta el sofá He can already walk on his own as far as o (up) to the sofa Para otros usos y ejemplos ver la entrada
* * *
I
preposición

1) ( en el tiempo)

a) until

¿hasta cuándo te quedas? - hasta el viernes — how long are you staying? - until o till Friday

hasta hace unos años — (up) until o up to a few years ago

hasta ahora or hasta el momento — so far, up to now

¿siempre trabajas hasta tan tarde? — do you always work so late?

no descansó hasta terminar — she didn't rest until she'd finished

b)

hasta que — until, till

hasta que + subj: espera hasta que pare de llover wait until o till it stops raining; es inocente hasta que (no) se demuestre lo contrario — he is innocent until proven guilty

c)

hasta tanto — until such time as

hasta tanto (no) contesten — until they reply

d) (AmC, Col, Méx) ( con valor negativo)

será publicado hasta mayo — it won't be published until May

cierran hasta las nueve — they don't close until o till nine

e) ( en saludos)

hasta mañana — see you tomorrow

hasta luego — see you (colloq), bye (colloq)

hasta pronto — see you soon

hasta siempre, amigos — farewell, my friends

2) ( en el espacio) to

desde Puebla hasta Veracruz — from Puebla to Veracruz

el agua me llegaba hasta los hombros — the water came up to my shoulders

¿hasta dónde va usted? — how far are you going?

3) ( en cantidades) up to

hasta cierto punto — up to a point
II
adverbio even

hasta te diría que... — I'd even go as o so far as to say that...

* * *

= through, till, down to, all the way to, up to, all the way up to, as far as.

Ex. Taking 197 as the base year, the price index of journals for an academic veterinary library has risen 143.00 points, an annual average of 15.89 points through 1986.

Ex. In this case when the < Page Down> key was pressed the display scrolled till the cursor reached the end of record.

Ex. A user could formulate a request in natural language, which would then be processed by the system and matched against the data base to give a ranked output down to the set cut-off point.

Ex. Indexes, abstracts, catalogues, bibliographies and so on, leading all the way to computer data bases, are set forth as the modern, timesaving and efficient ways to obtain information.

Ex. If the contractor defaults in his performance and fails to fulfill his contractual promises, the surety can itself complete the contract, or pay damages up to the limit of the bond.

Ex. This organization may vary from a one-person operation in a special library all the way up to an internationally known indexing and abstracting agency.

Ex. The abstractor is expected to reflect the authors' emphases, priorities, order and language as far as is reasonable.

----

* Adjetivo + hasta la saciedad = endlessly + Adjetivo.

* como mínimo hasta que = minimally until.

* comprar hasta caer muerto = shop 'til you drop.

* de hasta + Número = of up to + Número.

* desde el amanecer hasta el atardecer = from dawn (to/till/until) dusk, from dawn (to/till/until) dusk.

* desde entonces hasta la actualidad = from then to the present day.

* desde + Expresión Temporal + hasta el presente = from + Expresión Temporal + up to the present.

* desde + Expresión Temporal + hasta hoy día = from + Expresión Temporal + up to the present day.

* desde + Fecha + hasta ahora = from + Fecha + to the present.

* desde... hasta... = from... through..., during the period + Período de Tiempo, from... right across....

* desde..., pasando por..., hasta... = from..., through..., to....

* el mejor hasta ahora = the best yet.

* el mejor que ha hecho hasta ahora = Posesivo + best yet.

* fumar hasta desaparecer en una nube de humo = smoke + Reflexivo + into a cloud.

* hacer hasta la presente = do + all along.

* hacer + Nombre + llegar hasta aquí = get + Nombre + this far.

* hasta ahora = as yet, hitherto, so far, thus far, to date, up to now, yet, heretofore, all along, up to this point, by now, as of today, until now, up until now, up till now, till now.

* hasta ahora, todo bien = so far, so good.

* hasta aquel entonces = until that time.

* hasta aquel momento = until that time.

* hasta aquí = up to + Posesivo + eyeballs in, thus far, so far, until now, this far.

* hasta aquí de trabajo = up to + Posesivo + eyeballs in work.

* hasta cierto punto = up to a point, to some degree, to some extent.

* hasta donde alcance = to the limits of.

* hasta donde alcanza la vista = as far as the eye can see, as far as the eye can see.

* hasta donde es posible = as far as possible.

* hasta donde llegue = to the limits of.

* hasta donde + Pronombre + saber = to the best of + Posesivo + knowledge.

* hasta donde sea posible = as far as possible.

* hasta el amanacer = till dawn.

* hasta el cuarenta de mayo no te quites el sayo = cast no clout till May is out.

* hasta el cuello = up to + Posesivo + eyeballs in, to the hilt.

* hasta el cuello de trabajo = up to + Posesivo + eyeballs in work.

* hasta el extremo de = to the point of, up to the point of.

* hasta el extremo que = up to the point where, to the point where.

* hasta el final = until the end, until the bitter end.

* hasta el final de los tiempos = till the end of time.

* hasta el fin del mundo = until the end of the world.

* hasta el límite de = to the limits of.

* hasta el límite de las posibilidades de Algo/Alguien = to + Posesivo + full potential.

* hasta el máximo de las posibilidades de Algo/Alguien = to + Posesivo + full potential.

* hasta el mismo = right up to.

* hasta el momento = as yet.

* hasta el momento de = up to the point of, to the point of.

* hasta el momento que = up to the point where, to the point where.

* hasta el presente = until now, so far, up to now, to this day, as of this time, as of now, as of today, to date.

* hasta el punto de = to the point of, up to the point of.

* hasta el punto que = up to the point where, to the point where.

* hasta el suelo = floor-length.

* hasta el último minuto = until the last minute.

* hasta entonces = hitherto, up till then, until that time, until then, till then.

* hasta ese momento = up to that point.

* hasta este momento = up to this point, up to this point.

* hasta + Expresión Temporal = See you + Expresión Temporal, as far back as + Expresión Temporal.

* hasta + Expresión Temporal + inclusive = on or before + Expresión Temporal.

* hasta + Fecha = by + Fecha, up until + Fecha.

* hasta hace muy poco = until recently, up until recently.

* hasta hace relativamente poco tiempo = until relatively recently.

* hasta hace + Tiempo = up until + Tiempo.

* hasta hoy = to date, up to now, so far.

* hasta la actualidad = to date, up to now, so far.

* hasta la cintura = waist deep, waist high, waist length.

* hasta la empuñadura = to the hilt.

* hasta la fecha = to date, up to now, so far.

* hasta la muerte = until the end, forever, until the bitter end.

* hasta la presente = to this day, as of this time, as of now, as of today, to date, so far, up to now.

* hasta la rodilla = knee deep, knee-high.

* hasta la saciedad = ad nauseam.

* hasta los codos = up to + Posesivo + armpits, up to + Posesivo + elbows.

* hasta los hombros = shoulder-high, shoulder-length.

* hasta los tobillos = ankle deep.

* hasta los topes = packed to capacity, bursting at the seams, choc-a-block, chock-full, overloaded, packed to the rafters.

* hasta los topes (de) = bursting with, jam-packed (with), filled to capacity.

* hasta luego = I'll see you on the flipside, I'll catch you on the flipside.

* hasta mañana = I'll see you on the flipside, I'll catch you on the flipside.

* hasta + Nombre + incluido éste = up to and including + Nombre.

* hasta + Nombre + inclusive = up to and including + Nombre.

* hasta nuevo aviso = until further notice.

* hasta + Número = up to + Número.

* hasta pasar a una nueva situación = tide-over.

* hasta pronto = bye for now, I'll see you on the flipside, I'll catch you on the flipside.

* hasta (que) = until.

* Hasta que la muerte nos separe = Till death do us part.

* hasta que no se demuestre lo contrario = until proven otherwise.

* hasta qué punto = how far, the extent to which, to what extent.

* hasta tal grado que = so much so that.

* hasta tal punto + Adjetivo = such a + Nombre.

* hasta tal punto que = to a point where.

* hasta última hora = until the last minute.

* hasta un máximo de + Número = up to + Número.

* hasta un punto limitado = to a limited extent.

* justo hasta = down to.

* llevar Algo hasta el final = carry + Nombre + to the end.

* metido hasta la rodilla = knee deep.

* metido hasta los tobillos = ankle deep.

* no volver hasta + Expresión Temporal = not be back for + Expresión Temporal.

* que cubre hasta la rodilla = knee deep.

* que cubre hasta los tobillos = ankle deep.

* * *
I
preposición

1) ( en el tiempo)

a) until

¿hasta cuándo te quedas? - hasta el viernes — how long are you staying? - until o till Friday

hasta hace unos años — (up) until o up to a few years ago

hasta ahora or hasta el momento — so far, up to now

¿siempre trabajas hasta tan tarde? — do you always work so late?

no descansó hasta terminar — she didn't rest until she'd finished

b)

hasta que — until, till

hasta que + subj: espera hasta que pare de llover wait until o till it stops raining; es inocente hasta que (no) se demuestre lo contrario — he is innocent until proven guilty

c)

hasta tanto — until such time as

hasta tanto (no) contesten — until they reply

d) (AmC, Col, Méx) ( con valor negativo)

será publicado hasta mayo — it won't be published until May

cierran hasta las nueve — they don't close until o till nine

e) ( en saludos)

hasta mañana — see you tomorrow

hasta luego — see you (colloq), bye (colloq)

hasta pronto — see you soon

hasta siempre, amigos — farewell, my friends

2) ( en el espacio) to

desde Puebla hasta Veracruz — from Puebla to Veracruz

el agua me llegaba hasta los hombros — the water came up to my shoulders

¿hasta dónde va usted? — how far are you going?

3) ( en cantidades) up to

hasta cierto punto — up to a point
II
adverbio even

hasta te diría que... — I'd even go as o so far as to say that...

* * *

hasta (que)

= until

Ex: Until the mid nineteenth century the concept of authorship was confined to personal authors.

= through, till, down to, all the way to, up to, all the way up to, as far as.

Ex: Taking 197 as the base year, the price index of journals for an academic veterinary library has risen 143.00 points, an annual average of 15.89 points through 1986.

Ex: In this case when the < Page Down> key was pressed the display scrolled till the cursor reached the end of record.

Ex: A user could formulate a request in natural language, which would then be processed by the system and matched against the data base to give a ranked output down to the set cut-off point.

Ex: Indexes, abstracts, catalogues, bibliographies and so on, leading all the way to computer data bases, are set forth as the modern, timesaving and efficient ways to obtain information.

Ex: If the contractor defaults in his performance and fails to fulfill his contractual promises, the surety can itself complete the contract, or pay damages up to the limit of the bond.

Ex: This organization may vary from a one-person operation in a special library all the way up to an internationally known indexing and abstracting agency.

Ex: The abstractor is expected to reflect the authors' emphases, priorities, order and language as far as is reasonable.

* Adjetivo + hasta la saciedad = endlessly + Adjetivo.

* como mínimo hasta que = minimally until.

* comprar hasta caer muerto = shop 'til you drop.

* de hasta + Número = of up to + Número.

* desde el amanecer hasta el atardecer = from dawn (to/till/until) dusk, from dawn (to/till/until) dusk.

* desde entonces hasta la actualidad = from then to the present day.

* desde + Expresión Temporal + hasta el presente = from + Expresión Temporal + up to the present.

* desde + Expresión Temporal + hasta hoy día = from + Expresión Temporal + up to the present day.

* desde + Fecha + hasta ahora = from + Fecha + to the present.

* desde... hasta... = from... through..., during the period + Período de Tiempo, from... right across....

* desde..., pasando por..., hasta... = from..., through..., to....

* el mejor hasta ahora = the best yet.

* el mejor que ha hecho hasta ahora = Posesivo + best yet.

* fumar hasta desaparecer en una nube de humo = smoke + Reflexivo + into a cloud.

* hacer hasta la presente = do + all along.

* hacer + Nombre + llegar hasta aquí = get + Nombre + this far.

* hasta ahora = as yet, hitherto, so far, thus far, to date, up to now, yet, heretofore, all along, up to this point, by now, as of today, until now, up until now, up till now, till now.

* hasta ahora, todo bien = so far, so good.

* hasta aquel entonces = until that time.

* hasta aquel momento = until that time.

* hasta aquí = up to + Posesivo + eyeballs in, thus far, so far, until now, this far.

* hasta aquí de trabajo = up to + Posesivo + eyeballs in work.

* hasta cierto punto = up to a point, to some degree, to some extent.

* hasta donde alcance = to the limits of.

* hasta donde alcanza la vista = as far as the eye can see, as far as the eye can see.

* hasta donde es posible = as far as possible.

* hasta donde llegue = to the limits of.

* hasta donde + Pronombre + saber = to the best of + Posesivo + knowledge.

* hasta donde sea posible = as far as possible.

* hasta el amanacer = till dawn.

* hasta el cuarenta de mayo no te quites el sayo = cast no clout till May is out.

* hasta el cuello = up to + Posesivo + eyeballs in, to the hilt.

* hasta el cuello de trabajo = up to + Posesivo + eyeballs in work.

* hasta el extremo de = to the point of, up to the point of.

* hasta el extremo que = up to the point where, to the point where.

* hasta el final = until the end, until the bitter end.

* hasta el final de los tiempos = till the end of time.

* hasta el fin del mundo = until the end of the world.

* hasta el límite de = to the limits of.

* hasta el límite de las posibilidades de Algo/Alguien = to + Posesivo + full potential.

* hasta el máximo de las posibilidades de Algo/Alguien = to + Posesivo + full potential.

* hasta el mismo = right up to.

* hasta el momento = as yet.

* hasta el momento de = up to the point of, to the point of.

* hasta el momento que = up to the point where, to the point where.

* hasta el presente = until now, so far, up to now, to this day, as of this time, as of now, as of today, to date.

* hasta el punto de = to the point of, up to the point of.

* hasta el punto que = up to the point where, to the point where.

* hasta el suelo = floor-length.

* hasta el último minuto = until the last minute.

* hasta entonces = hitherto, up till then, until that time, until then, till then.

* hasta ese momento = up to that point.

* hasta este momento = up to this point, up to this point.

* hasta + Expresión Temporal = See you + Expresión Temporal, as far back as + Expresión Temporal.

* hasta + Expresión Temporal + inclusive = on or before + Expresión Temporal.

* hasta + Fecha = by + Fecha, up until + Fecha.

* hasta hace muy poco = until recently, up until recently.

* hasta hace relativamente poco tiempo = until relatively recently.

* hasta hace + Tiempo = up until + Tiempo.

* hasta hoy = to date, up to now, so far.

* hasta la actualidad = to date, up to now, so far.

* hasta la cintura = waist deep, waist high, waist length.

* hasta la empuñadura = to the hilt.

* hasta la fecha = to date, up to now, so far.

* hasta la muerte = until the end, forever, until the bitter end.

* hasta la presente = to this day, as of this time, as of now, as of today, to date, so far, up to now.

* hasta la rodilla = knee deep, knee-high.

* hasta la saciedad = ad nauseam.

* hasta los codos = up to + Posesivo + armpits, up to + Posesivo + elbows.

* hasta los hombros = shoulder-high, shoulder-length.

* hasta los tobillos = ankle deep.

* hasta los topes = packed to capacity, bursting at the seams, choc-a-block, chock-full, overloaded, packed to the rafters.

* hasta los topes (de) = bursting with, jam-packed (with), filled to capacity.

* hasta luego = I'll see you on the flipside, I'll catch you on the flipside.

* hasta mañana = I'll see you on the flipside, I'll catch you on the flipside.

* hasta + Nombre + incluido éste = up to and including + Nombre.

* hasta + Nombre + inclusive = up to and including + Nombre.

