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1 National Budget System
Abbreviation: NBSУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > National Budget System
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2 национальный бюджет
Banks. Exchanges. Accounting. (Russian-English) > национальный бюджет
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3 državni proračun
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4 государственный бюджет
national budget, state budgetРусско-английский политический словарь > государственный бюджет
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5 державний бюджет
national budget, state budget -
6 presupuesto nacional
• national brand• national budget• national budgeting -
7 stáhtabušeahtta
national budget (AmE), government budget, the Estimates (BrE) -
8 Compańía Radiodifusora Nacional
• National Boxing Association• national budget• Nazism• NBCDDiccionario Técnico Español-Inglés > Compańía Radiodifusora Nacional
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9 Oficina Nacional de Normas
• national budget• National Center of Productivity• NBC• NCDiccionario Técnico Español-Inglés > Oficina Nacional de Normas
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10 Oficina Nacional de Normas Industriales
• national budget• National Center of Productivity• NBC• NCDiccionario Técnico Español-Inglés > Oficina Nacional de Normas Industriales
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11 presupuesto
adj.presupposed, estimated.m.1 budget, estimate.2 presupposition.past part.past participle of spanish verb: presuponer.pres.indicat.1st person singular (yo) present indicative of spanish verb: presupuestar.* * *1 (en finanzas, política) budget; (de una obra, reparación) estimate2 (supuesto) assumption————————1→ link=presuponer presuponer1 (en finanzas, política) budget; (de una obra, reparación) estimate2 (supuesto) assumption\los presupuestos generales del Estado the national budget sing* * *noun m.* * *SM1) (Econ) budget2) [para obra, encargo etc] estimate3) (=supuesto) premise, assumption* * *1)a) (Fin) budgetpresupuestos generales del Estado — state/national budget
b) ( precio estimado) estimatepedir/hacer un presupuesto — to ask for/give an estimate
2) ( supuesto) assumption, supposition* * *= assumption, budget, presumption, presupposition [pre-supposition], quotation, financial statement, budget dollar, purse strings, budget allocation, budgetary allocation, quote.Ex. Also, in controlled indexing language data bases, there is often an assumption that a user will be prepared to chase strings of references or to consult a sometimes complex thesaurus.Ex. Factors here may be: total budget available for the production of abstracts.Ex. Some of these presumptions have served only to perpetuate misconceptions of collection.Ex. Computers hold pre-defined and fixed presuppositions, whilst those of humans are unpredictable.Ex. When costing, the quotation given seriously underestimated the time needed for the job = Cuando se calculó el costo, el presupuesto que se dio subestimó en gran medida el tiempo necesario para hacer el trabajo.Ex. These include an explanatory memorandum which sets out the background of the proposal, and usually also a financial statement of likely budget expenditure.Ex. The library and information sectors have to escalate their fight for every budget dollar, and some struggle to justify their very existence.Ex. The problem is spreading rapidly, affecting people at all levels of society some of whom control the fate and purse strings of libraries.Ex. If there is no policy of standardization, the librarian will be free to choose any suitable system within the budget allocation.Ex. The figures in brackets are the percentages of the 1982 budgetary allocations for research.Ex. This is the most cost-effective method of acquisition because of the opportunity to choose the least expensive quote from multiple quotes through increasing purchasing power.----* administrar el presupuesto = manage + funds.* agotar el presupuesto = drain + budget.* asignación de presupuesto = budgeting.* asignar un presupuesto = allocate + funds.* aumentar el presupuesto = add + monies to + budget.* austeridad de los presupuestos = budgetary stringency.* basarse en + presupuesto = assumption + undergird.* confección del presupuesto = budgeting.* congelación de los presupuestos = budget freeze.* congelar el presupuesto = freeze + budget.* controlar el presupuesto = control + the purse strings.* control de los presupuestos = budgetary control.* con un presupuesto limitado = low-budget.* con un presupuesto muy exiguo = on a shoestring (budget).* con un presupuesto reducido = low-budget.* dado a recortar presupuestos = budget-cutting.* elaboración del presupuesto = budgeting process.* elaboración de presupuesto = budgeting.* encargado de hacer el presupuesto = budgetmaker.* encargarse del presupuesto = control + the purse strings.* equilibrar el presupuesto = balance + the budget.* exceso en el presupuesto = budget overrun, overrun [over-run], cost overrun.* hacer un presupuesto = cost.* inflar un presupuesto = pad + a budget.* limitación del presupuesto = budget constraint.* partir de presupuestos = make + assumption.* presupuesto asignado por actividades = performance budget.* presupuesto asignado según una fórmula = formula budget.