Перевод: со всех языков на все языки

со всех языков на все языки

new+democratic+party

  • 81 individualism

    •• * Простое, казалось бы, слово, обычно не относимое к разряду «ложных друзей переводчика», – соответствие индивидуализм кажется приемлемым практически всегда. Однако при более близком рассмотрении оказывается, что это своего рода «межкультурная ловушка», да и с переводом все не так просто.

    •• Individualism, как и liberalism, – одно из тех слов, которые по-разному понимают американцы и русские (и шире – американцы и многие европейцы). Упрощая, можно сказать, что американский individualism – это самостоятельность (кстати, не всегда легко выбрать удачный вариант перевода этого слова на английский язык – в зависимости от контекста это может быть autonomy, self-reliance, independence), а русский индивидуализм – эгоизм. Конечно, не надо упрощать, к тому же различия в осмыслении таких слов и понятий существуют не только между носителями разных языков и культур, но и внутри них, например, между представителями разных поколений, культурно-политических групп и т.д. И все же это один из тех случаев, где межкультурные различия – реальность, а не высосанные из пальца рассуждения.
    •• В одной из старых версий словаря ABBYY Lingvo выражение rugged individualism предлагается переводить как неприкрытый эгоизм. Здесь, наверное, «культурный компонент» – т.е. свойственное многим русским довольно негативное отношение к индивидуализму как таковому – помешал лексикографу разобраться в сути. Это словосочетание любил Герберт Гувер, хотя, вероятно, не он был его автором. Вот цитата из его речи:
    •• We were challenged with a choice between the American system of rugged individualism and a European philosophy of diametrically opposed doctrines – doctrines of paternalism and state socialism.
    •• Ни о каком «эгоизме» здесь нет речи. Упоминание сугубо положительное.
    •• Словарь Г.В. Чернова Americana предлагает грубый индивидуализм – и хотя за этим следует довольно удачная экспликация американского словосочетания, перевод ей, на мой взгляд, противоречит. Интересно развернутое определение и комментарий, которые дает New Dictionary of Cultural Literacy:
    •• The belief that all individuals, or nearly all individuals, can succeed on their own and that government help for people should be minimal. The phrase is often associated with policies of the Republican party and was widely used by the Republican president Herbert Hoover. The phrase was later used in scorn by the Democratic presidents Franklin D. Roosevelt and Harry S. Truman to refer to the disasters of Hoover’s administration, during which the stock market Crash of 1929 occurred and the Great Depression began.
    •• И хотя Гувер – не самый любимый американцами президент, а Рузвельт почитаем большинством, по моим наблюдениям rugged individualism сейчас употребляется практически всегда со знаком плюс. Можно предложить перевод здоровый индивидуализм, крепкий индивидуализм, в каких-то случаях – вера в/опора на собственные силы.
    •• А вот два примера, показывающие, что у нас даже вполне современно и либерально мыслящие люди склонны употреблять слово индивидуализм скорее с отрицательным оттенком. Дело здесь, конечно, не столько в определении, которое дают словари, например, в некоторых отношениях устаревший словарь Ожегова, а в глубоко укоренившейся культурной традиции.
    •• [Демократы] могут рассчитывать на голоса не более 20 процентов населения. А собирают еще меньше, потому что их потенциальные избиратели поражены индивидуализмом и социальным нигилизмом (Е. Ясин, «Московские новости»).
    •• Предприниматели – индивидуалисты по своей природе, работают в тесных отношениях с государством и поэтому боятся пойти на обострение отношений с ним (И. Бунин, «Московский комсомолец»).
    •• Этот «индивидуализм» явно не совпадает с англо-американским individualism. В обоих случаях я предложил бы вариант self-centered. Поражены социальным нигилизмом - может быть, are guilty of social nihilism/negativism. Боятся пойти на обострение отношений просто are afraid of a confrontation.

    English-Russian nonsystematic dictionary > individualism

  • 82 system

    ['sɪstɪm]
    n
    1) система, план, устройство, метод, организация, порядок, теория и т. п.

    His business lacks system. — Он ведет свой бизнес бессистемно.

    - simple system
    - rational system
    - rigid system
    - generally adopted system
    - elastic system
    - decimal system
    - monetary system
    - metric system
    - marking system
    - Roman number system
    - education system
    - defensive system
    - secret ballot system
    - scientific system
    - hydroelectric system
    - delivery system
    - communication system
    - fire prevention system
    - ignition system
    - navigation system
    - solar system
    - wage system
    - old-age pension system
    - river system
    - two-party system
    - single track system
    - amplifying system
    - air-conditioning system
    - central heating system
    - system analysis
    - system theory
    - system error
    - system of shorthand
    - system of education
    - existing system of English spelling
    - system of physical training
    - system of checking
    - system of mail service
    - system of taxation
    - system of national health care
    - on a barter system
    - on a credit system
    - on a down-payment system
    - on a hire-purchase system
    - on a gradual payment system
    - on the ready money system
    - on the official price system
    - on an easy payment system
    - on a profit-sharing system
    - under this scientific system
    - modify a system
    - adopt a budget system
    - work out a system
    - create a new administrative system
    - adhere to the system
    - be based on the system
    - lack system
    - test out the system
    - set up an international control system
    - work without a system
    - work by system, not by chance
    - work on shift system
    - build up a system of arguments
    - construct a modern water system
    - install a cooling system
    - install a hot-water system
    - keep a drainage system in perfect working order
    - keep the system in working order
    - system is not working properly
    2) строй, режим, государственное правление
    - political system
    - democratic system
    - system of slavery
    - abolish a feudal system

    The poison passed into the system. — Яд уже попал в организм.