* hasta nuevo aviso = until further notice.

* hasta + Número = up to + Número.

* hasta pasar a una nueva situación = tide-over.

* hasta pronto = bye for now, I'll see you on the flipside, I'll catch you on the flipside.

* hasta (que) = until.

* Hasta que la muerte nos separe = Till death do us part.

* hasta que no se demuestre lo contrario = until proven otherwise.

* hasta qué punto = how far, the extent to which, to what extent.

* hasta tal grado que = so much so that.

* hasta tal punto + Adjetivo = such a + Nombre.

* hasta tal punto que = to a point where.

* hasta última hora = until the last minute.

* hasta un máximo de + Número = up to + Número.

* hasta un punto limitado = to a limited extent.

* justo hasta = down to.

* llevar Algo hasta el final = carry + Nombre + to the end.

* metido hasta la rodilla = knee deep.

* metido hasta los tobillos = ankle deep.

* no volver hasta + Expresión Temporal = not be back for + Expresión Temporal.

* que cubre hasta la rodilla = knee deep.

* que cubre hasta los tobillos = ankle deep.

* * *

hasta¹

prep

A (en el tiempo)

1 until

¿hasta cuándo te quedas? — hasta el viernes how long are you staying? — until o till Friday

no se levanta hasta las once she doesn't get up till o until eleven

Francisco Mera, el hasta ahora presidente de la Confederación Francisco Mera, hitherto president of the Confederation ( frml)

hasta hace algunos años until o up until o up to a few years ago

desde que asumieron el poder hasta la fecha or hasta ahora from the time they came to power until now o until the present day

hasta ahora or hasta el momento so far, up to now

¿siempre trabajas hasta tan tarde? do you always work so late?

hasta + INF:

no descansó hasta terminar she didn't rest until she'd finished

2

hasta que until, till

esperamos hasta que paró de llover we waited until it stopped raining

hasta QUE + SUBJ:

espera hasta que pare de llover wait until o till it stops raining

decidieron esperar hasta que parase de llover they decided to wait until o till it stopped raining

es inocente hasta que (no) se demuestre lo contrario he is innocent until proven guilty

no se acuesta hasta que (no) termine de leerlo he doesn't go to bed until he has read it

3

hasta tanto until such time as

hasta tanto el pueblo (no) se pronuncie en un referéndum until such (a) time as the people voice their opinion in a referendum

4

(AmC, Col, Méx) (con valor negativo): será publicado hasta fines de año it won't be published until the end of the year

hasta ahora la gente empieza a darse cuenta people are only (just) beginning to realize now

cierran hasta las nueve they don't close until o till nine

hasta que tomé la píldora se me quitó el dolor the pain didn't go away until o till I took the tablet

5

(en saludos): hasta mañana/la semana que viene see you tomorrow/next week

hasta luego or lueguito ( fam) see you ( colloq), bye ( colloq)

hasta pronto see you soon

hasta ahora see you soon, see you in a minute

hasta siempre, compañeros farewell, my friends

B (en el espacio) to

viajé con ella desde Puebla hasta Veracruz I traveled with her from Puebla to Veracruz

el agua me llegaba hasta los hombros the water came up to o came up as far as my shoulders

traza una línea desde aquí hasta aquí draw a line from here to here

¿me acompañas hasta la parada? will you come to o come as far as the stop with me?

¿hasta dónde va usted? how far are you going?

C (en cantidades) up to

hasta el 80% del total up to 80% of the total

hay que hacer hasta el ejercicio diez inclusive we have to do up to and including exercise ten, we have to do as far as exercise ten

hasta cierto punto tiene razón she's right, up to a point o to a certain extent, she's right

hasta²

adverb

even

eso lo sabe hasta un niño de dos años even a two-year-old knows that

hasta te diría que … I'd even go as o so far as to say that …

* * *

hasta preposición
1 ( en el tiempo)
a) until;

◊ no descansó hasta terminar she didn't rest until she'd finished;

hasta el momento so far, up to now
b)

◊ hasta que until, till;

espera hasta que pare de llover wait until o till it stops raining
c)

◊ hasta tanto until such time as

d) (AmC, Col, Méx) ( con valor negativo):

◊ cierran hasta las nueve they don't close until o till nine

e) ( en saludos):

◊ hasta mañana see you tomorrow;

hasta luego/pronto see you (colloq), see you soon
2 ( en el espacio) to;
◊ el agua me llegaba hasta los hombros the water came up to my shoulders;

el pelo le llega hasta la cintura her hair goes down to her waist;
¿hasta dónde llega? how far does it go?
3 ( en cantidades) up to;
◊ hasta cierto punto up to a point

■ adverbio
even
hasta
I preposición
1 (marca límite: en el espacio) up to, as far as, down to
hasta el final, right to the end
(en el tiempo) until, till, up to
hasta junio, until June
hasta la fecha, up to now
hasta entonces todo había ido bien, until then everything had gone smoothly
(en la cantidad) up to, as many as: sólo puedo gastarme hasta cinco mil pesetas, I can only spend up to five thousand pesetas
(en la acción) till, until: hasta sus últimas consecuencias, till the bitter end
firme hasta la muerte, firm till death
2 (indica sorpresa) even: hasta nosotros nos divertimos con la película, even we enjoyed the film
II conj
1 (seguido de gerundio o cuando) even when: hasta cuando vamos al cine tiene que comer, even when we go to the cinema she has to be eating
hasta llorando está guapo, he's good-looking even when he cries
2 hasta que, until: estúdialo hasta que lo sepas, study it until you know it
♦ Locuciones: hasta luego, see you later
hasta mañana, see you tomorrow
hasta la coronilla, sick and tired
hasta el último detalle, to the last chapter and verse
hasta el día del juicio, till hell freezes o till the cows come home
' hasta' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
acompañar
- ahora
- alcanzar
- aquí
- armada
- armado
- aviso
- bandera
- calada
- calado
- calarse
- charla
- cierta
- cierto
- combatir
- coronilla
- derramamiento
- descolgarse
- desde
- disolución
- entonces
- escobilla
- esprintar
- fecha
- gorgorito
- gorro
- gruñido
- hartar
- inclusive
- incluso
- luego
- mañana
- media
- médula
- moño
- odisea
- paciencia
- pringada
- pringado
- punto
- rasa
- raso
- relativamente
- saciedad
- seguir
- sobremesa
- sopa
- tanta
- tanto
- tarde
English:
actually
- adjourn
- as
- attain
- be
- best
- bitter
- bleed
- blue
- blunder
- bonded warehouse
- brassed off
- brim
- brown
- buckle up
- burn
- bye
- bye-bye
- call at
- certain
- cheer
- cheerio
- cheese off
- clear
- come up to
- cross-country
- date
- death
- deep
- degree
- drip
- end
- even
- ex
- expect
- extend
- extent
- eye
- face
- far
- fast forward
- fight
- fight on
- fill up
- follow through
- further
- gallop up
- get up to
- hear of
- hitherto

* * *

hasta

♦ prep

1. [en el espacio] as far as, up to;

desde aquí hasta allí from here to there;

llegaré hasta allí en diez minutos I'll get there in ten minutes;

¿hasta dónde va este tren? where does this train go?;

¿hasta dónde viajas? where are you travelling to?, how far are you going?;

voy hasta la próxima estación I'm going as far as the next station

2. [en el tiempo] until, till;

quedan dos semanas hasta Navidad there are two weeks to go until o till Christmas;

hasta el final right up until the end;

no vi el mar hasta los diez años I never saw the sea until I was ten years old;

no parará hasta lograr su objetivo she won't stop until she gets what she wants;

nos reímos hasta no poder más we laughed ourselves silly;

hasta ahora [por ahora] (up) until now, so far;
[como despedida] see you later o in a minute;
Carolina Méndez, la hasta ahora portavoz del gobierno Carolina Méndez, who until now has been the government's spokesperson;

hasta que until, till;

esperaré hasta que llegues I'll wait until o till you arrive;

no me detendré hasta que descubra la verdad I won't stop until o till I find out the truth;

falta mucho hasta que esté acabado there's still a long way to go until o till o before it's finished

3. [en saludos]
hasta luego o [m5] pronto o [m5] la vista see you (later);

hasta mañana see you tomorrow;

hasta más ver I'll be seeing you;

hasta nunca I hope I never see you again;

hasta otra I'll see you when I see you, see you again some time;

hasta la próxima see you next time;

hasta siempre farewell;

hasta la vuelta I'll see you when you get back

4. CAm, Col, Ecuad, Méx [no antes de]
pintaremos la casa hasta fin de mes we won't start painting the house until the end of the month;

¿llevas diez días aquí y hasta ahora me llamas? you've been here ten days and it's taken you that long to phone me?

5. [con cantidades] up to;

puedes ganar hasta un millón you can earn up to a million;

un interés de hasta el 7 por ciento interest rates of up to 7 percent;

leí hasta la página 30 I read as far as o up to page 30

♦ adv
[incluso] even;
hasta en verano hace frío it's even cold in summer;

hasta cuando descansa está pensando en el trabajo even when he's resting he's (still) thinking about work;

hasta ellos querían venir even they wanted to come

* * *

hasta

I prp until, till;

hasta que until;

llegó hasta Bilbao he went as far as Bilbao;

hasta aquí up to here;

hasta ahora so far;

¿hasta cuándo? how long?;

no se levanta hasta las diez he doesn’t get up until ten o’clock;

¡hasta luego! see you (later);

¡hasta la vista! see you (later)

II adv even;

hasta un niño podría hacerlo even a child could do it

* * *

hasta adv

: even

hasta prep

1) : until, up until

hasta entonces: until then

¡hasta luego!: see you later!

2) : as far as

nos fuimos hasta Managua: we went all the way to Managua

3) : up to

hasta cierto punto: up to a certain point

4)

hasta que : until

* * *

hasta¹ adv even

hasta el niño sabe eso even the baby knows that

habla hasta comiendo she talks even when she's eating

hasta² prep

1. (tiempo) until / till

esperaré hasta las siete I'll wait until seven

2. (cantidad) up to

puedes gastar hasta mil pesetas you can spend up to a thousand pesetas

en el ascensor caben hasta seis personas the lift can hold up to six people

3. (lugar) as far as

corrí hasta el castillo I ran as far as the castle

desde... hasta from... to

hasta ahora up to now

¿hasta cuándo...? how long...?

¿hasta cuándo te quedas? how long are you staying?

hasta luego see you later

hasta mañana see you tomorrow

hasta que until

esperaré hasta que me llame I'll wait until he phones

Spanish-English dictionary > hasta
13 чак

1. (за време) not till/until/before, only; as late as

чак тогава разбрах it was not until then that I realized

дойде чак в десет часа he didn't come till ten o'clock, he only came at ten o'clock

защо чак сега ми казваш? why didn't you tell me before?

чак до (right) until; as late as

чак до късно през нощта until late into the night

чак сега чух за това I've only just heard about it

2. (за място)

чак до/в as far as, (right) up to, (right) down to, (right) into

чак от all the way from

чак до all the way to; as far as

чак тук all the way here

чак от двора from way out in the yard

отидохме чак до края we went clear to the end

3. (за степен) (all) that, that much

не беше чак толкова лесно it was not all that easy

не е чак толкова придирчив he is not so particular as all that

няма чак толкова значение it doesn't matter all that much

не е чак толкова беден he isn't that poor, he isn't as poor as all that

* * *

чак,

нареч. и част.

1. (за време) not till/until/before, only; as late as; дойде \чак в десет часа he didn’t come till ten o’clock, he only came at ten o’clock; защо \чак сега ми казваш? why didn’t you tell me before? \чак до (right) until; as late as; \чак до късно през нощта until late into the night; \чак сега not till now; \чак сега чух за това I’ve only just heard about it; \чак тогава разбрах it was not until then that I realized;

2. (за място): отидохме \чак до края we went clear to the end; \чак до all the way to; as far as; \чак до/в as far as, (right) up to, (right) down to, (right) into; \чак на върха right at the top; \чак от all the way from; \чак тук all the way here;

3. (за степен) (all) that, that much; не беше \чак толкова лесно it was not all that easy; не е \чак толкова придирчив he is not so particular as all that.

* * *

not till: She did not come home till midnight. - Тя се прибра чак в полунощ.; not before (за място); (за степен): that: I never knew she was чак stupid. - Не предполагах, че е чак толкова глупава.; that much

* * *
1. (за време) not till/until/before, only;as late as 2. (за място): ЧАК до/в as far as, (right) up to, (right) down to, (right) into 3. (за степен) (all) that, that much 4. ЧАК до (right) until;as late as 5. ЧАК до all the way to;as far as 6. ЧАК до късно през нощта until late into the night 7. ЧАК от all the way from 8. ЧАК от двора from way out in the yard 9. ЧАК сега чух за това I've only just heard about it 10. ЧАК тогава разбрах it was not until then that I realized 11. ЧАК тук all the way here 12. дойде ЧАК в десет часа he didn't come till ten o'clock, he only came at ten o'clock 13. защо ЧАК сега ми казваш? why didn't you tell me before? 14. не беше ЧАК толкова лесно it was not all that easy 15. не е ЧАК толкова беден he isn't that poor, he isn't as poor as all that 16. не е ЧАК толкова придирчив hе is not so particular as all that 17. няма ЧАК толкова значение it doesn't matter all that much 18. отидохме ЧАК до края we went clear to the end

Български-английски речник > чак
14 едва

1. (с усилие) with great difficulty

едва изкарвам прехраната си, едва преживявам pick up a scanty livelihood

едва прочитам книга wade through a book

едва се отървах от него I had a hard time getting rid of him, I got rid of him with great difficulty

едва-едва кретам labour (along)

2.(слабо, почти не, за малко да не) hardly, barely, scarcely, only just, just about

тя едва може да чете she can hardly/barely read

едва можех да говоря I could scarcely speak

едва се движех I could hardly/scarcely move

едва го изядох I could hardly manage to eat it

едва се вижда/чува one can hardly/barely see/hear it, it is barely visible/audible

едва го познавам I barely/scarcely know him

едва имах време да I had barely time to

едва не умря he barely escaped death

едва изкарах изпита I (only) just scraped through

едва хванахме влака we all but missed the train

едва успях да се приготвя I just about managed to get ready

едва-едва only just, by/with the skin of o.'s teeth, by a finger's nail

едва се спасихме it was a narrow escape/squeak, it was a narrow/a close shave

едва излизам от криза come narrowly out of a crisis

едва спечелвам (избори и пр.) win by a narrow margin/majority

едва спечелена победа a narrow victory

едва доловима усмивка a scarcely perceptible/an almost imperceptible smile, a ghost of a smile

едва не nearly, almost, very nearly, all but

едва не се сбиха they nearly/all but had a fight

едва не се изсмях I nearly laughed out loud

едва не се разплаках I came near to crying

едва не се удави he nearly drowned

3. (чак) only, not until

едва когато only when ( с инверсия)

едва сега only now ( с инверсия)

едва тогава only then ( с инверсия)

едва сега си дадоха сметка за това only then/not till then did they realize it

едва по-късно not till later ( с инверсия)

едва догодина not until next year

едва вчера only yesterday

едва през XVIII век not until the XVIII c., only in the XVIII с., as late as the XVIII с.