* presupuesto cada vez más pequeño = shrinking budget.* presupuesto cada vez menor = shrinking budget.* presupuesto congelado = stagnant budget, frozen budget.* presupuesto de adquisiciones = acquisitions budget.* presupuesto de base cero = zero-base(d) budgeting (ZZB), zero-base(d) budget.* presupuesto desglosado por partidas = programme budget, programme budgetting.* presupuesto detallado = line item budget.* presupuesto exiguo = shoestring budget.* presupuesto extraordinario = capital grant.* presupuesto global = lump sum budget.* presupuesto para adquisición de material = capital budget.* presupuesto para gastos de funcionamiento = operating budget, operating funds.* presupuesto para la compra de libros = book funds [bookfunds].* presupuesto para la compra de material = materials budget.* presupuesto para libros = book budget.* presupuesto precario = shoestring budget.* presupuesto público = public funding.* presupuestos = funding.* presupuestos de la mayoría = majority assumptions.* presupuestos públicos = state finance.* proceso de asignación de presupuestos = budgetary process.* recortar el presupuesto = cut back + budget, cut + budget, squeeze + budget.* recorte del presupuesto = budgetary constraint, funding cut.* recorte de presupuesto = cut in budget.* recorte en el presupuesto = funding cut.* reducir el presupuesto = cut + monies from + budget.* sin exceder el presupuesto = budgetable.* * *1)a) (Fin) budgetpresupuestos generales del Estado — state/national budget
b) ( precio estimado) estimatepedir/hacer un presupuesto — to ask for/give an estimate
2) ( supuesto) assumption, supposition* * *= assumption, budget, presumption, presupposition [pre-supposition], quotation, financial statement, budget dollar, purse strings, budget allocation, budgetary allocation, quote.Ex: Also, in controlled indexing language data bases, there is often an assumption that a user will be prepared to chase strings of references or to consult a sometimes complex thesaurus.
Ex: Factors here may be: total budget available for the production of abstracts.Ex: Some of these presumptions have served only to perpetuate misconceptions of collection.Ex: Computers hold pre-defined and fixed presuppositions, whilst those of humans are unpredictable.Ex: When costing, the quotation given seriously underestimated the time needed for the job = Cuando se calculó el costo, el presupuesto que se dio subestimó en gran medida el tiempo necesario para hacer el trabajo.Ex: These include an explanatory memorandum which sets out the background of the proposal, and usually also a financial statement of likely budget expenditure.Ex: The library and information sectors have to escalate their fight for every budget dollar, and some struggle to justify their very existence.Ex: The problem is spreading rapidly, affecting people at all levels of society some of whom control the fate and purse strings of libraries.Ex: If there is no policy of standardization, the librarian will be free to choose any suitable system within the budget allocation.Ex: The figures in brackets are the percentages of the 1982 budgetary allocations for research.Ex: This is the most cost-effective method of acquisition because of the opportunity to choose the least expensive quote from multiple quotes through increasing purchasing power.* administrar el presupuesto = manage + funds.* agotar el presupuesto = drain + budget.* asignación de presupuesto = budgeting.* asignar un presupuesto = allocate + funds.* aumentar el presupuesto = add + monies to + budget.* austeridad de los presupuestos = budgetary stringency.* basarse en + presupuesto = assumption + undergird.* confección del presupuesto = budgeting.* congelación de los presupuestos = budget freeze.* congelar el presupuesto = freeze + budget.* controlar el presupuesto = control + the purse strings.* control de los presupuestos = budgetary control.* con un presupuesto limitado = low-budget.* con un presupuesto muy exiguo = on a shoestring (budget).* con un presupuesto reducido = low-budget.* dado a recortar presupuestos = budget-cutting.* elaboración del presupuesto = budgeting process.* elaboración de presupuesto = budgeting.* encargado de hacer el presupuesto = budgetmaker.* encargarse del presupuesto = control + the purse strings.* equilibrar el presupuesto = balance + the budget.* exceso en el presupuesto = budget overrun, overrun [over-run], cost overrun.* hacer un presupuesto = cost.* inflar un presupuesto = pad + a budget.* limitación del presupuesto = budget constraint.* partir de presupuestos = make + assumption.* presupuesto asignado por actividades = performance budget.* presupuesto asignado según una fórmula = formula budget.* presupuesto cada vez más pequeño = shrinking budget.* presupuesto cada vez menor = shrinking budget.* presupuesto congelado = stagnant budget, frozen budget.* presupuesto de adquisiciones = acquisitions budget.* presupuesto de base cero = zero-base(d) budgeting (ZZB), zero-base(d) budget.* presupuesto desglosado por partidas = programme budget, programme budgetting.* presupuesto detallado = line item budget.* presupuesto exiguo = shoestring budget.* presupuesto extraordinario = capital grant.* presupuesto global = lump sum budget.* presupuesto para adquisición de material = capital budget.* presupuesto para gastos de funcionamiento = operating budget, operating funds.