    It is bad for the system. — Это вредно для здоровья

    - central nervous system
    - vegetative nervous system
    - higher nervous system
    - human system
    - digestive system
    - respiratory system
    - support-locomotion system
    - rehabilitation of the nervous system
    - depressed condition of the system
    - build up the system
    - get smth out of smb's system
    - regulate the system
    - tone up one's system

    English-Russian combinatory dictionary > system

  • 83 Delgado, General Humberto

    (1906-1965)
       Pioneer air force advocate and pilot, senior officer who opposed the Estado Novo, and oppositionist candidate in the 1958 presidential elections. One of the young army lieutenants who participated in the 28 May 1926 coup that established the military dictatorship, Delgado was a loyal regime supporter during its early phase (1926-44) and into its middle phase (1944-58). An important advocate of civil aeronautics, as well as being a daring pilot in the army air force and assisting the Allies in the Azores in World War II, Delgado spent an important part of his career after 1943 outside Portugal.
       On missions abroad for the government and armed forces, Delgado came to oppose the dictatorship in the l950s. In 1958, he stood as the oppositionist candidate in the presidential elections, against regime candidate Admiral Américo Tomás. In the cities, Delgado received considerable popular support for his campaign, during which he and the coalition of varied political movements, including the Portuguese Communist Party (PCP) and Movement of Democratic Unity, were harassed by the regime police, PIDE. When the managed election results were "tallied," Delgado had won more than 25 percent, including heavy votes in the African colonies; this proved an embarrassment to the regime, which promptly altered electoral law so that universal male suffrage was replaced by a safer electoral college (1959).
       When legal means of opposition were closed to him, Delgado conspired with dissatisfied military officers who promised support but soon abandoned him. The government had him stripped of his job, rank, and career and, in 1959, fearing arrest by the PIDE, Delgado sought political asylum in the embassy of Brazil. Later he fled to South America and organized opposition to the regime, including liaisons and plotting with Henrique Galvão. Delgado traveled to Europe and North Africa to rally Portuguese oppositionists in exile and, in 1961-62, dabbled in coup plots. He had a role in the abortive coup at Beja, in January 1962. Brave to the extent of taking risks against hopeless odds, Delgado dreamed of instigating a popular uprising on his own.
       In 1965, along with his Brazilian secretary, Delgado kept an appointment with destiny on Portugal's Spanish frontier. Neither he nor his companion were seen alive again, and later their bodies were discovered in a shallow grave; investigations since have proved that they were murdered by PIDE agents in a botched kidnapping plot.
       When the true story of what happened to the "Brave General" was revealed in the world press, the opposition's resolve was strengthened and the Estado Novo's image reached a new low. Posthumously, General Delgado has been honored in numerous ways since the Revolution of 25 April 1974.

    Historical dictionary of Portugal > Delgado, General Humberto

См. также в других словарях:

  • New Democratic Party — Nouveau Parti démocratique Basisdaten Gründungsjahr: 1961 Ausrichtung: Sozialdemokratie Int. Verbindung: Sozialistische Internationale …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • New Democratic Party — This article is about the Canadian political party. For other political parties with the same name, see New Democratic Party (disambiguation). New Democratic Party Nouveau Parti démocratique Active federal&# …   Wikipedia

  • New Democratic Party — Canadian democratic socialist political party. Formed in 1961 from the Co operative Commonwealth Federation, it favours a mixed public private economy, broadened social benefits, and an internationalist foreign policy. It formed governments in… …   Universalium

  • New Democratic Party of Newfoundland and Labrador — Active provincial party Leader Lorraine Michael President Dale …   Wikipedia

  • New Democratic Party leadership election, 1961 — Date July 31 – August 4, 1961 Convention Ottawa, Ontario Campaign to replace position created Won by Tommy Douglas Ballots 1 …   Wikipedia

  • New Democratic Party of Manitoba — Active provincial party Leader Greg Selinger President …   Wikipedia

  • New Brunswick New Democratic Party — Nouveau Parti démocratique du Nouveau Brunswick Active provincial party Leader Dominic Cardy President Leigh Sprague Founded …   Wikipedia

  • New Democratic Party leadership election, 2012 — Date March 24, 2012 Convention Exhibition Place Toronto, Ontario Campaign to replace Jack Layton Entrance Fee $15,000 Spending limit …   Wikipedia

  • New Democratic Party Socialist Caucus — Formation 1998; 12 years ago (1998) Purpose/focus …   Wikipedia

  • New Democratic Party of Prince Edward Island — Active provincial party Leader James Rodd President Edith Perry Founded …   Wikipedia

  • New Democratic Party leadership election, 1971 — Date April 21−24, 1971 Convention Ottawa, Ontario Campaign to replace Tommy Douglas Won by David Lewis Ballots 4 …   Wikipedia

Поделиться ссылкой на выделенное

Прямая ссылка:
Нажмите правой клавишей мыши и выберите «Копировать ссылку»