роклята ще бъде свършена едва следващата седмица the dress won't be finished till next week

той писа едва след два месеца it took him two months to write

4. (веднага щом, току-що) just, only just, scarcely ( с перфектно време)

едва...когато no sooner... than, scarcely/barely... when

(с инверсия, когато е в началото на изречението)

едва бе изгряло слънцето, когато hardly/scarcely had the sun risen when, no sooner had the sun risen when, the sun had scarcely/hardly risen when

едва що only just

едва що съм станал I've only just got up

едва на десет години barely ten years old. ли hardly, scarcely, it is hardly likely/probable, it is unlikely

едва е казвал такова нещо he can scarcely have said that

едва ще го повярваш you'll hardly/scarcely believe-it

едва ще дойде he is not likely to come, it is hardly likely/probable that he will/should come

той едва знае/иска I don't suppose he knows/wants

едва е необходимо да ви казвам I need hardly tell you, I needn't tell you

едва не almost, all but; little short of

едва не е гений he is little short of a genius

той е едва не най-добрият шахматист в страната he is probably the best chess-player in the country

* * *

едва̀,

нареч.

1. (с усилие) with great difficulty; \едва-\едва кретам labour (along); \едва изкарвам прехраната си pick up a scanty livelihood; \едва прочитам книга wade through a book; \едва се отървах от него I had a hard time getting rid of him;

2. ( слабо, почти не; за малко да не) hardly, barely, scarcely, only just, just about; \едва доловима усмивка scarcely perceptible/almost imperceptible smile, a flicker of a smile; \едва-\едва only just, by/with the skin of o.’s. teeth, by a finger’s nail; \едва изкарах изпита I (only) just scraped through; \едва не nearly, almost, very nearly, all but; \едва не се разплаках I came near to crying; \едва не умря he barely escaped death; \едва се държа hang on by the eyelids; \едва се спасихме it was a narrow escape/squeak; \едва спечелвам ( избори и пр.) win by a narrow margin/majority; \едва спечелена победа narrow victory; \едва хванахме влака we all but missed the train; тя \едва не падна she was as near as she could to falling down;

3. ( чак) only, not until; \едва когато only when (с инверсия); \едва по-късно not till later (с инверсия); \едва през ХIX век as late as the XIX c.; \едва сега only now (с инверсия); \едва сега осъзнаха това only then/not till then did they realize it; \едва тогава only then (с инверсия); той писа \едва след два месеца it took him two months to write;

4. ( веднага-щом, току-що) just, only just, scarcely (с перфектно време); (с инверсия, когато е в началото на изречението); \едва бе влязъл в стаята, когато … hardly/scarcely had he entered the room when …, no sooner had he entered the room when …; \едва … когато no sooner … than, scarcely/barely … when; \едва-що only just; \едва-що пристигнах I’ve only just arrived; • \едва на десет години barely ten years old.

* * *

barely ; faintly: She can едва hear you. - Тя едва те чува.; just ; lightly ; narrowly ; scarcely

* * *
1. (веднага щом, току-що) just, only just, scarcely (с перфектно време) 2. (с инверсия, когато е в началото на изречението) 3. (с усилие) with great difficulty 4. (слабо, почти не 5. (чак) only, not until 6. ЕДВА - ЕДВА only just, by/with the skin of o.'s teeth, by a finger's nail 7. ЕДВА - ЕДВА кретам labour (along) 8. ЕДВА...когато no sooner... than, scarcely/barely... when 9. ЕДВА бе изгряло слънцето, когато hardly/scarcely had the sun risen when, no sooner had the sun risen when, the sun had scarcely/hardly risen when 10. ЕДВА вчера only yesterday 11. ЕДВА го изядох I could hardly manage to eat it 12. ЕДВА го познавам I barely/scarcely know him 13. ЕДВА догодина not until next year 14. ЕДВА доловима усмивка a scarcely perceptible/an almost imperceptible smile, a ghost of a smile 15. ЕДВА е казвал такова нещо he can scarcely have said that 16. ЕДВА е необходимо да ви казвам I need hardly tell you, I needn't tell you 17. ЕДВА изкарах изпита I (only) just scraped through 18. ЕДВА изкарвам прехраната си, ЕДВА преживявам pick up a scanty livelihood 19. ЕДВА излизам от криза come narrowly out of a crisis 20. ЕДВА имах време да I had barely time to 21. ЕДВА когато only when (с инверсия) 22. ЕДВА можех да говоря I could scarcely speak 23. ЕДВА на десет години barely ten years old.ли hardly, scarcely, it is hardly likely/probable, it is unlikely 24. ЕДВА не almost, all but;little short of 25. ЕДВА не nearly, almost, very nearly, all but 26. ЕДВА не е гений he is little short of a genius 27. ЕДВА не се изсмях I nearly laughed out loud 28. ЕДВА не се разплаках I came near to crying 29. ЕДВА не се сбиха they nearly/all but had a fight 30. ЕДВА не се удави he nearly drowned 31. ЕДВА не умря he barely escaped death 32. ЕДВА по-късно not till later (с инверсия) 33. ЕДВА през XVIII век not until the XVIII c., only in the XVIII с., as late as the XVIII с. 34. ЕДВА прочитам книга wade through a book 35. ЕДВА се вижда/ чува one can hardly/barely see/hear it, it is barely visible/audible 36. ЕДВА се движех I could hardly/scarcely move 37. ЕДВА се отървах от него I had a hard time getting rid of him, I got rid of him with great difficulty 38. ЕДВА се спасихме it was a narrow escape/squeak, it was a narrow/a close shave 39. ЕДВА сега only now (с инверсия) 40. ЕДВА сега си дадоха сметка за това only then/not till then did they realize it 41. ЕДВА спечелвам (избори и np.) win by a narrow margin/majority 42. ЕДВА спечелена победа a narrow victory 43. ЕДВА тогава only then (с инверсия) 44. ЕДВА успях да се приготвя I just about managed to get ready 45. ЕДВА хванахме влака we all but missed the train 46. ЕДВА ще го повярваш you'll hardly/scarcely believe-it 47. ЕДВА ще дойде he is not likely to come, it is hardly likely/probable that he will/should come 48. ЕДВА що only just 49. ЕДВА що съм станал I've only just got up 50. за малко да не) hardly, barely, scarcely, only just, just about 51. роклята ще бъде свършена ЕДВА следващата седмица the dress won't be finished till next week 52. той ЕДВА знае/иска I don't suppose he knows/wants 53. той е ЕДВА не най-добрият шахматист в страната he is probably the best chess-player in the country 54. той писа ЕДВА след два месеца it took him two months to write 55. тя ЕДВА може да чете she can hardly/barely read

Български-английски речник > едва
15 først

num

пе́рвый

den første — пе́рвое (число́)

* * *

first, at first, initially

* * *

I. adj first;

( førstnævnte af to) (the) former;

( i orkester) principal ( fx he was principal clarinetist);

[ den første den bedste] the first that comes along;

[ en af de første dage] one of the next few days;

[ i de første dage af maj] in the early days of May;

[ de tre første dage] the first three days;

[ noget af det første han sagde] one of the first things he said;

[ for det første] first(ly), in the first place; to begin with;

[ med det første] soon, before long, shortly;

[ den første maj]

( over brev) 1 May, 1st May,

(især am) May 1(st);

( i tekst) on the first of May, on May (the) 1(st);

( som festdag) May Day;

(se også april, gang, præmie, rang, række, ungdom).

II. adv first ( fx he first asked my name, then he...);

( i begyndelsen) at first ( fx at first it seemed rather easy, but it was not long before I saw I was mistaken);

( ikke før) not until,

T not till ( fx he did not come till 5 o'clock; not until two days after did she see him again),

( kun om det fortidige) only ( fx he came only yesterday);

[ bliver han først vred er han] once he gets angry he is;

[ først da]

(adv) not till then, only then,

(conj) only when;

[ da det først gik op for ham at] once he realized that;

[ først for en halv time siden] only half an hour ago;

[ fra først af] at first, from the first, originally;

[ fra først til sidst] from first to last;

[ først og fremmest] first of all, first and foremost,

F primarily;

[ gå først]

(dvs forrest) go first, lead (the way);

[ først i maj] early in May,

( ikke før) not till May;

[ først i tyverne (, trediverne etc)] early in the twenties (, thirties etc);

( om person) in his (, her) early twenties (, thirties etc);

[ først lige] only just;

[ først nu] only now, not until now, now at last;

[ når først] once ( fx once he gets angry he is...);

[ først om et halvt år] not for six months;

[ først på året] early in the year;

[ først på foråret] in early spring;

[ først på måneden] in the beginning of the month.

Danish-English dictionary > først
16 dēmum

dēmum adv. [de with sup. ending], at length, at last, not till then, just, precisely, only: is demum est iustus triumphus: is demum mihi vivere videtur, qui, etc., no one but him, S.: exsilium quantum demum a perpetuā peregrinatione differt?: sciscitando eo demum pervenit, ut, etc., L.: placidā ibi demum morte quievit, V.—With nunc, now, now at length, at last, not till now: nunc demum intellego: nunc demum rescribo iis litteris, quas, etc.—With tum, then at length, then indeed, not till then: tum demum illa omnia victa videbantur, cum, etc.: tum demum inpulsi Latini, L.: Tum demum stagna revisunt, V.: quod si convenerit, tum demum decebit, etc.—With modo, only now, not till now: modone id demum sensti? Do you just begin to see? T.—With ibi, just there: Ibi demum ita aegre tulit, etc., T.—With sic, so at last, thus finally: Sic demum socios consumptā nocte reviso, V.—With abl. of time, just, not till, at last: decimo demum pugnavimus anno, O.: quartā vix demum exponimur horā, H.: his demum exactis, V.—In assurance, in fact, in very truth, assuredly, certainly, indeed: ea demum firma amicitia est, S.: ea sunt enim demum non ferenda in mendacio, quae, etc.
* * *

ADV

at last, finally; at length, in the end, eventually; other possibilities being dismissed; only/alone, and no other/nowhere else

tum demum -- only then

Latin-English dictionary > dēmum
17 demum

dēmum (also demus, like prorsus, quorsus, rursus, deorsus, Liv. Andr. ap. Paul. ex Fest. p. 70, 8 Müll.; Plaut. Trin. 3, 3, 51 Ritschl and Brix), adv. [a sup. form from de, downmost; cf.: sub, summus], used to give prominence to an idea in opposition to or restriction of another, at length, at last, not till then; just, precisely; only, etc.
I.
In Latin of every period and description of writing (for syn. cf.: tandem, denique, postremum, primo).
A.
Enclitically with pronouns, like adeo (but less freq.), just, precisely, especially, exactly, indeed; also translated by an emphasis of the pronoun:
id demum lepidumst,
Plaut. Pers. 2, 3, 14; cf.:
sic sentio, id demum aut potius id solum esse miserum, quod turpe sit,
Cic. Att. 8, 8 init.:
idem velle atque idem nolle, ea demum firma amicitia est,
Sall. C. 20, 4; cf. id. ib. 12 fin.:
relinquere aculeum in audientium animis is demum potest, qui, etc.,
Plin. Ep. 1, 20, 18:
tamquam ad eam linguam demum natus esset,
Quint. 6 prooem. §
11: me fortuna hac demum voluit consistere terra,
Verg. A. 1, 629; cf. id. ib. 2, 743 al.:
ille demum antiquis est adulescens moribus,
Plaut. Capt. 1, 2, 20:
per quaedam parva sane, si ipsa demum aestimes, ducunt,
Quint. 1, 10, 5:
vos demum, ut video, legem antiquastis sine tabella. Sed ego, etc.,
Cic. Leg. 3, 17, 38 (but Bait. vos quidem):
quae demum causae secundam valetudinem praestent, Cels. praef.: jam vero exsilium, si rerum naturam, non ignominiam nominis quaerimus, quantum demum a perpetua peregrinatione differt?
Cic. Tusc. 5, 37, 107:
sciscitando eo demum pervenit, ut haud procul esset, quin Remum agnosceret,
Liv. 1, 5 fin. —
(β).
Strengthened by a preceding verum enim vero, or a following profecto:
verum enim vero id demum juvat, si quem, etc.,
Ter. Ad. 2, 3, 2; Sall. C. 2, 9; cf. Liv. 4, 4:
is demum profecto vitam aequa lance pensitabit, etc.,
Plin. 7, 7, 5.—
(γ).
Separated from the pronoun:
hoc est demum quod percrucior,
Plaut. Bac. 5, 1, 13:
illa seges demum,
Verg. G. 1, 47.—
B.
Enclitically with the adverbs nunc, tum, or tunc, post, modo, jam, ibi, sic, etc.; just, precisely, not till; also freq. expressed by more strongly accenting those particles.—
a.
Nunc demum, Gr. nun dê, now, now at length, at last (cf.: nunc adeo, under 2. adeo, no. B. 2. c.):
nunc demum ego cum illa fabulabor libere,
Plaut. Poen. 5, 3, 40;
so with scio,
id. Epid. 3, 4, 22; id. Mil. 2, 6, 62;
with intellego,
Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 12; cf.:
nunc demum rescribo iis litteris, quas, etc.,
Cic. Att. 16, 3; and:
undevicesimo aetatis anno dicere in foro coepi et nunc demum, quid praestare debeat orator, adhuc tamen per caliginem video,
yet it is only now that I am at length beginning to see, Plin. Ep. 5, 8, 8 et saep.—
(β).
In Plautus with following conjunctions, cum, quoniam, etc.:
nunc demum a me insipienter factum esse arbitror, Cum rem cognosco,
Plaut. Mil. 2, 6, 80; cf. id. Rud. 4, 4, 78.—
(γ).
Separated by pol, edepol, or other words:
nunc pol demum ego sum liber,
Plaut. Cas. 4, 4, 14:
nunc edepol demum in memoriam regredior, cum cogito, etc.,
id. Capt. 5, 4; 25; id. Cas. 4, 4, 14; id. Aul. 1, 2, 1:
heu, nunc misero mihi demum Exsilium infelix!
Verg. A. 10, 849.—
b.
Tum demum, then at length, then indeed (so most freq., esp. in the historians;
in Caes. only in this connection): tum demum Liscus oratione Caesaris adductus, etc.,
Caes. B. G. 1, 17; 1, 50, 2; 1, 51, 2; Liv. 2, 20; 3, 12; Plin. Ep. 6, 20, 6; Verg. A. 6, 330; 573; id. G. 3, 205; Ov. F. 4, 615 et saep.:
utraque re satis experta tum demum consules,
Liv. 2, 29.—
(β).
With foll. conjunct. ubi, si, cum, etc. (and in Plautus also separate; cf. above, no. 1. b. and c.):
ubi expolivero, Magis hoc tum demum dices,
Plaut. Poen. 1, 1, 61; Sall. J. 46; Cels. 7, 27 fin.:
si id facies, tum demum scibis, etc.,
Plaut. Mil. 4, 8, 56; id. Men. 2, 2, 71; Cic. Rep. 1, 24; cf. with quodsi, Att. ap. Cic. Att. 9, 10, 4:
ac tum demum, cum medium tenuere, etc.,
Plin. Ep. 8, 20, 7:
tum tu igitur demum id adulescenti aurum dabis, Ubi, etc.,
Plaut. Trin. 3, 3, 52.—Once in this connection demum alone:
servata res est demum, si illam videro,
Plaut. Merc. 5, 2, 68.—
c.
Tunc demum (cf. Drak. Liv. 41, 3, 5):
tunc demum intelleges, etc.,
Sen. Ep. 121; Suet. Calig. 9; Vulg. Gen. 41, 9; and with cum, Col. praef. fin.;
with ubi,
Cels. 3, 6, and 10.—
d.
Post demum, afterwards, not till after:
post eum demum huc cras adducam,
Plaut. As. 5, 2, 65:
post igitur demum, etc.,
id. Amph. 3, 1, 16.—With post as praep.: unas enim post idus Martias, Asin. Pollio ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 31, 4:
post biduum demum,
Suet. Aug. 10 fin. —
e.
Modo demum, only now, now for the first time:
modone id demum sensti,
Ter. And. 5, 3, 11.—
f.
Jam demum, now at last, now (cf. dê... êdê, Eurip. Suppl. 980;
Troad. 235),
Ov. Tr. 2, 8.—
g.
Ibi demum, just there:
illic ibi demum'st locus, ubi, etc.,
Plaut. Capt. 5, 4, 3; Quint. 10, 3, 13:
ibi demum morte quievit,
Verg. A. 9, 445; cf. id. ib. 1, 629; Stat. Th. 2, 474; id. Silv. 2, 3, 14; cf.
also ibi demum, of time,
Ter. Hec. 1, 2, 53.—
h.
Sic demum:
sic demum socios consumpta nocte reviso,
Verg. A. 2, 795; 6, 154.—
k.
Ita demum, Vulg. 2 Mac. 6, 15.—
2.
With the abl. temp. or absol.:
ego novus maritus anno demum quinto et sexagesimo fiam?
Ter. Ad. 5, 8, 15:
decimo demum pugnavimus anno,
Ov. M. 13, 209:
quarta vix demum exponimur hora,
Hor. S. 1, 5, 23:
hieme demum,
Plin. Ep. 7, 2, 2:
pontificatum maximum, quem numquam vivo Lepido auferre sustinuerat, mortuo demum suscepit,
Suet. Aug. 31; cf.:
appellato demum collegio obtinuit,
id. Caes. 23:
his demum exactis,
Verg. A. 6, 637:
noctu demum rex recessit,
Curt. 7, 11, 20.—And once with the nominative of the part. perf.:
damnatus demum, vi coactus reddidit Mille et ducentos Philippos,
i. e. not until condemned, Plaut. Bac. 2, 4, 38.—
C.
To add emphasis to the idea contained in a proposition, in fact, in very truth, certainly, indeed (rare):
ea sunt enim demum non ferenda in mendacio, quae, etc.,
Cic. Rep. 2, 15:
immemor est demum, nec frugum munere dignus, qui, etc.,
Ov. M. 15, 122; Quint. 10, 6, 5;
so to strengthen a comparative (cf.: adeo, etiam): latius demum ire,
further yet, Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 156:
num expositio haec longior demum esse debeat,
Quint. 4, 2, 79.—
II.
In postAug. Latin.
A.
Only, solely, exclusively ( = duntaxat, tantum, solum, tantummodo, modo): ne vulgarem viam ingressus, alienis demum vestigiis insisterem, Quint. prooem. § 3; id. 2, 15, 1:
adeo suis demum oculis credidit,
id. 11, 3, 68: quaedam (verba) tertiae demum personae figura dicuntur, ut licet, piget, id. 1, 4, 29: [p. 545] qui (Cicero) non assecutus esset docendo judicem tantum et utiliter demum ac Latine perspicueque dicendo, ut, etc., id. 8, 3, 3 et saep.:
nihil magis pro contione testatus est, quam id demum se habiturum, quod, etc.,
but just that, Suet. Oth. 6 et saep.:
ut non is demum sit veneficus, qui vitam abstulit data potione, sed etiam qui mentem,
Quint. 9, 2, 105; cf.
with the following verum etiam,
id. 7 prooem. § 1.—
b.
Ita demum, only so; then or in that case only; not till then ( = tum demum);
esp. freq. in conditional propositions: si plus humoris excernitur quam assumitur, ita demum secundae valetudinis spes est,
Cels. 3, 21; Plin. Ep. 3, 3, 2; Suet. Claud. 25 al.—
B.
To point out something as taking place only after previous delay, at length, at last = tandem:
quod oppidum Hispaniae frustra diu oppugnatum illitis demum galbano facibus succenderit,
Suet. Galb. 3; cf. corresp. with tandem, id. Calig. 6.—
* 2.
For denique no. II. 2, finally, in fine:
ex quibus alium Ciceroni, alium Caesari, singulis demum singulos opponeremus,
Tac. Or. 26 fin. Cf. Hand Turs. II. p. 250-260; Zumpt ad Curt. 6, 39, 25; Mützell ad Curt. 3, 7, 8; 3, 22, 26.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > demum
18 før