* presupuesto para la compra de libros = book funds [bookfunds].* presupuesto para la compra de material = materials budget.* presupuesto para libros = book budget.* presupuesto precario = shoestring budget.* presupuesto público = public funding.* presupuestos = funding.* presupuestos de la mayoría = majority assumptions.* presupuestos públicos = state finance.* proceso de asignación de presupuestos = budgetary process.* recortar el presupuesto = cut back + budget, cut + budget, squeeze + budget.* recorte del presupuesto = budgetary constraint, funding cut.* recorte de presupuesto = cut in budget.* recorte en el presupuesto = funding cut.* reducir el presupuesto = cut + monies from + budget.* sin exceder el presupuesto = budgetable.* * *A1 ( Fin) budgetpresupuestos generales del Estado state/national budget2 (precio estimado) estimatepedir/hacer un presupuesto to ask for/give an estimateB (supuesto) assumption, suppositionparten de unos presupuestos falsos they are basing their theory on false assumptions o premises* * *
Del verbo presuponer: ( conjugate presuponer)
presupuesto es:
el participio
Del verbo presupuestar: ( conjugate presupuestar)
presupuesto es:
1ª persona singular (yo) presente indicativo
presupuestó es:
3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) pretérito indicativo
Multiple Entries:
presuponer
presupuestar
presupuesto
presuponer ( conjugate presuponer) verbo transitivo
to presuppose (frml), assume
presupuesto sustantivo masculino
1a) (Fin) budget
2 ( supuesto) assumption, supposition
presuponer verbo transitivo to presuppose, assume
presupuestar verbo transitivo
1 (incluir en un presupuesto) to budget for
2 (calcular gastos, ingresos) to estimate for
presupuesto sustantivo masculino
1 Fin budget
2 (cálculo aproximado) estimate, (más detallado) quote
3 (presuposición) supposition, assumption
Estimate es el presupuesto que pides antes de encargar algún trabajo en un taller, tienda, etc. Budget es el presupuesto que te sirve para planificar tus gastos.
' presupuesto' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
ajustada
- ajustado
- compromiso
- consignar
- contrapartida
- dar
- estiramiento
- hinchar
- holgada
- holgado
- inflar
- militar
- nivelar
- partida
- presupuestar
- reforma
- cotización
- reducido
- salir
English:
allocate
- balance
- budget
- estimate
- low-budget
- quotation
- quote
- sales budget
- B
- leeway
* * *presupuesto, -a♦ participiover presuponer♦ nm1. [dinero disponible] budgetpresupuestos (generales) del Estado state budget, national budget2. [cálculo de costes] estimate;pedir (un) presupuesto to ask for an estimate;me han dado un presupuesto de dos millones they've given me an estimate of two million3. [suposición] assumption* * *I part → presuponerII m POL budget* * *presupuesto nm1) : budget, estimate2) : assumption, supposition* * *1. (dinero asignado) budget2. (cálculo anticipado) estimateantes de pintar el piso, pidió varios presupuestos before having the flat painted, she got several estimates -
12 bilancio
m (pl -ci) balance( rendiconto) balance sheetbilancio annuale annual accountsbilancio consuntivo closing balancebilancio dello Stato national budgetbilancio preventivo budgetfare il bilancio draw up a balance sheetfig take stockrelazione f annuale di bilancio annual report* * *bilancio s.m.1 (econ., comm.) balance; (spec. di previsione) budget; ( di esercizio) balance sheet: bilancio attivo, passivo, credit, debit balance; bilancio comunitario, community budget; bilancio consolidato, consolidated balance sheet; bilancio consuntivo, closed budget (o final balance); bilancio dello stato, (national) budget; bilancio di costituzione, establishment balance sheet; bilancio di apertura, opening balance sheet; bilancio familiare, household budget; bilancio in pareggio, balanced budget; bilancio provvisorio, interim (o provisional) balance sheet; bilancio ( statale) di competenza, budget of authorisation; bilancio annuale, annual balance sheet; revisione, verifica del bilancio, balance sheet auditing (o audit); voce di bilancio, balance sheet item; bilancio di apertura, opening balance; bilancio di chiusura, closing balance; bilancio fiscale, tax balance sheet; bilancio di verifica, trial balance; bilancio preventivo delle vendite, sales budget; fare un bilancio, to draw up (o strike) a balance sheet; approvare il bilancio, to pass the budget; chiudere un bilancio in attivo, to close a balance (o to balance the books) with a profit (o in the black); chiudere un bilancio in passivo, to close a balance (o to balance the books) with a loss (o in the red); chiudere un bilancio in pareggio, to balance the budget (o the break even); fare un bilancio preventivo, to budget; falsificare un bilancio, to counterfeit a balance // di bilancio, budgetary // fuori bilancio, off balance sheet2 (fig.) (net) result, outcome: fare il bilancio della propria vita, to take stock of one's life; mettere in bilancio, to consider (o to take into consideration); fare il bilancio di una situazione, to take stock (o to weigh the pros and cons) of a situation* * *Rossi Spa ha chiuso il bilancio in attivo, passivo — Rossi Spa made a profit, loss in the last financial year
iscrivere a bilancio — to include [sth.] in the budget [uscita, entrata]
2) (di catastrofe, incidente) toll, cost3) fig. (valutazione)fare il bilancio di qcs. — to take stock of sth., to review sth.
•bilancio preventivo o di previsione budget; bilancio pubblico — Budget
* * *bilanciopl. -ci /bi'lant∫o, t∫i/sostantivo m.1 amm. (preventivo) budget; (rendiconto) balance (sheet); Rossi Spa ha chiuso il bilancio in attivo, passivo Rossi Spa made a profit, loss in the last financial year; bilancio in pareggio balanced budget; chiudere il bilancio in pareggio to break even; iscrivere a bilancio to include [sth.] in the budget [uscita, entrata]2 (di catastrofe, incidente) toll, cost; bilancio ufficiale delle vittime official death toll3 fig. (valutazione) fare il bilancio di qcs. to take stock of sth., to review sth.; qual è il bilancio dell'anno? how did the year turn out?bilancio di apertura opening balance; bilancio di chiusura closing balance; bilancio energetico energy balance; bilancio familiare household budget; bilancio preventivo o di previsione budget; bilancio pubblico Budget. -
13 budżet
* * *mibudget; budżet państwa national budget; budżet roczny annual budget; budżet na rok 2000 budget for (the year) 2000; uchwalić budżet pass a budget; przekroczyć budżet exceed a budget; sporządzić projekt budżetu draft a budget; wydatki z budżetu budgeted expenses; cięcia w budżecie cuts in the budget l. budget cuts; pozycja budżetu budget item.The New English-Polish, Polish-English Kościuszko foundation dictionary > budżet
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14 государственный бюджет
1) General subject: federal budget (в США), public accounts2) Law: public finance, state budget3) Economy: budget, government budget4) Business: central government budget, national budgetУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > государственный бюджет
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15 Staatshaushalt
m (national) budget* * *Staats|haus|haltmnational budget* * *Staats·haus·haltm national budget* * *Staatshaushalt m (national) budget* * *m.national finances n. -
16 belasten
I v/t1. (Fahrzeug) auch TECH. load; (Brücke, Balken) put weight on; TECH. (beanspruchen) stress; (beschweren: auch Ski) weight; beide Beine gleichmäßig belasten weight both legs evenly; nicht den Innenski belasten not weight the inside ski; der Aufzug darf mit max. 300 kg belastet werden the lift (Am. elevator) can take a maximum load of 300 kg; ein Fahrzeug / eine Brücke mit 3 t belasten put a 3-ton(ne) load on a vehicle / bridge; der Anhänger ist nicht voll / zu sehr belastet the trailer isn’t fully loaded / is overloaded2. jemanden belasten physisch, psychisch etc.: strain s.o., put a strain on s.o.; stark belasten put a heavy strain on; arbeitsmäßig: put s.o. under (a lot of) pressure; durch zusätzliche Arbeit: give s.o. a heavy workload; mit Verantwortung: place a heavy burden on; auch nervlich: be a (great) strain on s.o.; (Sorgen machen) be a (big) worry for s.o.; gewissensmäßig: give s.o. a (really) bad conscience; ich möchte dich nicht mit meinen Problemen belasten I don’t want to burden you with my problems; es belastet mich ( allmählich ) auch it’s getting to me; sein Gedächtnis mit unnützem Wissen / zu vielen Details belasten fill one’s head with useless knowledge / too many details; sein Gewissen mit Schuld / einer Tat belasten burden one’s conscience with guilt (feelings) / something one has done; er ist durch seine Vergangenheit ( stark) belastet politisch: he is (seriously) discredited by his past, he has a (very) shady past; dieses Wissen / diese Erkenntnis belastet mich (beunruhigt mich) knowing that bothers ( oder worries) me; diese Entscheidung scheint dich sehr zu belasten that decision seems to be causing you some distress3. MED. (Organ, Kreislauf etc.) strain; beim EKG etc.: exert; Alkohol belastet die Leber alcohol is a strain on the liver5. ETECH. (Stromnetz etc.) load; das Telefonnetz ist zu stark belastet the (tele)phone system is overloaded; wenn das Computernetz plötzlich zu stark belastet wird when the computer network is suddenly overloaded6. FIN.: jemanden / jemandes Konto belasten debit s.o. / s.o.’s account ( mit with); wir erlauben uns, Sie mit den Kosten zu belasten we take the liberty of charging the costs to your account; jemanden finanziell ( stark) belasten be a (heavy) financial burden on s.o., present a (heavy) financial strain on s.o.; durch Steuern: place a (heavy) tax burden on s.o.; den Staatshaushalt durch neue Ausgaben belasten burden the national budget with additional spending7. (Grundstück, Haus) encumber, mortgage; ein Haus mit einer Hypothek belasten encumber a house with a mortgage8. JUR., durch Indizien etc.: incriminateII v/refl: sich mit etw. belasten mit