adv

ра́ньше

før éller sénere — ра́ньше и́ли по́зже

før i tíden — ра́ньше, ра́нее

* * *

in advance, before, previous to, short of

* * *

I. adj

( korpulent) stout, portly.

II. adv before ( fx I have been here before);

( på et tidligere tidspunkt) earlier on ( fx as I said earlier on),

( lige før) just now;

( i tidligere tid) formerly;

( hellere) sooner, rather, first;

[ dagen før] the day before;

[ før og nu] then and now, past and present;

[ før eller senere] sooner or later;

[ hverken før eller siden] at no time before or after.

III. conj before;

[ ikke før han kommer] not till (el. not until) he comes;

[ han havde ikke været der længe før regnen begyndte] he had not been there long when (el. before) it began to rain;

[ næppe... før], se næppe.

IV. præp before,

F previous to;

[ ikke før]

(dvs så sent som, først) not until,

T not till ( fx he did not arrive till 5 o'clock);

(dvs tidligst) not before ( fx don't come before 5 o'clock, nobody will be at home).

Danish-English dictionary > før
19 dēnique

dēnique adv., and thenceforward, and thereafter, at last, at length, finally, lastly, only, not until: denique Metuebant me, T.: Metui, quid futurum denique esset, T.: post biennium denique appellas: octavo denique mense, Cs.: mortuo denique, not till after his death.—With nunc, now at last, only now, not till now: nunc denique incipiunt credere.—With tum, then at last, only then, not till then: tum denique nomen referemus: tum denique interficiere, cum, etc.—In enumerations, besides, thereafter, finally, lastly, in fine: ut nomen deferrent, ut accusatorem compararent, denique ut pugnarent: proximo, altero, denique reliquis consecutis diebus.—Followed by postremo, C.—In a summary or climax, in a word, in short, in fact, briefly, to sum up, in fine, even, I may say: Ut ad pauca redeam... Haec denique eius fuit oratio, T.: nobis est domi inopia, mala res... denique quid reliqui habemus? S.: omnia sua iura, commoda, totam denique libertatem: non curia, non domus, non denique haec sedes honoris: denique haec fuit altera persona, in a word, N.: Denique sit quidvis simplex, H.: vitavi denique culpam, Non laudem merui, merely, H.—Ironical, in fine, forsooth, indeed: ii denique, qui tum concursabant, Roscio obicient, etc.—Restrictive, in fine, at least, certainly: nostros praesidia deducturos aut denique indiligentius servaturos, Cs.: eosdem (liberos) bonā aut denique aliquā re p. perdere: Ne nummi pereant... aut denique fama, H.
* * *