Arbeit, Verantwortung: burden ( oder saddle) o.s. with s.th.; damit kann ich mich nicht belasten auch I haven’t got time to deal with that sort of thingIII v/i Besitz belastet property ( oder riches) can be a burden; nur bei Skiern: du belastest falsch / richtig you’re weighting the wrong / the right ski* * *(abbuchen) to debit;(beanspruchen) to strain; to stress;(beladen) to burden; to load; to charge;(beschuldigen) to incriminate;(verschulden) to mortgage; to encumber; to cumber* * *be|lạs|ten ptp bela\#stet1. vt1) (lit) (mit Gewicht) Brücke, Balken, Träger, Ski to put weight on; (mit Last) Fahrzeug, Fahrstuhl to loadetw mit 50 Tonnen belasten — to put a 50 ton load on sth, to put a weight of 50 tons on sth
den Träger gleichmäßig belasten — to distribute weight evenly over the girder
das darf nur mit maximal 5 Personen/Tonnen belastet werden — its maximum load is 5 people/tons
2) (fig)jdn mit etw belasten (mit Arbeit) — to load sb with sth; mit Verantwortung, Sorgen, Wissen to burden sb with sth
das Gedächtnis mit unnützem Wissen belasten — to burden one's memory with useless knowledge
jdn belasten (mit Arbeit, Verantwortung, Sorgen) — to burden sb
belastend sein — to be a strain
See:→ erblich3) (fig = bedrücken)jdn/jds Gewissen/Seele mit etw belasten (Mensch) — to burden sb/sb's conscience/soul with sth
das belastet ihn sehr — it weighs heavily on his mind
mit einer Schuld belastet sein — to be weighed down or burdened by guilt
4) (= beanspruchen) Wasserhaushalt, Stromnetz, Leitung to put pressure on, to stretch; Atmosphäre to pollute; (MED) Kreislauf, Magen, Organe, Körper, Mensch to put a strain on, to strain; Nerven to strain, to tax; Steuerzahler to burdenjdn/etw zu sehr or stark belasten — to overstrain sb/sth; Wasserhaushalt etc to put too much pressure on sth, to overstretch sth
das Konto mit einem Betrag belasten — to debit the account with a sum, to debit a sum to the account
dafür werden wir Sie mit 50 Euro belasten — we will charge you 50 euros for that
2. vr1)sich mit etw belasten (mit Arbeit) — to take sth on; mit Verantwortung to take sth upon oneself; mit Sorgen to burden oneself with sth
damit belaste ich mich nicht (mit Arbeit, Verantwortung) — I don't want to take that on
* * *1) (to put a responsibility etc on (someone): burdened with cares.) burden2) (to enter or record on this side of an account.) debit* * *be·las·ten *I. vt1. (mit Gewicht beschweren)du solltest das verletzte Knie weniger \belasten you should put less weight on the injured kneeetw mit... Kilo/Tonnen \belasten to put a weight of... kilos/tons on sthein Fahrzeug/einen Aufzug mit 500 Kilo \belasten to load a vehicle/a lift with 500 kilosdas darf nur mit bis zu 8 Personen/750 kg belastet werden its maximum load is 8 persons/750 kgetw zu sehr \belasten to put too much weight on sth; (beladen) to overload sth▪ jdn \belasten to burden sbjdn mit zu viel Arbeit \belasten to load sb with too much workjdn mit der Verantwortung \belasten to burden sb with the responsibility3. (übermäßig beanspruchen)▪ jdn/etw \belasten to put a strain on [or to strain] sb/sth4. (ökologisch beanspruchen)5. (bedrücken)▪ jdn \belasten to weigh [up]on sb['s mind]jds Gewissen [o jdn] [schwer] \belasten to weigh [heavily] [up]on sb['s conscience]mit einer Schuld belastet sein to be burdened by guilt6. JUR7. (debitieren)ein Konto [mit 100 Euro] \belasten to debit [100 euros from] an accountjdn mit den Kosten \belasten to charge the costs to sbdafür werden wir Sie mit Euro 200 \belasten we will charge you 200 euros for thatjdn mit zu hohen Steuern \belasten to burden sb with too high taxesjdn mit zusätzlichen Steuern \belasten to increase the tax burden on sb9. FINetw mit einer Hypothek \belasten to mortgage sthetw mit Schulden \belasten to encumber sth [with debts] formich belaste mich nicht mit solchen Kleinigkeiten I don't bother with such trivialitiesich wollte dich nicht [unnötig] damit \belasten I didn't want to bother you with it* * *transitives Verb1)etwas belasten — put something under strain; (durch Gewicht) put weight on something
3) (in Anspruch nehmen) burden ( mit with)jemanden belasten — <responsibility, guilt> weigh upon somebody; < thought> weigh upon somebody's mind
5) (Rechtsw.): (schuldig erscheinen lassen) incriminate6) (Geldw.)das Haus ist mit einer Hypothek belastet — the house is encumbered with a mortgage
* * *A. v/t1. (Fahrzeug) auch TECH load; (Brücke, Balken) put weight on; TECH (beanspruchen) stress; (beschweren: auch Ski) weight;beide Beine gleichmäßig belasten weight both legs evenly;nicht den Innenski belasten not weight the inside ski;der Aufzug darf mit max. 300 kg belastet werden the lift (US elevator) can take a maximum load of 300 kg;ein Fahrzeug/eine Brücke mit 3 t belasten put a 3-ton(ne) load on a vehicle/bridge;der Anhänger ist nicht voll/zu sehr belastet the trailer isn’t fully loaded/is overloaded2.jemanden belasten physisch, psychisch etc: strain sb, put a strain on sb;stark belasten put a heavy strain on; arbeitsmäßig: put sb under (a lot of) pressure; durch zusätzliche Arbeit: give sb a heavy workload; mit Verantwortung: place a heavy burden on; auch nervlich: be a (great) strain on sb; (Sorgen machen) be a (big) worry for sb; gewissensmäßig: give sb a (really) bad conscience;ich möchte dich nicht mit meinen Problemen belasten I don’t want to burden you with my problems;sein Gedächtnis mit unnützem Wissen/zu vielen Details belasten fill one’s head with useless knowledge/too many details;sein Gewissen mit Schuld/einer Tat belasten burden one’s conscience with guilt (feelings)/something one has done;er ist durch seine Vergangenheit (stark) belastet politisch: he is (seriously) discredited by his past, he has a (very) shady past;dieses Wissen/diese Erkenntnis belastet mich (beunruhigt mich) knowing that bothers ( oder worries) me;diese Entscheidung scheint dich sehr zu belasten that decision seems to be causing you some distressAlkohol belastet die Leber alcohol is a strain on the liver5. ELEK (Stromnetz etc) load;wenn das Computernetz plötzlich zu stark belastet wird when the computer network is suddenly overloaded6. FIN:jemanden/jemandes Konto belasten debit sb/sb’s account (mit with);wir erlauben uns, Sie mit den Kosten zu belasten we take the liberty of charging the costs to your account;jemanden finanziell (stark) belasten be a (heavy) financial burden on sb, present a (heavy) financial strain on sb; durch Steuern: place a (heavy) tax burden on sb;den Staatshaushalt durch neue Ausgaben belasten burden the national budget with additional spending7. (Grundstück, Haus) encumber, mortgage;ein Haus mit einer Hypothek belasten encumber a house with a mortgage8. JUR, durch Indizien etc: incriminateB. v/r:C. v/idu belastest falsch/richtig you’re weighting the wrong/the right ski* * *transitives Verb1)etwas belasten — put something under strain; (durch Gewicht) put weight on something
3) (in Anspruch nehmen) burden ( mit with)jemanden belasten — <responsibility, guilt> weigh upon somebody; < thought> weigh upon somebody's mind
5) (Rechtsw.): (schuldig erscheinen lassen) incriminate6) (Geldw.)* * *v.to burden v.to charge v.to debit v.to encumber v.to incriminate v.to load v.to stress v. -
17 Bundesbankgesetz
Bundesbankgesetz
Federal Reserve Act (US);
• Bundesbankpräsident [etwa] Federal Reserve chairman;
• Bundesbeamter federal officer (US);
• Bundesbediensteter federal employee (US);
• Bundesbehörde federal agency (US);
• Bundesbehörde für Luft- und Raumfahrt National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) (US);
• Bundesbüro zur Durchführung von Volkszählungen Census Bureau;
• Bundesdatenschutzgesetz (BDSG) German Federal Data Protection Act;
• Bundesenergiebehörde Federal Energy Administration (US);
• Bundesetat Federal Budget (US);
• Bundesfernstraße [etwa] long-distance road;
• Bundesfinanzbehörde Commissioner of Inland Revenue (Br.), Commissioner of Internal Revenue (US);
• Bundesfinanzhof [etwa] Income-Tax Appeal Tribunal;
• Bundesfinanzminister [etwa] Chancellor of the Exchequer (Br.), Secretary of the Treasury Department (US);
• Bundesforstverwaltung Forest Service (US);
• Bundesgebiet national territory;
• Bundesgesetzblatt gazette (Br.), Statutes at Large (US);
• Bundesgewalt federal power (US);
• Bundesgrenzschutzangehöriger border guard;
• Bundeshaushalt National Budget;
• Bundeshilfe federal aid (US);
• Bundeskanzler Federal Chancellor;
• Bundeskartellamt Federal Cartels Office;
• Bundeskriminalamt (BKA) Federal Office of Criminal Investigation;
• Bundesluftfahrtbehörde Federal Agency of Aviation (FAA,US);
• Bundesminister für Inneres (Österreich) Federal Minister of the Interior;
• Bundesministerium für Wirtschaft und Technologie Federal Ministry of Economics and Technology;
• Bundesnotenbank [etwa] Federal Reserve Bank (US), lender of last resort (Br.);
• Bundesnotenbankausweis [etwa] Exchequer returns (Br.);
• Bundesnotenbankpräsident chairman of the Federal Reserve Bank (US);
• Bundesorgan federal instrumentality (US);
• Bundesorganisation national organization (US);
• Bundespatentamt Commissioner of Patents (US);
• Bundespersonalvertretungsgesetz Civil Service Representation Act;
• Bundespost Postal Service;