ADV

finally, in the end; and then; at worst; in short, to sum up; in fact, indeed

Latin-English dictionary > dēnique
20 tum

tum, adv. demonstr., of time [pronom. demonstr. stems to-, ta-; Gr. to, seen in ita, tam, etc.; cf. quom or cum], then.
I.
Absol.
A.
Referring to a time previously specified.
1.
To a definite past time.
(α).
To a period of time in which something was or happened (opp. later periods) = illis temporibus:
is dictu'st ollis popularibus olim Qui tum vivebant homines,
Enn. Ann. v. 308 Vahl.:
quod tum erat res in pecore et locorum possessionibus, i. e. Romuli temporibus,
Cic. Rep. 2, 9, 16:
cum illi male dicerent, quod tum fieri licebat, i. e. Periclis temporibus,
id. de Or. 3, 34, 138:
erat omnino tum mos ut faciles essent in suum cuique tribuendo,
id. Brut. 21, 85; cf. id. Tusc. 1, 46, 111:
vastae tum in his locis solitudines erant,
Liv. 1, 4, 6; 2, 6, 8; 3, 29, 3; 4, 6, 12; 42, 62, 11;
44, 9, 4: ut tum erant tempora,
Nep. Att. 1, 2; 12, 3; Liv. 1, 3, 3; 1, 8, 4; 2, 7, 4; 2, 9, 8; 2, 50, 2; 2, 63, 6;
39, 6, 7 and 9.—With illis temporibus: nam jam tum illis temporibus fortius... loquebantur quam pugnabant,
Nep. Thras. 2, 4.—
(β).
Referring to a point of time, then, at that time:
insigneita fere tum milia militum octo Duxit,
Enn. Ann. v. 336 Vahl.: ut jacui exsurgo;
ardere censui aedis: ita tum confulgebant,
Plaut. Am. 5, 1, 15:
jam duo restabant fata tum,
id. Bacch. 4, 9, 35; id. Cist. 1, 3, 14: quot eras annos gnatus tum, quom, etc.? Me Septuennis, nam tum dentes mihi cadebant primulum, id. Men. 5, 9, 56; id. Merc. prol. 66; id. Most. 1, 2, 49; id. Am. 2, 1, 56; Ter. And. 1, 1, 82: sic igitur tum se levis ac diffusilis aether... undique flexit. Lucr. 5, 467; 5, 837; 5, 911; 5, 432;
5, 942: atque huic anno proximus Sulla consule et Pompejo fuit. Tum P. Sulpicii in tribunatu, cottidie contionantis, totum genus dicendi cognovimus,
Cic. Brut. 89, 306; id. Ac. 2, 22, 69:
scribit Eudemum Pheras venisse, quae erat urbs in Thessalia tum admodum nobilis,
id. Div. 1, 25, 53; id. Rep. 2, 37, 63:
hi tum in Asia rhetorum principes,
id. Brut. 91, 316; id. Sest. 11, 26; id. Planc. 37, 90; id. Quint. 61, 170; id. Fam. 9, 21, 2:
hoc tum veritus Caesar Pharum prehendit,
Caes. B. C. 3, 112:
eodem anno a Campanis Cumae, quam Graeci tum urbem tenebant, capiuntur,
Liv. 4, 44, 13; 1, 7, 14; 2, 9, 5;
2, 37, 7: praetores tum duos Latium habebat,
id. 8, 3, 9:
Aemilius, cujus tum fasces erant, dictatorem dixit,
id. 8, 12, 13; 5, 8, 4; 22, 46, 6;
1, 7, 12: tum Athenis perpetui archontes esse desierunt,
Vell. 1, 8, 3:
tum Cimbri et Teutoni transcendere Rhenum,
id. 2, 8, 3; Val. Max. 1, 5, 3; Tac. H. 4, 49; 3, 57:
non timido, non ignavo cessare tum licuit,
Curt. 3, 11, 5:
Archiae, qui tum maximum magistratum Thebis obtinebat,
Nep. Pelop. 3, 2; id. Phoc. 3, 3.—With in eo tempore: eum quem virile secus tum in eo tempore habebat, Asell. ap. Gell. 2, 13, 5.—Repeated by anaphora:
quae nox omnium temporum conjurationis acerrima fuit. Tum Catilinae dies exeundi, tum ceteris manendi condicio, tum descriptio... constituta est, tum tuus pater, etc.,
Cic. Sull. 18, 52; cf. Lucr. 5, 1377; 5, 1399.—
(γ).
Esp., referring to a former state, implying that it no longer exists:
quaesivit ex lege illa Cornelia quae tum erat,
Cic. Clu. 20, 55:
cum sententias Oppianicus, quae tum erat potestas, palam ferri velle dixisset,
id. ib. 27, 75:
Caere, opulento tum oppido,
Liv. 1, 2, 3; 3, 52, 3:
praetores aerarii (nam tum a praetoribus tractabatur aerarium), etc.,
Tac. H. 4, 9.—
(δ).
Expressly opposed to present time (hodie, nunc, hoc tempore, etc.; class. and very freq.; but in post-Aug. writers tunc is regularly used): prius non is eras qui eras;
nunc is factu's qui tum non eras,
Plaut. Trin. 4, 2, 138:
tu nunc tibi Id laudi ducis quod tum fecisti inopia?
Ter. Ad. 1, 2, 25; id. Hec. 3, 3, 48:
quae tabula, tum imperio tuo revulsa, nunc a me tamen reportata est,
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 46, § 112:
tum imperator populi Romani deos patrios reportabat, nunc praetor ejusdem populi eosdem illos deos... auferebat,
id. ib. 2, 4, 35, § 77; cf. id. ib. 2, 4, 35, § 78; 2, 5, 20, § 51; id. Clu. 31, 86; id. Planc. 9, 22; id. Quint. 22, 71; id. Phil. 14, 8, 21; id. Leg. 2, 22, 57; Caes. B. C. 3, 17; Liv. 5, 3, 5; 6, 15, 11; 10, 9, 6.—
(ε).
Opposed to another time specified:
itaque tum eos exire jussit. Post autem e provincia litteras ad conlegium misit, se, etc.,
Cic. N. D. 2, 4, 11:
itaque ut tum carere rege, sic pulso Tarquinio nomen regis audire non poterat,
id. Rep. 2, 30, 53; id. Mil. 21, 55:
sicut legatorum antea, ita tum novorum colonorum caede imbutis armis,
Liv. 4, 31, 7; 39, 22, 10; 9, 36, 1; 2, 52, 7; 4, 2, 10; 4, 57, 11;
21, 17, 1: et tum sicca, prius celeberrima fontibus, Ide,
Ov. M. 2, 218; Verg. A. 11, 33; Nep. Arist. 2, 3; id. Ham. 11, 7.—
(ζ).
In the historians in applying general statements or truths to the state of affairs spoken of: communi enim fit vitio naturae ut invisis atque incognitis rebus... vehementius exterreamur;
ut tum accidit,
Caes. B. C. 2, 4; 3, 68; id. B. G. 7, 3; 2, 6; id. B. C. 1, 80:
foedera alia aliis legibus, ceterum eodem modo omnia fiunt. Tum ita factum accepimus,
Liv. 1, 24, 4; 1, 32, 14; 21, 31, 12.—
(η).
Denoting coincidence or inner connection with an action before mentioned = a temporal clause (tum = cum hoc fieret), then, on that occasion:
quis tum non ingemuit?
Cic. Vatin. 13, 31:
ne tum quidem hominum venustatem et facetias perspicere potuisti? i. e. cum coronam auream imponebant,
id. Fl. 31, 76: apud imperitos tum illa dicta sunt;
nunc agendum est subtilius,
id. Fin. 4, 27, 74:
itaque tum Stajenus condemnatus est,
i. e. in that trial, id. Clu. 36, 101; id. Sen. 7, 22:
M. Porcius Cato qui, asper ingenio, tum lenem mitemque senatorem egit,
Liv. 45, 25; Val. Max. 8, 3, 3:
sed tum supplicia dis... decernuntur,
Tac. A. 3, 64; 3, 72:
Graecia tum potuit Priamo quoque flenda videri,
Ov. M. 14, 474.—
With the occasion referred to specified in the same clause: Manlius... ex petulanti scurra in discordiis civitatis ad eam columnam tum suffragiis populi pervenerat,
Cic. Clu. 13, 39:
emisti tum in naufragio hujus urbis... tum, inquam, emisti ut, etc.,
id. Prov. Cons. 4, 7.—Repeated by anaphora: et Capitolinis injecit sedibus ignes. Tum statua Nattae, tum simulacra deorum, Romulusque et Remus cum altrice belua vi fulminis icti conciderunt, Cic. Div. 2, 20, 45;
so repeated seven times,
id. Rep. 1, 40, 62.—
(θ).
Redundant, the time of the action being clear without it (esp. in Cic.):
atque hoc tum judicio facto... tamen Avitus Oppianicum reum statim non facit,
Cic. Clu. 20, 56:
itaque tum ille inopia et necessitate coactus ad Caepasios confugit,
id. ib. 20, 57; id. Brut. 23, 90; 39, 145; 43, 161; cf. id. Sull. 18, 51, where tum redundant occurs six times successively.—
2.
In oblique discourse, referring to the time of the speaker, = nunc in direct discourse:
quando autem se, si tum non sint, pares hostibus fore?
if they were not now so, Liv. 3, 62, 1:
(dixit Sempronius)... nec tum agrum plebi, sed sibi invidiam quaeri,
id. 4, 44, 9; 4, 57, 4:
moenia eos tum transcendere non Italiae modo, sed etiam urbis Romanae,
id. 21, 35, 9; 5, 21, 7 (in this use nunc is also freq.).—
3.
Referring to indefinite time.
(α).
Then, at such a time of the year, day, etc., at such a season:
tum denique tauros in gregem redigo (after Lyra rises),
Varr. R. R. 2, 5, 12; 1, 35 fin.; Col. 11, 2, 87.—
(β).
With the force of an indefinite temporal clause, at such a time, in such circumstances, i. e. when such a thing happens as has happened:
qui (porci) a partu decimo die habentur puri, ab eo appellantur sacres, quod tum ad sacrificium idonei habentur primum,
Varr. R. R. 2, 4, 16; 2, 7, 13:
deinde cibum sequitur somnus... quia plurima tum se corpora conturbant (i. e. cum cibum ceperunt),
Lucr. 4, 957; 3, 599; 4, 892; 4, 919;
4, 1030: quam regionem cum superavit animus... finem altius se efferendi facit. Tum enim sui similem et levitatem et calorem adeptus... nullam in partem movetur,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 19, 43; 1, 31, 75; 3, 23, 55; 4, 24, 54; Tac. Dial. 7.—
(γ).
With the force of a conditional clause, then, in this instance, if so: immo res omnis relictas habeo prae quod tu velis. Ph. Tum tu igitur, qua causa missus es ad portum, id expedi (i. e. si ita est), Plaut. Stich. 2, 2, 39; id. Most. 5, 1, 55; id. As. 1, 1, 93; 2, 2, 64; 3, 3, 36; id. Aul. 3, 6, 31; id. Capt. 3, 4, 108; 4, 2, 78: non potitus essem;
fuisset tum illos mi aegre aliquot dies,
Ter. Phorm. 1, 3, 7; id. Eun. 2, 2, 50; 5, 1, 23; id. Hec. 3, 5, 12:
ego C. Caesaris laudibus desim, quas, etc.? Tum hercule me confitear non judicium aliquod habuisse,
Cic. Planc. 39, 93: scribant aliquid Isocrateo more...;
tum illos existimabo non desperatione formidavisse genus hoc,
id. Or. 70, 235; id. Font. 21, 49 (17, 39); id. Tusc. 1, 35, 85; id. Fam. 9, 8, 2; Ov. H. 18 (19), 81: vellem tam ferax saeculum haberemus...;
tum ego te primus hortarer, etc.,
Plin. Ep. 4, 15, 8.—
4.
Referring to future time.
(α).
To a definite time before mentioned:
ut sit satius perdere Quam aut nunc manere tam diu, aut tum persequi,
i. e. after my future return, Ter. Ad. 2, 2, 27:
jam nunc mente prospicio quae tum studia hominum, qui concursus futuri sint,
Cic. Div. in Caecin. 13, 42; id. Verr. 1, 13, 37; 1, 10, 30; id. Prov. Cons. 7, 17; id. Marcell. 9, 30:
tum meae... Vocis accedet bona pars,
Hor. C. 4, 2, 45.—
(β).
With the force of a conditional clause (cf. 3. b, supra), then, in this instance, if so: specta, tum scies. Plaut. Bacch. 4, 9, 100; cf.:
quom videbis, tum scies,
id. ib. 1, 2, 37: tuom incendes genus;
Tum igitur aquae erit tibi cupido, etc.,
id. Trin. 3, 2, 50; id. Curc. 2, 3, 17:
confer sudantes, ructantes, refertos epulis... tum intelleges, etc.,
Cic. Tusc. 5, 34, 100; id. Planc. 18, 45; id. Phil. 2, 45, 115:
agedum, dictatorem creemus... Pulset tum mihi lictorem qui sciet, etc.,
Liv. 2, 29, 12; Cic. Phil. 10, 3, 6; id. Or. 23, 78; 71, 235; Liv. 4, 22, 11; 5, 16, 10; 9, 11, 4.—
B.
Referring to a time subsequent to a time mentioned, then, thereupon.
1.
Simple sequence in time.
(α).
Time proper (only of an immediate sequence;
otherwise deinde, postea, etc., are used): tum cum corde suo divum pater atque hominum rex Effatur, etc.,
Enn. Ann. 179:
dico ei quo pactod eam viderim erilem nostram filiam sustollere. Extimuit tum illa,
Plaut. Cist. 2, 3, 9; id. Bacch. 3, 3, 29; id. As. 4, 1, 58: tum ille egens forte adplicat Primum ad Chrysidis patrem se. Ter. And. 5, 4, 21; id. Eun. 3, 1, 17; Cato, R. R. 48 (49); 135 (136); so id. ib. 112 (113): equos quinto anno... amittere binos (dentes);
tum renascentes eis sexto anno impleri,
Varr. R. R. 2, 7, 2 sq.: collo [p. 1909] cari jussit hominem in aureo lecto, abacosque complures ornavit... Tum ad mensam eximia forma pueros jussit consistere, eosque, etc., Cic. Tusc. 5, 21, 61:
dixerat hoc ille, cum puer nuntiavit venire ad eum Laelium... Tum Scipio e cubiculo est egressus, etc.,
id. Rep. 1, 12, 18; id. Div. 2, 66, 135; id. Clu. 14, 40; id. Cat. 3, 5, 10; id. Ac. 2, 5, 13; id. Div. 1, 35, 77:
hostes suos ab oppugnatione reduxerunt. Tum suo more conclamaverunt ut, etc.,
Caes. B. G. 5, 26; cf. id. ib. 7, 64; 5, 43 fin.;
5, 48: adsurgentem ibi regem cuspide ad terram adfixit. Tum spolia caputque abscisum spiculo gerens... hostes fudit,
Liv. 4, 19, 5; 5, 21, 1; 1, 26, 9; 1, 18, 10; 1, 20, 1; 1, 22, 6; 1, 28, 4; 1, 28, 9; 2, 24, 4;
3, 8, 11, etc.: tum Caesar cum exercitu Thessaliam petit,
Vell. 2, 52, 1; Val. Max. 5, 1, 3; Curt. 4, 3, 7; Tac. A. 3, 28; 11, 35; id. H. 4, 84; Ov. M. 2, 122; 4, 80; 7, 121; 10, 481; 14, 386; Flor. 1, 13, 12; Gell. 1, 19, 5; 1, 23, 5.—
(β).
In partic., foll. by an abl. absol.:
tum, prope jam perculsis aliis tribunis, A. Verginius Caesoni capitis diem dicit,
Liv. 3, 11, 9; 8, 32, 1; 10, 29, 12:
tum omni spe perdita, Meherdates dolo ejus vincitur, traditurque victori,
Tac. A. 12, 15; 12, 16:
tum, ferro extracto, confestim exanimatus est,
Nep. Epam. 9, 4.—
(γ).
Implying a connection between two events, hence, under these circumstances, accordingly, thereupon:
at pater omnipotens ira tum percitus acri... Phaethonta... Deturbavit in terram,
Lucr. 5, 399:
madefactum iri Graeciam sanguine... tum neque te ipsum non esse commotum, Marcumque Varronem et M. Catonem... vehementer esse perterritos,
Cic. Div. 1, 32, 68; cf. id. ib. 1, 34, 76; Caes. B. G. 4, 25; cf. id. ib. 5, 49; 5, 51;
7, 59: quippe quibus nec domi spes prolis, nec cum finitimis conubia essent. Tum ex consilio patrum Romulus legatos circa vicinas gentes misit,
Liv. 1, 9, 2; 3, 26, 1; 3, 31, 7; 4, 45, 7.—
2.
Enumeration of a series of events; the co-ordinate clauses introduced by tum... tum, or primum (primo)... deinde... tum, etc.
(α).
Succession of time proper:
ducem Hannibali unum e concilio datum (a Jove), tum ei ducem illum praecepisse ne respiceret, illum autem respexisse, tum visam beluam vastam, etc.,
Cic. Div. 1, 24, 49; 1, 27, 57; 2, 28, 58 sq.:
primo... deinde... tum... tum,
id. Fin. 1, 16, 50; 5, 23, 65; id. Tusc. 5, 2, 5:
primum... deinde... tum... postremo,
id. N. D. 2, 1, 3; 3, 3, 6: primum colonos inde Romanos expulit: inde in Latinam viam transgressus, etc., inde Lavinium recepit; tum deinceps Corbionem, Vitelliam;
postremum, etc.,
Liv. 2, 39, 4:
primi consules sub jugum missi, tum ut quisque gradu proximus erat, tum deinceps singulae legiones,
id. 9, 6, 1:
primo... deinde... tum... tum,
id. 21, 22, 8; id. praef. 9; 3, 28, 8: 5, 39, 7;
23, 23, 6: deinde... deinde... Tum... post quas, etc.,