• Bundespräsident President of the Federal Republic;
• Bundesrat constitutional organ, [etwa] upper chamber of the federal parliament;
• Bundesrechnungshof [etwa] Commissioner of Audits (Br.), General Accounting Office (US);
• Bundesrechtsanwaltsordnung [etwa] Solicitors Act (Br.);
• Bundesregierung Federal Government (US);
• Bundesrepublik Deutschland Federal Republic of Germany;
• Bundesschätze, Bundesschatzwechsel [etwa] British savings bonds, United States note;
• Bundesschatzmeister [etwa] Register of the Treasury (US);
• Bundesschatzscheine [etwa] British savings bonds;
• Bundesschifffahrtsbehörde Federal Maritime Commission (US);
• Bundesschuldbuch National Debt Register;
• Bundesschuldbuchforderungen debt register claims;
• Bundesschuldenverwaltung [etwa] National Debt Commissioner (Br.), Debt Management (US);
• Bundessozialgericht [etwa] Local Appeal Tribunal (Br.);
• Bundessozialhilfegesetz [etwa] National Assistance Act (Br.), Federal Insurance Contribution Act (US);
• Bundessparkassenverband National Association of Savings Banks (US);
• Bundesstaat federal (federated) state (US). -
18 державний бюджет
state budget; government balance; general government balance; government budget; national budget -
19 pubblico
(pl -ci) 1. adj publicPubblico Ministero public prosecutor2. m public( spettatori) audiencein pubblico in public* * *pubblico agg.1 public; ( statale) state (attr.); ( civile) civil: opinione, salute, vita pubblica, public opinion, health, life; servizi pubblici, public services; lavori pubblici, public works; istruzione pubblica, state education; scuola pubblica, state (o maintained) school; biblioteca pubblica, public library; giardini pubblici, public gardens; forza pubblica, police force (o civil police); nemico pubblico, public enemy; pubblico funzionario, civil servant; pubblico ufficiale, public officer (o civil servant); pubblico notaio, notary public; pubblico banditore, (public) auctioneer; pubblico registro, registry; spese pubbliche, public expenses: a spese pubbliche, at public expense; bilancio pubblico, national budget; debito pubblico, national (o public) debt; amministrazione pubblica, public authority (o civil service); questione d'interesse pubblico, public matter, ( d'importanza nazionale) matter of national importance; pubbliche relazioni, public relations; lavorare per il bene pubblico, to work for the common good // atto pubblico, deed under seal; diritto pubblico, public law2 ( noto a tutti, fatto davanti a tutti) public: le conferenze sono pubbliche, the lectures are public; fare una pubblica confessione, protesta, to make a public confession, protest; tenere una pubblica riunione, to hold (o to have) an open (o public) meeting; bisogna fare qualcosa prima che la notizia diventi di pubblico dominio, something must be done before the news becomes public // rendere pubblico, to make public (o to broadcast) // personaggio pubblico, public personality◆ s.m.1 public: il pubblico dei lettori, the reading public; i gusti del pubblico, the tastes of the public; l'opinione del pubblico, public opinion; un giardino aperto al pubblico, a garden open to the public; il pubblico non è ammesso, the public is (o are) not admitted; il pubblico è pregato di..., the public is (o are) requested to... // in pubblico, in public: mettere in pubblico, to make public (o to broadcast o to reveal o to disclose)2 (di teatro, concerto, conferenza ecc.) audience: il pubblico ha applaudito gli attori, the audience applauded the actors; parlare a un pubblico numeroso, to speak to a large audience; al concerto c'è stata una grande affluenza di pubblico, the concert was very well attended // indagine sul pubblico, audience research // pubblico prigioniero, ( di messaggi pubblicitari) captive audience3 ( sfera pubblica) public life: separare il pubblico dal privato, to separate public life from private life.* * *['pubbliko] pubblico -a, -ci, -che1. agg(gen) public, (statale: scuola) state attrun pubblico esercizio — a catering (o hotel o entertainment) business
ministero della Pubblica Istruzione — Department for Education Brit, Department of Health, Education and Welfare Am
2. sm* * *I 1.1) (statale) [ scuola] public, state attrib.; [ azienda] state-owned; [ ospedale] state-run; [ debito] national, publicservizio pubblico — public service o utility
2) (della collettività) [opinione, pericolo, nemico] public3) (accessibile a tutti) [ luogo] public2.sostantivo maschileII1) (gente) publicportare qcs. a conoscenza del pubblico — to make sth. public audience, spectators pl.; (ascoltatori) audience, listeners pl.