Curt. 3, 3, 24: primum... deinde... deinde... tum... postea, Masur. Gabin. ap. Gell. 5, 13, 5; Gai. Inst. 4, 60.—
(β).
So in partic.: tum (also hic, et;
not deinde or postea), to denote the succession of speakers in dialogue: immo duas dabo, inquit adulescens... Tum senex ille: Si vis, inquit, quattuor sane dato,
Plaut. Stich. 4, 1, 46 dub.:
tum Piso... inquit, etc. Tum Quintus... inquit, etc. Hic ego... inquam, etc. Tum ille... inquit, etc. Tum Piso... inquit, etc. Et ille ridens... inquit, etc. Tum Piso exorsus est, etc.,
Cic. Fin. 5, 1, 2 sqq.:
tum Atticus... inquit, etc. Tum ille... inquit, etc. Tum Brutus, etc. Tum ille, etc. Tum Atticus, etc. Tum Pomponius... inquit, etc.,
id. Brut. 3, 11 sqq., and through the whole treatise; cf. id. Ac. 1, 2, 4; 1, 3, 9; 1, 4, 13; 1, 12, 43 and 44; 2, 19, 63; id. N. D. 1, 6, 15 sqq.; id. Rep. 1, 13, 19 sqq.; Liv. 7, 10, 2 sqq.; 23, 12, 8; Tac. Dial. 3; 15; 25; 42; Gell. 3, 1, 11 sqq.; 18, 1, 9 sqq.; Ov. M. 14, 594.—
(γ).
Transf., of sequence or succession of thought, passing into mere co-ordination (v. C. 2. b, g), then... again... furthermore:
qui mi in cursu obstiterit, faxo vitae is obstiterit suae. Prius edico ne quis, etc. Tum pistores scrofipasci qui, etc. Tum piscatores.... Tum lanii autem qui, etc.,
Plaut. Capt. 4, 2, 28; 4, 2, 34; 4, 2, 39: (res familiaris) primum bene parta sit, tum quam plurimis se utilem praebeat, deinde augeatur ratione, diligentia, etc., Cic. Off. 1, 26, 92; id. Ac. 2, 47, 146; id. Tusc. 1, 28, 68 sq.; 5, 40, 117; id. Ac. 2, 10, 30; id. de Or. 1, 42, 190; id. Cat. 4, 3, 5; id. Agr. 1, 2, 5; id. Clu. 2, 6; Liv. 3, 26, 11.—
C.
Hence, as co-ordinating conjunction, introducing an additional assertion, or thought.
1.
Alone, = praeterea, and then, besides, also, moreover, on the other hand (freq. in ante-class. style and in Cic.;
rare in Livy and post-Aug. prose): argenti aurique advexit multum, lanam purpuramque multam... tum Babylonica peristromata, etc.,
Plaut. Stich. 2, 3, 54; id. Rud. 2, 4, 10; id. Bacch. 4, 3, 71; 4, 8, 17; id. Ps. 3, 2, 78; id. Aul. 1, 2, 6; 1, 3, 16; id. Men. 5, 5, 41; id. Mil. 4, 2, 13; id. Pers. 1, 3, 15; 4, 2, 3; Ter. And. 1, 5, 27; 1, 2, 21; 2, 3, 7; id. Eun. prol. 4; 5, 6, 15; id. Heaut. 2, 1, 16; Lucr. 4, 680; cf. id. 1, 494; 4, 1152:
magnum ingenium L. Luculli, magnumque optimarum artium studium, tum omnis ab eo percepta doctrina... caruit omnino rebus urbanis,
Cic. Ac. 2, 1, 1; 2, 14, 43; id. Div. 1, 24, 50; 1, 42, 94; id. de Or. 1, 46, 201; id. Off. 1, 6, 19; id. Fin. 1, 6, 21; 2, 16, 53; id. Leg. 1, 5, 17; 1, 9, 26; id. Rab. Post. 14, 40; id. Phil. 13, 12, 26:
altera ex parte Bellovaci instabant, alteram Camulogenus tenebat: tum legiones a praesidio interclusas maximum flumen distinebat,
Caes. B. G. 7, 59; id. B. C. 3, 49: naves convenerunt duae Punicae quinqueremes;
duae ab Heraclea triremes... tum quinque Rhodiae quadriremes,
Liv. 42, 56, 6; 1, 40, 4; Sen. Vit. Beat. 3, 4; Just. 5, 10, 3.—Sometimes connecting two terms of the same clause, with the force of cum... tum (v. infra, 3. d.):
quot me censes homines jam deverberasse, hospites tum civis?
Ter. Phorm. 2, 2, 14:
faciendum est igitur nobis ut... veteranorum, tum legionis Martiae quartaeque consensus... confirmetur,
Cic. Phil. 3, 3, 7; Liv. 28, 43, 1 (in co-ordination often with etiam, autem, and sometimes with praeterea and porro; v. III. infra).—
2.
Tum as correlative of a preceding tum.
(α).
With an added assertion or thought: ita est haec hominum natio: voluptarii atque potatores, Tum sycophantae... plurimi In urbe habitant;
tum meretrices mulieres Nusquam perhibentur blandiores gentium,
Plaut. Men. 2, 1, 35; id. Ep. 2, 2, 28; id. Mil. 3, 1, 100; 3, 1, 102.—
(β).
Tum... tum = nunc... nunc (modo... modo), sometimes... sometimes, now... now, at one time... at another (freq. in Cic., not in Caes., rare in Liv., and very rare in postAug. writers):
tum huc, tum illuc inretitos impedit piscis,
Plaut. Truc. 1, 1, 17:
tum hoc mihi probabilius, tum illud videtur,
Cic. Ac. 2, 43, 134:
mihi... tum hoc tum illud probabilius videtur,
id. Off. 3, 7, 33; so id. Am. 4, 13; id. Sen. 13, 45; id. Top. 7, 31; id. N. D. 2, 19, 49:
(alvus) tum restringitur, tum relaxatur,
id. ib. 2, 54, 136; id. Rep. 3, 13 (14), 23; id. Leg. 2, 7, 16; id. Or. 63, 212; id. Sen. 3, 7; id. Inv. 1, 37, 66:
dictator tum appellare tum adhortari milites,
Liv. 8, 39, 4; Suet. Ner. 1; Gell. 1, 11, 15.—Tum may be repeated several times:
plerique propter voluptatem tum in morbos graves, tum in damna, tum in dedecora incurrunt,
Cic. Fin. 1, 14, 47; 3, 7, 26;
so three times,
id. N. D. 1, 12, 29; 1, 14, 37; 1, 15, 39; id. Inv. 1, 52, 98; id. Or. 3, 45, 177; id. Off. 1, 7, 22; id. Leg. 2, 17, 43; id. Top. 25, 96;
four times,
id. N. D. 1, 43, 120; 2, 20, 52; 2, 39, 101; id. Verr. 2, 4, 34, § 75;
five times,
id. N. D. 2, 5, 14; id. Inv. 1, 13, 17; 1, 41, 76; id. Verr. 2, 5, 36, § 94;
six times,
id. ib. 1, 53, 120;
seven times,
Quint. 9, 4, 133;
nine times,
Cic. N. D. 2, 50, 51.—And in chronological order (to be distinguished from the instances B. 2. a and g):
Atheniensium (rem publicam constituerunt) tum Theseus, tum Draco, tum Solo, tum Clisthenes, tum multi alii,
at different times, successively, Cic. Rep. 2, 1, 2.—
(γ).
Preceded or followed by other co-ordinate words (alias, modo, aliquando, aut... aut, nunc... nunc):
ex quo intellegitur qualis ille sit quem tum moderatum, alias modestum, tum temperantem, alias constantem continentemque dicimus,
Cic. Tusc. 4, 16, 36:
tum... tum... aliquando,
id. Div. 2, 2, 6:
tum... tum... aut... aut,
id. Or. 61, 204:
modo... tum autem,
id. N. D. 2, 40, 142:
nunc... nunc... tum... tum,
Flor. 1, 17, 5.—
(δ).
Tum... tum = et... et, both... and, not only... but also, partly... partly, without regard to time, the second term being frequently strengthened by etiam (mostly post-Aug.):
Milo Compsam oppugnans, ictusque lapide tum Clodio, tum patriae, quam armis petebat, poenas dedit,
Vell. 2, 68, 3:
Muciam et Fulviam, tum a patre, tum a viro utramque inclitam,
Val. Max. 9, 1, 8:
Caesar Pompejo tum proprias, tum etiam filiae lacrimas reddidit,
id. 5, 1, 10; Quint. 7, 3, 18; Sen. Q. N. 4, 2, 28; id. Clem. 1, 19, 2; Front. Aquaed. 1; Tac. A. 12, 33; Suet. Tit. 3; Nep. praef. 8;
and with etiam,
Val. Max. 2, 2, 8; 5, 9, 1; 7, 6 prooem.; Nep. Them. 2, 3.—
3.
As correlative with a preceding cum, introducing particular after a universal or a stronger or more important assertion after a weaker or less important.
a.
Connecting complete sentences with different predicates, cum... tum = as... so, while... (tum being not translated; ante-class. cum always with indic.; class. with subj. or indic.):
quom antehac te amavi, et mihi amicam esse crevi... tum id mihi hodie aperuisti,
Plaut. Cist. 1, 1, 2; id. Truc. 4, 1, 6:
quom id mihi placebat, tum uno ore omnes omnia Bona dicere,
Ter. And. 1, 1, 69; id. Phorm. 1, 4, 10:
quae cum res tota ficta sit pueriliter, tum ne efficit quidem quod vult,
Cic. Fin. 1, 6, 19; id. Tusc. 5, 39, 13; id. Fam. 13, 16, 1; and so with subj., id. N. D. 1, 1, 1; id. Off. 3, 2, 5; id. Lael. 7, 23; id. Brut. 39, 145; 11, 250:
cum omnium rerum simulatio est vitiosa, tum amicitiae repugnat maxime,
id. Lael. 25, 91; id. Div. 2, 27, 58; and so with indic., id. Planc. 33, 80; id. Tull. 4, 8; id. Div. in Caecil. 20, 65; id. Sest. 1, 2; id. Fam. 16, 4, 4:
haec cum merito ejus fieri intellegebat, tum magni interesse arbitrabatur, etc.,
Caes. B. G. 5, 4; 3, 16; id. B. C. 1, 58; Liv. 3, 34, 1; 4, 53, 4.—
b.
Clauses with the same predicate, which is placed after the first clause (always with indic.):
nam mihi, cum multa eximie divineque videntur Athenae tuae peperisse, tum nihil melius illis mysteriis quibus, etc.,
Cic. Leg. 2, 14, 36; id. Tusc. 4, 18, 42; id. Phil. 2, 5, 12; Liv. 4, 46, 10; 6, 38, 10.—
c.
Clauses with a common predicate placed before both co-ordinate terms, cum... tum = not only, but also; as... so especially:
visa est Arcesilae cum vera sententia, tum honesta et digna sapiente,
Cic. Ac. 2, 24, 77; id. Fin. 1, 16, 51; 2, 35, 119; 3, 1, 3:
movit patres conscriptos cum causa tum auctor,
Liv. 9, 10, 1; 4, 57, 2; Suet. Ner. 46 init. —
d.
With a common predicate after both co-ordinate terms:
quom virum tum uxorem, di vos perdant,
Plaut. Men. 4, 2, 103:
luxuria cum omni aetati turpis tum senectuti foedissima est,
Cic. Off. 1, 34, 123; id. Clu. 59, 161; id. Verr. 2, 1, 34, § 86; id. N. D. 1, 21, 57; id. Deiot. 9, 26; id. Clu. 16, 46:
concitatos animos flecti quam frangi putabat cum tutius tum facilius esse,
Liv. 2, 23, 15; 6, 9, 8; 1, 57, 1; 10, 26, 13; Tac. Dial. 5.—With tum several times repeated:
quem pater moriens cum tutoribus et propinquis, tum legibus, tum aequitati magistratuum, tum judiciis vestris commendatum putavit,
Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 58, § 151; cf. esp. id. Planc. 40, 95. —
e.
Tum, in this construction, is freq. strengthened,
(α).
By vero:
cum haec sunt videnda, tum vero illud est hominis magni, etc.,
in particular, Cic. Clu. 58, 159; id. Mur. 27, 55; id. Phil. 3, 5, 12; 7, 3, 9; cf. id. Or. 1, 23, 106; 3, 16, 60; Liv. 34, 39, 9; Quint. 12, 1, 25.—
(β).
By maxime, above all, most of all, especially, chiefly:
cum omnibus in rebus temeritas in adsentando turpis est, tum in eo loco maxime in quo ju dicandum est quantum, etc.,
Cic. Div. 1, 4, 7; id. Tusc. 4, 1, 1; 5, 12, 36; id. Rosc. Am. 25, 69:
cum infamia atque indignitas rei impediebat, tum maxime quod, etc.,
Caes. B. G. 7, 56; Sall. J. 43, 5; Liv. 1, 8, 2; Suet. Claud. 30; Quint. 6, 1, 29.—
(γ).
By praecipue, especially, chiefly, above all:
cum omnium sociorum provinciarumque rationem diligenter habere debetis, tum praecipue Siciliae,
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 1, § 2; id. Fam. 13, 11, 3:
fortuna quae plurimum potest cum in reliquis rebus, tum praecipue in bello,
Caes. B. C. 3, 68; Liv. 22, 43, 11; 1, 40, 3; Quint. 1, 1, 29; 1, 10, 13; 5, 10, 106; Plin. Ep. 4, 3, 2.—
(δ).
By inprimis, chiefly, principally:
cum multa non probo, tum illud inprimis quod, etc.,
Cic. Fin. 1, 6, 18; id. Fam. 12, 22, 3.—
(ε).
By cumprimis, chiefly, principally: quapropter bene cum superis de rebus habenda Nobis est ratio... tum cumprimis Unde anima atque animi constet [p. 1910] natura videndum, Lucr. 1, 131.—
(ζ).
By certe, especially, at least, assuredly:
at cum de plurimis eadem dicit, tum certe de maximis,
Cic. Fin. 4, 5, 13; id. Fam. 7, 4; cf. Quint. 2, 1, 10.—
(η).
By nimirum, assuredly, undoubtedly:
cum plurimas... commoditates amicitia contineat, tum illa nimirum praestat omnibus quod, etc.,
Cic. Am. 7, 23. —
(θ).
By etiam, besides, as well:
cum omnes omnibus ex terris homines improbos audacesque collegerat, tum etiam multos fortes viros et bonos... tenebat,
Cic. Cael. 6, 14; id. Ac. 2, 10, 31; id. Tusc. 1, 1, 2:
quos tu cum memoriter, tum etiam erga nos amice et benevole collegisti,
id. Fin. 1, 10, 34; id. Verr. 2, 3, 23, § 56:
cum sua virtute, tum etiam alienis vitiis,
id. Leg. 23, 67; id. Fin. 2, 12, 38; id. N. D. 2, 37, 95; id. de Or. 3, 60, 225; Liv. 1, 21, 2; 7, 23, 6; 7, 32, 10; Val. Max. 7, 2, 3; 3, 2, 10; 9, 6, 3; Quint. 9, 1, 20; 9, 4, 143.—
(ι).
By quoque, also, besides, as well:
cum potestas major, tum vir quoque potestati par hostes trans Anienem submovere,
Liv. 4, 17, 11; 1, 22, 2; cf. Quint. 12, 10, 72.—
(κ).
By et, also, besides, too:
cujus mortem cum luctus civitatis, tum et dictaturae undecim insignem fecere,
Just. 19, 1, 7.—
(λ).
By praeterea, moreover, besides:
dicimus C. Verrem cum multa libidinose fecerit, tum praeterea quadringentiens sestertium ex Sicilia abstulisse,
Cic. Verr. 1, 18, 56.
II.
Tum as correlative of dependent clauses (freq. in ante - class. writings and Cic., rare in post-Aug. writings).
A.
With temporal clauses, introduced by cum, = at the time when, at a time when.
1.
Referring to definite past time.
a.
Tum as antecedent of cum:
jam tum cum primum jussit me ad se arcessier, Roget quis, Quid tibi cum illa?
Ter. Eun. 3, 3, 4; id. Heaut. 2, 3, 21:
qui (Hercules) tum dolore frangebatur cum immortalitatem ipsa morte quaerebat,
Cic. Tusc. 2, 8, 20:
bene apud majores nostros senatus tum cum florebat imperium decrevit ut, etc.,
id. Div. 1, 41, 91; id. Phil. 2, 44, 114; id. Div. 1, 17, 30; id. Verr. 2, 2, 66, § 160; id. Clu. 33, 89; id. Verr. 1, 2, 5; id. Brut. 2, 7; 23, 89; id. Off. 3, 27, 100; id. Agr. 2, 24, 64; id. Phil. 2, 39, 100; 3, 4, 11:
tum mittendos legatos fuisse cum Perseus Graecas urbes obsideret,
Liv. 45, 3, 7:
tum cum Vipereos sparsi... dentes,
Ov. M. 4, 572; id. H. 3, 23; Val. Max. 6, 1, 12.—After pluperf.:
nam tum cum in Asia res magnas permulti amiserant scimus Romae solutione impedita fidem concidisse,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 7, 19; Val. Max. 3, 6, 1; 2, 8, 15 fin. —Tum inserted in the temporal clause:
cum Davo egomet vidi jurgantem ancillam... quom ibi me adesse neuter tum praesenserat,
Ter. And. 5, 1, 20.—
b.
Tum, introducing the apodosis of the temporal clause (generally not transl. in Engl.).
(α).
Of coincident events, cum... tum = while: quom genui tum morituros scivi, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 58, 132 (Trag. Rel. v. 361 Vahl.); Ter. Phorm. 3, 2, 18:
cum minime videbamur, tum maxime philosophabamur,
Cic. N. D. 1, 3, 6; id. Agr. 2, 11, 26; id. Cael. 26, 63; id. Phil. 3, 5, 13:
cum pavida mulier nullam opem videret, tum Tarquinius fateri amorem, orare, etc.,
Liv. 1, 58, 3; 5, 11, 4. —
(β).
Tum = deinde, usu. after a pluperf.:
id cum Sulla fecisset, tum ante oppidum Nolam Samnitium castra cepit,
Cic. Div. 1, 33, 72; id. Brut. 92, 319; id. Ac. 2, 3, 9; 2, 3, 15; id. Fin. 1, 8, 26; id. Tusc. 4, 20, 45; id. Div. 1, 25, 53; 2, 2, 7; id. Rep. 2, 25, 47; Liv. 21, 11, 8; cf. id. 1, 26, 7; 23, 22, 4.—Inserted in the apodosis:
cum jam humanae opes egestae a Veis essent, amoliri tum deum dona,
Liv. 5, 22, 3.—
2.
Referring to definite present time:
quem esse negas, eundem esse dicis. Cum enim miserum esse dicis, tum eum qui non sit, dicis esse,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 6, 12.—
3.
Referring to indefinite time.
a.
As antecedent of the clause, = at the time when, at a time when, whenever: hominum inmortalis est infamia;
etiam tum vivit quom esse credas mortuam,
Plaut. Pers. 3, 1, 28; id. As. 1, 3, 55; id. Merc. 3, 2, 7; Cato, R. R. 31:
nec sibi enim quisquam tum se vitamque requirit Cum pariter mens et corpus sopita quiescunt,
Lucr. 3, 919; 4, 444; 4, 455;
4, 1166: omnis praedictio mali tum probatur cum ad praedictionem cautio adjungitur,
Cic. Div. 2, 25, 54; id. Fin. 2, 32, 104; id. N. D. 2, 3, 9: tum cum sine pondere suci Mobilibus ventis arida facta volant, Ov. H. 5, 109; Cic. Ac. 1, 12, 44; 2, 27, 88; id. Fin. 4, 8, 20; id. Tusc. 3, 9, 20; 5, 26, 73; id. N. D. 1, 4, 9; id. Off. 1, 27, 93.—Tum maxime... cum plurimum = eo magis quo magis:
eam (partem animi) tum maxime vigere cum plurimum absit a corpore,
Cic. Div. 1, 32, 70; so, cum maxime... tum maxime; v. b. a foll.—
b.
Tum introducing the apodosis.
(α).
As coincident:
quom amamus, tum perimus,
Plaut. Truc. 1, 2, 94:
ulmus, cum folia cadunt, tum iterum tempestiva est,
Cato, R. R. 17; so id. ib. 155 (156):
cum ea quae quasi involuta fuerunt, aperti sunt, tum inventa dicuntur,
Cic. Ac. 2, 8, 26; id. Fin. 5, 10, 29; 1, 17, 57; id. N. D. 2, 52, 129; 1, 19, 49; id. Imp. Pomp. 6, 15.—Cum maxime... tum maxime = quo magis eo magis:
nam quom pugnabant maxume, ego tum fugiebam maxume,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 45:
quamobrem omnes, cum secundae res sunt maxume, tum maxume Meditari secum oportet, etc.,
Cic. Tusc. 3, 14, 30 poet. —
(β).
As subsequent:
ad legionem quom itum, adminiculum eis danunt tum jam aliquem cognatum suum,
Plaut. Most. 1, 2, 47:
eo cum accessit ratio argumentique conclusio... tum et perceptio eorum omnium apparet,
Cic. Ac. 2, 10, 30; 2, 41, 128; id. Fin. 5, 9, 24; 1, 20, 69; 5, 15, 41; id. Tusc. 1, 4, 8; 1, 24, 58; 3, 2, 3; id. N. D. 2, 48, 123; id. Div. 2, 19, 44.—
4.
Referring to future time.
(α).
Tum as antecedent of cum:
quom mi haec dicentur dicta, tum tu, furcifer, quasi mus in medio pariete vorsabere,
Plaut. Cas. 1, 51; id. Bacch. 3, 4, 20:
non committam ut tum haec res judicetur cum haec frequentia Roma discesserit,
Cic. Verr. 1, 18, 54; id. Agr. 2, 17, 44; 2, 25, 67; id. Fin. 4, 22, 62; id. Tusc. 1, 20, 46; Liv. 23, 13, 4; 41, 10, 7; Ov. M. 2, 651; id. H. 15, 293; Nep. Them. 6, 5.—
(β).
Tum introducing the apodosis:
quom videbis, tum scies,
Plaut. Bacch. 1, 2, 37; 4, 6, 30:
de quo cum perpauca dixero, tum ad jus civile veniam,
Cic. Leg. 1, 12, 34; id. Clu. 2, 6; 4, 9; Liv. 3, 56, 10.—
B.
With temporal clause, introduced by ubi.
1.
Tum as antecedent of the clause (very rare):
vitem novellam resecare tum erit tempus ubi valebit,
Cato, R. R. 33:
tum tu igitur demum id adulescenti aurum dabis, ubi erit locata virgo in matrimonium?
Plaut. Trin. 3, 3, 52.—
2.
Tum introducing the apodosis.
(α).
Referring to definite past time (tum always = deinde):
ubi eorum dolorem majorem quam ceterorum cognovi, tum meum animum in illos, tum mei consilii causam proposui, tum eos hortatus sum, etc.,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 63, § 140; Sall. J. 94, 3:
ubi illuxit, et Romanis Punica et Gallica arma cognita, tum dubitationem exemere,
Liv. 25, 10, 5; 1, 9, 10; 4, 57, 3; 9, 43, 16; 21, 25, 12; 23, 11, 4.—
(β).
Referring to indefinite time:
post ubi tempust promissa jam perfici, Tum coacti necessario se aperiunt,
Ter. And. 4, 1, 8: Cato, R. R. 3 init.; 17:
ubi jam morbi se flexit causa... Tum quasi vaccillans primum consurgit,
Lucr. 3, 503; 6, 129; 6, 526.—
(γ).
Referring to future time:
otium ubi erit, tum tibi operam ludo et deliciae dabo,
Plaut. Rud. 2, 4, 13; id. Stich. 4, 2, 14:
ubi tu voles, Ubi tempus erit, sat habet si tum recipitur,
Ter. Eun. 3, 2, 32; Plaut. Truc. 4, 4, 18; id. Bacch. 4, 3, 72; id. Pers. 4, 7, 19; id. Cas. 3, 2, 27:
ut ubi id interrogando argumentis firmavero, tum testes ad crimen accommodem,
Cic. Verr. 1, 18, 55:
ubi haerere jam aciem videris, tum terrorem equestrem infer,
Liv. 6, 12, 10; 22, 55, 8.—
C.
With a temporal clause introduced by postquam.
1.
Tum as antecedent of the clause (very rare):
Flaminius qui ne quieto quidem hoste ipse quieturus erat, tum vero postquam res sociorum ante oculos prope suos ferri vidit, suum id dedecus ratus, etc.,
Liv. 22, 3, 7; Val. Max. 3, 8, 1 (v. infra, III. A. 2. a. b).—
2.
Tum introducing the apodosis (always = deinde).
(α).
Referring to definite past time:
posteaquam e portu piratae exierunt, tum coeperunt quaerere homines, etc.,
Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 38, § 100; Sall. J. 106, 6; 84, 1; id. Cat. 51, 40 (al. tunc):
postquam satis virium collectum videbat, tum ex suis unum sciscitatum Romam ad patrem misit,
Liv. 1, 54, 5; 3, 66, 5; 6, 13, 4; 22, 48, 4; 25, 10, 6; Gell. 5, 3, 6.—
(β).
Referring to indefinite time: postquam vero commoditas quaedam... dicendi copiam consecuta est, tum ingenio freta malitia pervertere urbes adsuevit, Cic. Inv. 1, 2, 3.—
D.
With a temporal clause introduced by ut.
1.
Tum as antecedent of the clause (very rare):
tum vero ingentem gemitum dat Ut spolia, ut currus, utque ipsum corpus amici... conspexit,
Verg. A. 1, 485; cf. id. ib. 12, 218.—
2.
Tum introducing the apodosis.
(α).
Of definite past time:
nam ut dudum adcurrimus ad Alcesimarchum... tum mi, puto, prae timore hic excidisse Cistellam,
Plaut. Cist. 4, 2, 46:
sed ut intellectum est quantam vim haberet accurata... oratio, tum etiam magistri dicendi multi subito exstiterunt,
Cic. Brut. 8, 30; id. Phil. 9, 4, 9; Liv. 24, 44, 10; id. 21, 54, 9; 23, 34, 6.—
(β).
Referring to future time:
neque ut quaeque res delata ad nos erit, tum denique scrutari locos debemus,
Cic. de Or. 2, 34, 146:
traditum esse ut quando aqua Albana abundasset, tum, si eam Romanus rite emisisset, victoriam de Vejentibus dari (= si quando),
Liv. 5, 15, 11 Weissenb. ad loc.—
E.
With a temporal clause introduced by quando.
1.
Tum as antecedent of the clause.
(α).
Of definite past time:
auctoritatem senatus exstare sentio, tum, quando Alexandro mortuo, legatos Tyrum misimus,
Cic. Agr. 2, 16, 41.—
(β).
Of future time:
at scire tum memento quando id quod voles habebis,
Plaut. Capt. 2, 1, 41; id. Mil. 3, 1, 213; id. Most. 3, 1, 136; id. Men. 5, 7, 57:
utinam tum essem natus quando Romani dona accipere coepissent,
Cic. Off. 2, 21, 75.—
2.
Tum introducing the apodosis.
(α).
Of indefinite time (quando = whenever):
quando esurio tum crepant (intestina),
Plaut. Men. 5, 5, 27; id. Truc. 1, 1, 15; id. Ps. 4, 7, 85:
quando mulier dotem marito dabat, tum quae ex suis bonis retinebat reciperare dicebatur,
Gell. 17, 6, 6; 7 (6), 14, 4.—
(β).
Of future time:
at tu, quando habebis, tum dato,
Plaut. Men. 3, 3, 23:
quando ab eadem parte sol eodemque tempore iterum defecerit, tum signis omnibus ad principium revocatis, expletum annum habeto,
Cic. Rep. 6, 22, 24:
quando mihi usus venerit, tum quaeram ex te atque discam,
Gell. 6 (7), 17, 4.—
F.
In the apodosis after simul ac:
an simul ac nubes successere, ipse in eas tum Descendit (Juppiter), prope ut hinc teli determinet ictus?
Lucr. 6, 402.—
G.
With a temporal clause introduced by dum.
1.
Tum as antecedent:
sanctius visum est nomen Augusti, ut scilicet jam tum dum colit terras, ipso numine ac titulo consecretur,
Flor. 2, 33, 66 (4, 12, 66).—
2.
Tum introducing the apodosis:
dum habeat, tum amet,
Plaut. Truc. 2, 1, 23:
dum se glomerant... tum pondere turris Procubuit,
Verg. A. 9, 540.—
H.
As antecedent of quamdiu:
qui cum tibi amicus non modo tum fuerit quamdiu tecum in provincia fuerit, verum etiam nunc sit cum, etc.,
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 24, § 58.—
K.
Denoting a logical consequence after quando and cum:
quando ergo erga te benignus fui... tum te mihi benigne itidem addecet... referre gratiam,
Plaut. Rud. 5, 3, 35:
cum magnus numerus deesset, tum iste homo nefarius in eorum locum... substituere coepit cives Romanos,
Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 28, § 72.—
L.
After relative clauses denoting time: qua tempestate Paris Helenam innuptis junxit nuptiis, Ego tum gravida expletis jam fere ad pariendum mensibus, Poet. ap. Cic. de Or. 3, 58, 219 (Trag. Rel. p. 246 Rib.).—
M.
With conditional clauses.
1.
With a conditional clause introduced by si, sin, ni (not nisi).
(α).
Tum as antecedent of clause:
tum pol ego interii, homo si ille abiit,
Plaut. Ps. 4, 1, 6; id. Men. 2, 2, 71; Ter. Heaut. 4, 3, 40:
si tenuis causa est, tum etiam argumentandi tenue filum,
Cic. Or. 36, 124; id. Rep. 1, 40, 62; 2, 9, 15; id. Fin. 1, 19, 63; id. N. D. 1, 6, 13; id. Verr. 2, 3, 47, § 112:
tum vero ego nequiquam Capitolium servaverim si civem in servitutem duci videam,
Liv. 6, 14, 4; 3, 9, 11; 6, 14, 4; 7, 34, 14; Cato ap. Plin. 29, 1, 7, § 14; Gell. 2, 12, 1 sq.; 4, 13, 1; 14, 2, 21.—
(β).
Tum introducing the apodosis:
si triduum hoc hic erimus, tum arbores in te cadent,
Plaut. Men. 2, 3, 30; id. Rud. 5, 2, 59; 3, 4, 49; id. As. 1, 3, 89; id. Rud. 1, 3, 13; id. Ps. 4, 1, 1; 4, 1, 48 (39); Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 64; 3, 1, 17; id. Phorm. 1, 3, 19; Cato, R. R. 26; cf. id. ib. 27:
quod si, ut spero, cepero, tum vero litteras publice mittam,
Cic. Fam. 2, 10, 3; id. Div. 1, 44, 100; cf. id. Ac. 2, 10, 32; id. Fin. 2, 4, 79; id. N. D. 3, 36, 87; id. Rep. 1, 43, 66: id. [p. 1911] Rosc. Am. 49, 142:
si dimicandum erit, tum tu in novissimos te recipito,
Liv. 7, 40, 13; 8, 10, 12; Hor. S. 1, 2, 97; Ov. M. 7, 32.—
Esp., denoting the consequences of perjury in ancient formulas of oaths: si ego injuste illos homines dedier mihi exposco, tum patriae compotem me numquam siris esse,
Liv. 1, 32, 7; 1, 24, 8; 22, 53, 11; hence, quid si falles? Me. Tum Mercurius Sosiae iratus siet, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 239; 3, 2, 52; id. Aul. 4, 10, 50; cf. also Liv. 3, 64, 10.—
2.
With a condition contrary to fact.
(α).
Tum, antecedent of clause:
tum esset ostentum, si anguem vectis circumplicavisset,
Cic. Div. 2, 28, 62; id. Verr. 2, 2, 68, § 164:
tum id audirem si tibi soli viveres,
id. Marcell. 8, 25; id. Fin. 4, 13, 33; id. Div. 2, 35, 73.—
(β).
Tum introducing the apodosis:
si quidem me amaret, tum istuc prodesset,
Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 56:
quodsi omnia nobis quae ad victum pertinent. suppeditarentur, tum optimo quisque ingenio, totum se in cognitione et scientia collocaret,
Cic. Off. 1, 44, 158. —
N.
After an abl. absol.
1.
With perfect participles (= postquam or cum... tum), mostly with denique, vero, demum.
(α).
Referring to definite past time:
ut morte ejus nuntiata tum denique bellum confectum arbitraretur,
Cic. Mur. 16, 34:
sed confecto proelio tum vero cerneres quanta vis animi fuisset in exercitu Catilinae,
Sall. C. 61, 1:
ita rebus divinis peractis tum de bello deque republica dictator rettulit,
Liv. 22, 11, 1; 2, 29, 1; 2, 29, 3; 3, 56, 1; 5, 50, 8; Plin. 11, 20, 22, § 68.—
(β).
Referring to indefinite time:
hisce omnibus rebus consideratis, tum denique id quod primum est dicendum, postremum soleo cogitare, quo utar exordio,
Cic. Or. 2, 77, 315.—
(γ).
Referring to future time (the abl. absol. = a fut. perf.):
ita prope XL. diebus interpositis tum denique se responsuros esse arbitrantur,
Cic. Verr. 1, 10, 31; 1, 18, 54; id. Fin. 4, 13, 32; id. Scaur. Fragm. 10, 22.—
2.
With pres. participles (post-class.):
tacentibus cunctis, tum ipse (dixit), etc.,
Just. 12, 15, 6.
III.
Particular connections.
A.
With other particles of time.
1.
Jam tum, already at that time, i. e. earlier than might be anticipated:
jam tum erat suspitio Dolo malo haec fieri,
Ter. Eun. 3, 3, 8; cf. id. ib. 4, 4, 58; id. Phorm. 5, 8, 34:
quippe etenim jam tum divom mortalia saecla Egregias animo facies vigilante videbant,
Lucr. 5, 1169; 5, 1037:
ut mihi jam tum divinasse ille (Romulus) videatur hanc urbem sedem aliquando summo esse imperio praebituram,
Cic. Rep. 2, 5, 10; 2, 7, 12; id. Div. 2, 57, 118; id. Tusc. 4, 2, 4:
jam tum in Palatio monte Lupercal hoc fuisse ludicrum ferunt,
Liv. 1, 5, 1; 1, 7, 16; 1, 41, 7; 10, 21, 14;
24, 49, 1: ut jam tum qualis futurus esset ostenderet,
Suet. Dom. 1; Curt. 4, 6, 29.—
2.
Tum demum and tum denique, then only, then at length, then at last, not till then, i. e. later than might be expected, implying delayed action.
a.
Tum demum.
(α).
In gen.:
adversisque in rebus noscere qui sit. Nam verae voces tum demum pectore ab imo Eiciuntur,
Lucr. 3, 58:
tum demum Liscus, oratione Caesaris adductus, quod antea tacuerat proponit,
Caes. B. G. 1, 17; 5, 33; Sall. J. 46, 1:
nec ante in campum degressi sunt quam, etc. Tum demum castra Etruscorum pro moenibus Fidenarum posita,
Liv. 4, 17, 12; 45, 12, 6; 2, 20, 11; 5, 39, 2; 23, 19, 15 et saep.; Val. Max. 1, 6, 10; 1, 7, 4; Curt. 3, 12, 12; Tac. A. 3, 18; 3, 47.—
(β).
In partic., referring to clauses introduced by cum, ubi, si, or abl. absol. (v. II. A. B. L. M.), denoting absolute restriction to the terms of the clause:
imo etiam ubi expolivero, magis hoc tum demum dices,
Plaut. Poen. 1, 1, 60:
tum demum mihi procax Academia videbitur si aut consenserint omnes, aut, etc.,
Cic. N. D. 1, 6, 13:
cum is Casilini eo die mansurum dixisset, tum demum cognitus est error,
Liv. 22, 13, 8; Vell. 2, 115, 4; Val. Max. 3, 8, 1 fin.; 7, 2, 4; Curt. 3, 11, 6; Plin. Ep. 8, 20, 7.—