2) (spettatori)3) (seguito)4) in pubblico [parlare, esibirsi] in public* * *pubblico1pl. -ci, - che /'pubbliko, t∫i, ke/1 (statale) [ scuola] public, state attrib.; [ azienda] state-owned; [ ospedale] state-run; [ debito] national, public; servizio pubblico public service o utility2 (della collettività) [ opinione, pericolo, nemico] public3 (accessibile a tutti) [ luogo] public; diventare di dominio pubblico to fall in the public domain; rendere pubblico to releaseil pubblico e il privato the public and the private sectors- a amministrazione civil service; - che relazioni public relations.————————pubblico2pl. -ci /'pubbliko, t∫i/sostantivo m.1 (gente) public; aperto al pubblico open to the public; portare qcs. a conoscenza del pubblico to make sth. public audience, spectators pl.; (ascoltatori) audience, listeners pl.; uno spettacolo che piace al grande pubblico a very popular show3 (seguito) avere un proprio pubblico to have a following; deludere il proprio pubblico to disappoint one's public4 in pubblico [parlare, esibirsi] in public. -
20 Coimbra, University of
Portugal's oldest and once its most prestigious university. As one of Europe's oldest seats of learning, the University of Coimbra and its various roles have a historic importance that supersedes merely the educational. For centuries, the university formed and trained the principal elites and professions that dominated Portugal. For more than a century, certain members of its faculty entered the central government in Lisbon. A few, such as law professor Afonso Costa, mathematics instructor Sidônio Pais, anthropology professor Bernardino Machado, and economics professor Antônio de Oliveira Salazar, became prime ministers and presidents of the republic. In such a small country, with relatively few universities until recently, Portugal counted Coimbra's university as the educational cradle of its leaders and knew its academic traditions as an intimate part of national life.Established in 1290 by King Dinis, the university first opened in Lisbon but was moved to Coimbra in 1308, and there it remained. University buildings were placed high on a hill, in a position thatphysically dominates Portugal's third city. While sections of the medieval university buildings are present, much of what today remains of the old University of Coimbra dates from the Manueline era (1495-1521) and the 17th and 18th centuries. The main administration building along the so-called Via Latina is baroque, in the style of the 17th and 18th centuries. Most prominent among buildings adjacent to the central core structures are the Chapel of São Miguel, built in the 17th century, and the magnificent University Library, of the era of wealthy King João V, built between 1717 and 1723. Created entirely by Portuguese artists and architects, the library is unique among historic monuments in Portugal. Its rare book collection, a monument in itself, is complemented by exquisite gilt wood decorations and beautiful doors, windows, and furniture. Among visitors and tourists, the chapel and library are the prime attractions to this day.The University underwent important reforms under the Pombaline administration (1750-77). Efforts to strengthen Coimbra's position in advanced learning and teaching by means of a new curriculum, including new courses in new fields and new degrees and colleges (in Portugal, major university divisions are usually called "faculties") often met strong resistance. In the Age of the Discoveries, efforts were made to introduce the useful study of mathematics, which was part of astronomy in that day, and to move beyond traditional medieval study only of theology, canon law, civil law, and medicine. Regarding even the advanced work of the Portuguese astronomer and mathematician Pedro Nunes, however, Coimbra University was lamentably slow in introducing mathematics or a school of arts and general studies. After some earlier efforts, the 1772 Pombaline Statutes, the core of the Pombaline reforms at Coimbra, had an impact that lasted more than a century. These reforms remained in effect to the end of the monarchy, when, in 1911, the First Republic instituted changes that stressed the secularization of learning. This included the abolition of the Faculty of Theology.Elaborate, ancient traditions and customs inform the faculty and student body of Coimbra University. Tradition flourishes, although some customs are more popular than others. Instead of residing in common residences or dormitories as in other countries, in Coimbra until recently students lived in the city in "Republics," private houses with domestic help hired by the students. Students wore typical black academic gowns. Efforts during the Revolution of 25 April 1974 and aftermath to abolish the wearing of the gowns, a powerful student image symbol, met resistance and generated controversy. In romantic Coimbra tradition, students with guitars sang characteristic songs, including Coimbra fado, a more cheerful song than Lisbon fado, and serenaded other students at special locations. Tradition also decreed that at graduation graduates wore their gowns but burned their school (or college or subject) ribbons ( fitas), an important ceremonial rite of passage.The University of Coimbra, while it underwent a revival in the 1980s and 1990s, no longer has a virtual monopoly over higher education in Portugal. By 1970, for example, the country had only four public and one private university, and the University of Lisbon had become more significant than ancient Coimbra. At present, diversity in higher education is even more pronounced: 12 private universities and 14 autonomous public universities are listed, not only in Lisbon and Oporto, but at provincial locations. Still, Coimbra retains an influence as the senior university, some of whose graduates still enter national government and distinguished themselves in various professions.An important student concern at all institutions of higher learning, and one that marked the last half of the 1990s and continued into the next century, was the question of increased student fees and tuition payments (in Portuguese, propinas). Due to the expansion of the national universities in function as well as in the size of student bodies, national budget constraints, and the rising cost of education, the central government began to increase student fees. The student movement protested this change by means of various tactics, including student strikes, boycotts, and demonstrations. At the same time, a growing number of private universities began to attract larger numbers of students who could afford the higher fees in private institutions, but who had been denied places in the increasingly competitive and pressured public universities.
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