(γ).
Sometimes = nunc demum (anteclass.): victus es, Chaline. St. Tum nos demum vivere. Olympio. Gaudeo, Plaut. Cas. 2, 6, 65.—
b.
Tum denique.
(α).
In gen.:
tum denique tauros in gregem redigo,
Varr. R. R. 2, 5:
injecta glaeba tumulus is (locus) ubi humatus est vocatur, ac tum denique multa religiosa jura complectitur,
Cic. Leg. 2, 22, 57; id. Fin. 3, 22, 76; id. Tusc. 3, 26, 61: nequiquam temptati ut tum denique desisterent impediendo bello, Liv. 4, 55, 5; Ov. M. 4, 519; 7, 857; 10, 664.—
(β).
Referring to clauses with cum, etc. (v. II. A. B. L. M.):
tum denique homines nostra intellegimus bona quom quae in potestate habuimus ea amisimus,
Plaut. Capt. 1, 2, 33:
quo cum venerimus, tum denique vivemus,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 31, 75; 3, 31, 75; id. Leg. 2, 4, 10; id. Rep. 1, 6, 11; so,
tum denique si,
id. Fam. 14, 2, 3; id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 10, § 29; id. Verr. 2, 2, 1, § 1:
indicandum primum fuisse, dein petendum praesidium, postremo ni impetraretur, tum denique querendum,
Liv. 23, 43, 2; Cato ap. Plin. 17, 18, 29, § 126 (for tum vero denique after ut, Cic. Phil. 9, 4, 9, v. II. D. 2. a).—
3.
Tum primum (rarely primo), then for the first time:
tum genus humanum primum mollescere coepit,
Lucr. 5, 1014:
ludorum gratia quos tum primum anniversarios in circo facere constituisset,
Cic. Rep. 2, 7, 12; id. Sen. 21, 78; Caes. B. G. 7, 11:
ponte sublicio tum primum in Tiberi facto,
Liv. 1, 33, 6; 2, 41, 3; 39, 22, 2; 2, 20, 6; 39, 49, 4; Vell. 2, 37, 5; Tac. A. 2, 27; id. H. 4, 57; Curt. 3, 12, 26. —
4.
With deinde, hic, postea, with consecutive force emphatic.
a.
Deinde tum (very rare):
primum ea quae sumus acturi cogitare debemus, deinde tum dicere ac facere,
Varr. L. L. 6, 6, 62.—
b.
Tum deinde.
(α).
= tum demum or tum denique, then at length, not till then, then only:
nonne optime patronus occurrat prius conviciis luxuriae, etc., tum deinde narret de bonis Pallae? etc.,
Quint. 4, 2, 27; 12, 10, 11:
emam, aedificabo, credam, exigam, honores geram: tum deinde lassam senectutem in otium referam,
Sen. Ep. 101, 4; Plin. 16, 44, 95, § 251.—So corresp. with cum:
quas cum solus pertulisset, tum deinde comitia collegae subrogando habuit,
Liv. 2, 8, 3 (Weissenb. demum, by conj.); Col. R. R. 1, 6, 13. —
(β).
= an emphatic deinde: nam praetermisit quod in prima parte sumere debuit;
tum deinde eodem ipso quod omiserat quasi proposito ad confirmandum aliud utitur,
Gell. 2, 8, 3; 13, 24 (23), 1; Just. 2, 1, 19.—
c.
With hic:
hic tum repente Pacilius quidam accedit, ait, etc.,
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 38, § 94:
hic ego tum ad respondendum surrexi,
id. Clu. 18, 51; 27, 73:
hic tum injectus est hominibus scrupulus,
id. ib. 28, 76; id. Sest. 11, 25.—
d.
Tum postea:
tum postea complorantibus nostris, dies quidem tandem inluxit,
Gell. 19, 1, 3; so id. 14, 3, 10 (for quid tum postea, v. D. 1.).—
5.
With interim:
unum, alterum, tertium annum Sassia quiescebat... Tum interim, Q. Hortensio, Q. Metello coss.... despondet ei filiam suam,
Cic. Clu. 64, 179.—
B.
With particles of emphasis.
1.
Tum vero (sometimes tum enimvero or enimvero tum), then indeed, at that crisis, then if not before, etc., or merely = emphatic then, denoting either coincidence or sequence of action.
(α).
In gen.:
discedit a Melino Cluentia. Tum vero illa egregia mater palam exsultare... coepit,
Cic. Clu. 5, 14; 22, 61; id. Agr. 1, 1, 3; id. Verr. 2, 5, 41, § 107:
semper equidem magno cum metu incipio dicere... tum vero ita sum perturbatus ut, etc.,
id. Clu. 18, 51:
tum vero dubitandum non existimavit quin ad eos proficisceretur,
Caes. B. G. 2, 8; 5, 37; id. B. C. 1, 82; 2, 42:
Aruns Tarquinius et Tullia minor... junguntur nuptiis. Tum vero in dies infestior Tulli senectus... coepit esse,
Liv. 1, 47, 1; 2, 22, 6; 4, 49, 13; 10, 19, 12; 21, 45, 9; 21, 58, 5; Ov. M. 2, 227; 7, 685; Curt. 4, 13, 1; 3, 11, 5; Tac. Agr. 37.—And in enumerations:
deinde... post autem... tum vero ipsam veterem Karthaginem vendunt,
Cic. Agr. 1, 2, 5.—
(β).
As correlative of temporal or conditional clauses, and after abl. absol.:
quod ubi Romam est nuntiatum, senatui metum injecit ne tum vero sustineri nec in urbe seditio, nec in castris posset,
Liv. 5, 7, 4; Sall. J. 94, 3:
tum vero... si,
Cic. Fin. 1, 19, 63; Liv. 6, 14, 4 (v. II. M. 1. a, b).—With cum, Liv. 32, 12, 1:
quae postquam frustra temptata rogumque parari... vidit, Tum vero gemitus... Edidit,
Ov. M. 2, 621; Sall. J. 106, 6; 84, 1; id. Cat. 51, 40; v. C. 1. b. (so, tum vero denique after ut, Cic. Phil. 9, 4, 9; v. II. D. 2. and M. 1.).—
2.
Tum quidem, at that time, thereupon, then at least (usu. opposed to a later time): dixit sibi in somnis visum esse, etc. Et tum quidem incolumis exercitum liberavit; post triennium autem devovit se, etc., Cic. Div. 1, 24, 51; so,
actum quidem,
id. Fl. 25, 59; id. Lael. 11, 39:
et tum quidem ab Dio Perseus in interiora regni recepit se... post dies paucos, etc.,
Liv. 42, 39, 1; 1, 57, 10; 3, 2, 10;
7, 17, 3.—Often in resuming the narrative after a digression: ac tum quidem regem... filium appellat,
Curt. 4, 7, 25.—Merely emphatic:
Duillio Cornelioque coss. etiam mari congredi ausus est. Tum quidem ipsa velocitas classis comparatae victoriae auspicium fuit,
Flor. 1, 18 (2, 2), 7; so id. 1, 22 (2, 6), 20; 1, 40 (3, 5), 12.—With cum, Tac. Dial. 11.—
3.
Ne tum quidem, not even then:
num quis horum miser hodie? Ne tum quidem, post spiritum extremum,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 37, 89; id. Div. 1, 26, 55; id. Verr. 2, 2, 40, § 98:
ubi ne tum quidem eos prodire intellexit,
Caes. B. G. 1, 50; 7, 53; Tac. H. 5, 21; Curt. 3, 2, 18.—With cum:
ille vere ne tum quidem miser cum ab Oroete in crucem actus est,
Cic. Fin. 5, 30, 92; so id. Tusc. 5, 20, 57; id. Verr. 2, 5, 23, § 59; Liv. praef. 12; 39, 39, 11.—
4.
Tum maxime (sometimes tum cummaxime).
(α).
Especially at that time, chiefly then: illi sumposia, nos convivia quod tum maxime simul vivitur, Cic. Fam. 9, 24, 35; id. Leg. 2, 11, 26.—With cum:
quae quidem vis tum maxime cognita est cum... M. Cato, legem suadens, in Galbam multa dixit,
Cic. Brut. 23, 89; id. Sest. 21, 47; id. Par. 4, 1, 29.—
(β).
Just then, just at that moment (not ante-Aug.):
regi, tum maxime captivos ex Illyrico vendenti,
Liv. 43, 20, 3; 1, 10, 1:
per totam aciem vulgatum est, castra amissa esse, et tum cummaxime ardere,
id. 40, 32, 1; so,
tum cummaxime,
id. 43, 7, 8:
corpus enim suum a caupone trucidatum tum maxime plaustro ad portam ferri,
Val. Max. 1, 7, ext. 10; 2, 10, 2; 3, 2, 2 fin.; Curt. 3, 4, 14; 6, 6, 10; Plin. 2, 63, 63, § 154; Quint. 2, 15, 30; 2, 61, 31; Suet. Caes. 65; id. Calig. 53.—So with cum:
et quod tum maxime Abydum oppugnaret cum rex ab Attalo et Rhodiis ultro se bello lacessitum diceret,
Liv. 31, 18, 2; Sen. Ira, 1, 15, 2.—
(γ).
Strengthening the co-ordinate tum after cum, so especially; v. I. C. 3. e. b (for cum maxime... tum maxime and tum maxime... cum plurimum, v. II. A. 3. a. b.).—
5.
Tum potissimum = tum maxime, just then (rare):
C. Caesar... tum potissimum acie commissa impeditos religione hostes vicit,
Front. Strat. 2, 1, 16.—
6.
Etiam tum.
(α).
Even then:
etiam tum vivit cum esse credas mortuam,
Plaut. Pers. 3, 1, 28:
totum se Servilio etiam tum tradidit,
even then, at so late a time, Cic. Sest. 62, 130:
etiam tum cum verisimile erit,
id. Rosc. Am. 20, 57.— So with cum, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 59, § 154; id. Dom. 13, 23; id. Sest. 38, 81.—
(β).
Still, as yet (also as one word; cf. etiamtum, and v. the foll. additional passages), Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 19, § 41; id. Fin. 3, 14, 48; id. Rep. 2, 12, 24; id. Arch. 3, 5; id. de Or. 2, 3, 12; id. Brut. 20, 80; id. Off. 2, 14, 47; Caes. B. C. 3, 93; Liv. 5, 40, 10; Val. Max. 9, 6, 3; Tac. A. 3, 72; Suet. Claud. 27 fin.; id. Dom. 22.—
And with a negation, = nondum: ipsa ego non longos etiam tum scissa capillos,
not yet long, Ov. H. 8, 79.—
7.
Tum etiam.
(α).
Followed by si or cum, even if, even when:
atque equidem filium Tum etiam si nolit, cogam,
Ter. Ad. 5, 3, 65:
qui tum etiam cum... circumfusi erant caligine,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 19, 45.—
(β).
Then also, then too, besides:
tum etiam illud cogitatote, sic vivere Cornelium ut, etc.,
Cic. Balb. 28, 65; id. N. D. 1, 16, 43; so id. Leg. 1, 13, 35; id. Fin. 2, 16, 53; Col. 12 praef.—
8.
Tum quoque.
(α).
Also then, then likewise, then as before, then as on another occasion mentioned before: ceu lapidem si Percutiat lapis aut ferrum;
nam tum quoque lumen Exsilit,
Lucr. 6, 162:
tum quoque homini plus tribui quam nescio cui necessitati,
Cic. Prov. Cons. 11, 28:
tum quoque multis milibus Latinorum in civitatem acceptis,
Liv. 1, 33, 5; 2, 52, 2; 21, 22, 4; Caes. B. C. 3, 37; Ov. M. 14, 369.—
(β).
Even then, = etiam tum (rare):
et tamen tum quoque se absentes triumphare credunt,
Liv. 45, 38, 13; 39, 41, 3; 39, 47, 11; Ov. H. 17 (18), 190.—
(γ).
In orat. obliq. (v. I. A. 2.), even now:
quod si Romani tum quoque aequa aspernarentur,
Liv. 42, 62, 7. —
(δ).
= sic quoque, even under the circumstances, even as it was, etc. (v. sic, V. 3.): ut si effugium patuisset in publicum, impleturae urbem tumultu fuerint. Tum quoque [p. 1912] aliquotiens integro corpore evaserunt, Liv. 24, 26, 13; 40, 16, 6; 43, 4, 1;
9, 13, 9: tum quoque, amputata dextra, navem sinistra comprehendit,
Just. 2, 9, 18.—
9.
Tum ipsum = eo ipso tempore, at the very time, just then, even then (only in Cic. in four passages; cf.:
nunc ipsum): tota igitur ratio talium largitionum vitiosa est, temporibus necessaria, et tum ipsum... moderanda est,
Cic. Off. 2, 17, 60:
quem quidem cum sua voluntate ex patria Karthaginem revertisset, tum ipsum cum vigiliis et fame cruciaretur, clamat virtus beatiorem fuisse quam Thorium,
id. Fin. 2, 20, 65 Madv. ad loc.:
tum ipsum cum immolare velis extorum fieri mutatio potest,
id. Div. 1, 52, 118:
ita (oratores), non injuria, quotienscunque dicerent, id quod aliquando posset accidere, ne tum ipsum accideret, timere,
id. Or. 1, 27, 123.—
C.
Tum with co-ordinating particles.
1.
Tum autem.
(α).
= praeterea, and then, besides (v. I. C. 1.): turpilucricupidum te vocant cives tui;
tum autem sunt alii qui te volturium vocant,
Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 64:
oves scabrae sunt... Tum autem Surorum nemo exstat qui ibi sex menses vixerit,
id. ib. 2, 4, 141; id. Mil. 4, 2, 13; id. Pers. 4, 2, 3; id. Poen. 5, 5, 34; 5, 7, 22; Ter. And. 1, 5, 34; id. Eun. 5, 9, 7; id. Hec. 2, 1, 14; 3, 2, 10:
tum autem qui non ipso honesto movemur... callidi sumus, non boni,
Cic. Leg. 1, 14, 41; id. Or. 1, 58, 247; 2, 19, 80.—
(β).
= tum... tum:
visne igitur inter hos populos inambulantes, tum autem residentes quaeramus eisdem de rebus?
Cic. Leg. 1, 5, 15.—
(γ).
= eo tempore, with autem as connective:
tum illic autem Lemnius... uxorem duxit, etc.,
Plaut. Cist. 1, 3, 25:
tum autem ex omnibus montibus nives proluit,
Caes. B. C. 1, 48.—
(δ).
But in this instance:
uxori emunda ancilla'st: tum autem pluscula Supellectile opus est,
Ter. Phorm. 4, 3, 60; 5, 7, 25 sq.—
2.
For tum etiam, v. B. 7. b.—
3.
Tum praeterea:
nam tui similis est probe. Tum praeterea talem, nisi tu, nulla pareret filium,
Ter. Heaut. 5, 3, 20; so id. Ad. 3, 2, 47; id. Phorm. 3, 2, 33; Cic. Verr. 1, 18, 56 (v. I. C. 3. e. l).—
4.
Tum porro:
tum porro venti magnam quoque tollere partem Umoris possunt,
Lucr. 6, 623; 4, 829 (827).—
D.
Quid tum?
1.
In dialogue, what then? what next? what further? novi ego hos pugnos meos. Ca. Quid tum? Th. Quid tum? Rogitas? Hisce ego, si tu me inritaveris, placidum te hodie reddam, Plaut. Curc. 5, 3, 49; so id. As. 2, 2, 83; Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 47; 3, 5, 66; id. Phorm. 3, 3, 8.—And strengthened:
quid tum postea?
Plaut. Trin. 3, 3, 41; id. As. 2, 2, 68; 2, 2, 79; Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 78; 4, 2, 9; 4, 7, 23; id. Ad. 4, 5, 15; id. Hec. 4, 1, 36: videsne abundare me otio? A. Quid tum? Cic. Tusc. 2, 11, 26.—
2.
In imitation of a dialogue:
at mulctantur bonis exsules. Quid tum? Parumne multa de toleranda paupertate dicuntur?
Cic. Tusc. 5, 37, 107; so id. Quint. 22, 72; 27, 84; id. Verr. 2, 4, 59, § 132; id. Dom. 47, 123; id. Dejot. 7, 22; id. Phil. 1, 10, 26; Hor. S. 2, 3, 230.—
3.
As emphatic co-ordinative in quoting the different items of a document, law, etc.: quive in senatu sententiam dixit, dixerit. Quid tum? Qui eorum coiit, coierit, etc., what next? i. e. and then, listen! Cic. Clu. 54, 148; so id. Agr. 1, 5, 16; 3, 3, 11; id. Mur. 12, 26; id. Fl. 23, 55.—
E.
Tum temporis = eo tempore (post class. and rare; cf.:
tunc temporis): postera die civitas principem suum, ac tum temporis consulem in foro expectabat,
Just. 31, 2, 6.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > tum

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Till — Till, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Tilled}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Tilling}.] [OE. tilen, tilien, AS. tilian, teolian, to aim, strive for, till; akin to OS. tilian to get, D. telen to propagate, G. zielen to aim, ziel an end, object, and perhaps also to E.… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English

Словари и энциклопедии на Академике

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not+till

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Словари и энциклопедии на Академике

Перевод: со всех языков на английский

not+till

См. также в других словарях:

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